JP7124462B2 - liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.

In liquid crystal display elements, classification based on the operation mode of liquid crystal molecules is PC (phase change), TN (twisted nematic), STN (super twisted nematic), ECB (electrically controlled birefringence), OCB (optically compensated bend), IPS. (in-plane switching), VA (vertical alignment), FFS (fringe field switching), FPA (field-induced photo-reactive alignment), and the like. Classification based on the drive system of the element is PM (passive matrix) and AM (active matrix). PM is classified into static, multiplex, etc., and AM is classified into TFT (thin film transistor), MIM (metal insulator metal), and the like. TFT classifications are amorphous silicon and polycrystalline silicon. The latter is classified into a high temperature type and a low temperature type depending on the manufacturing process. Classifications based on light source are reflective, which uses natural light, transmissive, which uses backlight, and transflective, which uses both natural light and backlight.

A liquid crystal display element contains a liquid crystal composition having a nematic phase. This liquid crystal composition has suitable properties. By improving the properties of this liquid crystal composition, an AM device with good properties can be obtained. The relationships between these properties are summarized in Table 1 below. The properties of the liquid crystal composition will be further explained based on commercially available AM devices. The temperature range of the nematic phase is related to the usable temperature range of the device. The preferred upper limit temperature of the nematic phase is about 70°C or higher, and the preferred lower limit temperature of the nematic phase is about -10°C or lower. The viscosity of the liquid crystal composition is related to the response time of the device. A short response time is desirable for displaying moving images on the device. A shorter response time, even 1 millisecond, is desirable. Therefore, low viscosity in the composition is preferred. A low viscosity at low temperature is more preferred.

The optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal composition is related to the contrast ratio of the device. Depending on the mode of the device, a large optical anisotropy or a small optical anisotropy, ie a suitable optical anisotropy is required. The product (Δn×d) of the optical anisotropy (Δn) of the liquid crystal composition and the cell gap (d) of the device is designed to maximize the contrast ratio. Appropriate values for the product depend on the type of operating mode. This value ranges from about 0.30 μm to about 0.40 μm for VA mode devices and from about 0.20 μm to about 0.30 μm for IPS or FFS mode devices. In these cases, a liquid crystal composition having a large optical anisotropy is preferable for an element with a small cell gap. A large dielectric anisotropy in the liquid crystal composition contributes to a low threshold voltage, a small power consumption and a large contrast ratio in the device. Therefore, a large dielectric anisotropy is preferred. A large specific resistance in the liquid crystal composition contributes to a large voltage holding ratio and a large contrast ratio in the device. Therefore, a liquid crystal composition having a high resistivity in the initial stage is preferred. A liquid crystal composition that has a high resistivity after prolonged use is preferred. The stability of the liquid crystal composition against ultraviolet rays and heat is related to the lifetime of the device. When this stability is high, the lifetime of the device is long. Such characteristics are preferable for AM elements used in liquid crystal monitors, liquid crystal televisions, and the like.

A composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy is used in an AM device having a TN mode. A composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used in an AM device having a VA mode. A composition having positive or negative dielectric anisotropy is used in an AM device having an IPS mode or FFS mode. A composition having a positive or negative dielectric anisotropy is used in a polymer supported alignment (PSA) type AM device.

In the liquid crystal display element, the lateral electric field type includes an IPS (In-Plane-Switching) mode (also referred to as an IPS method) and an FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode (also referred to as an FFS method). Compared with the electric field type, it is advantageous in terms of a wide viewing angle, an aperture ratio (an area ratio of a region effective for display in one pixel region), and the like.

Both the IPS method and the FFS method are classified as a horizontal electric field type. In the IPS method, the common electrode and the pixel electrode are generally formed in the same layer to form a horizontal electric field. An electrode and a pixel electrode are provided on different layers with an insulating film sandwiched between them, and the electrode on the upper layer side is formed in a slit shape, and to be precise, it becomes an oblique electric field (fringe electric field) containing both horizontal and vertical electric field components. there is

Since the FFS liquid crystal display element has a problem that the electrode structure is complicated, Patent Document 1 proposes an FFS liquid crystal display element that realizes a bright display with a high aperture ratio without complicating the structure. Proposed.

JP 2008-52161 A

By the way, there is room for improvement in the performance of the liquid crystal display element, not only in the electrode structure, but also in the liquid crystal composition used in the liquid crystal layer as described above. There is a demand for liquid crystal display devices with properties such as high voltage, high contrast ratio, and long life.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display device having characteristics such as a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a low threshold voltage, a large contrast ratio and a long life. aim.

式（１）において、Ｒ^１及びＲ^２は、炭素数１から１２のアルキル、炭素数１から１２のアルコキシ、炭素数２から１２のアルケニル、又は少なくとも１つの水素がフッ素又は塩素で置き換えられた炭素数２から１２のアルケニルであり；環Ａ及び環Ｂは、１，４－シクロヘキシレン、１，４－フェニレン、２－フルオロ－１，４－フェニレン、又は２，５－ジフルオロ－１，４－フェニレンであり；Ｚ^１は、単結合、エチレン、ビニレン、メチレンオキシ、又はカルボニルオキシであり；ａは、１、２、又は３である。 The liquid crystal display element of the present invention is
A liquid crystal layer is provided between the first substrate and the second substrate facing each other,
A first electrode portion is provided on the first substrate,
the first electrode portion comprises at least one basic electrode portion;
The basic electrode portion includes a first basic electrode portion and a second basic electrode portion,
The first basic electrode part is
A pair of first conductive parts extending in a first direction along the substrate surface and spaced apart in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction,
the second basic electrode portion includes a third conductive portion extending in the first direction from the vicinity of the opening of the first basic electrode portion;
The liquid crystal composition contained in the liquid crystal layer contains at least one compound selected from compounds represented by Formula (1) as a first component.

In formula (1), R ¹ and R ² are alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or at least one hydrogen is replaced with fluorine or chlorine. alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; ring A and ring B are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, or 2,5-difluoro-1,4 -phenylene; Z ¹ is a single bond, ethylene, vinylene, methyleneoxy, or carbonyloxy; a is 1, 2, or 3;

式（１）において、Ｒ^１及びＲ^２は、炭素数１から１２のアルキル、炭素数１から１２のアルコキシ、炭素数２から１２のアルケニル、又は少なくとも１つの水素がフッ素又は塩素で置き換えられた炭素数２から１２のアルケニルであり；環Ａ及び環Ｂは、１，４－シクロヘキシレン、１，４－フェニレン、２－フルオロ－１，４－フェニレン、又は２，５－ジフルオロ－１，４－フェニレンであり；Ｚ^１は、単結合、エチレン、ビニレン、メチレンオキシ、又はカルボニルオキシであり；ａは、１、２、又は３である。 Further, another liquid crystal display element of the present invention is
a liquid crystal layer between the facing first and second substrates;
a first electrode portion provided on the first substrate and having at least one first basic electrode portion;
a second electrode portion provided on the first substrate and having at least one second basic electrode portion;
The first basic electrode part is
A pair of first conductive parts extending in a first direction along the substrate surface and spaced apart in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction,
the second basic electrode portion includes a third conductive portion extending in the first direction from the vicinity of the opening of the first basic electrode portion;
The liquid crystal composition contained in the liquid crystal layer contains at least one compound selected from compounds represented by Formula (1) as a first component.

In formula (1), R ¹ and R ² are alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or at least one hydrogen is replaced with fluorine or chlorine. alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; ring A and ring B are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, or 2,5-difluoro-1,4 -phenylene; Z ¹ is a single bond, ethylene, vinylene, methyleneoxy, or carbonyloxy; a is 1, 2, or 3;

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device having characteristics such as short response time, large voltage holding ratio, low threshold voltage, large contrast ratio, and long life.

1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display element according to a first embodiment of the invention; FIG. 1 is a plan view for explaining an electrode structure of a liquid crystal display element according to a first embodiment of the invention; FIG. It is a top view showing the 1st electrode part of a 1st embodiment concerning the present invention. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a modification of the connection conductive portion of the first electrode portion of the first embodiment according to the present invention; 4 is a plan view of the first electrode portion corresponding to FIG. 3, and is a diagram for explaining parameters and the like used in the graphs of FIGS. 7 to 12 showing simulation results. FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining definitions of response times in FIGS. 7 to 9; FIG. It is the 1st graph which shows the result of the simulation regarding the response time of 1st execution form which relates to this invention. FIG. 11 is a second graph showing simulation results regarding response time of the first embodiment according to the present invention; FIG. FIG. 9 is a third graph showing simulation results regarding response time of the first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. It is the 1st graph which shows the result of the simulation regarding the transmittance of 1st execution form which relates to this invention. FIG. 11 is a second graph showing the results of a simulation regarding the transmittance of the first embodiment according to the present invention; FIG. It is the 3rd graph which shows the result of the simulation about the transmittance of 1st execution form which relates to this invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a conventional FFS-type pixel electrode for comparison; FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel electrode that is a modification of the first embodiment according to the invention; FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the state of liquid crystal molecules when a fringe electric field is generated by generating a potential difference between the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion of the first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display element of a second embodiment according to the invention; FIG. 5 is a plan view for explaining an electrode structure of a liquid crystal display element according to a second embodiment of the invention; FIG. 10 is a plan view schematically showing a case where first electrode portions are provided in units of a plurality of pixel regions or in units of all pixel regions according to the second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 10 is a plan view for explaining the electrode structure of the liquid crystal display element of the third embodiment according to the present invention;

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The same numbers or symbols are given to the same elements throughout the description of the embodiment.

(Liquid crystal composition)
The liquid crystal composition contained in the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention will be described.
The terms used in this specification are as follows. The terms "liquid crystal composition" and "liquid crystal display element" may be abbreviated as "composition" and "element", respectively. "Liquid crystal display element" is a general term for liquid crystal display panels and liquid crystal display modules. A 'liquid crystal compound' means a compound having a liquid crystal phase such as a nematic phase or a smectic phase, or a compound having no liquid crystal phase. It is a general term for compounds mixed in the composition. This compound has a six-membered ring such as 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene, and its molecules (liquid crystal molecules) are rod-like. A "polymerizable compound" is a compound added for the purpose of forming a polymer in the composition. A liquid crystalline compound having alkenyl is not classified as a polymerizable compound in that sense.

A liquid crystal composition is prepared by mixing a plurality of liquid crystalline compounds. Additives such as optically active compounds and polymerizable compounds are added to the liquid crystal composition as required. The ratio of the liquid crystalline compound, even when the additive is added, is represented by mass percentage (% by mass) based on the mass of the liquid crystal composition containing no additive. The proportion of the additive is represented by mass percentage (% by mass) based on the mass of the liquid crystal composition containing no additive. That is, the ratio of the liquid crystalline compound and the additive is calculated based on the total mass of the liquid crystalline compound.

"The upper limit temperature of the nematic phase" may be abbreviated as "the upper limit temperature". "Lower limit temperature of nematic phase" may be abbreviated as "lower limit temperature". The expression "increase the dielectric anisotropy" means that the value increases positively in the case of a composition with a positive dielectric anisotropy, and in a composition with a negative dielectric anisotropy. When it is a thing, it means that its value increases negatively. "Large voltage holding ratio" means that the element has a large voltage holding ratio at the initial stage not only at room temperature but also at temperatures close to the upper limit temperature, and after long-term use, the voltage is large not only at room temperature but also at temperatures close to the upper limit temperature. It means having a retention rate. Properties of compositions and devices may be examined by aging tests.

上記の化合物（１ｚ）を例にして説明する。式（１ｚ）において、六角形で囲んだαおよびβの記号はそれぞれ環αおよび環βに対応し、六員環、縮合環のような環を表す。添え字‘ｘ’が２のとき、２つの環αが存在する。２つの環αが表す２つの基は、同一であってもよく、または異なってもよい。このルールは、添え字‘ｘ’が２より大きいとき、任意の２つの環αに適用される。このルールは、結合基Ｚのような、他の記号にも適用される。環βの一辺を横切る斜線は、環β上の任意の水素が置換基（－Ｓｐ－Ｐ）で置き換えられてもよいことを表す。添え字‘ｙ’は置き換えられた置換基の数を示す。添え字‘ｙ’が０のとき、そのような置き換えはない。添え字‘ｙ’が２以上のとき、環β上には複数の置換基（－Ｓｐ－Ｐ）が存在する。この場合にも、「同一であってもよく、または異なってもよい」のルールが適用される。なお、このルールは、Ｒａの記号を複数の化合物に用いた場合にも適用される。

The above compound (1z) will be described as an example. In formula (1z), the symbols α and β surrounded by hexagons correspond to ring α and ring β, respectively, and represent rings such as six-membered rings and condensed rings. When the index 'x' is 2, there are two rings α. Two groups represented by two rings α may be the same or different. This rule applies to any two rings α when the index 'x' is greater than two. This rule also applies to other symbols, such as the bonding group Z. A slash across one side of ring β indicates that any hydrogen on ring β may be replaced with a substituent (-Sp-P). The subscript 'y' indicates the number of substituents replaced. When the index 'y' is 0, there is no such replacement. When the subscript 'y' is 2 or more, there are multiple substituents (-Sp-P) on the ring β. In this case as well, the "can be the same or can be different" rule applies. This rule also applies when the symbol Ra is used for a plurality of compounds.

In formula (1z), for example, expressions such as "Ra and Rb are alkyl, alkoxy, or alkenyl" mean that Ra and Rb are independently selected from the group of alkyl, alkoxy, and alkenyl. means Here, the group represented by Ra and the group represented by Rb may be the same or different. This rule also applies when the Ra symbol is used for multiple compounds. This rule also applies when multiple Ra's are used in one compound.

At least one compound selected from compounds represented by formula (1z) may be abbreviated as "compound (1z)". "Compound (1z)" means one compound, a mixture of two compounds, or a mixture of three or more compounds represented by formula (1z). The same applies to compounds represented by other formulas. The expression "at least one compound selected from compounds represented by formula (1z) and formula (2z)" means at least one compound selected from the group of compound (1z) and compound (2z) .

The expression "at least one 'A'" means that the number of 'A' is arbitrary. The expression "at least one 'A' may be replaced with 'B'" means that when the number of 'A' is 1, the position of 'A' is arbitrary, and the number of 'A' is 2 When there are more than one, their positions can be chosen without restriction. The expression "at least one -CH ₂ - may be replaced with -O-" is sometimes used. In this case, -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ - may be converted to -O-CH ₂ -O- by replacing non-adjacent -CH ₂ - with -O-. However, adjacent -CH ₂ - is not replaced by -O-. This is because —O—O—CH ₂ — (peroxide) is produced by this replacement.

テトラヒドロピラン－２，５－ジイルのような二価基においても同様である。なお、好ましいテトラヒドロピラン－２，５－ジイルは、上限温度を上げるために右向き（Ｒ）である。カルボニルオキシのような結合基（－ＣＯＯ－または－ＯＣＯ－）も同様である。 Alkyl in the liquid crystalline compound is linear or branched and does not include cyclic alkyl. Linear alkyls are preferred over branched alkyls. The same applies to terminal groups such as alkoxy and alkenyl. The configuration of 1,4-cyclohexylene is preferably trans rather than cis in order to increase the maximum temperature. Since 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene is left-right asymmetric, there is a leftward (L) and a rightward (R).

The same is true for divalent groups such as tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl. A preferred tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl is rightward (R) in order to increase the maximum temperature. The same is true for linking groups such as carbonyloxy (-COO- or -OCO-).

The liquid crystal composition in the present invention will be explained in the following order. First, the composition of the component compounds in the composition will be described. Second, the main properties of the component compounds and their main effects on compositions and devices are described. Thirdly, the combination of ingredients in the composition, the preferred proportions of the ingredients and the rationale thereof are described. Fourth, preferred forms of component compounds are described. Fifth, preferred component compounds are shown. Sixth, additives that may be added to the composition are described. Seventh, the method for synthesizing the component compounds will be explained. Finally, the use of the composition will be explained.

First, the constitution of the composition will be explained. This composition contains a plurality of liquid crystalline compounds. This composition may contain additives. Additives include optically active compounds, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, quenchers, dyes, antifoaming agents, polymerizable compounds, polymerization initiators, polymerization inhibitors, polar compounds, and the like. This composition is classified into composition A and composition B from the viewpoint of the liquid crystalline compound. Composition A may further contain other liquid crystalline compounds, additives, etc., in addition to the liquid crystalline compound selected from compound (1), compound (2) and compound (3). "Other liquid crystalline compounds" are liquid crystalline compounds different from compound (1), compound (2) and compound (3). Such compounds are incorporated into the composition for the purpose of further adjusting its properties.

Composition B consists essentially of a liquid crystalline compound selected from compound (1), compound (2) and compound (3). "Substantially" means that composition B may contain additives, but does not contain other liquid crystalline compounds. Composition B has fewer components than Composition A. Composition B is preferable to composition A from the viewpoint of cost reduction. Composition A is preferable to composition B from the viewpoint that the properties can be further adjusted by mixing other liquid crystalline compounds.

式（１）において、Ｒ^１及びＲ^２は、炭素数１から１２のアルキル、炭素数１から１２のアルコキシ、炭素数２から１２のアルケニル、又は少なくとも１つの水素がフッ素又は塩素で置き換えられた炭素数２から１２のアルケニルであり；環Ａ及び環Ｂは、１，４－シクロヘキシレン、１，４－フェニレン、２－フルオロ－１，４－フェニレン、又は２，５－ジフルオロ－１，４－フェニレンであり；Ｚ^１は、単結合、エチレン、ビニレン、メチレンオキシ、又はカルボニルオキシであり；ａは、１、２、又は３である。 -First component-
First, the first component of the composition will be explained.
The liquid crystal composition contained in the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention contains at least one compound selected from compounds represented by formula (1) as a first component.

In formula (1), R ¹ and R ² are alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or at least one hydrogen is replaced with fluorine or chlorine. alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; ring A and ring B are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, or 2,5-difluoro-1,4 -phenylene; Z ¹ is a single bond, ethylene, vinylene, methyleneoxy, or carbonyloxy; a is 1, 2, or 3;

式（１－１）から式（１－１３）において、Ｒ^１及びＲ^２は、炭素数１から１２のアルキル、炭素数１から１２のアルコキシ、炭素数２から１２のアルケニル、又は少なくとも１つの水素がフッ素又は塩素で置き換えられた炭素数２から１２のアルケニルである。 The first component preferably contains at least one compound selected from compounds represented by formulas (1-1) to (1-13).

In formulas (1-1) to (1-13), R ¹ and R ² are alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or at least one It is alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in which hydrogen is replaced with fluorine or chlorine.

The ratio of the first component in the liquid crystal composition is preferably in the range of 10% by mass to 90% by mass.

式（２）において、Ｒ^３は炭素数１から１２のアルキル、炭素数１から１２のアルコキシ、又は炭素数２から１２のアルケニルであり；環Ｃは、１，４－シクロヘキシレン、１，４－フェニレン、２－フルオロ－１，４－フェニレン、２，３－ジフルオロ－１，４－フェニレン、２，６－ジフルオロ－１，４－フェニレン、ピリミジン－２，５－ジイル、１，３－ジオキサン－２，５－ジイル、又はテトラヒドロピラン－２，５－ジイルであり；Ｚ^２は、単結合、エチレン、メチレンオキシ、カルボニルオキシ、又はジフルオロメチレンオキシであり；Ｘ^１及びＸ^２は独立して、水素又はフッ素であり；Ｙ^１は、フッ素、塩素、少なくとも１つの水素がフッ素又は塩素で置き換えられた炭素数１から１２のアルキル、少なくとも１つの水素がフッ素又は塩素で置き換えられた炭素数１から１２のアルコキシ、又は少なくとも１つの水素がフッ素又は塩素で置き換えられた炭素数２から１２のアルケニルオキシであり；ｂは、１、２、３、又は４である。 -Second component-
Next, the second component will be explained.
The liquid crystal composition in the present invention may contain at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (2) as a second component.

In formula (2), R ³ is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; ring C is 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4 -phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,6-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane -2,5-diyl, or tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl; Z ² is a single bond, ethylene, methyleneoxy, carbonyloxy, or difluoromethyleneoxy; X ¹ and X ² are independently , hydrogen or fluorine; Y ¹ is fluorine, chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine, or carbon number 1 in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine b is 1, 2, 3, or 4;

It is preferable to contain at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (2-1) to (2-35) as the second component.

In formulas (2-1) to (2-35), R ³ is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms.

The ratio of the second component in the liquid crystal composition is preferably in the range of 10% by weight to 85% by weight.

式（３）において、Ｒ^４及びＲ^５は、水素、炭素数１から１２のアルキル、炭素数１から１２のアルコキシ、炭素数２から１２のアルケニル、又は炭素数２から１２のアルケニルオキシであり；環Ｄ及び環Ｆは、１，４－シクロヘキシレン、１，４－シクロヘキセニレン、テトラヒドロピラン－２，５－ジイル、１，４－フェニレン、少なくとも１つの水素がフッ素又は塩素で置き換えられた１，４－フェニレン、ナフタレン－２，６－ジイル、少なくとも１つの水素がフッ素又は塩素で置き換えられたナフタレン－２，６－ジイル、クロマン－２，６－ジイル、又は少なくとも１つの水素がフッ素又は塩素で置き換えられたクロマン－２，６－ジイルであり；環Ｅは、２，３－ジフルオロ－１，４－フェニレン、２－クロロ－３－フルオロ－１，４－フェニレン、２，３－ジフルオロ－５－メチル－１，４－フェニレン、３，４，５－トリフルオロナフタレン－２，６－ジイル、７，８－ジフルオロクロマン－２，６－ジイル、３，４，５，６－テトラフルオロフルオレン－２，７－ジイル、４，６－ジフルオロジベンゾフラン－３，７－ジイル、４，６－ジフルオロジベンゾチオフェン－３，７－ジイル、又は１，１，６，７－テトラフルオロインダン－２，５－ジイルであり；Ｚ^３及びＺ^４は、単結合、エチレン、メチレンオキシ、又はカルボニルオキシであり；ｃは、０、１、２、又は３であり、ｄは、０又は１であり、そしてｃ及びｄの和は、３以下である。 -Third component-
Next, the third component will be explained.
The liquid crystal composition in the present invention may contain at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (3) as a third component.

In formula (3), R ⁴ and R ⁵ are hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or alkenyloxy having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. ring D and ring F are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1,4-phenylene, at least one hydrogen replaced by fluorine or chlorine; 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine, chroman-2,6-diyl, or at least one hydrogen is fluorine or chroman-2,6-diyl substituted with chlorine; ring E is 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2-chloro-3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,3-difluoro -5-methyl-1,4-phenylene, 3,4,5-trifluoronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 7,8-difluorochroman-2,6-diyl, 3,4,5,6-tetrafluoro fluorene-2,7-diyl, 4,6-difluorodibenzofuran-3,7-diyl, 4,6-difluorodibenzothiophene-3,7-diyl, or 1,1,6,7-tetrafluoroindane-2, 5-diyl; Z ³ and Z ⁴ are a single bond, ethylene, methyleneoxy, or carbonyloxy; c is 0, 1, 2, or 3; d is 0 or 1; and the sum of c and d is 3 or less.

式（３－１）から式（３－３５）において、Ｒ^４及びＲ^５は、水素、炭素数１から１２のアルキル、炭素数１から１２のアルコキシ、炭素数２から１２のアルケニル、又は炭素数２から１２のアルケニルオキシである。 It is preferable to contain at least one compound selected from compounds represented by formulas (3-1) to (3-35) as the third component.

In formulas (3-1) to (3-35), R ⁴ and R ⁵ are hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or carbon alkenyloxy of numbers 2 to 12;

The proportion of the third component is preferably in the range of 10% by mass to 90% by mass.

Second, the main properties of the component compound and the main effect of this compound on the composition or device are described. The main properties of the component compounds are summarized in Table 2 based on the effects of the present invention. In the symbols in Table 2, L means large or high, M medium, and S small or low. The symbols L, M, S are classifications based on qualitative comparisons between component compounds, with 0 (zero) meaning less than S.

The main effects of the component compounds are as follows. Compound (1) lowers the viscosity or raises the maximum temperature. Compound (2) increases dielectric anisotropy. Compound (3) raises the dielectric anisotropy and lowers the minimum temperature.

Thirdly, the combination of components in the composition, the preferred proportions of the component compounds and the grounds thereof will be explained. Preferred combinations of ingredients in the composition are compound (1) + compound (2), compound (1) + compound (3), or compound (1) + compound (2) + compound (3). A more preferred combination is compound (1)+compound (2) or compound (1)+compound (3).

A preferable ratio of compound (1) is about 10% by mass or more for increasing the maximum temperature or decreasing the viscosity, and about 90% by mass or less for increasing the dielectric anisotropy. A more preferred proportion ranges from about 20% to about 80% by weight. A particularly preferred percentage is in the range of about 30% to about 70% by weight.

A preferable proportion of compound (2) is about 10% by mass or more for increasing the dielectric anisotropy, and about 85% by mass or less for lowering the minimum temperature or viscosity. A more preferred proportion ranges from about 20% to about 80% by weight. A particularly preferred percentage is in the range of about 30% to about 70% by weight.

A preferable ratio of compound (3) is about 10% by mass or more for increasing the dielectric anisotropy, and about 90% by mass or less for lowering the minimum temperature. A more preferred proportion ranges from about 20% to about 80% by weight. A particularly preferred percentage is in the range of about 30% to about 70% by weight.

Fourth, preferred forms of component compounds are described.

In Formula (1), Formula (2), and Formula (3), R ¹ and R ² are alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or at least C2-C12 alkenyl in which one hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine. Preferred R ¹ or R ² is alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms for reducing viscosity and alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms for increasing stability. R ³ is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons. Preferred R ³ is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms to increase stability. R ⁴ and R ⁵ are hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or alkenyloxy having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. Preferred R ⁴ or R ⁵ is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms for increasing stability, and alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms for increasing dielectric anisotropy.

Preferred alkyls are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl or octyl. More preferred alkyls are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, or pentyl to reduce viscosity.

Preferred alkoxy are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy or heptyloxy. More preferred alkoxy is methoxy or ethoxy for reducing viscosity.

Preferred alkenyls are vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, or 5-hexenyl. More preferred alkenyls are vinyl, 1-propenyl, 3-butenyl, or 3-pentenyl to reduce viscosity. The preferred configuration of -CH=CH- in these alkenyls depends on the position of the double bond. Trans is preferred in alkenyls such as 1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 3-pentenyl, and 3-hexenyl in order to lower the viscosity. Cis is preferred in alkenyls such as 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl.

Preferred alkenyloxy are vinyloxy, allyloxy, 3-butenyloxy, 3-pentenyloxy or 4-pentenyloxy. A more preferred alkenyloxy for reducing viscosity is allyloxy or 3-butenyloxy.

Preferred examples of alkyl in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine are fluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 5-fluoropentyl, 6-fluorohexyl, 7-fluoroheptyl , or 8-fluorooctyl. More preferred examples are 2-fluoroethyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 4-fluorobutyl, or 5-fluoropentyl for increasing dielectric anisotropy.

Preferred examples of alkenyl in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine are 2,2-difluorovinyl, 3,3-difluoro-2-propenyl, 4,4-difluoro-3-butenyl, 5,5-difluoro -4-pentenyl, or 6,6-difluoro-5-hexenyl. Further preferred examples are 2,2-difluorovinyl or 4,4-difluoro-3-butenyl to reduce viscosity.

Ring A and ring B are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, or 2,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene. Preferred ring A or ring B is 1,4-cyclohexylene for lowering the viscosity or raising the maximum temperature, and 1,4-phenylene for lowering the minimum temperature.

又は

であり、好ましくは

である。 Ring C is 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,6-difluoro-1,4-phenylene , pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, or tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl. Preferred ring C is 1,4-cyclohexylene for increasing the maximum temperature, 1,4-phenylene for increasing optical anisotropy, and 2,6-difluoro for increasing dielectric anisotropy. -1,4-phenylene. Tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl is

or

and preferably

is.

又は

であり、好ましくは

である。 Ring D and ring F are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1,4-phenylene, and 1 in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine. ,4-phenylene, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine, chroman-2,6-diyl, or at least one hydrogen is fluorine or chlorine is chroman-2,6-diyl replaced with Tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl is

or

and preferably

is.

好ましい環Ｅは、粘度を下げるために２，３－ジフルオロ－１，４－フェニレンであり、光学異方性を下げるために２－クロロ－３－フルオロ－１，４－フェニレンであり、誘電率異方性を上げるために７，８－ジフルオロクロマン－２，６－ジイルである。 Ring E is 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2-chloro-3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,3-difluoro-5-methyl-1,4-phenylene, 3,4, 5-trifluoronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 7,8-difluorochroman-2,6-diyl, 3,4,5,6-tetrafluorofluorene-2,7-diyl (FLF4), 4,6- Difluorodibenzofuran-3,7-diyl (DBFF2), 4,6-difluorodibenzothiophene-3,7-diyl (DBTF2), or 1,1,6,7-tetrafluoroindane-2,5-diyl (InF4) is.

Preferred ring E is 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene for lowering viscosity, 2-chloro-3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene for lowering optical anisotropy, dielectric constant It is 7,8-difluorochroman-2,6-diyl to increase anisotropy.

Z ¹ is a single bond, ethylene, vinylene, methyleneoxy, or carbonyloxy. Preferred Z ¹ is a single bond to reduce viscosity. ^Z2 is a single bond, ethylene, vinylene, methyleneoxy, carbonyloxy, or difluoromethyleneoxy. Preferred ^Z2 is a single bond for lowering viscosity and difluoromethyleneoxy for increasing dielectric anisotropy. ^Z3 and Z4 ^are a single bond, ethylene, vinylene, methyleneoxy, or carbonyloxy. Preferred ^Z3 or ^Z4 is a single bond for lowering the viscosity, ethylene for lowering the minimum temperature, and methyleneoxy for increasing the dielectric anisotropy.

a is 1, 2, or 3; Preferably, a is 1 for lowering the viscosity, and 2 or 3 for raising the maximum temperature. b is 1, 2, 3, or 4; Desirable b is 2 or 3 in order to increase the dielectric anisotropy. c is 0, 1, 2, or 3, d is 0 or 1, and the sum of c and d is 3 or less. Preferably, c is 1 for lowering the viscosity, and 2 or 3 for raising the maximum temperature. Desirable d is 0 for lowering the viscosity and 1 for lowering the minimum temperature.

Fifth, preferred component compounds are described.
Preferred compounds (1) are the above compounds (1-1) to (1-13). In these compounds, at least one of the first components is compound (1-1), compound (1-3), compound (1-5), compound (1-6), or compound (1-8) is preferred. at least two of the first components are compound (1-1) and compound (1-3), compound (1-1) and compound (1-5), or compound (1-1) and compound (1-6) is preferably a combination of

Preferred compounds (2) are the above compounds (2-1) to (2-35). In these compounds, at least one of the second components is compound (2-4), compound (2-12), compound (2-14), compound (2-15), compound (2-17), compound ( 2-18), compound (2-23), compound (2-24), compound (2-27), compound (2-29), or compound (2-30). at least two of the second components are compound (2-12) and compound (2-15), compound (2-14) and compound (2-27), compound (2-18) and compound (2-24), A combination of compound (2-18) and compound (2-29), compound (2-24) and compound (2-29), or compound (2-29) and compound (2-30) is preferred.

Preferred compounds (3) are the above compounds (3-1) to (3-35). In these compounds, at least one of the third components is compound (3-1), compound (3-3), compound (3-6), compound (3-8), compound (3-10), compound ( 3-14), or compound (3-16). at least two of the third components are compound (3-1) and compound (3-8), compound (3-1) and compound (3-14), compound (3-3) and compound (3-8), compound (3-3) and compound (3-14), compound (3-3) and compound (3-16), compound (3-6) and compound (3-8), compound (3-6) and compound A combination of (3-10), compound (3-6) and compound (3-16), and compound (3-10) and compound (3-16) is preferred.

Sixth, additives that may be added to the composition are described. Such additives include optically active compounds, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, quenchers, dyes, antifoaming agents, polymerizable compounds, polymerization initiators, polymerization inhibitors, polar compounds, and the like. An optically active compound is added to the composition for the purpose of inducing a helical structure of liquid crystal molecules to give a twist angle. Examples of such compounds are compounds (4-1) to (4-5). A preferred proportion of the optically active compound is about 5 mass % or less. A more preferred proportion ranges from about 0.01% to about 2% by weight.

In order to prevent a decrease in specific resistance due to heating in the atmosphere, or to maintain a large voltage holding ratio not only at room temperature but also at temperatures close to the upper limit temperature after using the device for a long time, the compound (5-1 ) to compound (5-3) may further be added to the composition.

Since compound (5-2) has low volatility, it is effective in maintaining a large voltage holding ratio not only at room temperature but also at temperatures close to the upper limit temperature after the device has been used for a long time. A preferable proportion of the antioxidant is about 50 ppm or more to obtain its effect, and about 600 ppm or less so as not to lower the upper limit temperature or raise the lower limit temperature. A more preferred percentage is in the range of about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm.

Preferred examples of UV absorbers are benzophenone derivatives, benzoate derivatives, triazole derivatives and the like. Light stabilizers such as sterically hindered amines are also preferred. Preferred examples of light stabilizers include compounds (6-1) to (6-16). A preferable ratio of these absorbents and stabilizers is about 50 ppm or more to obtain the effect, and about 10000 ppm or less so as not to lower the upper limit temperature or raise the lower limit temperature. More preferred proportions range from about 100 ppm to about 10,000 ppm.

A quenching agent is a compound that receives light energy absorbed by a liquid crystal compound and converts it into heat energy, thereby preventing decomposition of the liquid crystal compound. Preferred examples of the quenching agent include compounds (7-1) to (7-7). A preferable ratio of these quenchers is about 50 ppm or more to obtain the effect, and about 20000 ppm or less so as not to raise the lower limit temperature. More preferred proportions range from about 100 ppm to about 10,000 ppm.

Dichroic dyes such as azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, etc. are added to the composition in order to match the GH (guest host) mode device. Preferred percentages of pigment range from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight. Antifoaming agents such as dimethylsilicone oil, methylphenylsilicone oil, etc. are added to the composition to prevent foaming. A preferable proportion of the antifoaming agent is about 1 ppm or more to obtain its effect, and about 1000 ppm or less to prevent display defects. More preferred percentages range from about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm.

Preferred examples of such polymerizable compounds that are used to accommodate polymer-supported alignment (PSA) type devices include acrylates, methacrylates, vinyl compounds, vinyloxy compounds, propenyl ethers, epoxy compounds (oxirane, oxetane) and vinyl ketones. Further preferred examples are derivatives of acrylates or methacrylates. A preferred proportion of compound (4) is 10% by mass or more based on the total mass of the polymerizable compound. A more preferable ratio is 50% by mass or more. A particularly preferable ratio is 80% by mass or more. The most preferred proportion is 100% by mass.

The polymerizable compound is polymerized by UV irradiation. Polymerization may be carried out in the presence of a suitable initiator such as a photoinitiator. Suitable conditions for polymerization, suitable types of initiators, and suitable amounts are known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature. For example, the photoinitiators Irgacure 651 (registered trademark from BASF), Irgacure 184 (registered trademark from BASF) or Darocur 1173 (registered trademark from BASF) are suitable for radical polymerization. A preferred proportion of photoinitiator ranges from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight based on the total weight of the polymerizable compound. A more preferred proportion ranges from about 1% to about 3% by weight.

A polymerization inhibitor may be added to prevent polymerization during storage of the polymerizable compound. The polymerizable compound is usually added to the composition without removing the polymerization inhibitor. Examples of polymerization inhibitors are hydroquinone, hydroquinone derivatives such as methylhydroquinone, 4-t-butylcatechol, 4-methoxyphenol, phenothiazine and the like.

A polar compound is an organic compound that has polarity. Compounds with ionic bonds are not included here. Atoms such as oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen are more electronegative and tend to have a partial negative charge. Carbon and hydrogen tend to be neutral or have a partial positive charge. Polarity results from the uneven distribution of partial charges between different atoms in a compound. For example, a polar compound has at least one substructure such as —OH, —COOH, —SH, —NH ₂ , >NH, >N—.

Seventh, the method for synthesizing the component compounds will be explained. These compounds can be synthesized by known methods. Exemplify synthetic methods. Compound (1-1) is synthesized by the method described in JP-A-59-176221. Compound (2-4) is synthesized by the method described in JP-A-10-204016. Compound (3-1) is synthesized by the method described in JP-A-2000-053602. Antioxidants are commercially available. Compound (5-1) is available from Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich Corporation). Compound (5-2) and the like are synthesized by the method described in US Pat. No. 3,660,505.

Compounds for which the synthesis method is not described are Organic Syntheses (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.), Organic Reactions (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.). Organic Synthesis, Pergamon Press) and Shin Jikken Kagaku Koza (Maruzen). Compositions are prepared by known methods from the compounds thus obtained. For example, the component compounds are mixed and dissolved together by heating.

Finally, the use of the composition will be explained. This composition mainly has a lower temperature limit of about -10°C or less, an upper temperature limit of about 70°C or more, and an optical anisotropy in the range of about 0.07 to about 0.20. A composition having an optical anisotropy in the range of about 0.08 to about 0.25 may be prepared by controlling the proportions of the component compounds or by mixing other liquid crystalline compounds. Compositions having optical anisotropy in the range of about 0.10 to about 0.30 may be prepared by trial and error. A device containing this composition has a large voltage holding ratio. This composition is suitable for AM devices. This composition is particularly suitable for transmissive AM devices. This composition can be used as a composition having a nematic phase, and can be used as an optically active composition by adding an optically active compound.

This composition can be used for AM devices. Furthermore, it can also be used for PM elements. This composition can be used for AM and PM devices with modes such as PC, TN, STN, ECB, OCB, IPS, FFS, VA, FPA. The use in AM devices with TN, OCB, IPS mode or FFS mode is particularly preferred. In an AM device having an IPS mode or FFS mode, the alignment of liquid crystal molecules may be parallel or perpendicular to the glass substrate when no voltage is applied. These elements may be reflective, transmissive or transflective. Use in transmissive devices is preferred. Use with amorphous silicon-TFT devices or polycrystalline silicon-TFT devices is also possible. NCAP (nematic curvilinear aligned phase) type devices produced by microencapsulating this composition, and PD (polymer dispersion) type devices in which a three-dimensional network polymer is formed in the composition can also be used.

(Preparation example)
Next, preparation examples of the liquid crystal composition of the present invention will be described. In addition, the liquid crystal composition is not limited to the following preparation examples. The synthesized compounds were identified by methods such as NMR analysis. Properties of compounds, compositions, and devices were measured by the methods described below.

NMR analysis: DRX-500 manufactured by Bruker Biospin was used for the measurement. In the ¹ H-NMR measurement, the sample was dissolved in a deuterated solvent such as CDCl ₃ and the measurement was performed at room temperature at 500 MHz with 16 integration times. Tetramethylsilane was used as an internal standard. In the ¹⁹ F-NMR measurement, CFCl ₃ was used as an internal standard, and 24 integration times were performed. In the description of nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, s means singlet, d doublet, t triplet, q quartet, quin quintet, sex sextet, m multiplet, and br broad.

Gas chromatographic analysis: A GC-14B type gas chromatograph manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation was used for the measurement. Carrier gas is helium (2 mL/min). The sample vaporization chamber was set at 280°C and the detector (FID) at 300°C. A capillary column DB-1 manufactured by Agilent Technologies Inc. (length 30 m, inner diameter 0.32 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm; stationary liquid phase is dimethylpolysiloxane; nonpolar) was used for separation of component compounds. The column was held at 200°C for 2 minutes and then heated to 280°C at a rate of 5°C/min. After the sample was prepared in an acetone solution (0.1% by mass), 1 μL of the solution was injected into the sample vaporization chamber. The recorder is C-R5A type Chromatopac manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation or its equivalent. The resulting gas chromatogram showed the peak retention times and peak areas corresponding to the component compounds.

Chloroform, hexane, or the like may be used as a solvent for diluting the sample. The following capillary columns may be used to separate the component compounds. HP-1 manufactured by Agilent Technologies Inc. (length 30 m, inner diameter 0.32 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm), Rtx-1 manufactured by Restek Corporation (length 30 m, inner diameter 0.32 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm), BP-1 manufactured by SGE International Pty. Ltd. (length 30 m, inner diameter 0.32 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm). For the purpose of preventing overlapping of compound peaks, a capillary column CBP1-M50-025 (length 50 m, inner diameter 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation may be used.

The ratio of the liquid crystalline compound contained in the composition may be calculated by the following method. A mixture of liquid crystalline compounds is analyzed by gas chromatography (FID). The peak area ratio in the gas chromatogram corresponds to the ratio of the liquid crystalline compound. When using the capillary column described above, the correction factor for each liquid crystalline compound may be considered to be 1. Therefore, the proportion (% by mass) of the liquid crystalline compound can be calculated from the peak area ratio.

Measurement sample: When measuring the properties of the composition or device, the composition was used as a sample as it was. When measuring the properties of the compound, a sample for measurement was prepared by mixing this compound (15% by mass) with mother liquid crystals (85% by mass). The characteristic value of the compound was calculated by extrapolation from the value obtained by the measurement. (Extrapolated value)={(measured value of sample)−0.85×(measured value of mother liquid crystal)}/0.15. When the smectic phase (or crystal) precipitates at 25°C in this ratio, the ratio of the compound to the mother liquid crystal is 10% by mass: 90% by mass, 5% by mass: 95% by mass, and 1% by mass: 99% by mass in this order. changed. By this extrapolation method, the maximum temperature, optical anisotropy, viscosity, and dielectric anisotropy values for the compound were obtained.

The following mother liquid crystals were used. The proportions of component compounds are shown in weight %.

Measurement method: Properties were measured by the following methods. Many of these are methods described in the JEITA standard (JEITA ED-2521B) deliberated and established by the Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association (JEITA), or modified methods was the method. A thin film transistor (TFT) was not attached to the TN device used for the measurement.

For the liquid crystal composition having positive dielectric anisotropy, the measurement methods (1) to (15) described below were used.

(1) Upper limit temperature of nematic phase (NI; °C): A sample was placed on a hot plate of a melting point measuring apparatus equipped with a polarizing microscope and heated at a rate of 1 °C/min. The temperature was measured when part of the sample changed from the nematic phase to the isotropic liquid. The upper limit temperature of the nematic phase is sometimes abbreviated as "upper limit temperature".

(2) Minimum temperature of nematic phase (T _C ; °C): A sample having a nematic phase was placed in a glass bottle and placed in a freezer at 0°C, -10°C, -20°C, -30°C, and -40°C for 10 days. After storage, the liquid crystal phase was observed. For example, when a sample remained in a nematic phase at -20°C and changed to a crystalline or smectic phase at -30°C, the T _C was described as < -20°C. The lower limit temperature of the nematic phase is sometimes abbreviated as "lower limit temperature".

(3) Viscosity (bulk viscosity; η; measured at 20° C.; mPa·s): An E-type rotational viscometer manufactured by Tokyo Keiki Co., Ltd. was used for measurement.

(4) Viscosity (rotational viscosity; γ1; measured at 25°C; mPa s): Measurement is performed according to the method described in M. Imai et al., Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, Vol. 259, 37 (1995). obeyed. A sample was placed in a TN device in which the twist angle was 0 degree and the interval (cell gap) between the two glass substrates was 5 μm. A voltage of 16 V to 19.5 V was applied to the device in steps of 0.5 V. After 0.2 seconds of no application, application was repeated under the conditions of only one rectangular wave (rectangular pulse; 0.2 seconds) and no application (2 seconds). The peak current and peak time of the transient current generated by this application were measured. Rotational viscosity values were obtained from these measurements and equation (10) given on page 40 of M. Imai et al. The value of the dielectric anisotropy required for this calculation was obtained by the method described below using the device for which the rotational viscosity was measured.

(5) Optical anisotropy (refractive index anisotropy; Δn; measured at 25° C.): Measurement was performed with an Abbe refractometer equipped with a polarizing plate attached to an eyepiece using light with a wavelength of 589 nm. After rubbing the surface of the main prism in one direction, the sample was dropped onto the main prism. The refractive index n∥ was measured when the direction of polarization was parallel to the rubbing direction. The refractive index n⊥ was measured when the polarization direction was perpendicular to the rubbing direction. The value of optical anisotropy was calculated from the formula Δn=n∥−n⊥.

(6) Dielectric anisotropy (Δε; measured at 25° C.): A sample was placed in a TN device in which the distance (cell gap) between two glass substrates was 9 μm and the twist angle was 80 degrees. A sine wave (10 V, 1 kHz) was applied to this device, and after 2 seconds the permittivity (ε∥) in the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal molecules was measured. A sine wave (0.5 V, 1 kHz) was applied to this device, and after 2 seconds the permittivity (ε⊥) in the minor axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules was measured. The value of dielectric anisotropy was calculated from the formula Δε=ε∥−ε⊥.

(7) Threshold voltage (Vth; measured at 25° C.; V): A luminance meter LCD5100 manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. was used for the measurement. The light source was a halogen lamp. A sample was placed in a normally white mode TN device in which the distance (cell gap) between the two glass substrates was 0.45/Δn (μm) and the twist angle was 80 degrees. The voltage (32 Hz, square wave) applied to this device was increased stepwise from 0 V to 10 V by 0.02 V. At this time, the device was irradiated with light from a vertical direction, and the amount of light transmitted through the device was measured. A voltage-transmittance curve was prepared in which the transmittance was 100% when the amount of light was maximum and the transmittance was 0% when the amount of light was minimum. The threshold voltage was expressed as the voltage when the transmittance reached 90%.

(8) Voltage holding ratio (VHR-1; measured at 25° C.; %): The TN device used for measurement had a polyimide alignment film, and the distance between the two glass substrates (cell gap) was 5 μm. . The device was sealed with a UV curable adhesive after the sample was placed. This TN device was charged by applying a pulse voltage (1 V for 60 microseconds). The decaying voltage was measured with a high-speed voltmeter for 166.7 milliseconds, and the area A between the voltage curve and the horizontal axis in a unit period was obtained. Area B was the area when there was no attenuation. The voltage holding ratio was expressed as a percentage of area A with respect to area B.

(9) Voltage holding rate (VHR-2; measured at 60°C; %): The voltage holding rate was measured in the same procedure as in (8) above, except that the measurement was made at 60°C instead of 25°C. The obtained value was expressed as VHR-2.

(10) Voltage holding ratio (VHR-3; measured at 60° C.; %): After irradiation with ultraviolet rays, the voltage holding ratio was measured to evaluate the stability against ultraviolet rays. The TN device used for measurement had a polyimide alignment film and a cell gap of 5 μm. A sample was injected into this device and irradiated with ultraviolet rays of 5 mW/cm ² for 167 minutes. The light source was a black light F40T10/BL (peak wavelength 369 nm) manufactured by Eye Graphics Co., Ltd., and the distance between the element and the light source was 5 mm. The VHR-3 measurement measured the decaying voltage over a period of 166.7 milliseconds. A composition with a large VHR-3 has a large UV stability.

(11) Voltage holding rate (VHR-4; measured at 60°C; %): After heating the TN element into which the sample was injected in a constant temperature chamber at 120°C for 20 hours, the voltage holding rate was measured and the stability against heat was measured. evaluated. The VHR-4 measurement measured the voltage decaying over 166.7 milliseconds. Compositions with large VHR-4 have greater thermal stability.

(12) Response time (τ; measured at 25° C.; ms): A luminance meter LCD5100 manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. was used for the measurement. The light source was a halogen lamp. A Low-pass filter was set at 5 kHz. A sample was placed in the element of the present invention. A voltage (32 Hz, rectangular wave) was applied to the device while increasing stepwise from 0 V to 10 V by 0.02 V. At this time, the device was irradiated with light from a vertical direction, and the amount of light transmitted through the device was measured. Assuming that the transmittance at the maximum amount of light was 100%, the voltage at which the transmittance reached ₉₀ % was defined as V90. A square wave (60 Hz, V ₉₀ V, 0.5 seconds) was applied to this device. At this time, the device was irradiated with light from a vertical direction, and the amount of light transmitted through the device was measured. It was considered that the transmittance was 100% when the amount of light was maximum, and the transmittance was 0% when the amount of light was minimum. Rise time (τr: rise time; milliseconds) is the time required for the transmittance to change from 10% to 90%. The fall time (τf: millisecond) is the time required for the transmittance to change from 90% to 10%. The response time was expressed as the sum of the rise time and fall time obtained in this manner.

(13) Elastic constant (K; measured at 25° C.; pN): HP4284A LCR meter manufactured by Yokogawa-Hewlett-Packard Co., Ltd. was used for measurement. A sample was placed in a horizontally aligned element in which the interval (cell gap) between two glass substrates was 20 μm. A charge of 0 to 20 volts was applied to this device, and the capacitance and applied voltage were measured. The values of the measured capacitance (C) and applied voltage (V) are fitted using equations (2.98) and (2.101) on page 75 of “Liquid Crystal Device Handbook” (Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun). and the values of K11 and K33 were obtained from equation (2.99). Next, K22 was calculated using the previously obtained values of K11 and K33 in formula (3.18) on page 171 of the same. The elastic constant was represented by the average value of K11, K22, and K33 obtained in this way.

(14) Specific resistance (.rho.; measured at 25.degree. C.; .OMEGA.cm): 1.0 mL of a sample was poured into a container equipped with electrodes. A DC voltage (10 V) was applied to this container, and the DC current was measured after 10 seconds. The specific resistance was calculated from the following formula. (Specific resistance)={(Voltage)×(Electric capacity of container)}/{(DC current)×(Vacuum permittivity)}.

(15) Dielectric constant in the minor axis direction (ε⊥; measured at 25°C): A sample was placed in a TN device in which the distance (cell gap) between two glass substrates was 9 µm and the twist angle was 80 degrees. . A sine wave (0.5 V, 1 kHz) was applied to this device, and after 2 seconds the permittivity (ε⊥) in the minor axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules was measured.

For the liquid crystal composition having negative dielectric anisotropy, the measurement methods (16) to (28) described below were used.

(16) Upper limit temperature of nematic phase (NI; °C): A sample was placed on a hot plate of a melting point measuring apparatus equipped with a polarizing microscope and heated at a rate of 1 °C/min. The temperature was measured when part of the sample changed from the nematic phase to the isotropic liquid. The upper limit temperature of the nematic phase is sometimes abbreviated as "upper limit temperature".

(17) Minimum temperature of nematic phase ( _TC ; °C): A sample having a nematic phase was placed in a glass bottle and placed in a freezer at 0°C, -10°C, -20°C, -30°C, and -40°C for 10 days. After storage, the liquid crystal phase was observed. For example, when a sample remained in a nematic phase at -20°C and changed to a crystalline or smectic phase at -30°C, the T _C was described as < -20°C. The lower limit temperature of the nematic phase is sometimes abbreviated as "lower limit temperature".

(18) Viscosity (bulk viscosity; η; measured at 20° C.; mPa·s): E-type rotational viscometer manufactured by Tokyo Keiki Co., Ltd. was used for measurement.

(19) Viscosity (rotational viscosity; γ1; measured at 25° C.; mPa·s): For measurement, a rotational viscosity measurement system LCM-2 manufactured by Toyo Technica Co., Ltd. was used. A sample was injected into a VA device in which the interval (cell gap) between two glass substrates was 10 μm. A rectangular wave (55 V, 1 ms) was applied to this device. The peak current and peak time of the transient current generated by this application were measured. Using these measurements and the dielectric anisotropy, rotational viscosity values were obtained. Dielectric anisotropy was measured by the method described in measurement (6).

(20) Optical anisotropy (refractive index anisotropy; Δn; measured at 25° C.): Measurement was performed using light of a wavelength of 589 nm with an Abbe refractometer having a polarizing plate attached to an eyepiece. After rubbing the surface of the main prism in one direction, the sample was dropped onto the main prism. The refractive index n∥ was measured when the direction of polarization was parallel to the rubbing direction. The refractive index n⊥ was measured when the polarization direction was perpendicular to the rubbing direction. The value of optical anisotropy was calculated from the formula Δn=n∥−n⊥.

(21) Dielectric anisotropy (Δε; measured at 25° C.): The value of dielectric anisotropy was calculated from the formula Δε=ε∥−ε⊥. Dielectric constants (ε∥ and ε⊥) were measured as follows.
1) Measurement of dielectric constant (ε∥): A solution of octadecyltriethoxysilane (0.16 mL) in ethanol (20 mL) was applied to a well-cleaned glass substrate. After rotating the glass substrate with a spinner, it was heated at 150° C. for 1 hour. A sample was placed in a VA device in which the interval (cell gap) between two glass substrates was 4 μm, and this device was sealed with an ultraviolet curable adhesive. A sine wave (0.5 V, 1 kHz) was applied to this device, and after 2 seconds the permittivity (ε∥) in the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal molecules was measured.
2) Measurement of dielectric constant (ε⊥): A well-cleaned glass substrate was coated with a polyimide solution. After baking this glass substrate, the resulting alignment film was subjected to a rubbing treatment. A sample was placed in a TN device in which the distance (cell gap) between the two glass substrates was 9 μm and the twist angle was 80 degrees. A sine wave (0.5 V, 1 kHz) was applied to this device, and after 2 seconds the permittivity (ε⊥) in the minor axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules was measured.

(22) Threshold voltage (Vth; measured at 25° C.; V): A luminance meter LCD5100 manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. was used for the measurement. The light source was a halogen lamp. A sample is placed in a normally black mode VA element in which the distance (cell gap) between two glass substrates is 4 μm and the rubbing direction is anti-parallel, and an adhesive that cures this element with ultraviolet light is applied. It was sealed using The voltage (60 Hz, rectangular wave) applied to this device was increased stepwise from 0 V to 20 V by 0.02 V. At this time, the device was irradiated with light from a vertical direction, and the amount of light transmitted through the device was measured. A voltage-transmittance curve was prepared in which the transmittance was 100% when the amount of light was maximum and the transmittance was 0% when the amount of light was minimum. The threshold voltage was expressed as the voltage when the transmittance reached 10%.

(23) Voltage holding ratio (VHR-9; measured at 25°C; %): The TN device used for measurement had a polyimide alignment film, and the distance (cell gap) between the two glass substrates was 5 µm. . The device was sealed with a UV curable adhesive after the sample was placed. This TN device was charged by applying a pulse voltage (1 V for 60 microseconds). The decaying voltage was measured with a high-speed voltmeter for 166.7 milliseconds, and the area A between the voltage curve and the horizontal axis in a unit period was obtained. Area B was the area when there was no attenuation. The voltage holding ratio was expressed as a percentage of area A with respect to area B.

(24) Voltage holding rate (VHR-10; measured at 60°C; %): The voltage holding rate was measured in the same procedure as in (23) above, except that the measurement was made at 60°C instead of 25°C. The obtained value was expressed as VHR-10.

(25) Voltage holding ratio (VHR-11; measured at 60° C.; %): After irradiation with ultraviolet rays, the voltage holding ratio was measured to evaluate the stability against ultraviolet rays. The TN device used for measurement had a polyimide alignment film and a cell gap of 5 μm. A sample was injected into this device and irradiated with ultraviolet rays of 5 mW/cm ² for 167 minutes. The light source was a black light F40T10/BL (peak wavelength 369 nm) manufactured by Eye Graphics Co., Ltd., and the distance between the element and the light source was 5 mm. The VHR-11 measurement measured the decaying voltage over a period of 166.7 milliseconds. A composition with a large VHR-11 has a large UV stability.

(26) Voltage holding rate (VHR-12; measured at 60°C; %): After heating the TN element into which the sample was injected in a constant temperature chamber at 120°C for 20 hours, the voltage holding rate was measured and the stability against heat was measured. evaluated. The VHR-12 measurement measured a voltage decaying over 166.7 milliseconds. A composition with a large VHR-12 has a large thermal stability.

(27) Response time (τ; measured at 25°C; ms): A luminance meter LCD5100 manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. was used for the measurement. The light source was a halogen lamp. A Low-pass filter was set at 5 kHz. A sample was placed in the element of the present invention. A voltage (32 Hz, rectangular wave) was applied to the device while increasing stepwise from 0 V to 10 V by 0.02 V. At this time, the device was irradiated with light from a vertical direction, and the amount of light transmitted through the device was measured. Assuming that the transmittance at the maximum amount of light was 100%, the voltage at which the transmittance reached ₉₀ % was defined as V90. A rectangular wave (60 Hz, V ₉₀ V, 0.5 seconds) was applied to this device. At this time, the device was irradiated with light from a vertical direction, and the amount of light transmitted through the device was measured. It was considered that the transmittance was 100% when the amount of light was maximum, and the transmittance was 0% when the amount of light was minimum. Rise time (τr: rise time; milliseconds) is the time required for the transmittance to change from 10% to 90%. The fall time (τf: millisecond) is the time required for the transmittance to change from 90% to 10%. The response time was expressed as the sum of the rise time and fall time obtained in this way.

(28) Specific resistance (.rho.; measured at 25.degree. C.; .OMEGA.cm): 1.0 mL of a sample was poured into a container equipped with electrodes. A DC voltage (10 V) was applied to this container, and the DC current was measured after 10 seconds. The specific resistance was calculated from the following formula. (Specific resistance)={(Voltage)×(Electric capacity of container)}/{(DC current)×(Vacuum permittivity)}.

The liquid crystalline compounds in the composition are represented by symbols based on the definitions in Table 3 below. In Table 3, the configuration for 1,4-cyclohexylene is trans. The number in parenthesis after the symbol corresponds to the compound number. The symbol (-) means other liquid crystalline compounds. The ratio (percentage) of the liquid crystal compound is the mass percentage (mass %) based on the mass of the liquid crystal composition. Finally, the characteristic values of the composition are summarized.

Preparation examples of the composition are shown below.
[Composition M1]
3-HH-V (1-1) 22%
3-HH-V1 (1-1) 10%
5-HB-O2 (1-2) 5%
3-HHEH-3 (1-4) 3%
3-HBB-2 (1-6) 7%
5-B(F)BB-3 (1-7) 3%
5-HXB(F,F)-F(2-1) 3%
3-HHXB(F,F)-F(2-4) 6%
3-HGB(F,F)-F(2-6) 3%
3-HB(F)B(F,F)-F(2-9) 5%
3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F(2-18) 6%
3-HHBB(F,F)-F(2-19) 6%
5-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F)B(F,F)-F (2-31) 2%
3-BB (2F, 3F) XB (F, F)-F (2-32) 4%
3-HHB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2) 4%
3-HBB (2F, 3F) XB (F, F)-F (2) 5%
3-HB-CL (2) 3%
3-HHB-OCF3 (2) 3%
NI=77.2° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.101; Δε=5.8; Vth=1.88 V; η=13.7 mPa·s;

[Composition M2]
2-HH-5 (1-1) 8%
3-HH-V (1-1) 10%
3-HH-V1 (1-1) 7%
4-HH-V (1-1) 10%
4-HH-V1 (1-1) 8%
5-HB-O2 (1-2) 7%
4-HHEH-3 (1-4) 3%
V2-BB(F)B-1 (1-8) 3%
5-HXB(F,F)-F(2-1) 6%
3-HHXB(F,F)-F(2-4) 6%
V-HB(F)B(F,F)-F(2-9) 5%
3-HHB(F)B(F,F)-F(2-20) 7%
2-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F)-F (2-28) 3%
3-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F)-F (2-28) 3%
4-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F)-F (2-28) 4%
5-HB-CL (2) 5%
1O1-HBBH-3 (-) 5%
NI=78.5° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.095; Δε=3.4; Vth=1.50 V; η=8.4 mPa·s;

[Composition M3]
2-HH-3 (1-1) 8%
3-HH-V (1-1) 20%
3-HH-V1 (1-1) 7%
4-HH-V (1-1) 6%
5-HB-O2 (1-2) 5%
V2-B2BB-1 (1-9) 3%
3-HHEBH-3 (1-11) 5%
3-HHEBH-5 (1-11) 5%
3-HHEB(F,F)-F(2-3) 5%
3-HHXB(F,F)-F(2-4) 7%
5-HBEB(F,F)-F(2-10) 5%
3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F(2-18) 10%
2-HHB(F)B(F,F)-F(2-20) 3%
5-HHB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2) 6%
3-HBB (2F, 3F) XB (F, F)-F (2) 5%
NI=90.3° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.088; Δε=5.4; Vth=1.69 V; η=13.7 mPa·s;

[Composition M4]
2-HH-3 (1-1) 14%
2-HH-5 (1-1) 4%
3-HH-V (1-1) 26%
1V2-HH-3 (1-1) 5%
1V2-BB-1 (1-3) 3%
3-HB(F)HH-2 (1-10) 4%
5-HBB(F)B-2 (1-13) 6%
3-BB (2F, 5F) B-3 (1) 3%
3-HGB(F,F)-F(2-6) 3%
5-GHB(F,F)-F(2-7) 4%
3-GB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F(2-14) 5%
3-BB(F)B(F,F)-CF3 (2-16) 2%
3-HHBB(F,F)-F(2-19) 4%
3-GBB(F)B(F,F)-F(2-22) 2%
2-dhBB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F(2-25) 4%
3-HGB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2) 5%
3-dhB (F, F) B (F, F) XB (F) B (F, F) - F (2) 3%
7-HB(F,F)-F (2) 3%
NI=78.3° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.094; Δε=5.9; Vth=1.25 V; η=12.8 mPa·s;

[Composition M5]
3-HH-V (1-1) 30%
3-HH-V1 (1-1) 10%
1V2-HH-3 (1-1) 8%
3-HH-VFF (1-1) 8%
V2-BB-1 (1-3) 2%
5-HB(F)BH-3 (1-12) 5%
5-HBBH-3 (1) 5%
3-HHB(F,F)-F(2-2) 8%
3-GB(F)B(F,F)-F(2-12) 3%
3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F(2-18) 10%
3-GB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-27) 6%
5-GB(F,F)XB(F)B(F,F)-F (2) 5%
NI=76.6° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.088; Δε=5.5; Vth=1.81 V; η=12.1 mPa·s;

[Composition M6]
2-HH-5 (1-1) 5%
3-HH-V (1-1) 30%
3-HH-V1 (1-1) 3%
3-HH-VFF (1-1) 10%
3-HHB-1 (1-5) 4%
3-HHB-3 (1-5) 5%
3-HHB-O1 (1-5) 3%
3-HHEBH-3 (1-11) 3%
3-HHEBH-4 (1-11) 4%
3-HHEBH-5 (1-11) 3%
3-BB (2F, 5F) B-3 (1) 3%
3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F(2-18) 14%
3-dhB (F, F) B (F, F) XB (F) B (F, F) - F (2) 7%
7-HB(F,F)-F (2) 6%
NI=82.7° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.085; Δε=5.1; Vth=1.70 V; η=8.0 mPa·s;

[Composition M7]
2-HH-5 (1-1) 8%
3-HH-V (1-1) 28%
4-HH-V1 (1-1) 7%
5-HB-O2 (1-2) 2%
7-HB-1 (1-2) 5%
VFF-HHB-O1 (1-5) 8%
VFF-HHB-1 (1-5) 3%
3-HBB(F,F)-F(2-8) 5%
5-HBB(F,F)-F(2-8) 4%
3-BB(F)B(F,F)-F(2-15) 3%
3-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-29) 3%
4-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-29) 5%
3-BB(F,F)XB(F)B(F,F)-F (2-30) 3%
5-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F)B(F,F)-F (2-31) 4%
3-HH2BB(F,F)-F (2) 3%
4-HH2BB(F,F)-F (2) 3%
3-HBB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-14) 2%
2-BB (2F, 3F) B-3 (3-19) 4%
NI=81.9° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.109; Δε=4.8; Vth=1.75 V; η=13.3 mPa·s;

[Composition M8]
3-HH-5 (1-1) 4%
3-HH-V (1-1) 21%
3-HH-V1 (1-1) 3%
4-HH-V (1-1) 4%
1V2-HH-3 (1-1) 6%
5-B(F)BB-2 (1-7) 3%
5-B(F)BB-3 (1-7) 2%
3-HHEB(F,F)-F(2-3) 4%
3-HBEB(F,F)-F(2-10) 3%
5-HBEB(F,F)-F(2-10) 3%
3-BB(F)B(F,F)-F(2-15) 3%
3-HBBXB(F,F)-F(2-23) 6%
3-GB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-27) 5%
4-GB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-27) 5%
5-HHB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2) 3%
3-HGB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2) 4%
5-HEB(F,F)-F (2) 3%
5-HB-CL (2) 2%
3-HHB-OCF3 (2) 4%
3-HB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-1) 3%
3-BB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-6) 2%
3-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 4%
F3-HH-V (-) 3%
NI=78.1° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.100; Δε=6.6; Vth=1.50 V; η=16.2 mPa·s;

[Composition M9]
V-HH-V (1-1) 10%
V-HH-2V (1-1) 20%
1V-HH-V (1-1) 10%
3-HH-V (1-1) 15%
V2-BB-1 (1-3) 4%
1-BB(F)B-2V (1-8) 7%
2-BB(F)B-2V (1-8) 8%
3-HHEB(F,F)-F(2-3) 3%
3-HBEB(F,F)-F(2-10) 3%
3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F(2-18) 4%
3-HHB(F)B(F,F)-F(2-20) 3%
3-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-29) 5%
4-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-29) 5%
1O1-HBBH-5 (-) 3%
NI=74.3° C.; Tc≦−20° C.; Δn=0.111; Δε=3.0; Vth=2.39 V; η=11.0 mPa·s;

[Composition M10]
3-HH-V (1-1) 11%
1-BB-3 (1-3) 6%
3-HHB-1 (1-5) 4%
3-HHB-O1 (1-5) 4%
3-HBB-2 (1-6) 4%
3-B(F)BB-2 (1-7) 4%
3-HB(2F,3F)-O4 (3-1) 6%
3-H2B (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-2) 8%
3-H1OB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-3) 5%
3-BB(2F, 3F)-O2 (3-6) 10%
2-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 7%
3-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 7%
5-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 7%
2-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 4%
3-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 7%
5-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 6%
NI=87.6° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.126; Δε=−4.5; η=25.3 mPa·s.

[Composition M11]
3-HH-V (1-1) 27%
3-HH-V1 (1-1) 6%
V-HHB-1 (1-5) 5%
3-HB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-1) 5%
5-HB(2F,3F)-O2(3-1) 7%
3-BB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-6) 8%
3-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 5%
5-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 4%
3-HH1OB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-10) 5%
2-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 3%
3-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 9%
4-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 4%
5-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 8%
2-BB (2F, 3F) B-3 (3-19) 4%
NI=81.2° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.107; Δε=−3.2; η=15.5 mPa·s.

[Composition M12]
4-HH-V (1-1) 15%
3-HH-V1 (1-1) 6%
1-HH-2V1 (1-1) 6%
3-HH-2V1 (1-1) 4%
V2-BB-1 (1-3) 5%
1V2-BB-1 (1-3) 5%
3-HHB-1 (1-5) 3%
3-HB(F)BH-3(1-12) 4%
3-H2B (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-2) 7%
3-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 8%
3-HH1OB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-10) 8%
2-HchB(2F,3F)-O2(3-12) 8%
3-HDhB(2F,3F)-O2(3-13) 3%
5-HDhB(2F,3F)-O2(3-13) 4%
2-BB (2F, 3F) B-3 (3-19) 7%
2-BB (2F, 3F) B-4 (3-19) 7%
NI=88.2° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.115; Δε=−2.1; η=18.3 mPa·s.

[Composition M13]
2-HH-3 (1-1) 12%
1-BB-5 (1-3) 12%
3-HHB-1 (1-5) 4%
3-HHB-O1 (1-5) 3%
3-HBB-2 (1-6) 3%
V2-H2B (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-2) 8%
V2-H1OB (2F, 3F)-O4 (3-3) 4%
3-BB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-6) 7%
2-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 7%
3-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 7%
3-HH2B (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-9) 7%
5-HH2B (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-9) 4%
V-HH2B (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-9) 6%
V2-HBB(2F, 3F)-O2(3-14) 5%
V-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 5%
V-HBB (2F, 3F)-O4 (3-14) 6%
NI=89.9° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.122; Δε=−4.2; η=23.4 mPa·s.

[Composition M14]
3-HH-V (1-1) 27%
3-HH-V1 (1-1) 6%
V-HHB-1 (1-5) 3%
3-HB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-1) 3%
V-HB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-1) 3%
V2-HB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-1) 5%
5-H2B (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-2) 5%
V2-BB(2F, 3F)-O2 (3-6) 3%
1V2-BB(2F, 3F)-O2 (3-6) 3%
3-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 6%
V-HHB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-8) 6%
V-HHB (2F, 3F)-O4 (3-8) 5%
V2-HHB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-8) 4%
V-HHB(2F,3Cl)-O2 (3-11) 3%
V2-HBB(2F, 3F)-O2(3-14) 5%
V-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 4%
V-HBB (2F, 3F)-O4 (3-14) 5%
V2-BB (2F, 3F) B-1 (3-19) 4%
NI=77.1° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.101; Δε=−3.0; η=13.9 mPa·s.

[Composition M15]
2-HH-3 (1-1) 12%
1-BB-3 (1-3) 6%
3-HHB-1 (1-5) 3%
3-HHB-O1 (1-5) 4%
3-HBB-2 (1-6) 6%
3-B(F)BB-2 (1-7) 3%
3-HB(2F,3F)-O4 (3-1) 6%
3-H2B (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-2) 8%
3-H1OB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-3) 4%
3-BB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-6) 7%
2-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 6%
3-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 10%
5-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 8%
2-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 5%
3-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 7%
5-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 5%
NI=93.0° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.124; Δε=−4.5; η=25.0 mPa·s.

[Composition M16]
3-HH-V (1-1) 15%
3-HH-V1 (1-1) 6%
2-HH-3 (1-1) 9%
3-HH-5 (1-1) 3%
1V2-HH-3 (1-1) 3%
V-HB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-1) 7%
V2-BB(2F, 3F)-O2 (3-6) 10%
V-HHB (2F, 3F)-O1 (3-8) 7%
V-HHB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-8) 9%
V2-HHB(2F, 3F)-O2(3-8) 8%
3-HH2B (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-9) 9%
V-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 8%
V-HBB (2F, 3F)-O4 (3-14) 6%
NI=87.5° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.100; Δε=−3.4; η=18.9 mPa·s.

[Composition M17]
3-HH-V (1-1) 33%
V-HHB-1 (1-5) 3%
3-HB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-1) 7%
5-HB(2F,3F)-O2(3-1) 7%
3-BB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-6) 8%
3-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 4%
5-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 5%
3-HH1OB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-10) 5%
2-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 3%
3-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 8%
4-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 5%
5-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 8%
2-BB (2F, 3F) B-3 (3-19) 4%
NI=76.4° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.104; Δε=−3.2; η=15.6 mPa·s.

[Composition M18]
2-HH-3 (1-1) 5%
3-HH-VFF (1-1) 30%
1-BB-3 (1-3) 5%
3-HHB-1 (1-5) 3%
3-HBB-2 (1-6) 3%
2-H1OB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-3) 6%
3-H1OB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-3) 4%
3-BB(2F, 3F)-O2 (3-6) 3%
2-HH1OB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-10) 14%
2-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 7%
3-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 11%
5-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 9%
NI=78.3° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.103; Δε=−3.2; η=17.7 mPa·s.

[Composition M19]
3-HH-4 (1-1) 14%
V-HHB-1 (1-5) 10%
3-HBB-2 (1-6) 7%
V-HB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-1) 10%
V2-HB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-1) 10%
2-H1OB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-3) 3%
3-H1OB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-3) 3%
2O-BB(2F, 3F)-O2 (3-6) 3%
V2-BB(2F, 3F)-O2(3-6) 8%
V2-HHB(2F, 3F)-O2(3-8) 5%
V-HHB(2F,3Cl)-O2 (3-11) 7%
2-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 3%
3-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 3%
V-HBB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-14) 6%
V-HBB (2F, 3F)-O4 (3-14) 8%
NI=75.9° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.114; Δε=−3.9; η=24.7 mPa·s.

[Composition M20]
3-HH-V (1-1) 33%
3-HH-V1 (1-1) 5%
3-HB-O2 (1-2) 3%
1-BB-3 (1-3) 3%
3-HHB-1 (1-5) 6%
2-BB(F)B-3 (1-8) 2%
3-HB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-1) 3%
2O-B(2F)B(2F, 3F)-O2 (3-7) 5%
2O-B(2F)B(2F, 3F)-O4 (3-7) 12%
2-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 4%
3-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 8%
5-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 4%
3-dhBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-16) 8%
3-HB (2F, 3F) B-2 (3-17) 4%
NI=72.6° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.105; Δε=−2.5; η=15.7 mPa·s.

[Composition M21]
2-HH-3 (1-1) 12%
1-BB-5 (1-3) 12%
3-HHB-1 (1-5) 4%
3-HHB-O1 (1-5) 3%
3-HBB-2 (1-6) 3%
3-HB(2F,3F)-O4 (3-1) 6%
3-H2B (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-2) 8%
3-H1OB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-3) 4%
3-BB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-6) 7%
2-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 7%
3-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 7%
3-HH2B (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-9) 7%
5-HH2B (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-9) 4%
2-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 5%
3-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 5%
4-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 6%
NI=82.8° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.118; Δε=−4.4; η=22.5 mPa·s.

[Composition M22]
3-HH-V (1-1) 27%
3-HH-V1 (1-1) 6%
V-HHB-1 (1-5) 3%
3-HB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-1) 7%
5-HB(2F,3F)-O2(3-1) 7%
3-BB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-6) 8%
3-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 5%
5-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 4%
3-HH1OB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-10) 4%
2-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 3%
3-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 8%
4-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 5%
5-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 8%
2-BB (2F, 3F) B-3 (3-19) 5%
NI=78.1° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.107; Δε=−3.2; η=15.9 mPa·s.

[Composition M23]
3-HH-4 (1-1) 14%
V-HHB-1 (1-5) 10%
3-HBB-2 (1-6) 7%
3-HB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-1) 10%
5-HB(2F,3F)-O2(3-1) 10%
3-H2B (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-2) 8%
5-H2B (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-2) 8%
3-HDhB(2F,3F)-O2(3-13) 5%
2-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 6%
3-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 8%
4-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 7%
5-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 7%
NI=88.5° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.108; Δε=−3.8; η=24.6 mPa·s.

[Composition M24]
3-HH-V (1-1) 42%
3-HH-V1 (1-1) 5%
1-BB-3 (1-3) 3%
V-HHB-1 (1-5) 2%
2O-B(2F)B(2F, 3F)-O2 (3-7) 6%
2O-B(2F)B(2F, 3F)-O4 (3-7) 13%
2-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 4%
3-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 4%
3-HHB (2F, 3F)-1 (3-8) 4%
3-dhBB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-16) 5%
3-HB(2F)B(2F,3F)-O2 (3-18) 7%
V-H2BBB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-25) 5%
NI=71.8° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.103; Δε=−2.5; η=14.2 mPa·s.

[Composition M25]
5-HH-V (1-1) 18%
7-HB-1 (1-2) 5%
V-HHB-1 (1-5) 7%
V2-HHB-1 (1-5) 7%
3-HBB(F)B-3 (1-13) 8%
3-HB(2F,3F)-O4 (3-1) 15%
3-chB(2F,3F)-O2(3-5) 7%
2-HchB(2F,3F)-O2(3-12) 8%
3-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 8%
4-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 5%
5-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 7%
3-dhBB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-16) 5%
NI=98.8° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.111; Δε=−3.2; η=23.9 mPa·s.

[Composition M26]
3-HH-V (1-1) 11%
3-HH-VFF (1-1) 7%
F3-HH-V (1-1) 10%
3-HHEH-3 (1-4) 4%
3-HB(F)HH-2 (1-10) 4%
3-HHEBH-3 (1-11) 4%
3-H2B (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-2) 18%
5-H2B (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-2) 17%
3-HHB(2F,3Cl)-O2 (3-11) 5%
3-HDhB(2F,3F)-O2(3-13) 5%
3-HBB(2F,3Cl)-O2 (3-15) 8%
5-HBB(2F,3Cl)-O2 (3-15) 7%
NI=77.5° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.084; Δε=−2.6; η=22.8 mPa·s.

[Composition M27]
3-HH-V (1-1) 11%
1-BB-5 (1-3) 5%
3-HB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-1) 8%
3-H2B (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-2) 10%
3-BB(2F, 3F)-O2 (3-6) 10%
2O-BB(2F, 3F)-O2 (3-6) 3%
2-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 4%
3-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 7%
2-HHB (2F, 3F)-1 (3-8) 5%
3-HDhB(2F,3F)-O2(3-13) 6%
2-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 4%
3-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 7%
3-dhBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-16) 4%
2-BB (2F, 3F) B-3 (3-19) 6%
2-BB (2F, 3F) B-4 (3-19) 6%
3-HH1OCro(7F,8F)-5(3-27) 4%
NI=70.6° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.129; Δε=−4.3; η=27.0 mPa·s.

[Composition M28]
V-HH-V (1-1) 24%
V-HH-V1 (1-1) 20%
3-HB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-1) 5%
V2-BB(2F, 3F)-O2(3-6) 8%
3-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 6%
V-HHB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-8) 7%
V-HHB (2F, 3F)-O4 (3-8) 4%
2-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 2%
3-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 6%
V-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 7%
V-HBB (2F, 3F)-O4 (3-14) 6%
2-BB (2F, 3F) B-3 (3-19) 5%
NI=73.5° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.106; Δε=−2.7; η=17.0 mPa·s.

[Composition M29]
2-HH-3 (1-1) 19%
3-HHB-1 (1-5) 3%
V-HHB-1 (1-5) 10%
V2-HHB-1 (1-5) 10%
3-DhB(2F,3F)-O2(3-4) 5%
2-BB(2F,3F)-O2(3-6) 9%
3-BB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-6) 9%
3-HH2B (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-9) 6%
3-HDhB(2F,3F)-O2(3-13) 14%
2-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 2%
3-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 6%
V-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 7%
NI=86.0° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.110; Δε=−3.8; η=22.9 mPa·s.

[Composition M30]
3-HH-V (1-1) 40%
3-HH-V1 (1-1) 7%
V-HHB-1 (1-5) 4%
V2-HHB-1 (1-5) 9% 3-HHXB (F, F)-F (2-4) 3%
3-HBBXB(F,F)-F(2-23) 11%
4-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-29) 7%
5-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-29) 6%
3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F(2-32) 13%
NI=80.2° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.100; Δε=6.8; η=10.8 mPa·s.

[Composition M31]
3-HH-VFF (1-1) 13%
3-HHEBH-3 (1-11) 4%
V-HB (2F, 3F)-O2 (3-1) 8%
V-HB (2F, 3F)-O4 (3-1) 12%
3-HB(2F,3F)-O2 (3-1) 10%
5-HB(2F,3F)-O2(3-1) 7%
3-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 6%
5-HHB(2F,3F)-O2(3-8) 7%
3-HDhB(2F,3F)-O2(3-13) 10%
3-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 5%
5-HBB(2F,3F)-O2(3-14) 6%
NI=74.4° C.; Tc<−20° C.; Δn=0.101; Δε=5.3; η=25.3 mPa·s.

By using the liquid crystal composition described above in the liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display element, a liquid crystal display element having characteristics such as a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a low threshold voltage, a large contrast ratio, and a long life can be obtained. can do.

By the way, since the electrode structure of the liquid crystal display element can also improve the amount of transmitted light and the response time, the structure of the liquid crystal display element, including a suitable electrode structure, etc., will be described in detail below as first to third embodiments. .

However, the embodiments described below are examples of preferred liquid crystal display elements, and the liquid crystal display elements using the liquid crystal composition described above for the liquid crystal layer are the first to second embodiments described below. It is not limited to the liquid crystal display elements of the three embodiments.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display element 1 according to the first embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view for explaining the electrode structure of the liquid crystal display element 1 according to the first embodiment of the invention. is.

1 and 2 are diagrams corresponding to sub-pixels corresponding to one portion of RGB pixels of the liquid crystal display element 1, and FIG. It is a cross-sectional view of the display element 1 .
In addition, in FIG. 2, only the range of the second electrode portion 12 is indicated by the frame line, and the portion positioned below the second electrode portion 12 is also illustrated so that the configuration can be understood.

In the liquid crystal display element 1, a large number of electrode structures, which will be described later with reference to FIGS. The three electrode structures formed correspond to one pixel.

As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display element 1 includes a first substrate 10 positioned on the backlight side and a second substrate 10 facing the first substrate 10 when used in a liquid crystal display device. A substrate 20 and a liquid crystal layer 30 provided between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are provided.

The first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are made of a material that can transmit light from the backlight. For example, a glass substrate can be used for the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20.

In the liquid crystal display element 1, the first polarizing plate 11 serving as a polarizer is provided on the first substrate 10 on the side away from the liquid crystal layer 30, and the second substrate 20 on the side away from the liquid crystal layer 30 has and a second polarizing plate 21 which is provided as an analyzer.

1 and 2 along the plane of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 (hereinafter also referred to as the first transmission axis). (also referred to as one direction X).
In addition, the transmission axis (hereinafter, also referred to as the second transmission axis) of the second polarizing plate 21 is along the plane of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 perpendicular to the X axis, and the Y axis (hereinafter, the second direction) Y).
That is, the first polarizing plate 11 and the second polarizing plate 21 are arranged in crossed Nicols.

However, the first polarized light plate 11 and the second polarized light plate 21 need only be arranged in crossed Nicols. The plate 11 may be provided, and the second optical editing plate 21 may be provided such that the second transmission axis of the second optical editing plate 21 is provided along the first direction X.

Furthermore, the liquid crystal display element 1 includes an electrode structure for controlling the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer provided on the first substrate 10 on the side of the liquid crystal layer 30 (the first electrode portion 40, the second electrode portion 12, and the like). , data lines 13, thin film transistors 14 (see FIG. 2), gate lines 15 (see FIG. 2), common electrode lines 16 (see FIG. 2), etc.).

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display element 1 includes a data line 13, a thin film transistor 14 (see FIG. 2), a gate line 15 (see FIG. 2) and a common electrode formed on the first substrate 10. A layer such as a line 16 (see FIG. 2), an insulating layer 17 formed thereon that functions as a protective layer and a planarizing layer, a second electrode portion 12 of a solid electrode formed on the insulating layer 17, An insulating layer 18 formed to cover the second electrode portion 12 and a first electrode portion 40 formed on the insulating layer 18 are provided.

In the present embodiment, the first electrode portion 40 is the pixel electrode, and the first electrode portion 40 is provided closer to the first substrate 10 than the first electrode portion 40 so as to be insulated from the first electrode portion 40 via the insulating layer 18 . This is the case where the two electrode section 12 is a common electrode.
However, as will be described later as a second embodiment, it is also possible to use the first electrode portion 40 as a common electrode and the second electrode portion 12 as a pixel electrode.

In the present embodiment, the case where the second electrode portions 12 of solid electrodes are provided in the regions corresponding to the sub-pixels is shown. A solid electrode formed in a wider range, such as a unit, a unit of a plurality of pixel regions, or a unit of all pixel regions (in this case, the second electrode section 12 becomes one solid electrode).

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the first electrode portion 40 serving as the pixel electrode is electrically connected to the drain electrode of the thin film transistor 14 through the via hole VH, and the gate line 15 is electrically connected to the gate electrode of the thin film transistor 14. , and the data line 13 is electrically connected to the source electrode of the thin film transistor 14 .
On the other hand, the second electrode portion 12 serving as a common electrode is electrically connected to a common electrode line 16 .
When the liquid crystal display element 1 is used in a liquid crystal display device, the gate lines 15 are connected to the gate driver of the liquid crystal display device, and the data lines 13 are connected to the data driver.

The first electrode portion 40 and the second electrode portion 12 are made of a conductive material that transmits light.
For example, ITO (indium tin oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide), or the like can be preferably used as a material for forming the first electrode portion 40 and the second electrode portion 12 .

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display element 1 includes a first alignment film 19 provided on the insulating layer 18 so as to cover the first electrode portion 40, and the liquid crystal of the first alignment film 19 is The surface on the layer 30 side is rubbed so that the alignment direction of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 30 is oriented in a predetermined direction.

As the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 30, a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy (hereinafter also simply referred to as a positive liquid crystal) may be used, or a liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy. A substance (hereinafter also simply referred to as a negative liquid crystal) may be used, and the liquid crystal composition described above may be used. However, from the viewpoint of voltage holding ratio, a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystalline compound having a cyano group is not preferable.

For example, when the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 30 is a positive liquid crystal, when no potential difference is generated between the first electrode portion 40 and the second electrode portion 12 (state where no fringe electric field is generated), A rubbing process is performed so that the liquid crystal molecules are aligned along the first direction X according to the pattern of the first electrode portion 40, which will be described later.

In this embodiment, a positive liquid crystal is used for the liquid crystal layer 30, and FIG. 1 shows a state in which no fringe electric field is generated. As shown, when a fringing field is generated, the liquid crystal molecules rotate in the plane defined by the X and Y axes, appearing as rod-like shapes along the Y axis.

Conversely, when the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 30 is a negative liquid crystal, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned along the second direction Y in accordance with the pattern of the first electrode portion 40 to be described later when the fringe electric field is not generated. A rubbing treatment is applied so as to orient it.

On the other hand, the liquid crystal display element 1 is provided so as to cover the color layer 22 (color layer) and the black matrix 23 directly provided on the second substrate 20 on the liquid crystal layer 30 side, and the color layer 22 and the black matrix 23. A planarization film 24 and a second alignment film 25 provided on the planarization film 24 are provided.

The color layer 22 is a color layer corresponding to RGB. For example, when the portion corresponding to the sub-pixel shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 corresponds to R of RGB, the color layer 22 is red and corresponds to G. If so, the color layer 22 is green, and if it corresponds to B, it is blue.

As described above, since the liquid crystal display element 1 is provided with a structure corresponding to a large number of sub-pixels, the color layers 22 are arranged in a matrix on the second substrate 20 so as to correspond to the respective sub-pixels. are provided in the form of

The black matrix 23 is a grid-shaped frame provided corresponding to the outer periphery of each sub-pixel in order to reduce crosstalk between sub-pixels, and is made of a light-shielding material.

Similarly to the first alignment film 19, the second alignment film 25 has its surface on the liquid crystal layer 30 side subjected to a rubbing treatment so that the liquid crystal alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer 30 is oriented in a predetermined direction.

The rubbing treatment of the second alignment film 25 is similar to the rubbing treatment of the first alignment film 19. When the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 30 is a positive liquid crystal, when no fringe electric field is generated, the rubbing process will be described later. A rubbing process is performed so that the liquid crystal molecules are aligned along the first direction X according to the pattern of the first electrode portion 40 .

Conversely, when the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 30 is a negative liquid crystal, the liquid crystal is aligned along the second direction Y in accordance with the pattern of the first electrode section 40 to be described later when the fringe electric field is not generated. A rubbing treatment is applied so that the molecules are oriented.

Next, the first electrode portion 40 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 3, which is a plan view of the first electrode portion 40. FIG.
The X-axis (first direction X), Y-axis (second direction Y) and Z-axis shown in FIG. 3 are the same as those shown in FIGS.

The first electrode portion 40 includes a basic electrode portion 41 which is a basic electrode pattern including a first basic electrode portion 42 and a second basic electrode portion 43 .

The first basic electrode portion 42 extends in a first direction X along the substrate surface of the first substrate 10 (see FIG. 1) and is spaced apart in a second direction Y orthogonal to the first direction X. It has a conductive portion 42A.

In addition, the first basic electrode portion 42 has a pair of other ends 42BB connected to respective one ends 42AA of the pair of first conductive portions 42A, and extends in a direction opposite to the extending direction of the first conductive portions 42A. It has a doglegged second conductive portion 42B having a bent portion 42BA which is one end of the doglegged.

On the other hand, the second basic electrode portion 43 includes a third conductive portion 43A extending in the first direction X from the vicinity of the opening OP on the open side of the first basic electrode portion 42 .
Note that in FIG. 3, the third conductive portion 43A is provided so that the one end 43AA of the third conductive portion 43A is slightly separated from the opening OP in the first direction X, but the third conductive portion 43A may be provided such that one end 43AA of the third conductive portion 43A is located slightly inside the opening OP (closer to the first basic electrode portion 42) than the opening OP.

In this embodiment, the first electrode portion 40 includes a plurality of basic electrode portions 41 in the first direction X and a plurality of basic electrode portions 41 in the second direction Y as well.
Specifically, two basic electrode portions 41 are arranged in the first direction X and the second direction Y, respectively.

When looking at any adjacent basic electrode portions 41 in the first direction X, the basic electrode portions 41 are connected at the bent portion 42BA of the second conductive portion 42B and the other end 43AB of the third conductive portion 43A. (See dashed circled portion S).

Further, when considering any adjacent basic electrode portions 41 in the second direction Y, the basic electrode portion 41 is the first conductive portion positioned between the basic electrode portions 41 of the pair of first conductive portions 42A. The part 42A is shared (see diagonally hatched part).

Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the first basic electrode portion 42 (see the basic electrode portion 41 on the left side of the figure) arranged at the end extends in the direction opposite to the first direction X from the bent portion 42BA of the second conductive portion 42B. It further comprises a present fourth conductive portion 44 .

In addition, in the present embodiment, the second basic electrode portion 43 (see the basic electrode portion 41 on the right side of the figure) disposed at the end is provided in the first direction X, and the bent portion 42BA of the second conductive portion 42B is at the end. The first basic electrode portion 42 (see the part surrounded by the two-dot chain line) connected to the other end 43AB of the third conductive portion 43A of the arranged second basic electrode portion 43 (see the basic electrode portion 41 on the right side of the figure) is further I have.

The first electrode portion 40 includes a rectangular connection conductive portion 45 forming the outer circumference, and the connection conductive portion 45 includes a first conductive portion 42A, a second conductive portion 42B, a third conductive portion 43A and a fourth conductive portion 43A. It electrically connects the conductive patterns formed in the portion 44 .

The connecting conductive portion 45 also includes a connecting portion 45B extending in the opposite direction to the first direction X from the first side 45A, which is one end located on the opposite side to the first direction X. As shown in FIG.
This connecting portion 45B is electrically connected to the drain electrode of the thin film transistor 14 through the via hole VH, as described above with reference to FIG.

Note that the first electrode portion 40 only needs to have at least one basic electrode portion 41, and the number of basic electrode portions 41 provided in the first direction X and the second direction Y depends on the area required for the sub-pixel. can be decided according to

Further, FIG. 3 shows a case where the connecting conductive portion 45 forms a rectangular frame, but the connecting conductive portion 45 includes the first conductive portion 42A, the second conductive portion 42B, and the third conductive portion 43A. and the conductive pattern formed by the fourth conductive portion 44 can be electrically connected, it does not have to be in the shape of a frame like the modifications shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. .

Furthermore, since the connection portion 45B of the connection conductive portion 45 is provided in relation to the position of the drain electrode of the thin film transistor 14, the connection portion 45B is necessarily located on the side opposite to the first direction X from the first side 45A, which is the one end side. It does not need to be provided so as to extend, but only needs to be provided corresponding to the position of the drain electrode of the thin film transistor 14 (see FIG. 4B).

Next, the dimensions and the like of each part of the first electrode part 40 will be described in more detail while referring to FIGS.
First, a brief description of L1, L2, L3, θ, response time and transmittance shown in FIGS. conduct.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the first electrode portion 40 corresponding to FIG. 3, and is a diagram for explaining parameters and the like used in the graphs of FIGS. 7 to 12 showing the simulation results.

L1 described in the graphs of FIGS. 7 to 12 means the length along the first direction X of the third conductive portion 43A and the fourth conductive portion 44 shown in FIG. The written L2 means the length along the first direction X of the first conductive portion 42A.

Also, L3 described in the graphs of FIGS. 7 to 12 is the length from the bent portion 42BA that is one end side of the second conductive portion 42B shown in FIG. , means the length of one side and the other side forming a pair of the doglegged second conductive portion 42B.
The widths of one side and the other side forming a pair of the first conductive portion 42A and the second conductive portion 42B, and the width of the third conductive portion 43A and the fourth conductive portion 44 are all set to 2.50 μm.
However, when the widths of one side and the other side forming a pair of the first conductive portion 42A and the second conductive portion 42B, and the widths of the third conductive portion 43A and the fourth conductive portion 44 increase, the conductive pattern of the first electrode portion 40 increases. The width is preferably about 1.00 μm to 4.00 μm because the ratio of the portion where is not provided decreases and the transmittance may decrease.

Furthermore, θ described in the graphs of FIGS. 7 to 12 means an angle that is half the opening angle of the doglegged shape of the second conductive portion 42B.
That is, when θ=30 degrees, it means that the opening angle of the doglegged shape is 60 degrees.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the definition of the response time in FIGS. 7 to 9. The vertical axis represents the amount of light transmitted through the liquid crystal display element 1 (normalized amount of light), and the horizontal axis represents the elapsed time. there is
The normalized amount of light is the amount of light that is normalized so that the amount of light transmitted through the liquid crystal display element 1 is 100% when the amount of light is stable (see the steady-state light amount QL line).

The change in the amount of light transmitted through the liquid crystal display element 1 shown in FIG. , the application of the fringe electric field is stopped, and the state until the amount of transmitted light disappears.

In general, the response time is evaluated as the time required for a change between 10% and 90% of the steady-state light quantity QL based on the stable state of the light quantity transmitted through the liquid crystal display element 1 (steady-state light quantity QL). Therefore, the response times shown in FIGS. 7 to 9 are also based on this.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, the response time T1 during application of the electric field is such that the amount of light transmitted through the liquid crystal display element 1 after the start of application of the fringe electric field is 10% of the steady-state light amount QL (steady-state light amount 10% line of QL) is set as the operation start point, and when the light amount reaches 90% of the steady state light amount QL (see the 90% line of the steady state light amount QL) is set as the operation end point, the operation is started from the operation start point. Elapsed time up to the end point.

In addition, the response time T2 when the electric field is stopped is when the application of the fringe electric field is stopped and the amount of light transmitted through the liquid crystal display element 1 reaches 90% of the steady-state light amount QL (see the 90% line of the steady-state light amount QL). is the operation start point, and the time when the light amount QL reaches 10% of the normal light amount QL (see the 10% line of the normal light amount QL) is the operation end point, and the elapsed time from the operation start point to the operation end point is defined.

As shown in FIG. 6, since the response time T1 when the electric field is applied and the response time T2 when the electric field is stopped are different, the response times shown in FIGS. The combined response time (=response time T1+response time T2).

On the other hand, the transmittances in FIGS. 10 to 12 indicate what percentage of the intensity of light emitted from the liquid crystal display element 1 is the intensity of light incident on the liquid crystal display element 1 .

Next, the relationship between the response time and the dimensions of each part of the first electrode part 40 will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9 showing simulation results.
FIG. 7 is a first graph showing the results of a simulation relating to response time, where L1 and L3 are fixed at 8.00 μm, the vertical axis represents the L2/L1 ratio, and the horizontal axis represents the response time. ing.
Since L1=8.00μ, the vertical axis shows the L2/L1 ratio due to changes in L2. The bottom of the vertical axis is 0.75 and the top is 1.25.

As shown in FIG. 7, regardless of changes in the L2/L1 ratio, there is a tendency for the response time to shorten as θ decreases at any position of the L2/L1 ratio.
For example, FIG. 13 shows an example of a conventional FFS pixel electrode for comparison. When the separation distance D1 between 100 is 4.00 μm, the response time is 26.00 ms or longer.

As shown in FIG. 7, when the L2/L1 ratio is in the range of 0.75 to 1.25 and θ is 60 degrees or less, the response time is within approximately 20.50 ms. It can be seen that the response time is improved by 20% or more compared to the conventional FFS type pixel electrode.

FIG. 8 is a second graph showing the results of the simulation on the response time, showing the response time with the L2/L1 ratio fixed at 1.00, the lengths of L1 and L3 on the vertical axis, and θ on the horizontal axis. It has become.
Since the L2/L1 ratio is 1.00, the vertical axis indicates the lengths of L1, L2 and L3.

As shown in FIG. 8, regardless of changes in the lengths of L1, L2, and L3, there is a tendency for the response time to decrease as θ decreases at any length position of L1, L2, and L3.
Also, regardless of θ, it can be seen that there is a tendency for the response time to shorten as the lengths of L1, L2, and L3 become smaller at any θ position.

When the lengths of L1, L2, and L3 are in the range of 10.00 μm or less and θ is 60 degrees or less, the response time is within approximately 20.00 ms. It can be seen that the response time is improved by 20% or more compared to the pixel electrode.

FIG. 9 is a third graph showing the results of the simulation on the response time, showing the response time with θ fixed at 45 degrees, the vertical axis representing the L2/L1 ratio, and the horizontal axis representing the lengths of L1 and L3. It has become.
The bottom of the vertical axis is 0.75 and the top is 1.25.

As shown in FIG. 9, when θ is 45 degrees, when the L2/L1 ratio is in the range of 0.75 to 1.25 and the lengths of L1 and L3 are in the range of 6.00 μm to 10.00 μm, Since the response time is within approximately 19.75 ms, it can be seen that the response time is improved by 24% or more compared to the conventional FFS pixel electrode for comparison.

As seen above, the smaller the θ, the shorter the response time, and the smaller the lengths of L1, L2, and L3, the shorter the response time. .

Therefore, if the L2/L1 ratio is 1.25 or less, the lengths of L1 and L3 are 10.00 μm or less, and θ is 45 degrees or less, then the conventional FFS pixel electrode for comparison can be reduced by 24%. It can be seen that the above improvement in response time is obtained.

From these facts, in view of the response time, each of L1, L2 and L3 is preferably 10.00 μm or less, more preferably 9.50 μm or less, further preferably 9.00 μm or less.
In terms of response time, the L2/L1 ratio is preferably 1.25 or less, more preferably 1.20 or less, and even more preferably 1.10 or less.
Furthermore, in terms of response time, θ is preferably 60 degrees or less, more preferably 45 degrees or less, and further preferably 35 degrees or less.

Next, the relationship between the transmittance and the dimensions of each part of the first electrode part 40 will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 to 12 showing simulation results.
FIG. 10 is a first graph showing the results of a simulation relating to transmittance, in which transmittance is shown with L1 and L3 fixed at 8.00 μm, the vertical axis representing the L2/L1 ratio, and the horizontal axis representing θ. ing.
Since L1=8.00 μm, the vertical axis shows the L2/L1 ratio due to changes in L2. 1.25.

As shown in FIG. 10, regardless of changes in the L2/L1 ratio, it can be seen that the transmittance tends to increase as θ decreases at any position of the L2/L1 ratio.

On the other hand, FIG. 14 shows an example of a pixel electrode that is a modification of this embodiment.
As can be seen from FIG. 14, also in the pixel electrode of this modified example, along the substrate surface of the first substrate 10 (see FIG. 1) provided in the first basic electrode section 42 of the first embodiment described above. The second basic electrode portion 43 of the first embodiment includes a portion corresponding to a pair of first conductive portions 42A extending in the first direction X and spaced apart in a second direction Y orthogonal to the first direction X. , and a portion corresponding to the third conductive portion 43A extending in the first direction X from the vicinity of the opening OP on the opening side of the first basic electrode portion 42.

For example, as an example of specific dimensions, if the width W2 (see FIG. 14) of each conductive portion 110 is 2.50 μm and the separation distance D2 (see FIG. 14) between the conductive portions 110 is 4.00 μm, In the pixel electrode of the modified example shown in FIG. 14 as well, a response time shorter than that of the conventional FFS pixel electrode for comparison shown in FIG. 13 can be obtained.

However, as shown in FIG. 14, when the portion corresponding to the second conductive portion 42B of the first embodiment is linear, the transmittance is 20% or less, but as in the first embodiment, the transmittance is 20% or less. In the case where the V-shaped second conductive portion 42B is provided, a higher transmittance can be obtained. It is more preferable to have two conductive portions 42B.

Hereinafter, how much transmittance can be obtained when the V-shaped second conductive portion 42B of the first embodiment is specifically provided will be described.
As shown in FIG. 10, when the L2/L1 ratio is in the range of 0.75 to 1.25 and θ is 60 degrees or less, the transmittance is approximately 40% or more, and a high transmittance can be obtained. I understand.

Further, FIG. 11 is a second graph showing the results of a simulation regarding transmittance, in which the L2/L1 ratio is fixed at 1.00, the vertical axis is the length of L1 and L3, and the horizontal axis is θ. It has become a thing.
Since the L2/L1 ratio is 1.00, the vertical axis indicates the lengths of L1, L2 and L3.

As shown in FIG. 11, it can be seen that the longer the lengths of L1, L2 and L3 and the smaller the value of .theta., the higher the transmittance.
Also, when the lengths of L1, L2 and L3 shown in FIG. It can be seen that a high transmittance is obtained.

Furthermore, FIG. 12 is a third graph showing the results of a simulation on transmittance, in which θ is fixed at 45 degrees, the vertical axis is the L2/L1 ratio, and the horizontal axis is the length of L1 and L3. It has become a thing.
The bottom of the vertical axis is 0.75 and the top is 1.25.

Looking at FIG. 12, when θ is 45 degrees, the length of L1 and L3 is in the range of 8.00 μm to 9.50 μm, and the L2/L1 ratio is high in the range of 1.00 to 1.20. It turns out that there is a range

However, considering the trend of transmittance shown in FIG. 11, it is considered that when θ becomes small, the range in which the transmittance increases shifts in the direction in which the lengths of L1, L2, and L3 become longer.

12, L1 and L3 are as short as 6.00 μm, the L2/L1 ratio is as small as 0.75, and L2 is as short as 4.50 μm (=6.00 μm×0.75). However, it can be understood that the transmittance still exceeds 40%, and it can be seen that a high transmittance can be obtained.

For these reasons, in terms of transmittance, L1, L2 and L3 are each preferably 6.00 μm or more, more preferably 7.00 μm or more, and even more preferably 8.00 μm or more.
However, from the tendency of FIG. 12, when L1 and L3 are about 15.00 μm, the same state as when L1 and L3 are 6.00 μm is expected, so L1 and L3 are 15.00 μm. It is considered that the thickness should be 00 μm or less.

Also, from the tendency of FIG. 12, when the L2/L1 ratio exceeds 1.40, the same state as when the L2/L1 ratio is 0.75 or less is expected. It is believed that the ratio should be 1.40 or less.

The L2/L1 ratio in FIG. 12 is the ratio when the length of L2 is changed based on the length of L1, and as described above from the tendency of FIG. It is believed that good results are obtained with a .DELTA.
And when the L2/L1 ratio is 0.75, L2 is shorter than the lengths of L1 and L3, and when the L2/L1 ratio is 1.40, L2 is longer than the lengths of L1 and L3. Considering that good results can be obtained, it can be said that there is no problem if L2 is at least in the same range as the lengths that are good for L1 and L3.
Therefore, it is considered sufficient to set L2 to 15.00 μm or less.

On the other hand, θ has the same tendency as that of the response time. Therefore, in terms of transmittance, θ is preferably 60 degrees or less, more preferably 45 degrees or less, and furthermore 35 degrees or less. is preferred.

Considering the relationship between the dimensions of each part of the first electrode part 40 and the response time and transmittance as described above, the upper limit of the length of each of L1, L2 and L3 is 10.00 μm or less from the viewpoint of response time. is preferable, 9.50 μm or less is more preferable, and 9.00 μm or less is more preferable.

On the other hand, the lower limits of the lengths of L1, L2, and L3 are considered to be preferably 6.00 μm or more, more preferably 7.00 μm or more, and even more preferably 8.00 μm or more, from the viewpoint of transmittance.

Regarding θ, the same trend is observed in terms of response time and transmittance, and it is considered that 60 degrees or less is preferable, 45 degrees or less is more preferable, and 35 degrees or less is even more preferable.
However, considering that if θ becomes too small, the distance between the pair of first conductive portions 42A disappears, the lower limit is considered to be preferably 20 degrees or more.

Next, the response time and the transmittance will be described based on how the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 30 rotate when a fringe electric field is applied.
FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining the state of liquid crystal molecules when a potential difference is generated between the first electrode portion 40 and the second electrode portion 12 to generate a fringe electric field.

In FIG. 15, the states of the electric field when the fringe electric field is generated are indicated by thin arrows f1 and f2, and the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 30 are defined by the X axis and the Y axis when the fringe electric field is generated. A thick arrow R indicates the direction of rotation along the plane.
Although the arrows f1, f2 and arrow R are shown only in part, the same applies to other parts.

As shown in FIG. 15, in a region surrounded by a pair of first conductive portions 42A in the second direction Y and dogleg-shaped second conductive portions 42B connected to the pair of first conductive portions 42A, the second conductive portions With reference to a straight line along the first direction X (see dotted line L1) passing through the bent portion 42BA of 42B, liquid crystal molecules in the region on the second direction Y side and the region on the opposite side to the second direction Y are indicated by thick arrows R. As shown, both move so as to rotate toward the straight line (see dotted line L1) along the first direction X passing through the bent portion 42BA of the second conductive portion 42B.
Therefore, since the relative flow directions are the same, the frictional resistance between the liquid crystal molecules is reduced.

Further, when looking at the pair of third conductive portions 43A in the second direction Y, the pair of third conductive portions 43A in the second direction Y and the third conductive portions 43A are positioned on the first direction X side of the third conductive portion 43A. In the region surrounded by one side 42B1 of the second conductive portion 42B adjacent to the direction Y and the other side 42B2 of the second conductive portion 42B, the region on the second direction Y side (lower side) and the second direction Y In the region on the opposite side (upper side), the liquid crystal molecules have the same relative flow direction as indicated by the thick arrow R, so the frictional resistance between the liquid crystal molecules is small.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the frictional resistance between the liquid crystal molecules is small when viewed mainly for each portion where the liquid crystal molecules rotate, so that the liquid crystal molecules can rotate smoothly and the response time is shortened.

On the other hand, the electric field indicated by the arrow f2 is the electric field generated by the pair of first conductive portions 42A in the second direction Y and the electric field generated by the dogleg-shaped second conductive portion 42B connected to the pair of first conductive portions 42A. , and as shown in FIG. 15, it is oriented in the direction to rotate the liquid crystal molecules more.
Therefore, since the liquid crystal molecules can be largely rotated, the transmittance can be increased.
It should be noted that the degree of coincidence of the directivity of the liquid crystal molecules can be improved by the action of the doglegged second conductive portion 42B, and the transmittance can be further increased.

Also, the electric field indicated by the arrow f2 on the side of the pair of third conductive portions 43A in the second direction Y is also the electric field generated by the pair of third conductive portions 43A in the second direction Y and the third conductive portion connected thereto. The direction is determined by the synthesis of the electric field generated by one side 42B1 of the second conductive portion 42B and the other side 42B2 of the second conductive portion 42B located on the first direction X side of 43A and adjacent in the second direction Y. As shown in FIG. 15, it is oriented in a direction to rotate the liquid crystal molecules more.

Therefore, since the liquid crystal molecules can be largely rotated, the transmittance can be increased.
One side 42B1 of the second conductive portion 42B adjacent to the second direction Y and the other side 42B2 of the second conductive portion 42B are the second conductive portions connecting the pair of third conductive portions 43A in the second direction Y. A reverse dogleg-shaped conductive portion having a direction opposite to that of 42B is formed, and the effect of such an inverted dogleg-shaped conductive portion improves the degree of matching of the directivity of the liquid crystal molecules. It is possible to further increase the transmittance.

For example, if one end 42AA of each of the pair of first conductive portions 42A in the second direction Y is connected by a straight line along the second direction Y instead of the dogleg-shaped second conductive portion 42B, it is indicated by an arrow f2. As for the direction of the electric field, the angle δ with respect to the first conductive portion 42A is about 45 degrees.

However, if one end 42AA of each of the pair of first conductive portions 42A in the second direction Y is connected by the doglegged second conductive portion 42B as in the present embodiment, the direction of the electric field indicated by the arrow f2 can have an angle δ larger than 45 degrees, the liquid crystal molecules can be largely rotated, and high transmittance can be obtained.
The same applies to the electric field indicated by the arrow f2 in the pair of third conductive portions 43A in the second direction Y.

This angle δ can be made larger as the opening angle of the doglegged second conductive portion 42B is smaller. Therefore, as in the previous simulation, as θ is smaller, the transmittance can be made higher.

As described above, with the first electrode portion 40 of the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain a shorter response time and a higher transmittance than the conventional FFS pixel electrode.

[Example]
Next, the results of actually measuring the response times of the composition M30 and the composition M31 described above when actually applied to the liquid crystal layer 30 will be described as first and second examples.
As described with reference to FIG. 6, the response time when the electric field is applied is the response time T1, and the response time when the electric field is stopped is the response time T2. (response time T1+response time T2).

[First embodiment]
In the case of the liquid crystal display element 1 of the present embodiment in which the composition M30 is used for the liquid crystal layer 30 and the first electrode portion 40 (see FIGS. 1 to 3) is used as the pixel electrode, the response time T1 when an electric field is applied is 4.25 ms. , the response time T2 when the electric field was stopped was 3.46 ms, and the combined response time (=response time T1+response time T2) was 7.71 ms.

On the other hand, for comparison, in the case of the same liquid crystal display element except that the pixel electrode was changed to the conventional FFS pixel electrode shown in FIG. The response time T2 at the stop was 9.53 ms, and the combined response time (=response time T1+response time T2) was 20.37 ms.

[Second embodiment]
In the case of the liquid crystal display element 1 of the present embodiment in which the composition M31 is used for the liquid crystal layer 30 and the first electrode portion 40 (see FIGS. 1 to 3) is used as the pixel electrode, the response time T1 when an electric field is applied is 2.69 ms. , the response time T2 at the time the electric field was stopped was 3.47 ms, and the combined response time (=response time T1+response time T2) was 6.16 ms.

On the other hand, for comparison, in the case of the same liquid crystal display element except that the pixel electrode was changed to the conventional FFS type pixel electrode shown in FIG. The response time T2 at the stop was 24.81 ms, and the total response time (=response time T1+response time T2) was 56.59 ms.

As can be seen from the results of the first and second examples, the electrode structure of the liquid crystal display element 1 of the present embodiment is compared with the electrode structure of the conventional FFS system even in the actual measured values. It can be seen that the response time (response time T1 when the electric field is applied, response time T2 when the electric field is stopped, and the combined response time) is significantly shorter than that, and the performance is improved.

(Second embodiment)
In the first embodiment, the first electrode portion 40 is the pixel electrode and the second electrode portion 12 is the common electrode. In the second embodiment, the first electrode portion 40 is the common electrode, A case where the second electrode portion 12 is a pixel electrode will be described.

Since the basic configuration of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description of the same parts as those of the first embodiment is omitted, and mainly the different parts are described.

FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display element 1 of the second embodiment according to the invention, corresponding to FIG.
FIG. 17 is a plan view for explaining the electrode structure of the liquid crystal display element 1 according to the second embodiment of the invention, and corresponds to FIG.

1 and 2, FIGS. 16 and 17 are diagrams corresponding to sub-pixels corresponding to one portion of RGB of pixels of the liquid crystal display element 1, and FIG. It is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display element 1 at a position corresponding to the -A line.

In the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 16, the second electrode portion 12 positioned closer to the first substrate 10 is used as the pixel electrode. Therefore, as shown in FIG. It is electrically connected to the drain electrode of the thin film transistor 14 .

In this case, since the second electrode portion 12 can be electrically connected to the drain electrode of the thin film transistor 14 without providing the via hole VH (see FIG. 2), the via hole VH is omitted.

On the other hand, in the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 17, the first electrode portion 40 is used as a common electrode and electrically connected to the common electrode line 16. Since the common electrode line 16 can be provided at a position where a direct connection can be made, the via hole VH is not required.

Even when the first electrode portion 40 is used as the common electrode and the second electrode portion 12 is used as the pixel electrode as in the second embodiment, the state of the generated fringe electric field is the same as in the first embodiment. Effects similar to those of the first embodiment can be obtained.

By the way, as described in the first embodiment, it is not necessary to provide a common electrode for each sub-pixel.
Accordingly, the first electrode portion 40 is formed in units of one pixel region, or in units of a plurality of pixel regions or all pixel regions as shown in FIG. 18 (in this case, there is one first electrode portion 40). ).

As described above, the first electrode portion 40 and the second electrode portion 12 extend in the Z-axis direction from the first substrate 10 toward the liquid crystal layer 30, that is, the thickness direction of the liquid crystal display element 1 (hereinafter also referred to as the thickness direction Z). ), one of the first electrode portion 40 and the second electrode portion may be the pixel electrode and the other may be the common electrode.

(Third Embodiment)
In the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above, the case where the first electrode portion 40 and the second electrode portion 12 are spaced apart in the thickness direction Z has been described.
However, the first electrode portion 40 and the second electrode portion 12 need not be separated in the thickness direction Z, and may be separated in the first direction X.

Therefore, in the third embodiment, the case where the first electrode portion 40 and the second electrode portion 12 are spaced apart in the first direction X will be described.
In addition, since the overall configuration of the third embodiment is the same as that of the first and second embodiments, the description of the same points as those of the first and second embodiments will be omitted. Only points that differ from

In the first and second embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 16, the second electrode portion 12 is provided on the insulating layer 17, and the insulating layer 18 is provided so as to cover the second electrode portion 12. A first electrode portion 40 was provided on the insulating layer 18 , and a first alignment film 19 was provided to cover the first electrode portion 40 .

However, in the third embodiment, as described above, since the first electrode portion 40 and the second electrode portion 12 are spaced apart in the first direction X, the first electrode portion 40 and the first electrode portion 40 are spaced apart in the thickness direction Z. It is not necessary to arrange the second electrode portion 12 .

Therefore, in the third embodiment, the first electrode portion 40 and the second electrode portion 12 are provided on the insulating layer 17 shown in FIGS. The difference when viewed in the thickness direction Z is that the first alignment film 19 is provided so as to cover it and the insulating layer 18 is omitted.

When the first electrode portion 40 and the second electrode portion 12 are arranged in the first direction X, the lateral electric field (fringe electric field) of the FFS method is not the lateral electric field (fringe electric field) of the FFS method, but the lateral electric field of the IPS method is generated.

However, instead of using the second electrode portion 12 as a solid electrode, the first electrode portion 40 and the second electrode portion 12 have a conductive pattern similar to at least the basic electrode portion 41 of the first and second embodiments. is formed, the state of the electric field applied to the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 30 can be made similar to those of the first and second embodiments. can be played.
Hereinafter, the first electrode portion 40 and the second electrode portion 12 will be specifically described.

FIG. 19 is a plan view for explaining the electrode structure of the liquid crystal display element 1 according to the third embodiment of the invention.
As shown in FIG. 19, the first electrode portion 40 has at least one first basic electrode portion 42, and the second electrode portion 12 has at least one second basic electrode portion 43. .

Then, the first basic electrode portion 42 extends in the first direction X along the substrate surface of the first substrate 10 (see FIGS. 1 and 16), similarly to the first and second embodiments, A pair of first conductive portions 42A are provided that are spaced apart in a second direction Y orthogonal to the first direction X. As shown in FIG.
Further, the first basic electrode portion 42 has a pair of other ends 42BB connected to respective one ends 42AA of the pair of first conductive portions 42A, similarly to the first and second embodiments, It has a doglegged second conductive portion 42B having a bent portion 42BA which is one end of the doglegged shape in the direction opposite to the extending direction of the first conductive portion 42A.
It should be noted that the second conductive portion 42B preferably has a doglegged shape as described in the first embodiment, but is not limited to this.

On the other hand, the second basic electrode portion 43 extends in the first direction X from the vicinity of the opening OP on the opening side of the first basic electrode portion 42, as in the first and second embodiments. It has a conductive portion 43A.

In FIG. 19, the third conductive portion 43A is provided such that the one end 43AA of the third conductive portion 43A is positioned slightly inside the opening OP (closer to the first basic electrode portion 42) than the opening OP. However, regarding this point, as described in the first embodiment, the third conductive portion 43A is such that the one end 43AA of the third conductive portion 43A is slightly separated in the first direction X from the opening OP. It may be provided as follows.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the first electrode portion 40 includes a plurality of first basic electrode portions 42 (specifically, three first basic electrode portions 42) in the second direction Y, and of the pair of first conductive portions 42A share the first conductive portion 42A that is positioned between the first basic electrode portions 42 (diagonally hatched portions See), this point is also the same as in the first and second embodiments.

On the other hand, regarding the second electrode portion 12, in the present embodiment, the second electrode portion 12 includes a plurality of second basic electrode portions 43 (specifically, has three third conductive portions 43A) of the second basic electrode portions 43, and has the same configuration as the third conductive portions 43A of the second basic electrode portions 43 of the first and second embodiments. there is

Further, the second basic electrode portion 43 includes an additional electrode portion 43AD having the same configuration as the first basic electrode portion 42. As shown in FIG.

Specifically, the additional electrode portion 43AD is a pair of electrodes spaced apart in the second direction Y similar to the first conductive portion 42A of the first basic electrode portion 42 provided on the first direction X side of the third conductive portion 43A. It has a fourth conductive portion 43B and a pair of other ends 43CB connected to respective one ends 43BA of the pair of fourth conductive portions 43B, and is arranged in a direction opposite to the first direction X to the third conductive portion 43A. A V-shaped fifth conductive portion 43C similar to the second conductive portion 42B of the first basic electrode portion 42 having a bent portion 43CA serving as one end of the V-shaped to which the end 43AB is connected. .
The fifth conductive portion 43C is also preferably V-shaped, but is not limited thereto.

When there are a plurality of additional electrode portions 43AD in the second direction Y (FIG. 19 shows a case in which there are three), any adjacent additional electrode portion 43AD in the second direction Y is arranged in the same manner as the first basic electrode portion 42 The portion 43AD shares the fourth conductive portion 43B of the pair of fourth conductive portions 43B which is located between the additional electrode portions 43AD (see the cross hatched portion).

On the other hand, when looking at the first electrode portion 40, in the present embodiment, the first basic electrode portion 42 extends in the direction opposite to the first direction X from the bent portion 42BA of the second conductive portion 42B. A sixth conductive portion 42C similar to the fourth conductive portion 44 of the second embodiment is provided.

In this embodiment, the first basic electrode portions 42 are provided repeatedly in the first direction X so that the second basic electrode portions 43 are positioned therebetween.
Although FIG. 19 shows the case where the first basic electrode portion 42 is repeated once, the number of repetitions may be determined according to the area required for the sub-pixel.

Moreover, the first electrode portion 40 only needs to have at least one first basic electrode portion 42 having a pair of first conductive portions 42A and one second conductive portion 42B. It is sufficient to have the third conductive portions 43A of the second basic electrode portion 43 corresponding to one basic electrode portion 42, and how many to provide in the second direction Y may be determined according to the area required for the sub-pixel. .
However, if there are a plurality of third conductive portions 43A of the second basic electrode portion 43 in the second direction Y, a fifth conductive portion 43C may be provided to electrically connect the third conductive portions 43A. should be

The first electrode portion 40 has an L-shaped connection conductive portion 45, and the connection conductive portion 45 has a conductive pattern formed by a first conductive portion 42A, a second conductive portion 42B, and a sixth conductive portion 42C. electrically connected.
In addition, the connection conductive portion 45 includes a connection portion 45B extending from the first side 45A, which is one end side, in the opposite direction to the first direction X, and the connection portion 45B is electrically connected to the drain electrode of the thin film transistor 14. Thus, the first electrode portion 40 is assumed to be the pixel electrode.

On the other hand, by electrically connecting the second electrode portion 12 to the common electrode line 16, the second electrode portion 12 serves as a common electrode.

In the above configuration, the lateral electric field generated by the potential difference between the first electrode part 40 and the second electrode part 12 is similar to the electric field in the first embodiment described with reference to FIG. As a result, the same effects as those of the first and second embodiments can be obtained.

In this embodiment, the first electrode portion 40 is the pixel electrode and the second electrode portion 12 is the common electrode. As for the electrodes, the state of the horizontal electric field generated is the same as in the present embodiment, so that the same effects as in the case where the first electrode portion 40 is the pixel electrode and the second electrode portion 12 is the common electrode can be obtained.

Therefore, one of the first electrode portion 40 and the second electrode portion 12 should be the pixel electrode, and the other of the first electrode portion 40 and the second electrode portion 12 should be the common electrode.

Although the liquid crystal display element 1 of the present invention has been described above based on specific embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, and may be appropriately modified or improved. is also included in the technical scope of the present invention, which is clear to those skilled in the art from the description of the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Liquid crystal display element 10... First substrate 11... First polarizing plate 12... Second electrode part 13... Data line 14... Thin film transistor 15... Gate line 16... Common electrode line 17... Insulating layer , 18... Insulating layer 19... First alignment film 20... Second substrate 21... Second polarizing plate 22... Color layer 23... Black matrix 24... Flattening film 25... Second alignment film 30 Liquid crystal layer 40 First electrode portion 41 Basic electrode portion 42 First basic electrode portion 42A First conductive portion 42AA One end 42B Second conductive portion 42B1, 42B2 Side 42BA ... bent portion 42BB...other end 42C...sixth conductive part 43...second basic electrode part 43A...third conductive part 43AA...one end 43AB...other end 43AD...additional electrode part 43B...fourth Conductive portion 43C Fifth conductive portion 43BA One end 43CA Bent portion 43CB Other end 44 Fourth conductive portion 45 Connection conductive portion 45A First side 45B Connection portion 100 Conductive portion 110 Conductive portion OP Opening D1, D2 Distance L1, L2, L3 Length T1, T2 Response time VH Via hole θ, δ Angle

Claims (14)

A liquid crystal layer is provided between the first substrate and the second substrate facing each other,
A first electrode portion is provided on the first substrate,
the first electrode portion comprises at least one basic electrode portion;
The basic electrode portion includes a first basic electrode portion and a second basic electrode portion,
The first basic electrode portion is
A pair of first conductive parts extending in a first direction along the substrate surface and spaced apart in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction,
Having a pair of other ends connected to one end of each of the pair of first conductive parts, a linear shape or a dogleg shape having a bent part in a direction opposite to the extending direction of the first conductive part a second conductive portion having a shape;
The second basic electrode portion includes a third conductive portion extending in the first direction from the vicinity of the opening of the first basic electrode portion,
A second electrode portion of a solid electrode provided closer to the first substrate than the first electrode portion with an insulating layer interposed therebetween;
one of the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion is a pixel electrode and the other is a common electrode;
A liquid crystal display device, wherein the liquid crystal composition contained in the liquid crystal layer contains at least one compound selected from compounds represented by formula (1) as a first component.

In formula (1), R ¹ and R ² are alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or at least one hydrogen is replaced with fluorine or chlorine. alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; ring A and ring B are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, or 2,5-difluoro-1,4 -phenylene; Z ¹ is a single bond, ethylene, vinylene, methyleneoxy, or carbonyloxy; a is 1, 2, or 3; The first basic electrode portion has a pair of other ends connected to respective one ends of the pair of first conductive portions, and has a bent portion in a direction opposite to the extending direction of the first conductive portions. 2. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, further comprising a doglegged second conductive portion. the first electrode portion includes a plurality of basic electrode portions in a first direction;
3. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 2, wherein any adjacent basic electrode portions in the first direction are connected to the bent portion of the second conductive portion and the other end of the third conductive portion. the first electrode portion includes a plurality of the basic electrode portions in a second direction;
Any adjacent basic electrode portions in the second direction share the first conductive portion of the pair of first conductive portions that will be positioned between the basic electrode portions. Item 4. The liquid crystal display device according to item 3. The first basic electrode portion disposed at the end in the direction opposite to the first direction further comprises a fourth conductive portion extending from the bent portion of the second conductive portion in a direction opposite to the first direction. 5. The liquid crystal display element according to any one of claims 2 to 4. The bent portion of the second conductive portion is provided in the first direction of the second basic electrode portion arranged at the end in the first direction, and the bent portion of the second conductive portion is the third electrode portion of the second basic electrode portion arranged at the end. 6. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 2, further comprising the first basic electrode portion connected to the other end of the conductive portion. 7. The liquid crystal display according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , which contains at least one compound selected from compounds represented by formulas (1-1) to (1-13) as the first component. element.

In formulas (1-1) to (1-13), R ¹ and R ² are alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or at least one It is alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in which hydrogen is replaced with fluorine or chlorine. 8. The liquid crystal display element according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein the proportion of the first component is in the range of 10% by mass to 90% by mass. 9. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , comprising at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (2) as the second component.

In formula (2), R ³ is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; ring C is 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4 -phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,6-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane -2,5-diyl, or tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl; Z ² is a single bond, ethylene, vinylene, methyleneoxy, carbonyloxy, or difluoromethyleneoxy; X ¹ and X ² are independent is hydrogen or fluorine; Y ¹ is fluorine, chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine, carbon in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine 1 to 12 alkoxy, or C2 to C12 alkenyloxy in which at least one hydrogen is replaced with fluorine or chlorine; b is 1, 2, 3, or 4; 10. The second component according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , containing at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (2-1) to (2-35). Liquid crystal display element.

In formulas (2-1) to (2-35), R ³ is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. 11. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 9 , wherein the ratio of the second component is in the range of 10 % by weight to 85% by weight. 12. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , containing at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (3) as the third component.

In formula (3), R ⁴ and R ⁵ are hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or alkenyloxy having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. ring D and ring F are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1,4-phenylene, at least one hydrogen replaced by fluorine or chlorine; 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine, chroman-2,6-diyl, or at least one hydrogen is fluorine or chroman-2,6-diyl substituted with chlorine; ring E is 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2-chloro-3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,3-difluoro -5-methyl-1,4-phenylene, 3,4,5-trifluoronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 7,8-difluorochroman-2,6-diyl, 3,4,5,6-tetrafluoro fluorene-2,7-diyl, 4,6-difluorodibenzofuran-3,7-diyl, 4,6-difluorodibenzothiophene-3,7-diyl, or 1,1,6,7-tetrafluoroindane-2, 5-diyl; Z ³ and Z ⁴ are a single bond, ethylene, vinylene, methyleneoxy, or carbonyloxy; c is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and the sum of c and d is 3 or less. 13. The liquid crystal display according to any one of claims 1 to 12 , which contains at least one compound selected from compounds represented by formulas (3-1) to (3-35) as a third component. element.

In formulas (3-1) to (3-35), R ⁴ and R ⁵ are hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or carbon alkenyloxy of numbers 2 to 12; 14. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 12 , wherein the proportion of the third component is in the range of 10% by mass to 90% by mass.

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