JP7099527B2 - Bows and bows for bowed strings - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a bow hair material used for a bow hair of a bow for a bowed string instrument and a bow for a bowed string instrument.

A bow for a bowed string instrument used for playing a bowed string instrument such as a violin has a rod, a bow hair, and a screw for adjusting the tension of the bow hair. Bows for bowed string instruments are used with high tension in the bow hair when playing. After the performance, the tension of the bow hair is relaxed and the rod is released from the force pulled by the bow hair. Bows for bowed string instruments are used with pine oil attached to the bow hair.

Conventionally, the hair of the tail of a horse has been mainly used as the material of the bow hair of a bow for a bowed string instrument.
Patent Document 1 describes a bow for a bowed string instrument using a bow hair made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).

International Publication No. 2017/163469

However, the bow hair to which the tail hair of the horse was attached had insufficient durability. For this reason, users of bows for stringed instruments that use horse tail hair as the material for bow hair (bow hair material) need to frequently replace the bow hair (hair change). In addition, the hair on the tail of a horse has a large dimensional change due to a change in humidity. For this reason, in a bow for stringed instruments that uses horse tail hair as the bow hair material, even if the tension of the bow hair is changed by rotating the screw, the tension of the bow hair is suitable for playing depending on the humidity environment. In some cases, it could not be adjusted.

The bow hair material made of PVDF has excellent durability as compared with the hair of the tail of a horse. However, in a bow for a bowed string instrument having a bow hair made of PVDF, when the temperature of the bow hair becomes high due to an external influence, there is a risk that the rod will be deformed or broken. More specifically, the bow hair made of PVDF contracts greatly as the temperature rises, and the tension of the bow hair increases, and the force pulled by the bow hair is applied to the rod, causing the rod to deform or break. There was a possibility. Therefore, in the bow hair material made of PVDF, it has been required to reduce the dimensional change due to the temperature change.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points. One example of the object of the present invention is to provide a bow hair material used for bow hair of a bow for a stringed instrument, which has excellent durability and small dimensional change due to temperature change and humidity change. ..

The bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention is a bow hair material used for the bow hair of a bow for a chord instrument, and is composed of a hair bundle containing hair made of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin, and the diameter of the hair is 0. .1 to 0.3 mm .
The hair of the bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention has a tensile force-elongation amount curve with a slope of 0.70 to 1.70 N /% in the range of a tensile force of 0.2 N or more and an elongation amount of 1% or less. It is preferable to have.
The bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention has a hair bundle containing a plurality of the hairs aligned in the length direction, and the ends of the hair bundles are welded to the bow for a bowed string instrument. It is preferable that a mounting portion for mounting on the head of the frog or the rod is formed.

The bow for a bowed string instrument according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a bow and a bow hair to which the bow hair material according to any one of the above is attached.

The method for producing the bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing the bow hair material used for the bow hair of a bow for a chord instrument, and the uniform diameter in the length direction is 0.1 to 0.3 mm. In order to attach the hair bundle to the frog or the head of the bow for a chord instrument by welding the ends of the hair bundle and the hair bundle forming step of forming the hair bundle containing the hairs made of a plurality of PPS resins. It has a welding step of forming a mounting portion of the hair.

The bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention includes hair made of PPS resin. Therefore, the bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention has excellent durability as compared with the hair of the tail of a horse.
Further, the bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention has a small dimensional change due to a temperature change. Therefore, in the bow for a stringed instrument provided with bow hair using the bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention, a force pulled by the bow hair is applied to the rod due to the contraction of the bow hair due to a temperature change. Can be prevented from being deformed or broken.
Further, the bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention has a small dimensional change due to a change in humidity. Therefore, in the bow for a stringed instrument provided with bow hair using the bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the change in the length of the bow hair due to the change in humidity is small, and the length of the bow hair changes due to the change in humidity. Even so, for example, the tension of the bow hair can be adjusted to a tension suitable for playing by rotating the screw.
From these facts, the bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for a specific application of being used for the bow hair of a bow for a bowed string instrument.

Since the bow for a stringed instrument according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a bow and a bow hair to which the bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention is attached, the durability of the bow hair is good, and the durability of the bow hair is changed. The dimensional change of the bow hair due to the temperature change is small, which is preferable.

It is a top view which showed the bow for the bowed string instrument of this embodiment. It is a graph showing the result of the tensile test of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1. It is a part of the results of the tensile test of Example 1 (PPS resin having a diameter of 0.15 mm), and is an enlarged graph showing the results including a range of a tensile force of 0.2 N or more and an elongation amount of 1% or less. It is a part of the results of the tensile test of Example 2 (PPS resin having a diameter of 0.20 mm), and is an enlarged graph showing the results including a range of a tensile force of 0.2 N or more and an elongation amount of 1% or less. It is a part of the result of the tensile test of Comparative Example 1 (horsehair), and is an enlarged graph showing the result including the range of the tensile force of 0.2 N or more and the elongation amount of 1% or less. It is a part of the result of the tensile test of Comparative Example 2 (PVDF with a diameter of 0.21 mm), and is an enlarged graph showing the result including a range of a tensile force of 0.2 N or more and an elongation amount of 1% or less. 6 is a graph showing the results of wear tests of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. It is a graph which showed the pine oil adhesion of a bow hair. It is a photograph of the hair of Example 1 to which pine oil was attached.

Hereinafter, the bow hair material and the bow for a bowed string instrument according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.

[1. Bow hair material]
The bow hair material of the present embodiment is a bow hair material used for the bow hair of a bow for a bowed string instrument. The bow hair material of the present embodiment contains hair made of Poly Phenylene Sulfide Resin (PPS resin).
As the hair made of PPS resin, hair having a substantially circular cross-sectional view and a substantially uniform diameter (outer diameter) in the length direction can be used. Specifically, as the hair of the bow hair material of the present embodiment, a commercially available fiber (thread) made of PPS resin can be used.

The hair made of PPS resin contained in the bow hair material of the present embodiment has a pine oil adhesion equal to or higher than that of the tail hair of a horse (hereinafter, may be referred to as "horsehair"). Therefore, the bow for a stringed instrument provided with bow hair using the bow hair material of the present embodiment can be used in a state where pine oil is attached to the bow hair, as in the case where horse hair is used as the bow hair material. Therefore, the bow hair material of the present embodiment is preferable as the bow hair material because the playing feeling and the sound of the bow for a stringing instrument provided with the bow hair using the bow hair material are close to those when horse hair is used as the bow hair material.

The diameter of the hair made of PPS resin contained in the bow hair material of the present embodiment is preferably 0.1 to 0.3 mm, more preferably 0.15 to 0.25 mm, and 0.15 to 0.25 mm. It is more preferably 0.20 mm. When the diameter of the hair made of PPS resin is within the above range, the playing feeling and sound of the bow for a string instrument provided with the bow hair using the bow hair material of the present embodiment may be different when horsehair is used as the bow hair material. Get closer. Further, when the diameter of the hair made of PPS resin is in the above range, it is about the same as the range of the diameter of horsehair, which is preferable. Further, when the diameter of the hair made of PPS resin is 0.1 mm or more, it has excellent tensile strength.

The characteristics of the hair made of PPS resin contained in the bow hair material of the present embodiment are that the inclination of the tensile force-elongation curve is 0.70 to 1. It is preferably 70 N /%, more preferably 0.80 to 1.60 N /%. In the bow for a stringed instrument provided with a bow hair using hair having an inclination of the tensile force-elongation curve of 0.70 to 1.70 N /%, the bow hair using horse hair is used for the following reasons. A feeling of performance and sound similar to that of a bow for a bowed string instrument can be obtained.

The amount of extension of the bow hair when the tensile force is applied by the performance is close to that of the bow hair using horse hair. You can get the pronunciation. Normally, a tensile force of 0.3N to 0.8N is applied to the bow hair of a bow for a bowed string instrument during performance. The amount of elongation of horsehair at a tensile force of 0.8 N is 1% or less. Therefore, the tensile force range in the tensile force-elongation amount curve in the range of the tensile force of 0.2 N or more and the elongation amount of 1% or less of the horsehair includes the tensile force range applied to the bow hair during performance. Further, the slope of the tensile force-elongation amount curve in the range of the tensile force of 0.2 N or more and the elongation amount of 1% or less of the horsehair is 0.80 to 0.95 N /%.

Hair having a tensile force-elongation curve with a slope of 0.70 to 1.70 N /% in the range of a tensile force of 0.2 N or more and an elongation of 1% or less has a tensile force-elongation curve with an inclination of 0.70 to 1.70 N /%. Close to horsehair. Therefore, in the case of bow hair using hair having a slope of the tensile force-elongation amount curve of 0.70 to 1.70 N /%, the amount of elongation when the tensile force by performance is applied is the horsehair. It will be close to the bow hair used. From this, the bow for a stringed instrument having a bow hair using hair having an inclination of the tensile force-elongation curve of 0.70 to 1.70 N /% is a rubbing having a bow hair using horsehair. A feeling of performance and sound similar to that of a bow for a stringed instrument can be obtained.

The slope of the tensile force-elongation curve in the range of the tensile force 0.2 N or more and the elongation amount 1% or less can be adjusted by the thickness of the hair made of PPS resin. Therefore, by changing the thickness of the hair made of PPS resin according to the taste of the performer, the playing feeling and the sound of the bow for a bowed string instrument provided with the bow hair using the bow hair material of the present embodiment can be adjusted. can. Specifically, the slope of the tensile force-elongation curve increases as the hair made of PPS resin becomes thicker. In the hair made of PPS resin, when the diameter is 0.1 to 0.3 mm, the slope of the tensile force-elongation curve tends to be in the range of 0.70 to 1.70 N /%.

The hair made of PPS resin preferably has a tensile strength (tensile strength in the longitudinal direction) of 4N or more. When the tensile strength of the hair made of PPS resin is 4N or more, the bow hair material has excellent tensile strength, so that the durability of the bow hair material is further improved. On the other hand, the tensile strength of horsehair is 2 to 3N. The tensile strength of the hair made of PPS resin is preferably 12 N or less, and more preferably 10 N or less. When the tensile strength of the hair made of PPS resin is 12 N or less, the hair made of PPS resin having a preferable thickness can be used as the bow hair material. Therefore, the appearance of the bow hair using the bow hair material of the present embodiment is similar to that of the bow hair using the horse hair, and the playing feeling and the sound of the bow for the string instrument provided with the bow hair are the horse hair. It is preferable because it is close to the one with bow hair.

The tensile strength of hair made of PPS resin increases as the hair becomes thicker. For example, when the diameter of the hair made of PPS resin is 0.15 mm, the tensile strength is 5 to 7 N, and when the diameter is 0.20 mm, the tensile strength is 9 to 12 N.

For the hair made of PPS resin, it is preferable that the number of reciprocations of the bow for a stringed instrument shown below up to 20% is 200,000 times or more.
In the present embodiment, the "number of reciprocating times of a bow for a stringed instrument with a cutting number of up to 20%" means that a bow for a stringed instrument having bow hair using 100 to 220 hairs made of PPS resin as a bow hair material is created. A weight with a total weight of 25 g is placed on the bow of the bow range so that the load distribution in the bow range is approximately equal, and when the D line of the violin string is rubbed against the bow hair, the bow hair is formed. It means the number of round trips of a stringed instrument bow until 20% of the hairs are cut.

If the number of reciprocations of the bow for a stringed instrument up to 20% of the cut hair made of PPS resin is 200,000 times or more, the bow hair material has good wear resistance, so that the durability of the bow hair material is further enhanced. It will be good. On the other hand, the number of round trips of the bow for a bowed string instrument up to 20% of the number of cut horsehairs is 100,000 or less.

Hair made of PPS resin has a small dimensional change due to temperature change. Therefore, the bow for a stringed instrument provided with the bow hair using the bow hair material of the present embodiment is preferable because the force of being pulled by the bow hair is less likely to be applied to the rod due to the contraction of the bow hair due to the temperature change.

The temperature of the bow hair in a bow for a bowed string instrument may become high due to external influences. Specifically, the temperature of the bowed string instrument becomes 70 ° C or higher due to the warming of the bow for the bowed string instrument or the high temperature inside the car on which the bow for the bowed string instrument is placed due to direct sunlight or the like. There is.
Hair made of PPS resin reaches a steady state in a holding time of less than 5 hours when held at a temperature of 70 ° C. Hair made of PPS resin has a stretch ratio ({difference in length before and after holding at 70 ° C / length before holding at 70 ° C) with respect to the length of hair at room temperature when held at 70 ° C for, for example, 5 hours or more. S)} × 100 (%)) is preferably 0.5% or less, more preferably 0.3% or less, and smaller. When the expansion / contraction ratio is 0.5% or less, the bow for a stringed instrument provided with the bow hair using the bow hair material of the present embodiment is pulled by the bow hair even when the temperature of the bow hair becomes 70 ° C. or higher. It is possible to prevent the excessive force applied from affecting the quality of the sword.
In the present embodiment, the normal temperature means that the temperature is in the temperature range of 15 to 25 ° C.

Hair made of PPS resin has a small dimensional change due to a change in humidity. Therefore, in the bow for a stringed instrument having bow hair using the bow hair material of the present embodiment, even if the length of the bow hair changes due to a change in humidity, for example, it is easily suitable for playing by rotating the screw. It can be adjusted to the tension of the bow hair.

For hair made of PPS resin, for example, the amount of change in length dimension in the range of humidity of 20 to 95% is preferably 0.5% or less, more preferably 0.3% or less, and the smaller the better. .. When the amount of change in the length dimension of the hair made of PPS resin in the range of 0 to 100% humidity is 0.5% or less, the bow for a chord instrument having bow hair using the bow hair material of the present embodiment has. Even if the length of the bow hair changes due to a change in humidity, for example, the tension of the bow hair suitable for playing can be easily adjusted by rotating the screw.

The color of the hair made of PPS resin may be white, black, gray, gold or the like. As a method for coloring hair made of PPS resin, a known coloring method can be used and is not particularly limited. As the hair made of PPS resin, for example, a bow hair material using black-colored hair can be used for the same purpose as when black horsehair is used as the bow hair material. Hair made of PPS resin may be color-coded according to the thickness.

The bow hair material of the present embodiment may have a hair bundle containing hairs made of a plurality of PPS resins aligned in the length direction. In the bow hair material of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the end portion of the hair bundle is welded to form a mounting portion for mounting on the frog or the head of the bow of a bow for a stringed instrument.
The shape and size of the mounting portion may be such that it can be mounted on the head and frog of a bow for a bowed string instrument. The shape of the mounting portion is preferably, for example, a substantially rectangular shape in a plan view, which is 2 to 3 mm narrower than the width of the head and frog of the bow for a bowed string instrument and is a length from the end of the hair bundle to 3 to 5 mm.

When the bow hair material of the present embodiment has a mounting portion, it can be manufactured by, for example, the following manufacturing method.
First, a hair bundle containing hair made of a plurality of polyphenylene sulfide resins aligned in the length direction is formed (hair bundle forming step). Next, by welding the ends of the hair bundles, a mounting portion for mounting on the frog of a bow for a bowed string instrument or the head of a rod is formed (welding step).

In the welding step, as a method of welding the end portion of a hair bundle containing hairs made of a plurality of PPS resins, a method using an infrared laser and / or ultrasonic waves can be mentioned. The PPS resin is a thermoplastic resin, and hair made of the PPS resin can be easily welded by a method using an infrared laser and / or ultrasonic waves. Therefore, by welding the end portion of the hair bundle containing the hair made of a plurality of PPS resins, the welded portion can be easily and efficiently formed.

The attachment portion may be formed on both ends of the hair bundle, or may be formed on only one end. That is, the mounting portion may have a first mounting portion provided at one end of the hair bundle and a second mounting portion provided at the other end, or may be a first mounting portion. It may have only.
When the mounting portion has a first mounting portion and a second mounting portion, a plurality of hairs arranged between the first mounting portion and the second mounting portion are aligned substantially in parallel in the length direction. It is preferable to have. As a result, when the first mounting portion and the second mounting portion are arranged so as to be separated from each other as much as possible, it becomes difficult for the plurality of hairs contained in the hair bundle to intersect with each other. Therefore, the bow hair material can be easily attached to the frog of the bow for the stringed instrument and the head of the rod, and the playability of the bow for the stringed instrument having the bow hair using the bow hair material is improved.

The length of each hair forming the hair bundle is preferably 400 to 750 mm. When the length of each hair is in the above range, it is suitable as a bow hair material to be stretched on the bow of a stringed instrument such as a violin, viola, cello, contrabass and any of their small fractional instruments.
The number of hairs forming the hair bundle is preferably 100 to 220. When the number of each hair forming the hair bundle is in the above range, it is suitable when one hair bundle is used as the bow hair material of one bow for a bowed string instrument.

The hair bundle contains hair made of a plurality of PPS resins. The plurality of hairs forming the hair bundle may be only one type of hair made of PPS resin, or for example, two types having one or more different qualities of thickness, color, and material. It may contain the above hairs. When the hair bundle contains two or more types of hair, the combination and usage ratio of the hair types can be appropriately determined according to the playability and pronunciation of the bow for stringed instruments, the purpose, the appearance of the bow hair, the preference of the performer, and the like. ..

If the hair bundle contains hair made of a material other than PPS resin, horsehair may be used as the hair made of another material, or nylon, polyester, PVDF, or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). You may use hair made of resin such as.
The ratio of the number of hairs made of PPS resin to the plurality of hairs forming the hair bundle is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and 100%. You may. By using a bow hair material in which the ratio of the number of hairs made of PPS resin is 50% or more among the plurality of hairs forming the hair bundle, the durability is more excellent and the hair is accompanied by temperature change and humidity change. It is possible to form bow hair with smaller dimensional change.

The bow hair material of the present embodiment can be attached to the frog and the head of the bow for a bowed string instrument in the same manner as when horsehair is used as the bow hair material.
The bow hair material of the present embodiment is attached to a first mounting portion provided at one end of a hair bundle and at the other end as a mounting portion for mounting on the head or frog of a bow for a stringed instrument. When a plurality of hairs having a provided second mounting portion and arranged between the first mounting portion and the second mounting portion are aligned substantially in parallel in the length direction, the following The bow hair material can be attached to the bow for a stringed instrument by the method shown.
That is, the first mounting portion is fitted into the head of the bow of the bow for a stringed instrument and fixed with a wedge. Next, the second mounting portion is fitted into the frog of the bow for a bowed string instrument and fixed with a wedge. Then attach the frog to the bow for the bowed string instrument.

When the bow hair material of the present embodiment has a first mounting portion and a second mounting portion, it is not necessary to perform the following operations (1) to (4) when horsehair is used as the bow hair material. Therefore, by using the bow hair material of the present embodiment, it is possible to efficiently and easily attach the bow hair in the bow for a bowed string instrument.

(1) Work to remove too thick hair, too thin hair, damaged hair, etc. from multiple horse hairs and select horse hair to be used for bow hair.
(2) The work of making a hair bundle of selected horsehair, tying the end of the hair bundle with a thread, cutting the tip, and hardening with pine oil.
(3) After fixing one end of the horsehair bundle to the frog, the work of combing and aligning the horsehair forming the hair bundle.
(4) Work to adjust the length and tension of the hair bundle when fixing the bow hair material to the bow for a bowed string instrument in consideration of the dimensional change of horsehair due to the change in humidity.

When the bow hair material of the present embodiment is used, it is not necessary to perform the above steps (1) and (4) regardless of whether or not there is a mounting portion for mounting on the frog of the bow for a bowed string instrument or the head of the rod.
Horsehair has a large dimensional change due to changes in humidity. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the dimensional change of the horse hair due to the humidity difference between the humidity environment during the work of fixing the bow hair material to the bow for the stringed instrument and the humidity environment during the actual use of the bow for the stringed instrument. Therefore, when horsehair is used as the bow hair material, the above-mentioned work (4) is indispensable. On the other hand, hair made of PPS resin has a smaller dimensional change due to humidity change than horsehair, and it is not necessary to consider the dimensional change due to humidity change. Therefore, it is necessary to perform the above work (4). There is no.

In addition, hair bundles containing hairs made of a plurality of PPS resins can be easily and efficiently bundled by welding. Therefore, even if the bow hair material of the present embodiment does not have a mounting portion, it is easily more efficient by welding instead of the work of binding the end portion of the hair bundle with a thread and hardening it with pine oil in (2) above. You can often bundle the ends of the hair bundle. Therefore, according to the bow hair material of the present embodiment, it is possible to efficiently and easily attach the bow hair in the bow for a bowed string instrument, as compared with the case where horse hair is used, even if the bow hair material does not have a mounting portion. can.

Further, the bow hair material made of PVDF is difficult to weld. Therefore, the bow hair material of the present embodiment can efficiently and easily attach the bow hair in the bow for a bowed string instrument, even when compared with the bow hair material made of PVDF.

When the bow hair material of the present embodiment has only the first mounting portion or does not have the mounting portion, it is necessary to perform the above-mentioned work (3). However, when using hair made of PPS resin having a substantially circular cross section and a substantially uniform diameter (outer diameter) in the length direction, as shown below, it is compared with the case where horsehair is used as the bow hair material. Therefore, the above-mentioned work (3) can be efficiently performed.

That is, each horsehair has a different swell and curl, the change in diameter in the length direction is large, and the surface has irregularities due to the cuticle. For this reason, the hair bundles of horsehair tend to be entangled with each other.
On the other hand, hair bundles containing hairs made of a plurality of PPS resins are less likely to be entangled than horsehair hair bundles, and the hair forming the hair bundles can be easily combed and aligned. can.

[2. Bow for bowed string instruments]
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a bow for a bowed string instrument according to the present embodiment. The bowed string instrument bow 1 shown in FIG. 1 is used for playing a bowed string instrument such as a violin, viola, cello, and contrabass. The bow 1 for a bowed string instrument shown in FIG. 1 has a rod 3, a bow hair 5, a winding 7, a thumb grip 9, a screw 11, and a frog (hair box) 13.

The bow hair 5 is stretched between the head 3A of the rod 3 and the frog 13. The bow 1 for a bowed string instrument shown in FIG. 1 is in a state where the tension of the bow hair 5 is increased so that the bow 1 can be used for playing a bowed string instrument. The bow hair 5 has a strip-shaped planar shape extending in the length direction of the rod 3, and one surface thereof is arranged so as to face the rod 3. As shown in FIG. 1, the rod 3 is warped with a predetermined curvature. Therefore, the distance between the rod 3 and the bow hair 5 is wide on the head 3A side and the frog 13 side, and the central portion in the length direction is narrow.

The bow hair 5 is composed of a plurality of hairs stretched side by side substantially in parallel with the length direction of the rod 3. The bow hair 5 of the bow 1 for a bowed string instrument shown in FIG. 1 is equipped with the bow hair material of the present embodiment containing hair made of PPS resin.
The number of hairs forming the bow hair 5 is preferably 100 to 220, and preferably 120 to 200. The number of hairs forming the bow hair 5 can be appropriately determined according to the use of the bow 1 for a stringed instrument, the thickness of each hair forming the bow hair 5, the taste of the performer, and the like.

The rod 3 may be made of wood such as Fernandbuco wood or may be made of fiber reinforced plastic. As the fiber reinforced plastic, glass fiber reinforced plastic, carbon fiber reinforced plastic and the like can be used. The rod made of fiber reinforced plastic has higher strength, weather resistance and dimensional stability than the rod made of wood.

The bow 1 for a stringed instrument shown in FIG. 1 is the same as a conventional bow for a stringed instrument in which horse hair is used as the bow hair material, except that the bow hair material of the present embodiment is used as the material of the bow hair 5. It can be manufactured by the method.
In the bow 1 for a chord instrument shown in FIG. 1, since the bow hair 5 is formed by using the bow hair material of the present embodiment, the bow hair can be attached more efficiently as compared with the case where horse hair is used as the bow hair material. It can be done easily.

The bow 1 for a bowed string instrument shown in FIG. 1 includes a bow hair 5 to which the bow hair material of the present embodiment including hair made of PPS resin is attached. Therefore, the bow 1 for a bowed string instrument shown in FIG. 1 has good tensile strength and wear resistance of the bow hair 5 and has excellent durability as compared with a bow 1 having horse hair. Therefore, the bow 1 for a bowed string instrument shown in FIG. 1 has a lower frequency of hair change than that having a bow hair made of horsehair.

Further, the bow hair material of the present embodiment containing hair made of PPS resin has a small expansion / contraction rate at high temperature. Therefore, the bow 1 for a stringed instrument shown in FIG. 1, which includes a bow hair 5 using the bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention, has a force pulled by the bow hair 5 due to the contraction of the bow hair due to a temperature change. It is attached to the sword 3 and it is difficult for the sword 3 to be deformed or broken.

Further, the bow hair material of the present embodiment containing hair made of PPS resin has a small dimensional change due to a change in humidity. Therefore, in the bow 1 for a stringed instrument shown in FIG. 1, which includes a bow hair 5 using the bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the change in the length of the bow hair 5 due to a change in humidity is small, and the change in humidity causes a small change in the length of the bow hair 5. Even if the length of the bow hair 5 changes, the tension of the bow hair 5 can be adjusted to a tension suitable for playing by, for example, rotating the screw 11.

Further, the bow hair 5 provided in the bow 1 for a bowed string instrument shown in FIG. 1 is more likely to have pine oil adhered to it than the bow hair made of horse hair. Therefore, the bowed string instrument bow 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a playing feeling and pronunciation similar to those of a bowed string instrument bow using horse hair as a bow hair material. Therefore, the bowed string instrument bow 1 shown in FIG. 1 is preferable because it does not give the player who uses the bowed string instrument bow 1 a sense of discomfort as compared with the case of using a bowed string instrument bow having horsehair.

Further, the bow hair 5 of the stringed instrument bow 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a hair made of PPS resin and having a diameter of 0.1 to 0.3 mm, and has a tensile force-elongation amount in the range of an elongation amount of 0 to 1%. When a bow hair material containing hair having an average slope of 0.70 to 1.70 N /% is used, the playing feeling and sounding are similar to those of a stringed instrument bow using horse hair as the bow hair material. can get.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples. The present invention is not limited to the examples shown below, as long as the gist of the present invention is not exceeded.

"Tensile test"
(Example 1)
Three hairs made of PPS resin having a length of 250 mm and a diameter of 0.15 mm, having a substantially circular cross-sectional view and having a substantially uniform diameter in the length direction were prepared, and a tensile test was conducted one by one by the method shown below.
The tensile test was carried out under the condition of a temperature of 25 ° C. and a test speed of 300 mm / min. In the tensile test, a tensile force was applied until the hair broke, and the relationship between the tensile force and the length of the hair stretched was investigated. The results are shown in FIG.

(Example 2)
In place of the hair of Example 1, the hair was made of PPS resin having a length of 250 mm and a diameter of 0.20 mm, and the hair having a substantially circular cross-sectional view and a substantially uniform diameter in the length direction was used. A tensile test was conducted in the same manner. The results are shown in FIG.
(Comparative Example 1)
A tensile test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that horsehair having a diameter of 0.1 to 0.13 mm was used instead of the hair of Example 1. The results are shown in FIG.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of tensile tests of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1. In FIG. 2, the horizontal axis indicates the amount of elongation [%], and the vertical axis indicates the tensile force [N]. The value of the amount of elongation [%] was calculated using the following formula.
Elongation amount [%] = (difference in length before and after test / length before test) x 100

As shown in FIG. 2, the tensile strength (tensile force when the hair is broken) of the hair having a diameter of 0.15 mm (Example 1) made of PPS resin is 5 to 7N, and the hair having a diameter of 0.20 mm (the hair is 0.20 mm). The tensile strength of Example 2) was 9 to 12N. On the other hand, the tensile strength of horsehair (Comparative Example 1) was 2 to 4N. From this, it was confirmed that the hair made of PPS resin has a higher tensile strength than the horsehair.

(Comparative Example 2)
The hair of Example 1 was replaced with that of Example 1 except that hair having a diameter of 0.21 mm, a hair having a substantially circular cross-sectional view and a substantially uniform diameter in the length direction (Comparative Example 2) was used. A tensile test was conducted in the same manner.

For each of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the slope of the tensile force-elongation curve in the range of the tensile force 0.2 N or more and the elongation amount 1% or less was calculated by the method shown below.
From the results of the above tensile test for each hair, a regression line by the least squares method was obtained using the results in the range of the tensile force of 0.2 N or more and the elongation amount of 1% or less, and this was calculated as the tensile force-elongation in each hair. The least squares approximation formula of the quantity curve was used. Then, the slope of the tensile force-elongation curve of each example and the comparative example was obtained by calculating the average value for each example and the comparative example from the numerical value of the slope of the minimum squared approximation formula of each hair.

3 to 6 are a part of the results of the tensile test of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. FIG. 3 is an enlarged graph showing the results including the range of the tensile force of 0.2 N or more and the elongation amount of 1% or less of Example 1 (PPS resin having a diameter of 0.15 mm). FIG. 4 is an enlarged graph showing the results of Example 2 (PPS resin having a diameter of 0.20 mm) including a range of tensile force of 0.2 N or more and elongation of 1% or less. FIG. 5 is an enlarged graph showing the results including the range of the tensile force of Comparative Example 1 (horsehair) of 0.2 N or more and the elongation amount of 1% or less. FIG. 6 is an enlarged graph showing the results of Comparative Example 2 (PVDF having a diameter of 0.21 mm) including a range of tensile force of 0.2 N or more and elongation of 1% or less. In FIGS. 3 to 6, the horizontal axis indicates the amount of elongation [%], and the vertical axis indicates the tensile force [N].

The inclination of the tensile force-elongation curve in the range of tensile force 0.2 N or more and elongation 1% or less is 1.07 N /% for the hair having a diameter of 0.15 mm made of PPS resin shown in FIG. 3 (Example 1). , 1.54 N /% for hair 0.20 mm in diameter (Example 2) made of PPS resin shown in FIG. 4, 0.92 N /% for horse hair (Comparative Example 1) shown in FIG. 5, PVDF shown in FIG. It was 0.68 N /% in the hair made of (Comparative Example 2).

As described above, the hairs of Examples 1 and 2 have a slope of the tensile force-elongation curve in the range of 0.70 to 1.70 N /%, which is sufficient for horsehair (Comparative Example 1). It was close to. Therefore, the bow for a stringed instrument using the hair of Examples 1 and 2 as a bow hair material has a similar playing feeling and pronunciation to a bow for a stringed instrument using horsehair as a bow hair material. It is estimated to be.
Further, the inclination of the tensile force-elongation curve in the range of the tensile force 0.2 N or more and the elongation amount 1% or less is 1.07 N /% for the hair having a diameter of 0.15 mm (Example 1), and the diameter is 0. The hair of 20 mm (Example 2) is 1.54 N /%, and the thicker the hair, the larger the hair. From this, it can be seen that the average inclination can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the hair made of PPS resin.

On the other hand, the hair of Comparative Example 2 has an inclination of the above-mentioned tensile force-elongation curve of 0.68 N /%, and the range of the tensile force applied to the bow hair during normal performance (0.3 N to 0.8 N). ), It was found that it was easier to grow than horsehair (Comparative Example 1) (see FIGS. 5 and 6). Therefore, the bow for a stringed instrument having bow hair using the hair of Comparative Example 2 as a bow hair material has a different playing feeling and pronunciation from the bow for a stringed instrument using horse hair as a bow hair material, and has a great sense of discomfort. ..

Further, the hair of Comparative Example 2 is made of PVDF having a diameter of 0.21 mm, and is thicker than the hair made of PPS resin (diameter 0.15 mm (Example 1), diameter 0.20 mm (Example 2)) (diameter 0). Despite the fact that it was .21 mm), the average inclination was small (easy to stretch). From this, in order to obtain hair which is made of PVDF and whose average slope is in the range of 0.70 to 1.70 N /%, it is necessary to thicken the hair to a thickness unsuitable as a bow hair material.

"Wear test"
A general method performed when 150 hairs of Example 1 (hairs made of PPS resin having a diameter of 0.15 mm) are used as the material of the bow hair 5 and horsehair is used as the material of the bow hair. The bow 1 for a string instrument shown in FIG. 1 was prepared by the above method, and a wear test was performed by the method shown below.

The tension of the bow hair 5 was set so that the distance from the center position of the bow hair 5 in the longitudinal direction to the rod 3 (the shortest distance between the bow hair 5 and the rod 3) was 8 mm. 0.05 g of pine oil was applied to the bow hair 5 of the bow 1 for a bowed string instrument.
Then, the surface of the bowed string instrument bow 1 opposite to the neck 3 and the D line of the violin string are arranged so as to face each other, and the length direction of the neck 3 is abbreviated as the extending direction of the D line of the violin string. It was fixed to the electric slider so that it was orthogonal to each other. The rubbing position (the position where the D line of the violin string is rubbed against the bow hair 5) is set to be approximately in the center of the fingerboard and the piece of the violin.

After that, the bow 1 for the bowed string instrument was moved by the electric slider, and the bow 1 for the bowed string instrument was reciprocated while rubbing the D line against the bow hair 5. The bowing speed by the electric slider was set to 50 mm / sec. The bow movement range (in other words, the range of the bow hair 5 that comes into contact with the D line) is set to a range of 5 cm centered on a point separated by a length of one-third of the total length of the bow hair 5 from the frog 13. did. As the pressure applied to the D line from the bow 1 for the bowed string instrument, a weight having a total weight of 25 g was placed on the sash 3 in the bowed range so that the load distributions in the bowed range were substantially equal.

Then, regarding the hair of Example 1 used as the material of the bow hair 5, the relationship between the number of cut hairs (the number of cut hairs) and the number of round trips of the bow 1 for a bowed string instrument (the number of round trips of the bowed string) was investigated. The results are shown in FIG.

Further, the wear test was carried out in the same manner as described above except that the horsehair of Comparative Example 1 was used instead of the hair of Example 1. The results are shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of wear tests of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. In FIG. 7, the horizontal axis indicates the number of reciprocating strings [times], and the vertical axis indicates the number of broken hairs [lines].
As shown in FIG. 7, it can be seen that the hair having a diameter of 0.15 mm (Example 1) made of PPS resin is harder to cut than the horsehair (Comparative Example 1). Specifically, the number of round trips of the bow for a stringed instrument until 30 hairs (20% of the total bow hair) used as the material of the bow hair are cut is 480000 times in Example 1, and Comparative Example 1 Then it was 82000 times.
From this, it was confirmed that the hair made of PPS resin has better wear resistance than horsehair.

"Expansion test"
(Expansion test due to difference in dryness)
Two hairs (Sample 1 and Sample 2) made of PPS resin having a diameter of 0.15 mm were prepared, and an expansion / contraction test was performed by the method shown below.
The hair length of Example 1 was measured before the test. Then, the hair of Example 1 was held under the condition of temperature 35 ° C. and humidity 20% (dry condition) for 48 hours, the length of the hair was measured in the same manner as before the test, and further the temperature was 35 ° C. and the humidity was 20%. The hair was kept under the condition of (dry condition) for 96 hours, and the hair length was measured in the same manner as before the test (after 144 hours). The results are shown in Table 1. Next, the hairs that had been retained under dry conditions were held at a temperature of 35 ° C. and a humidity of 95% (wet conditions) for 48 hours, and the length of the hairs was measured in the same manner as before the test (192 hours). rear). The results are shown in Table 1.

The expansion and contraction test was performed in the same manner as above, except that the horsehair of Comparative Example 1 was used instead of the hair of Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
A stretch test was performed in the same manner as above, except that hair made of PVDF having a diameter of 0.21 mm (Comparative Example 2) was used instead of the hair of Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

Regarding the hair lengths of Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 measured in this way, the maximum value, the minimum value, the amount of change (difference between the maximum value and the minimum value), and the rate of change ({maximum) for each sample. The difference between the value and the minimum value / length before the test)} × 100 (%)) was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

As shown in Table 1, the hair made of PPS resin (Example 1) and the hair made of PVDF (Comparative Example 2) shrank under both dry and wet conditions, but the rate of change was 0.3% or less. Met.
In contrast, horsehair (Comparative Example 1) shrank under dry conditions and grew under wet conditions. In addition, horsehair (Comparative Example 1) had a large rate of change as compared with Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.
From this, it was confirmed that the hair made of PPS resin and the hair made of PVDF have better dimensional stability in length due to humidity change than horsehair.

(Expansion test at 70 ° C)
Two hairs (Sample 3 and Sample 4) made of PPS resin having a diameter of 0.15 mm were prepared, and an expansion / contraction test was performed by the method shown below.
Before the test, the hair length of Example 1 was measured at room temperature. After that, the hair of Example 1 was held under the conditions of temperature 70 ° C. and humidity 30% for 5 hours, the length of the bow hair material was measured in the same manner as before the test, and further the conditions of temperature 70 ° C. and humidity 30%. It was held underneath for 21 hours and the length of the archery was measured as before the test (after 26 hours). The results are shown in Table 2.

A stretch test was performed in the same manner as above, except that hair made of PVDF having a diameter of 0.21 mm (Comparative Example 2) was used instead of the hair of Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.

Regarding the length of the bow hair material measured in this way, the difference (mm) between the maximum value and the minimum value and the expansion / contraction rate ({difference between the maximum value and the minimum value / the length before the test)} × 100 (%). )) Was asked. The results are shown in Table 2.

As shown in Table 2, the hair made of PPS resin (Example 1) had an expansion / contraction rate of 0.3% or less. The hair made of PPS resin had a smaller expansion / contraction rate in length dimension than the hair made of PVDF (Comparative Example 2).
From this, it was confirmed that the hair made of PPS resin has better stability in length dimension at 70 ° C. than the hair made of PVDF. Further, it was found that the hair made of PPS resin is preferable as a material for bow hair because it has good stability in length and dimension.
Further, as shown in Table 2, no difference was observed between the results after 5 hours and the results after 26 hours for the hair made of PPS resin. From this, it can be seen that the hair made of PPS resin reaches a steady state in less than 5 hours under the conditions of a temperature of 70 ° C. and a humidity of 30. Further, it was found that the expansion / contraction rate of the hair made of PPS resin that reached a steady state was sufficiently small, and that there was no problem in quality when used as a material for bow hair.

"Pine oil adhesion"
In the same manner as in the above wear test, a bow 1 for a bowed string instrument was prepared using hair (Example 1) having a diameter of 0.15 mm made of PPS resin as a material for the bow hair 5. The tension of the bow hair 5 was set so that the distance from the center position of the bow hair 5 in the longitudinal direction to the rod 3 (the shortest distance between the bow hair 5 and the rod 3) was 8 mm.
Then, with respect to the bow 1 for a bowed string instrument, the mass of the attached pine oil is measured each time the pine oil is brought into contact with the bow hair 5 and reciprocated once in a predetermined range in the length direction of the bow hair 5, and the pine oil adhesion is determined. Examined. The range in which the pine oil was brought into contact with the bow hair 5 and reciprocated was set to a range of 15 cm in length. The results are shown in FIG.

Except that the horsehair of Comparative Example 1, the hair made of PVDF having a diameter of 0.21 mm (Comparative Example 2), and the hair made of commercially available nylon (Comparative Example 3) were used instead of the hair of Example 1. , The adhesion of pine oil was examined in the same manner as above. The results are shown in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the pine oil adhesion of bow hair. In FIG. 8, the horizontal axis indicates the number of reciprocations (number of coatings) [times], and the vertical axis indicates the weight increment [g].
As shown in FIG. 8, the hair made of PPS resin having a diameter of 0.15 mm (Example 1) and the hair made of PVDF having a diameter of 0.21 mm (Comparative Example 2) are both horsehair (Comparative Example 1). It was confirmed that pine oil was more likely to adhere than the same. On the other hand, it was difficult for pine oil to adhere to the hair made of nylon (Comparative Example 3).

Further, the pine oil is brought into contact with the bow hair 5 of the bow 1 for a bowed string instrument using hair made of PPS resin having a diameter of 0.15 mm (Example 1) and reciprocated a plurality of times to adhere the pine oil to the bow hair 5. I let you. A violin was played using this bow 1 for a bowed string instrument, and it was confirmed that the violin was pronounced, and it was confirmed that the amount of pine oil adhered to the bow hair 5 was sufficient. Then, one hair of Example 1 was taken from the bow hair 5 of the bow 1 for a bowed string instrument and photographed with an optical electron microscope. The results are shown in FIG.
FIG. 9 is a photograph of the hair of Example 1 to which pine oil is attached. As shown in FIG. 9, pine fat was adhered substantially uniformly to the hair (Example 1) made of PPS resin having a diameter of 0.15 mm.

"Playability"
As the material of the bow hair 5, hair having a diameter of 0.15 mm made of PPS resin (Example 1), hair having a diameter of 0.20 mm made of PPS resin (Example 2), and hair having a diameter of 0.25 mm made of PPS resin (Example 2). Similar to the above wear test using Example 3), horse hair (Comparative Example 1), hair made of PVDF having a diameter of 0.21 mm (Comparative Example 2), and commercially available hair made of nylon (Comparative Example 3). The bow 1 for a string instrument was prepared, and pine oil was applied to the bow hair 5.
Then, a violin was played using each bow 1 for a bowed string instrument made of a different material for the bow hair 5, and the playability was evaluated. Performances and evaluations were performed by professional musicians. The results are as follows.

(Example 1) Playing and feeling light.
(Example 2) Bright sound and crispness. Easy to play.
(Example 3) Feel the horsepower. Great for cheerful songs. Not suitable for songs that require fine operability.

(Comparative example 1) There is a moderate elasticity and strength.
(Comparative example 2) The sound is bright, but the elasticity and sound during performance are hard.
(Comparative Example 3) There is a rough feeling of discomfort and noise in the performance.

From the above, the hair made of PPS resin (Examples 1 to 3) can not only obtain playability comparable to that of horsehair of Comparative Example 1, but also can obtain playability superior to that of horsehair. It turned out to be sexual and could be a new value for the performer.

The present invention may be applied to the bow hair of a bow for a bowed string instrument.

1 Bow for bowed string instrument 3 Bow 3A Head 5 Bow hair 7 Winding 9 Thumb grip 11 Screw 13 Frog

Claims (5)

A bow hair material used for bow hair for bowed string instruments.
A bow hair material composed of a hair bundle containing hair made of polyphenylene sulfide resin and having a diameter of the hair of 0.1 to 0.3 mm . The bow hair material according to claim 1 , wherein the hair has an inclination of a tensile force-elongation curve of 0.70 to 1.70 N /% in a range of a tensile force of 0.2 N or more and an elongation amount of 1% or less. It has a hair bundle containing a plurality of the above-mentioned hairs aligned in the length direction, and has a hair bundle.
The bow hair material according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the end portion of the hair bundle is welded to form a mounting portion for mounting on the frog or the head of the bow of the bow for a stringed instrument. A bow for a bowed string instrument comprising a rod and a bow hair to which the bow hair material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is attached. A method for manufacturing bow hair materials used for bow hair for bowed string instruments.
A hair bundle forming step of forming a hair bundle containing hair made of a plurality of polyphenylene sulfide resins having an aligned diameter of 0.1 to 0.3 mm in the length direction, and a hair bundle forming step.
A method for producing a bowed hair material, which comprises a welding step of forming a mounting portion for mounting on a frog of a bow for a bowed string instrument or a head of a rod by welding the end portion of the hair bundle.

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