JP7120158B2 - Dismantling method of lithium ion battery cell - Google Patents

Dismantling method of lithium ion battery cell Download PDF

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JP7120158B2
JP7120158B2 JP2019101084A JP2019101084A JP7120158B2 JP 7120158 B2 JP7120158 B2 JP 7120158B2 JP 2019101084 A JP2019101084 A JP 2019101084A JP 2019101084 A JP2019101084 A JP 2019101084A JP 7120158 B2 JP7120158 B2 JP 7120158B2
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茂樹 藤原
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Description

本発明は、リチウムイオン電池セルの解体方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for disassembling lithium ion battery cells.

近年、スマートフォンや電気自動車用の電池として、ラミネート型のリチウムイオン電池が広く利用されている。このラミネート型のリチウムイオン電池は、正極板と負極板がセパレータを介して積層することで形成される積層電極が電解液とともにラミネートフィルムで外装されたリチウムイオン電池セルとして構成されている。リチウムイオン電池セルは、複数接続されてモジュールを形成し、モジュールが複数接続されてパックを形成することがあるが、ここでのリチウムイオン電池セルとは、電池として機能する最小単位の電池を意味する。 In recent years, laminated lithium-ion batteries have been widely used as batteries for smartphones and electric vehicles. This laminated type lithium ion battery is configured as a lithium ion battery cell in which a laminated electrode formed by laminating a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate with a separator interposed therebetween is covered with a laminated film together with an electrolytic solution. A plurality of lithium-ion battery cells are connected to form a module, and a plurality of modules are connected to form a pack, but the lithium-ion battery cell here means the smallest unit battery that functions as a battery. do.

正極板は、基材たるアルミ箔にニッケル酸リチウムやコバルト酸リチウムを含む正極活物質を固着して成り、アルミ箔は非磁性であるが表層に固着されたニッケル、コバルト成分が磁性を有しているため、正極板として磁着物となる。一方、負極板は基材としての銅箔に黒鉛などの負極活物質を固着して成り、銅箔は非磁性であり、黒鉛は磁性があるものの反磁性であり、負極板としては磁着物ではない。しかし、正極板と負極板とが物理的に一体となっている積層電極は、正極板が磁性を示すため、磁着物となる。 The positive electrode plate is made by adhering a positive electrode active material containing lithium nickelate or lithium cobaltate to an aluminum foil as a base material. Although the aluminum foil is non-magnetic, the nickel and cobalt components adhered to the surface layer are magnetic. Therefore, it becomes a magnetic substance as a positive electrode plate. On the other hand, the negative electrode plate is made by fixing a negative electrode active material such as graphite to a copper foil as a base material. do not have. However, a laminated electrode in which a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate are physically integrated becomes a magnetic substance because the positive electrode plate exhibits magnetism.

このように形成されるラミネート型のリチウムイオン電池セルは、正極板に固着されているニッケル、コバルト成分が有価金属であるため、使用後廃棄される際に、この有価金属を取り出すことが試みられている。また、その他の構造である円筒型や角型のリチウムイオン電池にも有価金属が含まれるため、同様の試みがなされており、例えば、特許文献１にその手法の一つが開示されている。 In the laminate-type lithium ion battery cell thus formed, since the nickel and cobalt components fixed to the positive electrode plate are valuable metals, attempts have been made to remove these valuable metals when discarding after use. ing. In addition, cylindrical and prismatic lithium-ion batteries with other structures also contain valuable metals, and similar attempts have been made.

特許文献1にあっては、リチウムイオン電池（セル）を破砕、解砕して解体する解体工程と、電池解体物をアルコール又は水で洗浄し、電解液及び電解質を除去する洗浄工程と、洗浄した電池解体物を硫酸水溶液に浸漬して、正極基板から正極活物質を剥離する正極活物質剥離工程を経ることで、有価金属であるニッケル、コバルトを含む正極活物質を得て、後に、中和工程でニッケル、コバルトを回収することとしている。 In Patent Document 1, a disassembly step of crushing and disassembling a lithium ion battery (cell), a washing step of washing the disassembled battery with alcohol or water to remove the electrolytic solution and the electrolyte, and a washing The battery disassembled product is immersed in an aqueous sulfuric acid solution, and the positive electrode active material is peeled off from the positive electrode substrate to obtain a positive electrode active material containing nickel and cobalt, which are valuable metals. It is decided that nickel and cobalt will be recovered in the sum process.

特開２００７－１２２８８５JP 2007-122885

ところで、特許文献１では、最初の工程で、リチウムイオン電池の構造形式に係わりなく、解体工程でリチウムイオン電池を破砕、解砕してしまう。すなわち、正極板、負極板、セパレータ等を一緒に破砕、解砕している。したがって、電池解体物は、破砕、解砕されることでさまざまな様態をなし、正極板では、基材となるアルミ箔からコバルト、ニッケルの有価金属を含む正極活物質が脱落したり、アルミ箔に残存したり、負極板では、基材となる銅箔に塗布した黒鉛等の炭素粒子が脱落したりする。かくして、電池解体物は、細粒化されて上記正極活物質と炭素粒子とが混合した状態になる。 By the way, in Patent Document 1, in the first step, the lithium ion battery is crushed and shredded in the dismantling step regardless of the structural form of the lithium ion battery. That is, the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, the separator, and the like are crushed and crushed together. Therefore, dismantled batteries take various forms by being crushed and crushed. In the positive electrode plate, the positive electrode active material containing valuable metals such as cobalt and nickel falls off from the aluminum foil as the base material, and the aluminum foil falls off. In the case of the negative electrode plate, carbon particles such as graphite coated on the copper foil serving as the base material fall off. Thus, the battery dismantled material is pulverized into a state in which the positive electrode active material and the carbon particles are mixed.

また、正極活物質と炭素粒子が混合されている電池解体物から、正極活物質を取り出すには、解体工程後に、上述のごとく、洗浄工程と正極活物質剥離工程を必要とし、しかも、電池解体物は破砕、解砕により、細粒物として混合している状態にあるため、上記洗浄工程、正極活物質剥離工程が煩瑣となる。 Further, in order to take out the positive electrode active material from the battery disassembled product in which the positive electrode active material and the carbon particles are mixed, as described above, the cleaning step and the positive electrode active material peeling step are required after the dismantling step. Since the substances are in a state of being mixed as fine particles by crushing and pulverizing, the washing process and the positive electrode active material stripping process become complicated.

本発明は、かかる事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、ラミネート型のリチウムイオン電池セルの正極板、負極板を破砕することなく、きわめて容易かつ効率的に正極板を取り出すことが可能なリチウムイオン電池セルの解体方法を提供することを課題とする。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a lithium ion battery cell that enables extremely easy and efficient extraction of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate of a laminated lithium-ion battery cell without crushing the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. An object of the present invention is to provide a battery cell dismantling method.

本発明に係るリチウムイオン電池セルは、正極板と負極板とがセパレータを介して積層されて積層電極を形成し、該積層電極がラミネートフィルムの外装で封止されている。 In the lithium-ion battery cell according to the present invention, a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate are laminated via a separator to form a laminated electrode, and the laminated electrode is sealed with a laminate film exterior.

かかるリチウムイオン電池セルの解体方法において、本発明では、ラミネートフィルムを切開する切開工程と、積層電極を磁着してラミネートフィルムから分離する第一磁力選別工程と、積層電極を水没させ、該積層電極と水との間に相対動を与えて該積層電極の正極板と負極板とを剥離する電極板剥離工程と、正極板と負極板とが剥離状態にある積層電極を磁着して、磁着物たる正極板を、非磁着物たる負極板及び残留物から分離して取り出す第二磁力選別工程とを有することを特徴としている。ここで、リチウムイオン電池セルの電解液の有機溶媒として六フッ化リン酸リチウムを溶解させた溶液を用いるリチウムイオン電池セルを解体する場合、作業環境保全の観点からラミネートフィルムを切開する切開工程と、積層電極を磁着してラミネートフィルムから分離する第一磁力選別工程はリチウムイオン電池セルを水没させた状態で実施することもできる。 In such a method for disassembling a lithium ion battery cell, in the present invention, a cutting step of cutting the laminate film, a first magnetic separation step of magnetically attaching the laminated electrode and separating it from the laminated film, submerging the laminated electrode in water, and an electrode plate separation step of separating the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate of the laminated electrode by giving relative motion between the electrode and water; and a second magnetic force sorting step of separating the positive electrode plate, which is a magnetic substance, from the negative electrode plate, which is a non-magnetic substance, and the residue. Here, when dismantling a lithium ion battery cell using a solution in which lithium hexafluorophosphate is dissolved as an organic solvent for the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery cell, a cutting step of cutting the laminate film from the viewpoint of working environment preservation is performed. The first magnetic separation step of magnetically attaching the laminated electrodes to separate them from the laminate film can also be carried out while the lithium ion battery cells are submerged in water.

このような構成の本発明によると、リチウムイオン電池セルは、切開工程、第一磁力選別工程、電極板剥離工程、第二磁力選別工程を経て解体され、どの工程でも、リチウムイオン電池セルの破砕は行われず、外装のラミネートフィルムを切開してから、正極板と負極板の積層電極を第一磁力選別工程でラミネートフィルムから分離し、電極板剥離工程で、積層電極と水との間に相対動を与えるだけで、正極板と負極板及び残留物とに分離する。したがって、正極板と負極板が破砕されることなく、正極板が取り出される。 According to the present invention having such a configuration, the lithium ion battery cell is dismantled through the incision process, the first magnetic separation process, the electrode plate peeling process, and the second magnetic separation process. is not performed, and after cutting the outer laminate film, the laminated electrodes of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are separated from the laminated film in the first magnetic separation process, and in the electrode plate peeling process, the laminated electrode and water are separated from each other. It separates into a positive plate, a negative plate and a residue just by giving it a motion. Therefore, the positive electrode plate can be taken out without crushing the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate.

本発明において、電極板剥離工程は、水流により積層電極と水との間での相対動を与える工程とすることができる。このような水流中に積層電極を配することで、積層電極と水との間での相対動により、水が正極板とセパレータの間、負極板とセパレータとの間に侵入し、正極板、負極板がセパレータから剥離状態となる。 In the present invention, the electrode plate peeling step can be a step of imparting relative motion between the laminated electrode and water by a water flow. By arranging the laminated electrode in such a water flow, water penetrates between the positive electrode plate and the separator and between the negative electrode plate and the separator due to the relative movement between the laminated electrode and the water. The negative electrode plate is separated from the separator.

本発明において、電極板剥離工程は、水、積層電極の少なくとも一方に超音波振動を印加して積層電極と水との間に相対動を与える工程とすることができる。超音波振動は、積層電極が配された静水または水流に印加することができる。このように積層電極と水との間の相対動が超音波振動であると、正極板とセパレータ、そして負極板とセパレータの剥離が容易となる。 In the present invention, the electrode plate peeling step can be a step of applying ultrasonic vibration to at least one of the water and the laminated electrode to provide relative motion between the laminated electrode and the water. Ultrasonic vibrations can be applied to still water or a stream of water in which the stacked electrodes are placed. When the relative motion between the laminated electrode and water is ultrasonic vibration, the separation between the positive electrode plate and the separator, and between the negative electrode plate and the separator is facilitated.

本発明のリチウムイオン電池セルの解体方法によれば、リチウムイオン電池セルの正極板、負極板を破砕することなく、きわめて容易かつ効率的に正極板を取り出すことができる。 According to the lithium ion battery cell dismantling method of the present invention, the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate of the lithium ion battery cell can be very easily and efficiently taken out without crushing them.

（Ａ）はリチウムイオン電池セルの構造を簡単にして示す断面図、（Ｂ）はラミネートフィルムを切開して得られる積層電極の断面図である。(A) is a cross-sectional view showing a simplified structure of a lithium-ion battery cell, and (B) is a cross-sectional view of a laminated electrode obtained by cutting a laminate film. 本発明の一実施形態としてのリチウムイオン電池セルの解体方法における各工程を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing each step in a method for disassembling a lithium-ion battery cell as an embodiment of the present invention; 積層電極における正極板と負極板をセパレータから剥離するための装置の概要構成図で、（Ａ）は水流を用いる装置、（Ｂ）は超音波を用いる装置、（Ｃ）は水流と超音波振動を用いる装置である。Schematic configuration diagram of a device for separating the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate in the laminated electrode from the separator, (A) is a device using water flow, (B) is a device using ultrasonic waves, and (C) is water flow and ultrasonic vibration. It is a device that uses

以下、添付図面にもとづき、本発明の一実施形態を説明する。 An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

図１（Ａ）は、本実施形態で解体しようとするリチウムイオン電池セルの概要構造を示す断面図で、図１（Ｂ）はラミネートフィルムを切開して得られる積層電極の断面図である。 FIG. 1(A) is a cross-sectional view showing the schematic structure of a lithium-ion battery cell to be disassembled in this embodiment, and FIG. 1(B) is a cross-sectional view of a laminated electrode obtained by cutting the laminate film.

図１（Ａ）において、リチウムイオン電池セル１０は、正極板１１と負極板１２がセパレータ１３を介して積層電極１４を形成するように積層されており、外装としてのラミネートフィルム１５内に電解液あるいは電解質とともに封入されて一つのセルをなしている。図１（Ａ）の例では、負極板１２を中央に配置し、セパレータ１３を介して対称な位置に正極板１１を配置し積層電極１４を形成しているが、正極板１１、セパレータ１３、負極板１２、セパレータ１３、正極板１１のように、セパレータ１３を介して正極板１１と負極板１２を交互に配置し積層電極１４を形成してもよい。 In FIG. 1(A), a lithium ion battery cell 10 has a positive electrode plate 11 and a negative electrode plate 12 laminated to form a laminated electrode 14 with a separator 13 interposed therebetween. Alternatively, it is encapsulated together with an electrolyte to form one cell. In the example of FIG. 1A, the negative electrode plate 12 is arranged in the center, and the positive electrode plate 11 is arranged at symmetrical positions with the separator 13 interposed therebetween to form the laminated electrode 14. The positive electrode plate 11, the separator 13, The positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 12 may be alternately arranged with the separator 13 in between to form the laminated electrode 14 .

図１（Ａ）において、二つの正極板１１には、正極集電体１１Ａが接続され、正極集電体１１Ａはラミネートフィルム１５外に引き出されている。また、中央に位置する負極板１２には、負極集電体１２Ａが接続され、負極集電体１２Ａはラミネートフィルム１５外に引き出されている。正極集電体１１Ａ、負極集電体１２Ａは、リチウムイオン電池セル１０を負荷に接続する際には、リチウムイオン電池セル１０と負荷との接触要素として用いられ、また、複数のリチウムイオン電池セル１０を接続して一つのモジュールを形成する際、さらには複数のモジュールを接続して一つのパックを形成する際には、リチウムイオン電池セル１０同士間の接続要素として用いられる。 In FIG. 1A, two positive electrode plates 11 are connected to a positive current collector 11A, and the positive current collector 11A is pulled out of the laminate film 15. As shown in FIG. A negative electrode current collector 12 A is connected to the negative electrode plate 12 located in the center, and the negative electrode current collector 12 A is pulled out to the outside of the laminate film 15 . The positive electrode current collector 11A and the negative electrode current collector 12A are used as contact elements between the lithium ion battery cell 10 and the load when connecting the lithium ion battery cell 10 to the load. When connecting 10 to form one module, and when connecting a plurality of modules to form one pack, it is used as a connection element between lithium ion battery cells 10 .

正極板１１は、基材たるアルミ箔にニッケル酸リチウムやコバルト酸リチウムを含む正極活物質を固着して形成されている。ここでニッケルやコバルトは有価金属である。かかる正極板１１において、アルミ箔は非磁性であるが表層に固着されたニッケル、コバルト成分が磁性を有しているため、正極板１１としては磁着物である。かかる正極板１１は、外装としてのラミネートフィルム１５内に、セパレータ１３を介して複数積層されており、複数の正極板１１は、リードとしての正極集電体１１Ａに接続され、正極集電体１１Ａはラミネートフィルム１５外に引き出されている。 The positive electrode plate 11 is formed by fixing a positive electrode active material containing lithium nickelate or lithium cobaltate to an aluminum foil as a base material. Here, nickel and cobalt are valuable metals. In this positive electrode plate 11, the aluminum foil is non-magnetic, but the nickel and cobalt components fixed to the surface layer have magnetism, so the positive electrode plate 11 is magnetic. A plurality of such positive electrode plates 11 are laminated in a laminate film 15 as an outer package with separators 13 interposed therebetween. are pulled out of the laminate film 15 .

一方、負極板１２は基材としての銅箔に黒鉛などの負極活物質を固着している。銅箔は非磁性であり、黒鉛は磁性があるものの反磁性であるので、負極板１２としては磁着物とはならない。しかし、正極板１１と負極板１２とが物理的に一体となっていて分離しにくい積層電極１４の状態では、正極板１１が磁性を示すため積層電極１４全体として磁着物となる。 On the other hand, the negative electrode plate 12 has a negative electrode active material such as graphite adhered to a copper foil as a base material. Copper foil is non-magnetic, and graphite is magnetic but diamagnetic. However, in the state of the laminated electrode 14 in which the positive plate 11 and the negative plate 12 are physically integrated and difficult to separate, the positive plate 11 exhibits magnetism, so the laminated electrode 14 as a whole becomes magnetic.

このように形成されるリチウムイオン電池セル１０は、正極板１１に固着されているニッケル、コバルト成分が有価金属であることから、電池として所定期間使用後に廃棄される際に、図１（Ｂ）に示すように、リチウムイオン電池セル１０を解体して、この有価金属を取り出して再利用に供する。 In the lithium-ion battery cell 10 formed in this manner, since the nickel and cobalt components fixed to the positive electrode plate 11 are valuable metals, when the lithium-ion battery cell 10 is discarded after being used for a predetermined period of time, the , the lithium ion battery cell 10 is dismantled, and the valuable metal is taken out and reused.

次に、本発明にしたがい、上記有価金属たるニッケル、コバルト成分を有する正極板１１を、リチウムイオン電池セル１０から取り出すためのリチウムイオン電池セル１０の解体方法を説明する。 Next, according to the present invention, a disassembly method of the lithium ion battery cell 10 for removing the positive electrode plate 11 containing nickel and cobalt components, which are valuable metals, from the lithium ion battery cell 10 will be described.

なお、リチウムイオン電池セル１０は、単体で用いられることも、リチウムイオン電池セル１０が複数個接続されたモジュールとして用いられることも、さらには、複数のモジュールを接続したパックとして用いられることもあるが、ここでは、モジュールやパックから分解された状態におけるリチウムイオン電池セルの解体方法について述べることにする。図１（Ａ）及び図２に見られるように、切開工程でリチウムイオン電池セル１０をラミネートフィルム１５の端部で切断し（図１（Ａ）に示した切断線Ｘ）、次に第一磁力選別工程でラミネートフィルム１５を積層電極１４から分離する（図１（Ｂ））。既述のように積層電極１４は磁着物、ラミネートフィルム１５は非磁着物なので、両者は磁力により容易に分離される。ラミネートフィルム１５の切断による切開工程では、正極集電体１１Ａの一部、負極集電体１２Ａの一部は、ラミネートフィルム１５とともに、積層電極１４から分離される。 The lithium ion battery cell 10 may be used alone, may be used as a module in which a plurality of lithium ion battery cells 10 are connected, or may be used as a pack in which a plurality of modules are connected. However, here, the disassembly method of the lithium-ion battery cell in the state disassembled from the module or pack will be described. As can be seen in FIGS. 1A and 2, the lithium ion battery cell 10 is cut at the edge of the laminate film 15 in the cutting process (cutting line X shown in FIG. 1A), and then the first The laminated film 15 is separated from the laminated electrode 14 in the magnetic force sorting process (FIG. 1(B)). As described above, the laminated electrode 14 is magnetic and the laminate film 15 is non-magnetic, so they are easily separated by magnetic force. In the cutting step by cutting the laminate film 15 , part of the positive electrode current collector 11</b>A and part of the negative electrode current collector 12</b>A are separated from the laminated electrode 14 together with the laminate film 15 .

次に、電極板剥離工程で、ラミネートフィルム１５が分離除去して得られた積層電極１４を、電極板剥離装置にもたらす。電極板剥離装置は、本実施形態では、三つの態様の装置が例示されており、図３（Ａ）では電極板剥離装置２０Ａ、図３（Ｂ）では電極板剥離装置２０Ｂ、図３（Ｃ）では電極板剥離装置２０Ｃとして示されている。 Next, in the electrode plate peeling step, the laminated electrode 14 obtained by separating and removing the laminate film 15 is brought to the electrode plate peeling device. In the present embodiment, the electrode plate peeling device is exemplified in three modes: FIG. 3A shows an electrode plate peeling device 20A, FIG. ) shows an electrode plate peeling device 20C.

図３（Ａ）に示される電極板剥離装置２０Ａは、水槽２１Ａと水槽２１Ａ内を一方向に向け走行するコンベア２２Ａと、水槽２１Ａに接続された管路２３Ａと、管路２３Ａに設けられたポンプ２４Ａとを有している。 The electrode plate peeling apparatus 20A shown in FIG. 3A includes a water tank 21A, a conveyor 22A running in one direction in the water tank 21A, a pipeline 23A connected to the water tank 21A, and a and a pump 24A.

水槽２１Ａは、上方に向け開口され、その内部に水Ｗが収容されている。ポンプ２４Ａにより管路２３Ａを圧送される水は、水槽２１Ａ内では、図３（Ａ）の場合、水槽２１Ａの左端から右端へ向けた水流ＷＯを形成する。なお、ここで使用される水は、産業活動のために供給される水（工業用水）をはじめとして、例えば、焼却炉から排出される排ガスを冷却してほぼ純水に近い純度を有する清浄水や高純度に処理された水（純水、高純水）を使用してもよい。 The water tank 21A is open upward and contains water W therein. The water pumped through the conduit 23A by the pump 24A forms a water flow WO in the water tank 21A from the left end to the right end of the water tank 21A in the case of FIG. 3(A). The water used here includes water supplied for industrial activities (industrial water), for example, clean water that has a purity close to that of pure water by cooling exhaust gas discharged from an incinerator. or high-purity treated water (pure water, high-purity water) may be used.

コンベア２２Ａは、水槽２１Ａ内に設けられたガイド（図示せず）により案内され、水槽２１Ａの右端側から水槽２１Ａの底部に沿って水槽２１Ａの左端側へ出て行く走行路を有しており、その走行方向は上記の水流ＷＯと対向している。コンベア２２Ａ上の任意点が水槽２１Ａ内の水Ｗの中を走行している時間、すなわちコンベア２２Ａで搬送される積層電極１４の水Ｗ内での滞在時間は、後述のように水Ｗ内で正極板１１と負極板１２がセパレータ１３から剥離される必要十分な時間長に設定される。これは、実験的に定められる。 The conveyer 22A is guided by a guide (not shown) provided in the water tank 21A, and has a running path extending from the right end of the water tank 21A along the bottom of the water tank 21A to the left end of the water tank 21A. , the traveling direction of which is opposite to the water flow WO. The time during which an arbitrary point on the conveyor 22A travels in the water W in the water tank 21A, that is, the residence time in the water W of the laminated electrode 14 conveyed by the conveyor 22A is determined in the water W as described later. A necessary and sufficient length of time is set for the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 12 to be separated from the separator 13 . This is determined experimentally.

コンベア２２Ａにより、水槽２１Ａへは積層電極１４が順次搬入されるが、図３（Ａ）のごとく、水Ｗ中に進入すると、積層電極１４は搬送方向と逆方向の水流ＷＯと対向する。その結果、積層電極１４は、搬送速度と水流ＷＯの速度の和を相対速度として水流ＷＯの動圧を受けることになる。積層電極１４は、積層界面、すなわち、正極板１１とセパレータ１３の界面、負極板１２とセパレータ１３の界面が水流ＷＯの流れ方向と平行となるように、コンベア２２Ａに設置されている。したがって、水流ＷＯは積層電極１４の正極板１１とセパレータ１３の界面、負極板１２とセパレータ１３の界面へ、正極板１１、負極板１２の端縁から進入し、進入した水流ＷＯの動圧により正極板１１及び負極板１２がそれぞれセパレータ１３から分離可能な剥離状態になる。 The laminated electrodes 14 are successively carried into the water tank 21A by the conveyor 22A, and as shown in FIG. As a result, the laminated electrode 14 receives the dynamic pressure of the water flow WO with the relative speed being the sum of the transport speed and the speed of the water flow WO. The laminated electrodes 14 are placed on the conveyor 22A so that the laminated interfaces, that is, the interface between the positive electrode plate 11 and the separator 13 and the interface between the negative electrode plate 12 and the separator 13, are parallel to the flow direction of the water flow WO. Therefore, the water flow WO enters the interface between the positive electrode plate 11 and the separator 13 and the interface between the negative electrode plate 12 and the separator 13 of the laminated electrode 14 from the edges of the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 12. The positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 12 are separated from the separator 13 respectively.

かくして、正極板１１、負極板１２、セパレータ１３が剥離状態になった積層電極１４はコンベア２２Ａにより水槽２１Ａ外に搬出されるとともに、次の積層電極１４がコンベア２２Ａにより水槽２１Ａ内に搬入され、上述の要領で剥離状態とされる。正極板１１、負極板１２、セパレータ１３が剥離状態となった積層電極１４は、コンベア２２Ａにより水槽２１Ａ外に搬出され、次の第二磁力選別工程にもたらされる。 Thus, the laminated electrode 14 from which the positive electrode plate 11, the negative electrode plate 12, and the separator 13 are peeled off is carried out of the water tank 21A by the conveyor 22A, and the next laminated electrode 14 is carried into the water tank 21A by the conveyor 22A. The stripped state is set in the manner described above. The laminated electrode 14 from which the positive electrode plate 11, the negative electrode plate 12, and the separator 13 are peeled off is conveyed out of the water tank 21A by the conveyor 22A, and brought to the next second magnetic force sorting step.

第二磁力選別工程で積層電極１４に磁力を作用させると、正極板１１、負極板１２、セパレータ１３は、すでに、上記電極板剥離工程で剥離状態にあるので、上記磁力によって磁着物である正極板１１が非磁着物である負極板１２、セパレータ１３から分離して選別される。かくして、正極板１１が取り出され、後工程での処理で、有価金属であるニッケル、コバルトが回収される。 When a magnetic force is applied to the laminated electrode 14 in the second magnetic force sorting step, the positive electrode plate 11, the negative electrode plate 12, and the separator 13 are already in a peeled state in the electrode plate peeling step. The plate 11 is separated from the negative electrode plate 12 and the separator 13, which are non-magnetic, and sorted. Thus, the positive electrode plate 11 is taken out, and nickel and cobalt, which are valuable metals, are recovered in subsequent processes.

なお、第二磁力選別工程で取り出されなかった負極板１２、セパレータ１３のうち、有価金属として回収されるべきは負極板１２中の銅である。第二磁力選別工程で取り出されなかった非磁着物を銅精錬工程で処理することで、有価金属である銅が回収される。 Of the negative electrode plate 12 and the separator 13 that were not taken out in the second magnetic separation step, copper in the negative electrode plate 12 should be recovered as a valuable metal. Copper, which is a valuable metal, is recovered by treating the non-magnetic substances that have not been taken out in the second magnetic separation step in the copper refining step.

次に、本実施形態についての変形例を説明する。図３（Ａ）の電極板剥離装置２０Ａの例では、コンベア２２Ａ上の積層電極１４に対し、水槽２１Ａ内で積層電極１４の搬送方向と対向する水流ＷＯを生じさせて、水流ＷＯが積層電極１４との相対動を生じていたが、図３（Ｂ）に示される変形例としての電極板剥離装置２０Ｂでは、水槽２１Ｂの底部に超音波振動子２５Ｂが分布して配設されており、コンベア２２Ｂ上の積層電極１４には水流ではなく超音波が水Ｗを経て印加されている。この超音波が水Ｗと積層電極１４との間に相対動をもたらし、積層電極１４における正極板１１、負極板１２、セパレータ１３を剥離状態にさせる。しかる後、積層電極１４は、水槽２１Ｂ外に搬出され、次の第二磁力選別工程にもたらされる。これは、既述の図３（Ａ）の場合の例と同じである。 Next, a modified example of this embodiment will be described. In the example of the electrode plate peeling apparatus 20A shown in FIG. 3A, the water flow WO is generated in the water tank 21A against the laminated electrode 14 on the conveyor 22A in a direction opposite to the direction in which the laminated electrode 14 is conveyed. 14, but in the electrode plate peeling device 20B as a modification shown in FIG. Ultrasonic waves are applied to the laminated electrode 14 on the conveyor 22B through the water W instead of the water flow. This ultrasonic wave causes relative movement between the water W and the laminated electrode 14, causing the positive electrode plate 11, the negative electrode plate 12, and the separator 13 in the laminated electrode 14 to be separated. Thereafter, the laminated electrode 14 is carried out of the water tank 21B and brought to the next second magnetic force sorting step. This is the same as the example in the case of FIG. 3(A) already described.

また、図３（Ｃ）における電極板剥離装置２０Ｃの例では、図３（Ａ）の場合と同様に、電極板剥離装置２０Ａへポンプ２４Ｃで水槽２１Ｃ内に水流ＷＯを生じさせているのに加え、図３（Ｂ）の場合と同様に水槽２１Ｃの底壁に配設された超音波振動子２５Ｃにより水Ｗを経て積層電極１４に超音波を印加している。したがって、この図３（Ｃ）に示される変形例では、図３（Ａ）の場合の作用効果と図３（Ｂ）の場合の作用効果を重畳して得ることができる。 In addition, in the example of the electrode plate stripping device 20C in FIG. 3C, as in the case of FIG. In addition, as in the case of FIG. 3B, ultrasonic waves are applied to the laminated electrode 14 through the water W by an ultrasonic transducer 25C arranged on the bottom wall of the water tank 21C. Therefore, in the modification shown in FIG. 3(C), the effects of FIG. 3(A) and the effects of FIG. 3(B) can be superimposed.

１０ リチウムイオン電池セル
１１ 正極板
１２ 負極板
１３ セパレータ
１４ 積層電極
１５ ラミネートフィルム REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 10 Lithium ion battery cell 11 Positive electrode plate 12 Negative electrode plate 13 Separator 14 Laminated electrode 15 Laminated film

Claims (3)

正極板と負極板がセパレータを介して積層されて積層電極を形成し、該積層電極がラミネートフィルムの外装で封止されたリチウムイオン電池セルの解体方法において、
ラミネートフィルムを切開する切開工程と、
積層電極を磁着してラミネートフィルムから分離する第一磁力選別工程と、
積層電極を水没させ、該積層電極と水との間に相対動を与えて該積層電極の正極板と負極板とを剥離状態とする電極板剥離工程と、
正極板と負極板とが剥離状態にある積層電極を磁着して、磁着物たる正極板を、非磁着物たる負極板及び残留物から分離して取り出す第二磁力選別工程とを有することを特徴とするリチウムイオン電池セルの解体方法。 In a method for disassembling a lithium-ion battery cell in which a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate are laminated with a separator interposed to form a laminated electrode, and the laminated electrode is sealed with a laminate film exterior,
an incision step of incising the laminate film;
A first magnetic force sorting step of magnetically attaching the laminated electrode to separate it from the laminated film;
an electrode plate peeling step of submerging the laminated electrode in water and imparting relative motion between the laminated electrode and water to bring the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate of the laminated electrode into a separated state;
A second magnetic force sorting step of magnetically attaching the laminated electrode in which the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are in a separated state, and separating and taking out the positive electrode plate as a magnetic substance from the negative electrode plate and the residue as a non-magnetic substance. A method for disassembling a lithium-ion battery cell. 電極板剥離工程は、水流により積層電極と水との間に相対動を与えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン電池セルの解体方法。 2. The method for disassembling a lithium ion battery cell according to claim 1, wherein the electrode plate peeling step applies relative motion between the laminated electrode and water by a water flow. 電極板剥離工程は、水、積層電極の少なくとも一方に超音波振動を印加して積層電極と水との間に相対動を与えることを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載のリチウムイオン電池セルの解体方法。 3. The lithium ion according to claim 1, wherein in the electrode plate peeling step, ultrasonic vibration is applied to at least one of water and the laminated electrode to provide relative motion between the laminated electrode and water. A method of disassembling a battery cell.
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