JP6575676B2 - Bow for bowed instruments - Google Patents
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- JP6575676B2 JP6575676B2 JP2018506757A JP2018506757A JP6575676B2 JP 6575676 B2 JP6575676 B2 JP 6575676B2 JP 2018506757 A JP2018506757 A JP 2018506757A JP 2018506757 A JP2018506757 A JP 2018506757A JP 6575676 B2 JP6575676 B2 JP 6575676B2
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- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 claims description 141
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 46
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 15
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000003664 tensile strength of the hair Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000023514 Barrett esophagus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000195955 Equisetum hyemale Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000405217 Viola <butterfly> Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003813 thumb Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
- G10D3/16—Bows; Guides for bows; Plectra or similar playing means
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)
Description
本発明は、合成樹脂製の弓毛を備えた擦弦楽器用弓に関する。
本願は、２０１６年３月２４日に日本国に出願された特願２０１６−０５９５９０号に基づいて優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。The present invention relates to a bow for a bowed instrument having a bow made of synthetic resin.
This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-059590 for which it applied to Japan on March 24, 2016, and uses the content here.
弓毛を備えた擦弦楽器用弓に関する技術が知られている。例えば、非特許文献１には、弓毛として、馬の尻尾の毛を用いることが教示されている。馬毛の表面には鱗がある。このため、馬毛には松脂が付着しやすい。 Techniques relating to bows for bowed instruments with bow hair are known. For example, Non-Patent Document 1 teaches the use of horse tail hair as bow hair. There are scales on the surface of horse hair. For this reason, rosin tends to adhere to horse hair.
しかしながら、馬毛は、湿度変化の程度が大きくまた耐久性が低いという性質を有する。 However, horse hair has the property that the degree of humidity change is large and the durability is low.
本発明は、上述した点を鑑みてなされた。本発明の目的の一例は、湿度変化の程度が小さくまた耐久性が高い弓毛を備える擦弦楽器用弓を提供することである。 The present invention has been made in view of the above points. An example of the object of the present invention is to provide a bow for a bowed instrument having a bow with a small degree of humidity change and high durability.
本発明の実施態様に係る擦弦楽器用弓は、棹と、前記棹に張られたポリフッ化ビニリデンからなる弓毛と、を備える。 A bow for a bowed instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a scissors and bows made of polyvinylidene fluoride stretched on the scissors.
本発明の実施形態に係る擦弦楽器用弓によれば、弓毛がポリフッ化ビニリデン（以下、「ＰＶＤＦ」という）からなるので、湿度変化の程度が小さくまた耐久性が高い。 According to the bow for a bowed musical instrument according to the embodiment of the present invention, since the bow hair is made of polyvinylidene fluoride (hereinafter referred to as “PVDF”), the degree of humidity change is small and the durability is high.
以下、本発明の実施形態に係る擦弦楽器用弓について、図面を参照しつつ説明する。本実施形態の擦弦楽器用弓は、バイオリン用弓である。 Hereinafter, bows for bowed instruments according to embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The bow for bowed instruments of this embodiment is a bow for violin.
[１．本発明の実施形態の概要]
図１Ａに表すように、本実施形態の擦弦楽器用弓１は、棹３、弓毛５、巻き線７、サムグリップ９、スクリュー１１、及びフロッグ１３を有する。擦弦楽器用弓１は、以下単に弓１と称する場合がある。弓毛５は、合成樹脂の一種であるポリフッ化ビニリデン（ＰＶＤＦ）からなる。図１Ｂは、弓毛５の長手方向に対して垂直な断面を示す。図１Ｂに示すように、弓毛５は、「ＰＶＤＦ」からなる線形状（円筒形状）の複数の毛（糸）５１を束ねることにより形成されてもよい。図１Ｂに示す例においては、簡略化のために、毛５１が１０本である場合を示している。しかしながら、毛５１の本数は１０本に限定されない。毛５１の本数は例えば、１００〜２００本であってもよい。毛５１として、一般的な「ＰＶＤＦ」製の毛（糸）を用いてもよい。弓毛５は、棹３のヘッド３Ａとフロッグ１３の間に張られている。馬毛からなる弓毛を棹に張る場合と同様の手法により、弓毛５を棹３に張ってもよい。[1. Outline of Embodiment of the Present Invention]
As shown in FIG. 1A, the bow 1 for a bowed musical instrument of this embodiment includes a heel 3, bow hair 5, a winding wire 7, a thumb grip 9, a screw 11, and a frog 13. The bow for bowed instruments 1 may be simply referred to as a bow 1 hereinafter. The bow 5 is made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) which is a kind of synthetic resin. FIG. 1B shows a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bow 5. As shown in FIG. 1B, the bow 5 may be formed by bundling a plurality of linear (cylindrical) hairs (threads) 51 made of “PVDF”. In the example shown to FIG. 1B, the case where the hair 51 is ten is shown for the simplification. However, the number of hairs 51 is not limited to ten. The number of the hairs 51 may be, for example, 100 to 200. As the hair 51, general “PVDF” hair (thread) may be used. The bow 5 is stretched between the head 3 </ b> A of the heel 3 and the frog 13. The bow 5 may be stretched on the heel 3 in the same manner as when bow arch made of horse hair is stretched on the heel.
毛５１の引張強さ（長手方向における引張強さ）は、１０Ｎ以上であってもよい。毛５１の引張強さは、１０Ｎ以上かつ５０Ｎ以下であってもよい。毛５１の引張強さは、１０Ｎ以上かつ１００Ｎ以下であってもよい。毛５１の直径は、０．１〜０．３ｍｍであってもよい。毛５１の直径が０．１２ｍｍである場合、毛５１の引張強さが１０Ｎ以上となる。毛５１の直径が０．３ｍｍである場合、毛５１の引張強さが６０Ｎ以上となる。ここでの引張強さは、毛５１の長さが２５０ｍｍで試験速度が３００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎである場合を基準とした値であってもよい。 The tensile strength (tensile strength in the longitudinal direction) of the hair 51 may be 10 N or more. The tensile strength of the hair 51 may be 10N or more and 50N or less. The tensile strength of the hair 51 may be 10N or more and 100N or less. The diameter of the hair 51 may be 0.1 to 0.3 mm. When the diameter of the hair 51 is 0.12 mm, the tensile strength of the hair 51 is 10 N or more. When the diameter of the hair 51 is 0.3 mm, the tensile strength of the hair 51 is 60 N or more. The tensile strength here may be a value based on the case where the length of the hair 51 is 250 mm and the test speed is 300 mm / min.
弓毛５を構成する毛５１の本数は、毛５１の直径に応じて設定してもよい。例えば、毛５１の直径が大きくなるほど、毛５１の本数を少なくしてもよい。これにより、弓毛５の総重量を一定とすることができる。例えば、毛５１の直径を０．２１３ｍｍに設定する場合、毛５１の本数を１５０本に設定してもよい。 The number of hairs 51 constituting the bow hair 5 may be set according to the diameter of the hair 51. For example, the number of hairs 51 may be reduced as the diameter of the hairs 51 increases. Thereby, the total weight of the bow 5 can be made constant. For example, when the diameter of the hair 51 is set to 0.213 mm, the number of the hairs 51 may be set to 150.
棹３は、繊維強化プラスチックからなる。棹３は、ガラス繊維強化プラスチック又はカーボン繊維強化プラスチック等を材料にして作られている。これにより、棹３は、フェルナンブコ材等が使用された木製の棹と比べると、強度が高く、耐候性、及び品質安定性に優れている。棹３として、一般的な繊維強化プラスチック製の棹を用いてもよい。 棹 3 consists of fiber reinforced plastic. The eaves 3 are made of glass fiber reinforced plastic or carbon fiber reinforced plastic. Thereby, compared with the wooden cage | basket in which Fernanbuco material etc. were used, the cage | basket 3 has high intensity | strength, and is excellent in a weather resistance and quality stability. As the ridge 3, a general fiber reinforced plastic ridge may be used.
[２．擦弦摩耗試験]
本実施形態の弓１について擦弦摩耗試験を行った。擦弦摩耗試験では、本実施形態の弓１をバイオリン弦のＤ線と垂直に交わるように電動スライダーに固定した。電動スライダーを動かして本実施形態の弓１がＤ線を摩擦しながら往復するように運弓させることにより、擦弦往復回数と弓毛を構成する毛５１が切れた本数の関係を調べた。[2. String abrasion test]
A bow abrasion test was performed on the bow 1 of the present embodiment. In the string abrasion test, the bow 1 of this embodiment was fixed to an electric slider so as to intersect perpendicularly with the D line of the violin string. By moving the electric slider so that the bow 1 of this embodiment reciprocates while rubbing the D line, the relationship between the number of reciprocations of the string and the number of broken hairs 51 constituting the bow hair was examined.
試験条件は以下の通りである。本実施形態の弓１の弓毛５として、「ＰＶＤＦ」製で直径が０．２１３ｍｍの１５０本の毛５１から構成される弓毛を使用した。弓毛５に塗布された松脂の量は、０．０５ｇであった。 The test conditions are as follows. As the bow hair 5 of the bow 1 of this embodiment, the bow hair comprised of 150 hairs 51 made of “PVDF” and having a diameter of 0.213 mm was used. The amount of pine resin applied to the bow hair 5 was 0.05 g.
電動スライダーによる運弓速度は、５０ｍｍ／ｓｅｃに設定した。運弓範囲（つまり、弓毛５が摩擦する往復範囲）は、フロッグ１３から弓毛５の全長の３分の１離れた点を中心とした５ｃｍの範囲に設定した。弓１に対して加えられる圧力として、上記運弓範囲の棹３上に総重量２５ｇの錘を等しくなるように分布した。擦弦位置（バイオリン弦のＤ線が弓毛５に摩擦される位置）は、バイオリンの指板と駒の中央に設定した。弓毛５の張り具合は、弓毛５の長手方向における中央位置から棹３までの間隔が１０ｍｍとなるように設定した。 The bowing speed by the electric slider was set to 50 mm / sec. The bowing range (that is, the reciprocating range in which the bow 5 rubs) was set to a range of 5 cm centered on a point one third of the length of the bow 5 away from the frog 13. As the pressure applied to the bow 1, a weight having a total weight of 25 g was distributed on the ridge 3 in the above-mentioned bow range so as to be equal. The rubbing position (the position where the D line of the violin string rubs against the bow 5) was set at the center of the violin fingerboard and the piece. The tension of the bow 5 was set so that the distance from the center position in the longitudinal direction of the bow 5 to the heel 3 was 10 mm.
同じ試験条件で、馬毛製の弓毛を備えた擦弦楽器用弓についても、擦弦摩耗試験を行った。 Under the same test conditions, a bow abrasion test was also performed on a bow for bowed instruments equipped with horse hair bows.
図２及び図３に試験結果を表す。図２に表すように、本実施形態の弓１に関しては、弦に対して弓を擦った往復回数が４９万回に達しても、弓毛５を構成する１５０本の毛５１は１本も切れなかった。これに対して、馬毛製の弓毛を備えた擦弦楽器用弓に関しては、図３に表すように、弦に対して弓を擦った往復回数が約３万回の時点で毛５１が１０本切れた。その後、弦に対して弓を擦った往復回数が１万回増える毎に毛５１が４本切れた。弦に対して弓を擦った往復回数が約１５万回に達した時点で、馬毛製の弓毛を構成する毛が約６０本切れた。すなわち、馬毛製の弓毛を構成する毛が３分の１を超える量減少した。 The test results are shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 2, with respect to the bow 1 of the present embodiment, even if the number of reciprocations of rubbing the bow against the string reaches 490,000, as many as 150 hairs 51 constituting the bow 5 are present. I couldn't cut it. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, in the bow for a bowed instrument having a bow made of horse hair, when the number of reciprocations of rubbing the bow against the string is about 30,000, the hair 51 is 10 times. The book has run out. Thereafter, every time the number of reciprocations in which the bow was rubbed against the string increased 10,000 times, four hairs 51 were cut. When the number of reciprocations in which the bow was rubbed against the string reached about 150,000, about 60 hairs constituting the bow made of horse hair were cut. That is, the hair constituting the bow hair made from horse hair was reduced by more than one third.
以上より、「ＰＶＤＦ」製の弓毛５は、馬毛製よりも演奏に対する耐久性に優れていることが認められた。 As described above, it was confirmed that the bow hair 5 made of “PVDF” is superior in durability to playing than that made of horse hair.
[３．吸水後の弓毛伸縮試験]
次に、弓毛５の材料となる「ＰＶＤＦ」製の毛５１及び馬毛について、吸水に関する弓毛伸縮試験を行った。弓毛伸縮試験では、吸水前の状態と吸水後の状態の各サンプルの全長を測定することにより、吸水に起因する弓毛の伸縮具合を調べた。[3. Bow hair stretch test after water absorption]
Next, a bow hair expansion / contraction test for water absorption was performed on the hair 51 and horse hair made of “PVDF” as the material of the bow hair 5. In the bow hair stretch test, the length of each bow hair stretch caused by water absorption was examined by measuring the total length of each sample before and after water absorption.
試験条件は以下の通りである。「ＰＶＤＦ」製の毛５１及び馬毛のサンプル数は、５本ずつとした。各サンプルの全長は、約１００ｍｍとした。「ＰＶＤＦ」製の毛５１のサンプルの直径は、０．２１３ｍｍとした。先ず、全サンプルの全長を測定した。次に、全サンプルを室温で２０ｍｌの水道水に１時間浸し（以下、「湿条件」という。）、その後に全サンプルの全長を測定した。次に、全サンプルを１２時間以上に渡って自然乾燥し（以下、「乾条件」という。）、その後に全サンプルの全長を測定した。 The test conditions are as follows. The number of samples of “PVDF” hair 51 and horse hair was five. The total length of each sample was about 100 mm. The diameter of the sample of the hair 51 made of “PVDF” was 0.213 mm. First, the total length of all samples was measured. Next, all samples were immersed in 20 ml of tap water at room temperature for 1 hour (hereinafter referred to as “wet conditions”), and then the total length of all samples was measured. Next, all the samples were naturally dried for 12 hours or longer (hereinafter referred to as “dry conditions”), and then the total lengths of all the samples were measured.
図４に試験結果を表す。図４に表すように、「ＰＶＤＦ」製の毛５１について、「湿条件」前の各全長（図４の「元」欄参照）は、９９．５ｍｍ、９９．０ｍｍ、９９．５ｍｍ、１００．５ｍｍ、及び９９．５ｍｍであり、それらの平均値（図４の「元（ａｖｅ．）」欄参照）が９９．６ｍｍであった。「ＰＶＤＦ」製の毛５１について、「湿条件」後の各全長（図４の「湿」欄参照）は、９９．０ｍｍ、１０１．０ｍｍ、９９．０ｍｍ、９９．５ｍｍ、及び９９．５ｍｍであり、それらの平均値（図４の「湿（ａｖｅ．）」欄参照）が９９．６ｍｍであった。「ＰＶＤＦ」製の毛５１について、「乾条件」後の各全長（図４の「乾」欄参照）は、９９．０ｍｍ、１００．５ｍｍ、９９．０ｍｍ、９９．５ｍｍ、及び９９．５ｍｍであり、それらの平均値（図４の「乾（ａｖｅ．）」欄参照）は９９．５ｍｍであった。 FIG. 4 shows the test results. As shown in FIG. 4, regarding the hair 51 made of “PVDF”, the total length before “wet condition” (refer to the “original” column in FIG. 4) is 99.5 mm, 99.0 mm, 99.5 mm, 100. They were 5 mm and 99.5 mm, and the average value thereof (see the “Ave.” column in FIG. 4) was 99.6 mm. About the hair 51 made from "PVDF", each full length (refer to the "humidity" column of FIG. 4) after "wet conditions" is 99.0 mm, 101.0 mm, 99.0 mm, 99.5 mm, and 99.5 mm. The average value thereof (see the “wet (ave.)” Column in FIG. 4) was 99.6 mm. About the hair 51 made from "PVDF", each full length (refer to the "dry" column of FIG. 4) after "dry condition" is 99.0 mm, 100.5 mm, 99.0 mm, 99.5 mm, and 99.5 mm. The average value (see the “Dry (Ave.)” column in FIG. 4) was 99.5 mm.
つまり、「ＰＶＤＦ」製の毛５１については、「湿条件」前の状態に対する水道水に１時間浸した後の状態の伸縮具合が、平均値（図４の「Δ湿−元」欄参照）で０．０ｍｍであった。また、「湿条件」前の状態に対する１２時間以上に渡って自然乾燥した後の状態の伸縮具合が、平均値（図４の「Δ乾−元」欄参照）で−０．１ｍｍであった。 In other words, for the hair 51 made of “PVDF”, the expansion / contraction state of the state after being immersed in tap water for 1 hour with respect to the state before the “humid condition” is an average value (see the “Δ humidity-source” column in FIG. 4) It was 0.0 mm. In addition, the expansion and contraction in the state after natural drying over 12 hours or more with respect to the state before the “wet condition” was −0.1 mm as an average value (see the “Δ dry-source” column in FIG. 4). .
同様にして、馬毛については、「湿条件」前の状態に対する水道水に１時間浸した後の状態の伸縮具合が、平均値（図４の「Δ湿−元」欄参照）で０．０ｍｍであった。その後、「湿条件」前の状態に対する１２時間以上に渡って自然乾燥した後の伸縮具合が、平均値差（図４の「Δ乾−元」欄参照）で−０．６ｍｍであった。 Similarly, for horse hair, the expansion / contraction state of the state after being immersed in tap water for 1 hour with respect to the state before the “wet condition” is an average value (see the “Δ humidity-source” column in FIG. 4) of 0. It was 0 mm. Thereafter, the expansion / contraction condition after natural drying over 12 hours or more with respect to the state before the “wet condition” was −0.6 mm in terms of the average value difference (see the “Δ dry-source” column in FIG. 4).
以上より、「ＰＶＤＦ」製の毛５１は、水道水に１時間浸された後の伸縮具合について、馬毛と同様に小さいことが認められた。また、「ＰＶＤＦ」製の毛５１は、水道水に１時間浸された後に乾かした後の伸縮具合について、馬毛よりも優れていることが認められた。 From the above, it was confirmed that the hair 51 made of “PVDF” was as small as the horse hair with respect to the expansion and contraction after being immersed in tap water for 1 hour. Moreover, it was recognized that the hair 51 made of “PVDF” is superior to horse hair in terms of the stretchability after being dipped in tap water for 1 hour and then dried.
従って、本実施形態において、「ＰＶＤＦ」製の弓毛５は、水に対する伸縮度が小さい。よって、弓毛５を湿らせる製作工程で弓毛５の寸法が安定する利点がある。弓毛５の寸法が安定することは、弓毛５の製作工程だけでなく、通常の環境においても有益である。すなわち、通常の環境下においても湿度が変化することがある。ここで、通常の環境下で湿度が変化する状態とは、例えば、日本又は外国での雨季および乾季により湿度が変化する状態をいう（以下、「通常の湿度変化状態」という。）。通常の湿度変化状態においても、「ＰＶＤＦ」製の弓毛５は、その寸法が安定する。このため、棹３に力が作用する状況（例えば、湿度の低下により弓毛５が縮むことで棹３が引っ張られる状況）を少なくすることが期待できる。さらに、本実施形態において、棹３は、繊維強化プラスチック製である。このため、棹３は、棹が一般的な材料である木製である場合と比べると、強度が高く、耐候性、及び品質安定性等に優れ、水に対する伸縮度が殆どないという性質を有する。よって、弓毛５を湿らせる製作工程で棹３の寸法が安定する利点がある。棹３の寸法が安定することは、弓毛５の製作工程に限らず、通常の環境においても有益である。通常の湿度変化状態においても、繊維強化プラスチック製の棹３は、その寸法が安定する。このため、反り量の変化及びねじれの発生等のリスクを抑えることが期待できる。従って、「ＰＶＤＦ」製の弓毛５及び繊維強化プラスチック製の棹３を使用した場合には、弓毛５を湿らせる製作工程及び通常の湿度変化状態で弓毛５の寸法が著しく安定する利点がある。 Therefore, in the present embodiment, the “PVDF” bow hair 5 has a small degree of stretching with respect to water. Therefore, there is an advantage that the dimension of the bow hair 5 is stabilized in the manufacturing process of moistening the bow hair 5. The stabilization of the dimensions of the bow 5 is beneficial not only in the manufacturing process of the bow 5 but also in a normal environment. That is, the humidity may change even under a normal environment. Here, the state in which the humidity changes under a normal environment refers to a state in which the humidity changes due to, for example, the rainy season and the dry season in Japan or abroad (hereinafter referred to as “normal humidity change state”). Even in a normal humidity change state, the dimension of the “PVDF” bow 5 is stable. For this reason, it can be expected that the situation in which force acts on the heel 3 (for example, the situation in which the heel 3 is pulled by contraction of the bow 5 due to a decrease in humidity) is reduced. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the collar 3 is made of fiber reinforced plastic. For this reason, the heel 3 has properties such as higher strength, superior weather resistance, quality stability, and the like, and almost no degree of stretching with respect to water, as compared with a case where the cocoon is a common material such as wood. Therefore, there is an advantage that the dimension of the heel 3 is stabilized in the manufacturing process of moistening the bow hair 5. The stabilization of the size of the heel 3 is beneficial not only in the manufacturing process of the bow 5 but also in a normal environment. Even in a normal humidity change state, the size of the fiber-reinforced plastic cage 3 is stable. For this reason, it can be expected to suppress risks such as changes in the amount of warpage and occurrence of twist. Therefore, when the “PVDF” bow 5 and the fiber reinforced plastic collar 3 are used, the manufacturing process of moistening the bow 5 and the advantage that the dimensions of the bow 5 are remarkably stabilized in a normal humidity change state. There is.
[４．演奏持続試験]
次に、本実施形態の弓１について演奏持続試験を行った。演奏持続試験では、本実施形態の弓１を弾き込んだ際に、音が掠れていないかおよび演奏性がどのぐらい持続するかを評価した。[4. Continuous performance test]
Next, a performance continuation test was performed on the bow 1 of the present embodiment. In the performance continuation test, when the bow 1 of this embodiment was struck, it was evaluated whether the sound was not heard and how long the performance was maintained.
試験条件は以下の通りである。「ＰＶＤＦ」製の弓毛５に塗布する松脂の量は、０．０５ｇとした。試験の途中で松脂を弓毛５に継ぎ足して塗布しなかった。弓毛５の張り具合に関しては、棹３の長さ方向の中心位置で棹３から弓毛５までの間隔が７ｍｍとなるように設定した。弓毛５が摩擦しながら往復して弾き込まれるバイオリン弦は、Ａ線とした。弾き込み回数は、ダウン・アップ順の運弓で１回とカウントした。ダウン・アップ順の運弓では、先ず、弓毛５を元から先にＡ線を擦るようにダウンボウを行い、次に、弓毛５を先から元にＡ線を擦るようにアップボウを行った。従って、ダウンボウとアップボウでは、棹３のヘッド３Ａからフロッグ１３まで弓毛５が往復する。カウント数が１００回増える毎に評価を行った。評価は、カウント数が１０００回に到達するまで行った。音の評価として、音が掠れていないかを評価とした。演奏性の評価は、弾き込みを行った奏者の感覚評価である。演奏性の評価として、弓毛５がバイオリン弦を問題なく擦っているか、滑っていないかを判断した。音および演奏性は、「○」（良）、「△」（可）、及び「×」（不可）の三段階で評価した。 The test conditions are as follows. The amount of pine resin applied to the “PVDF” bow 5 was 0.05 g. During the test, pine resin was added to bow hair 5 and not applied. The tension of the bow hair 5 was set so that the distance from the bow 3 to the bow hair 5 was 7 mm at the center position in the length direction of the collar 3. The violin string that the bow 5 is reciprocated while being rubbed is the A line. The number of shots was counted as one with a bowing down and up order. In bowing in the order of down and up, first, the down bow was performed so as to rub the A line from the bow hair 5 first, and then the up bow was performed so as to rub the A line from the bow hair 5 first. . Accordingly, the bow 5 reciprocates from the head 3 </ b> A of the heel 3 to the frog 13 in the down bow and the up bow. Evaluation was performed every time the count number increased 100 times. Evaluation was performed until the count reached 1000 times. As an evaluation of sound, it was evaluated whether or not sound was heard. The performance evaluation is a sensory evaluation of the player who performed the playing. As an evaluation of performance, it was determined whether the bow 5 was rubbing the violin string without any problem or not slipping. The sound and performance were evaluated in three stages: “◯” (good), “Δ” (possible), and “x” (impossible).
演奏持続試験は、馬毛製の弓毛を備えた擦弦楽器用弓についても、同じ試験条件で行った。 The performance continuation test was also carried out under the same test conditions on a bow for bowed instruments equipped with horse hair bows.
図５に試験結果を表す。図５に表すように、音の評価については、「ＰＶＤＦ」製の弓毛を備えた擦弦楽器用弓、つまり、本実施形態の弓１を用いた場合、馬毛製の弓毛を備えた擦弦楽器用弓を用いた場合と比べて、掠れてない音の演奏が長く続くことが認められた。 FIG. 5 shows the test results. As shown in FIG. 5, for the evaluation of the sound, when using the bow for a bowed instrument with a “PVDF” bow, that is, when using the bow 1 of the present embodiment, a bow made of horse hair was provided. Compared with the bow for bowed instruments, it was recognized that the performance of unsounding sounds lasted longer.
演奏性の評価については、「ＰＶＤＦ」製の弓毛を備えた擦弦楽器用弓は、馬毛製の弓毛を備えた擦弦楽器用弓とほぼ同等に、滑らない演奏感が長く続くことが認められた。 Regarding evaluation of performance, a bow for a bowed instrument with a bow made of “PVDF” is almost equivalent to a bow for a bowed instrument with a bow made of horse hair. Admitted.
以上より、本実施形態の弓１は、「ＰＶＤＦ」製の弓毛５を備えることにより、馬毛製の弓毛を備えた擦弦楽器用弓と比べ、弾き込み回数に対して音の掠れや演奏感で遜色のない音を出すといえる。 As described above, the bow 1 according to the present embodiment includes the “PVDF” bow hair 5, so that the bowing of the sound can be reduced with respect to the number of times of plucking compared to the bow for a bowed instrument with the bow hair made of horse hair. It can be said that it produces a sound that is inferior to the performance.
[５．表面様相の拡大観察]
次に、本実施形態の弓１について、弓毛５に松脂が残留している度合いを確認するために、弓毛５を構成する毛５１を一本サンプリングし、その１本の毛５１の長手方向における中央を第１から第４の条件下で光学電子顕微鏡（倍率：５００倍）で撮影した。第１の条件は、弓毛５に松脂を塗布する前である。第２の条件は、弓毛５に松脂を塗布した後であって、弓１で弾き込みを開始する前である。第３の条件は、弓毛５に松脂を塗布した後であって、本実施形態の弓１で３００回の弾き込み（３００回の往復運動）を行った後である。第４の条件は、弓毛５に松脂を塗布した後であって、本実施形態の弓１で１０００回の弾き込み（１０００回の往復運動）を行った後である。[5. Magnified observation of surface appearance]
Next, with respect to the bow 1 of the present embodiment, in order to confirm the degree of pine resin remaining in the bow hair 5, one hair 51 constituting the bow hair 5 is sampled, and the length of the one hair 51 is measured. The center in the direction was photographed with an optical electron microscope (magnification: 500 times) under the first to fourth conditions. The first condition is before the pine resin is applied to the bow 5. The second condition is after applying rosin to the bow hair 5 and before starting to push in the bow 1. The third condition is after pine resin is applied to the bow hair 5 and after 300 times of repelling (300 reciprocating motions) with the bow 1 of the present embodiment. The fourth condition is after pine resin is applied to the bow hair 5 and after 1000 times of plunging (1000 reciprocating motions) with the bow 1 of the present embodiment.
図６は、第１の条件下における毛５１を撮影することにより得られた写真を表す。図７は、第２の条件下における毛５１を撮影することにより得られた写真を表す。図８は、第３の条件下における毛５１を撮影することにより得られた写真を表す。図９は、第４の条件下における毛５１を撮影することにより得られた写真を表す。図６〜９に表すように、松脂は、１０００回の弾き込みが行われる際に生じる弦との摩擦により無くなっていき、毛５１の表面に塗り延ばされ局所的に剥がされた様相に変化する。図８に示すように、３００回の弾き込み後の状態において、松脂粒子は、細かくあるいは潰されたような形状に変化するが、毛５１の表面に残留していることが確認された。同様に、図９に示すように、１０００回の弾き込み後の状態において、松脂粒子は、細かくあるいは潰されたような形状に変化するが、毛５１の表面に残留していることが確認された。 FIG. 6 shows a photograph obtained by photographing the hair 51 under the first condition. FIG. 7 shows a photograph obtained by photographing the hair 51 under the second condition. FIG. 8 shows a photograph obtained by photographing the hair 51 under the third condition. FIG. 9 shows a photograph obtained by photographing the hair 51 under the fourth condition. As shown in FIGS. 6 to 9, the pine resin disappears due to friction with the strings that occur when 1000 times of repelling is performed, and changes to a state where it is spread on the surface of the hair 51 and locally peeled off. To do. As shown in FIG. 8, it was confirmed that the pine resin particles changed to a fine or crushed shape after 300 engravings, but remained on the surface of the hair 51. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 9, it is confirmed that the pine resin particles change into a fine or crushed shape after 1000 engravings, but remain on the surface of the hair 51. It was.
よって、本実施形態における「ＰＶＤＦ」製の弓毛５は、松脂との相性が良いことから、松脂の付着性が高いといえる。 Therefore, since the “PVDF” bow hair 5 in this embodiment has good compatibility with pine resin, it can be said that the adhesion of pine resin is high.
[６．引張試験]
次に、本実施形態の弓毛５を構成する毛５１について引張試験を行った。引張試験では、毛５１の引張強さを評価した。
試験条件は以下の通りである。本実施形態の弓毛５を構成する「ＰＶＤＦ」製の一本の毛５１を試験片として用いた。「ＰＶＤＦ」製の毛５１は、２５０ｍｍの長さを有し、その径は０．１６５ｍｍであった。馬毛製の弓毛を構成する一本の毛についても、引張試験を行った。馬毛製の毛は、２５０ｍｍの長さを有し、その径は０．２０〜０．２３ｍｍであった。引張試験の試験速度は、３００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎであった。
図１０は、引張試験の結果を表す。図１０の横軸は伸び［％］を示す。図１０の縦軸は力［Ｎ］を示す。引張試験の結果として、「ＰＶＤＦ」製の毛５１および馬毛製の毛のいずれに対しても破断するまで荷重を加えることにより得られた結果を示す。図１０において、実線Ｌ１は「ＰＶＤＦ」製の毛５１の試験結果を示す。破線Ｌ２は馬毛製の毛の試験結果を示す。図１０に表すように、「ＰＶＤＦ」製の毛５１は、１０Ｎ以上であって６０Ｎ以下の引張強さを有する。一方で、馬毛製の毛は、３〜５Ｎの引張強さを有する。
以上より、「ＰＶＤＦ」製の毛５１は、馬毛製の毛よりも高い引張強さを有することが認められた。
本実施形態の弓毛５は、「ＰＶＤＦ」製の毛５１によって構成されているため、引っ掛かりなどにより大きい力が加わった場合に、馬毛製の弓毛よりも破断しにくいという利点を有する。[6. Tensile test]
Next, the tensile test was done about the hair 51 which comprises the bow 5 of this embodiment. In the tensile test, the tensile strength of the hair 51 was evaluated.
The test conditions are as follows. One hair 51 made of “PVDF” constituting the bow 5 of the present embodiment was used as a test piece. The hair 51 made of “PVDF” had a length of 250 mm and a diameter of 0.165 mm. Tensile tests were also performed on a single hair constituting the bow hair made of horse hair. The hair made from horse hair had a length of 250 mm and a diameter of 0.20 to 0.23 mm. The test speed of the tensile test was 300 mm / min.
FIG. 10 shows the results of the tensile test. The horizontal axis in FIG. 10 indicates elongation [%]. The vertical axis in FIG. 10 indicates force [N]. As a result of the tensile test, a result obtained by applying a load until both the hair 51 made of “PVDF” and the hair made of horse hair are broken is shown. In FIG. 10, the solid line L <b> 1 indicates the test result of the hair 51 made of “PVDF”. A broken line L2 shows the test result of horse hair. As shown in FIG. 10, the hair 51 made of “PVDF” has a tensile strength of 10N or more and 60N or less. On the other hand, the hair made from horse hair has a tensile strength of 3 to 5N.
From the above, it was confirmed that the hair 51 made of “PVDF” had higher tensile strength than the hair made of horse hair.
Since the bow 5 of the present embodiment is constituted by the “PVDF” hair 51, it has an advantage that it is less likely to break than the horse hair bow when a greater force is applied to the hook or the like.
［７．その他］
本発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものでなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で様々な変更が可能である。
例えば、本実施形態の弓１は、バイオリン用弓に限定されず、ビオラ用弓、チェロ用弓、又はコントラバス用弓等であっても良い。[7. Others]
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, the bow 1 of the present embodiment is not limited to a violin bow, and may be a viola bow, a cello bow, a contrabass bow, or the like.
本発明の実施形態に係る擦弦楽器用弓は、棹と、前記棹に張られたポリフッ化ビニリデンからなる弓毛とを備える。
上記の擦弦楽器用弓が備える弓毛は、「ＰＶＤＦ」からなる。よって、松脂の付着性が高く、さらに、水に対する伸縮性が低く、馬毛とほぼ遜色のない音色をより出すことができる。A bow for a bowed musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a scissors and bow hair made of polyvinylidene fluoride stretched on the scissors.
The bow of the bow for a bowed instrument is made of “PVDF”. Therefore, the adhesiveness of pine resin is high, the elasticity to water is low, and a tone that is almost inferior to horse hair can be produced.
上記の擦弦楽器用弓において、前記棹は、繊維強化プラスチックからなってもよい。 In the bow for a bowed instrument described above, the hook may be made of a fiber reinforced plastic.
上記の擦弦楽器用弓では、棹が繊維強化プラスチックからなる。繊維強化プラスチック製の棹は、本来の材料である木製の棹と比べると、強度が高く、耐候性、経済性、及び品質安定性に優れる。 In the bow for a bowed instrument, the heel is made of fiber reinforced plastic. Fibre-reinforced plastic cocoons have higher strength and superior weather resistance, economic efficiency, and quality stability than wooden cocoons that are the original materials.
繊維強化プラスチックの具体例は、ガラス繊維強化プラスチックおよびカーボン繊維強化プラスチックを含む。 Specific examples of fiber reinforced plastic include glass fiber reinforced plastic and carbon fiber reinforced plastic.
本発明は、擦弦楽器用弓に適用してもよい。 The present invention may be applied to bows for bowed instruments.
１ 擦弦楽器用弓
３ 棹
５ 弓毛1 Bow for bowed instrument 3 棹 5 Bow hair
Claims (5)
前記棹に張られたポリフッ化ビニリデンからなる弓毛と、
を備える擦弦楽器用弓。 棹,
Bow hair made of polyvinylidene fluoride stretched on the heel,
A bow for bowed instruments.
前記複数の毛各々の引張強さは、１０Ｎ以上である
請求項１または２に記載の擦弦楽器用弓。 The bow hair includes a plurality of hairs made of polyvinylidene fluoride,
The bow for a bowed instrument according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tensile strength of each of the plurality of hairs is 10N or more.
前記複数の毛各々の直径は、０．１２ｍｍ以上である
請求項１または２に記載の擦弦楽器用弓。 The bow hair includes a plurality of hairs made of polyvinylidene fluoride,
The bow for a bowed instrument according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each of the plurality of hairs has a diameter of 0.12 mm or more.
請求項４に記載の擦弦楽器用弓。 Each of the plurality of hairs has a diameter of 0.3 mm or less.
The bow for a bowed musical instrument according to claim 4 .
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| JP2016059590 | 2016-03-24 | ||
| JP2016059590 | 2016-03-24 | ||
| PCT/JP2016/080228 WO2017163469A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2016-10-12 | Bow for bowed string musical instrument |
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| JPWO2017163469A1 JPWO2017163469A1 (en) | 2018-07-19 |
| JP6575676B2 true JP6575676B2 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
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| CN112513973B (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2024-05-17 | 雅马哈株式会社 | Bow hair material and bow for string instrument |
| JP7382609B1 (en) | 2022-09-12 | 2023-11-17 | 国立大学法人東京工業大学 | Artificial bow for a bowed stringed instrument and a bow for a bowed stringed instrument having the same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1524958A (en) * | 1974-11-29 | 1978-09-13 | Parkyns R | Bows for musical instruments |
| DE2914606B2 (en) * | 1979-04-11 | 1981-06-11 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | String made of plastic, process for their manufacture and use of a string with certain properties |
| JP3290493B2 (en) * | 1993-02-12 | 2002-06-10 | 呉羽合繊株式会社 | Core material for musical instrument strings and musical instrument strings using the core material |
| US6835454B1 (en) * | 1999-08-24 | 2004-12-28 | Stuart Karl Randa | Fluoropolymer modification of strings for stringed sports equipment and musical instruments |
| JP3507003B2 (en) * | 2000-04-21 | 2004-03-15 | 呉羽化学工業株式会社 | Polyvinylidene fluoride black monofilament and method for producing the same |
| CN101276578B (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2011-04-13 | 雅马哈株式会社 | String for musical instrument and method for manufacturing the same |
| WO2009039538A1 (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2009-04-02 | Thomastik-Infeld Gesellschaft M.B.H. | String of a musical instrument |
| DE102011052655A1 (en) * | 2010-10-08 | 2012-11-29 | Aleksej Poletajev | Cadded yarn for bowing |
| JP6151773B2 (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2017-06-21 | ブノワ ロラン， | Stringed bow |
| JP6186164B2 (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2017-08-23 | クレハ合繊株式会社 | Strings for musical instruments |
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2016
- 2016-10-12 WO PCT/JP2016/080228 patent/WO2017163469A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-10-12 CN CN201680083588.9A patent/CN108885859A/en active Pending
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| JPWO2017163469A1 (en) | 2018-07-19 |
| WO2017163469A1 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
| CN108885859A (en) | 2018-11-23 |
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