JP7083986B1 - Offshore wind generator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide high added value to each device such as an actuator for pitch control, an actuator for turning control, a speed increasing machine, and a mechanical brake, which are necessary for a current wind power generator, and construction cost and maintenance cost are required. To provide low-cost offshore wind power generation to expand wind power generation in the future. SOLUTION: In offshore wind power generation, which is expected to increase in the future, by substituting the functions of those devices with other devices, an economical wind power generator capable of reducing construction costs and maintenance costs will be provided. .. A plurality of blades are attached radially around the horizontal rotation axis in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis to form a wind body 7, and the wind body 7 is floated on the sea surface by a float 8 with a screw 14. Further, by mooring the float so as to be rotatable in the horizontal direction by the tower 10 protruding above the sea surface, it is possible to turn the direction of the wind receiving surface of the wind body 7 according to the wind direction and obtain an effective power generation output. And. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

The present invention relates to an offshore wind power generator suitable for being installed at sea to generate electric power.

With the recent demand for increased use of renewable energy, it is expected that the construction of offshore wind power generators will increase in the future. On the ocean, there are few obstacles that block the wind from the ground, and the wind direction and speed are more steady than on the ground, so it is expected that stable power can be obtained. The offshore wind power generation equipment currently in practical use has basically not changed the structure of the wind power generator used on land, and has been relocated to the sea where there are few restrictions on installation compared to the use of land. It is a thing.

Wind turbines commonly used for large wind power generators are wind turbines called horizontal axis propeller type wind turbines with three long blades attached to the ends of the horizontal rotating shaft, and the rotational force of the rotating shaft is applied. It is transmitted to the drive shaft of the generator to generate electricity. This type of wind power generator has a function to change the angle of arrival of the blade with respect to the wind direction in order to efficiently convert the wind power into rotational force and to prevent damage to the blade during strong winds such as typhoons (hereinafter referred to as pitch control). It also has a function to rotate the wind receiving surface of the wind body according to the wind direction (hereinafter referred to as turning control), and a speed increaser ^{* 1)} to obtain the number of rotations required for power generation. All of these accessories have high added value and are expensive, and the increase in weight of the combination of these devices as a component (hereinafter referred to as nacelle) is one of the factors for the increase in construction cost and maintenance cost. It is thought that there is.
Note * 1) Since the rotation speed of the wind turbine itself of a wind power generator is as slow as 10 to 20 rotations per minute, a device that accelerates the rotation speed several tens to 100 times in order to obtain the rotation speed required for power generation. (See Non-Patent Bunken 1, page 68)

To solve the problems of the horizontally-axis propeller-type wind turbines that are currently in widespread use, wind turbines that rotate in the horizontal direction with the rotation axis of the wind turbines vertical (straight-line next vertical-axis wind turbine, Non-Patent Document 1, p. 84) are used for offshore wind power generation. I have a suggestion that I applied. This is an offshore wind power generator (Patent Bunken 1) that supports the rotating shaft of a wind turbine by a plurality of floats floating on the surface of the water and transmits the rotational force of the rotating shaft to the generator drive shaft to generate electricity. However, the straight next vertical axis type wind turbine has the advantage that it does not require turning control to adjust the wind receiving surface to the wind direction, but on the other hand, it depends on the torque acting on the rotating shaft by the blade pushed by the wind and the blade moving in the direction opposite to the wind direction. Since torque in the opposite direction acts on the rotating shaft at the same time, it is considered that there is a characteristic that it is difficult to obtain sufficient output as compared with the horizontal axis propeller type wind turbine.

Regarding measures against damage when strong winds such as typhoons occur in propeller-type offshore wind power generators, the tower that supports the nacelle, which is a component of the wind body and accessories, is equipped with an elevating device, and when strong winds occur, the nacelle descends to a position close to the sea surface. It has been proposed to avoid damage by making the nacelle (Patent Bunken 2). However, in propeller-type offshore wind turbines, which currently have nacelle weights exceeding several tens of tons, a highly reliable lifting device that can safely raise and lower the nacelle and stably support the nacelle during normal operation. It seems to be technically difficult to realize.

WO2012 / 035610A1 "Aggregation of water natural energy utilization equipment and water energy utilization power generation equipment" Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-263077 "Offshore Wind Power Generation Equipment"

"Tokoton-friendly wind power generation book" B & T Books, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun

One of the problems to be solved is that the number of wind power generators using horizontal axis propeller type wind turbines that are generally used at present is one compared to the straight next vertical axis type wind turbines described in paragraph 0004 of the (Background Technology) chapter. While it is advantageous to have a large power output per unit, as described in paragraph 0003 of the Background Techniques chapter, it is necessary to equip auxiliary devices such as pitch control actuators, turning control actuators, and speed increasers. Since all of the attached devices have high added value and are expensive, it is necessary to reduce the price by improving the technology in order to expand the wind power generation in the future.

Furthermore, as one of the functions required for large wind power generators used for power generation business, when the generated electric output is connected to the power system and supplied as a power source, the load on the power system is cut off due to a power failure or the like. When it occurs, the wind turbine speeds up ( so-called idling) with no load, so countermeasures are required. Today's large-scale wind power generators are equipped with a device ( generally called a mechanical brake) that reduces the rotational speed of a wind turbine that has become unloaded within a short period of time.

As mentioned above, many of the accessories attached to conventional wind power generators are expensive, and the price of the wind power generator itself ( so-called cost) is generally expensive and tends to be expensive to construct. , It was disadvantageous for the expansion of wind power generation. At the same time, even in the operation as a power generation facility, it is economically disadvantageous that each accessory device requires regular maintenance once or twice a year, which is costly.

For offshore wind power generation, which is expected to increase in the future, it is necessary to carry out construction of power generation equipment and regular maintenance work at sea where work conditions are strict, and improvement of the wind power generator reduces the burden of construction work and maintenance work. However, controlling costs is considered to be one of the challenges in increasing offshore wind power generation.

At the same time, in order to increase the economic effect of the wind power generator, the output per wind power generator of the horizontal axis propeller type wind turbine is still aimed to increase, and the weight of the entire wind power generator may increase accordingly. As expected, it is expected that turning control will become technically difficult with current wind power generators that turn and control nacelles equipped with three blades at the top of a tower that exceeds several tens of meters.
Therefore, it is considered necessary to simplify the configuration of the wind power generator and realize cost reduction by substituting the functions required for the horizontal axis propeller type wind turbine described above with other devices.

The offshore wind power generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention is configured as follows.
A horizontal bearing is installed above the pedestal by the support mounted on the pedestal, a horizontal rotating shaft is attached to this bearing, and a blade that receives wind around the rotating shaft to generate force is attached to the rotating shaft. Install multiple sheets in a radial direction with respect to the vertical. Further, a cylindrical frame having the same center as the rotation axis and having a radius from the center to the middle or the tip of the blade and having an outer surface forms a wind body by connecting the middle of the blades or the tips to each other. .. This wind turbine is a horizontal axis wind turbine with a vertical receiving surface. Further, the pedestal is held above the water surface by using a float arranged concentrically on the water surface centering on the lower part of the center of the wind body on the water surface and a support column installed on the float. With the above configuration, the wind body is in a state of floating on the water surface.

At the same time, the base is fixed to the bottom of the sea, a tower whose tip protrudes vertically above the sea surface is installed, and a slide bar with a rectangular cross section is attached to the tip of the tower. A slide head that can slide in the vertical direction with respect to the slide bar and a mooring device that is fitted to the slide head and has a turning ring whose outer peripheral portion can rotate in the horizontal direction are inserted into the slide bar. Further, a plurality of mooring ropes connect the outer peripheral portion of the turning ring and the support column attached to the float. With the above combination, the wind body floats on the water surface and is connected to the tower, so that the wind receiving surface can be oriented 360 degrees in any direction around the tower.

Further , a propulsion device (hereinafter referred to as a screw) having a fixed mounting angle with respect to each float is mounted in the water on the front side and the rear side of the float, and the float is moved forward or backward by this screw to move the float forward or backward to receive the wind surface of the wind body. Rotate clockwise and counterclockwise when viewed from above. With the above configuration, it is possible to control the turning of the wind receiving surface in any direction according to the wind direction. A power generation output can be obtained by transmitting the rotational force of the rotating shaft generated by the wind body combining these to the drive shaft of the generator directly or via the speed increaser.

In the offshore wind power generator according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the brake shoe, the brake arm that holds and operates the brake shoe, and the cylinder are attached to the turning ring on the outer peripheral portion of the mooring device. The movement of the turning ring is temporarily stopped by pressing the brake shoe against the slide head inside the turning ring. As a result, the direction of the wind body is kept and stabilized in a fixed direction with respect to the irregularly changing wind direction, and as a result, a stable power generation output can be obtained.

In the offshore wind power generator according to the third embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of spokes are radially attached to the outside of the horizontal rotation axis, the center is the same as the rotation axis, and the radius is from the center to the tip of the spoke . The blade is attached by the inner frame of the blade, and the cylindrical outer frame having the same center as the rotation axis and the radius from the center to the middle or the tip of the blade and having an outer surface allows the blades to be attached to each other in the middle or to the tip. Connect each other to form a wind car body. With the above configuration, the wind passes through the part where the spokes on the wind body receiving surface are attached and the air resistance decreases, so the efficiency of the wind body is improved and the power generation efficiency by the power generated by the wind body can be expected to improve. ..

In the offshore wind power generator according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, wheels are attached to the drive shaft of the generator, and the traveling surface of the wheels is brought into contact with the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical frame. By making the diameter of the wheel in contact with the outer periphery of the frame smaller than the diameter of the frame of the wind body, the rotation speed of the wheel increases more than the rotation speed of the frame, and the high rotation speed required for power generation is obtained. , Effective power output is possible.

In the offshore wind power generator according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the wheel of the generator drive shaft that comes into contact with the outer peripheral portion of the frame is pressed against the frame by using a spring or the like, so that the frictional force of the contact portion between the frame and the wheel is generated. Since it can be increased and slippage can be prevented, stable power generation output can be expected.

In the offshore wind power generator according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, the mooring floating body is placed on the lower sea surface at the center of the wind body, and the weight is attached to the sea below the mooring floating body. A mooring post having a circular cross section is installed upward on the upper side of the mooring float, and a mooring ring that fits with the mooring post and is rotatable in the horizontal direction is attached to the tip of the mooring post. By connecting the outer peripheral portion of the mooring ring and the support column attached to the float with a plurality of mooring ropes, the wind vehicle body is integrated with the mooring floating body and floats on the sea surface. Further, a plurality of anchors are installed on the seabed at a distance wider than the external dimensions of the mooring float, and the mooring float and the anchor are connected by using a plurality of bars inclined with respect to the sea surface. With this combination, the mooring float stays in the same position while following changes in the seawater level due to the tide level and waves, so that the wind vehicle body connected to the mooring float by the mooring rope also stays in the same position and can rotate in the horizontal direction. Further, the mounting angle of the screw 14 with respect to the float 8 is fixed, and by propelling the float 8 either forward or backward by the screw 14, the wind receiving surface is turned in an arbitrary direction according to the wind direction. Control is possible.

In the offshore wind power generator according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, a wind direction meter for measuring the wind direction and an anemometer for measuring the strength of the wind are installed in the vicinity of the wind body, and the wind direction obtained by these measuring machines. Information about the wind speed is sequentially transmitted to the control panel as a signal, and necessary information such as the angle of the mooring device, the number of rotations of the wind turbine, and the power failure of the ground power system is transmitted to the control panel, and these information are transmitted in the control panel. Is processed, and the result is used to operate and stop the screw. This makes it possible to automatically and appropriately operate the wind power generator based on the wind direction, wind speed, and other necessary operating information.

In the offshore wind power generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention, all the components such as the wind body, the auxiliary devices necessary for power generation, the support, the support, etc. are placed on the float and floated on the water surface, and the screw attached to the float is used. The wind receiving surface of the wind body is turned according to the wind direction. In the conventional wind power generator, a powerful turning control actuator is required to rotate the nacelle, which has become heavier as a result of accommodating the components, in the horizontal direction on the tower. By replacing the above with a screw attached to the float, it is possible to easily control the turning even if the weight of the wind turbine or other equipment increases.
In addition, the mounting angle of the screw to the float is fixed, and turning control is possible simply by operating or stopping either the screw that propels the float forward or backward, which has the effect of simplifying the turning control logic. Can also be expected.

Further, in the offshore wind power generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention, when a strong wind such as a typhoon occurs, the wind receiving surface of the wind body is turned in a direction along the wind direction, so that the wind receiving surface does not receive the strong wind from the front. It is possible to avoid an increase in the number of rotations, and when the wind receiving surface of the wind body is turned in the direction along the wind direction, the outer surface of the cylindrical frame blocks the wind on the wind side of the blade and hits the blade of strong wind directly. Can be blocked. Therefore, it is possible to replace the function of the blade pitch control actuator required in the conventional wind power generator with a screw attached to the float, and to avoid damage to the blade and the generator during strong winds.

In addition, the blade of the offshore wind power generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention is configured to be held at two places, a mounting portion on the rotation shaft and a mounting portion on a frame configured by concentric circles with the rotation shaft. .. Compared to the structure in which only the base side of the blade is attached to the rotating shaft and held like a conventional general wind power generator, the strength of the wind turbine body is increased and the reliability is improved. In addition, in the conventional wind power generator, the number of blades is generally three due to the limitation of the installation space of the blade pitch control device, but in the offshore wind power generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the number of blades can be increased. Since it is possible, an increase in output can be expected.

Further, the offshore wind turbine according to the first embodiment of the present invention has a screw that rotates the surplus energy of the generator generated when the generator is stopped or when the load is cut off due to a power system power failure, etc., in a clockwise direction attached to the float. By simultaneously rotating and consuming the screws that turn counterclockwise at the same time, it is possible to prevent the speed increase due to the idling of the wind turbine body and prevent the generator from being damaged. This makes it possible to replace the rotating shaft braking device required for conventional wind power generators.

As described above, in the offshore wind power generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the turning control actuator, pitch control actuator, and rotary shaft braking device required for the conventional wind power generator can be replaced by the screw attached to the float. Therefore, it can be expected to reduce the construction cost and maintenance cost of wind power generators.

In the offshore wind power generator according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the horizontal rotation of the turning ring attached to the outer peripheral portion of the mooring device is stopped by the brake device as necessary, so that the wind direction irregularly fluctuates against the wind body. On the other hand, the wind receiving surface of the wind turbine can be held in a certain direction, and stable power generation becomes possible.

The offshore wind power generator according to the third embodiment of the present invention eliminates the blade near the rotation axis of the wind turbine, which has a small contribution to the rotational force of the wind turbine, and allows the wind hitting this portion to pass through the wind turbine as a whole. Since air resistance is reduced and wind passage is improved, improvement in power generation efficiency can be expected.

In the offshore wind power generator according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, a wheel having a diameter smaller than that of the cylindrical frame is attached to the drive shaft of the generator, and the traveling surface of the wheel is brought into contact with the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical frame. The wheels rotate at high speed as the vehicle body rotates, and the generator drive shaft also rotates at high speed. Since the wheel rotation speed increases with the ratio of the frame diameter to the wheel diameter, the rotation speed of the generator drive shaft is the rotation speed required for power generation even if there is no speed increaser commonly used in conventional wind power generators. Is obtained, and power generation becomes possible.

In the offshore wind power generator according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the wheels attached to the generator drive shaft are pressed against the outer surface of the frame by a spring, so that the contact between the outer surface of the frame and the running surface of the wheels The frictional force due to the wind power increases to prevent slipping, and stable generator output can be expected.

The offshore wind power generator according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention can be used with an anchor installed on the seabed even in a place where it is difficult to install a tower having a base embedded under the seabed as in the first example due to the deep water depth of the installation location. By installing a plurality of poles connecting the mooring floats on the sea surface in an inclined state with respect to the sea surface, it is possible to keep the mooring floats in the same position while following the changes in the water level due to the tide level and the waves. Therefore, it is possible to install an offshore wind power generator according to the present invention even on the coast of Japan, where there are many sea areas where the water depth is deep with respect to the distance from the coast.

The offshore wind power generator according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention controls information necessary for operating the wind power generator such as constantly changing wind direction and speed information, the angle of the mooring device, the number of rotations of the wind body, and the power system power failure. The panel receives it, processes the information, and operates / stops the screw attached to the float to direct the wind receiving surface of the wind turbine in an appropriate direction (during normal operation, the wind turbine receives wind). It is possible to automatically perform necessary operation operations such as (operations such as directing the surface toward the wind and the wind receiving surface toward the wind along the wind) and emergency stop operations during strong winds such as typhoons.

FIG. 1 is a front view of an offshore wind power generator according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side view of the offshore wind power generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a top view of the offshore wind power generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a bird's-eye view of the mooring device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a top view of the mooring device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the mooring device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a bird's-eye view of the mooring device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a front view of the offshore wind power generator according to the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a side view of the offshore wind power generator according to the third embodiment of the present invention. ) FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the wind flow of the offshore wind power generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention. (Described for the purpose of comparing the difference with Example 3) FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a wind flow of an offshore wind power generator according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a front view of the offshore wind power generator according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a side view of the offshore wind power generator according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a bird's-eye view of the device for pressing the generator drive shaft wheel according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a front view of the offshore wind power generator according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 16 is a side view of the offshore wind power generator according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 17 is a bird's-eye view of the moored floating body according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 18 is a top view of the moored floating body according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of the moored floating body according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a measuring device, a controlled object, and a signal flow for operating and controlling the screw according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 21 is a block diagram of operation control in the control panel according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 22 is a flow chart of the operation control logic according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.

The offshore wind power generator according to the present invention can replace a part of the device attached to the conventional ground wind power generator with another device and realize the functions required for the wind power generator. It is possible. At the same time, the offshore wind power generator can be installed not only in shallow water but also in relatively deep sea.

FIG. 1 shows a front view of the entire offshore wind power generator of the first embodiment, and FIG. 2 shows a side view of the entire offshore wind power generator of the same embodiment 1. A horizontal bearing 3 is installed above the pedestal 1 on the support mounted on the pedestal 1, a horizontal rotating shaft 4 is attached to the bearing 3, and a force is received around the rotating shaft 4 by receiving wind. A plurality of blades 5 to be generated are installed radially in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis 4. Further, a cylindrical frame 6 having the same center as the rotating shaft 4 and having an outer surface having a radius from the center to the middle of the blade 5 or to the tip of the blade 7 connects the middle of the blades or the tips to each other. To form. (FIG. 1 shows a form in which the tips of the blades 5 are connected to each other by a frame 6.) This wind turbine 7 is a horizontal axis wind turbine having a vertical wind receiving surface. Further, the pedestal 1 is held above the water surface by the float 8 arranged concentrically above the sea surface and the support 9 installed on the float 8 centering on the lower part of the central portion of the wind body 7. With the above configuration, the wind body 7 is in a state of floating on the water surface.

At the same time, the tower 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a structure in which the base is fixed to the sea bottom and the tip portion vertically protrudes above the sea surface below the central portion of the wind body 7, and the tip of the tower 10 is formed. A slide bar 11 is installed in the portion, and a mooring device 12 that is slidable in the vertical direction and whose outer peripheral portion can rotate in the horizontal direction is attached to the slide bar 11. Further, by connecting the outer peripheral portion of the mooring device 12 and the support columns 9 with a plurality of mooring ropes 13, the float 8 floats on the water surface and is connected to the tower 10, so that it stays in a certain place and stays on the water surface. It will be in a state where it can rotate horizontally around the tower 10. With the above configuration, the wind body 7 can have the wind receiving surface directed in any direction around the tower 10.

Further, a plurality of propulsion devices 14 (hereinafter referred to as screw 14) are attached to the water below the float 8.
FIG. 3 is an arrow view from the direction (A) of FIG. 2, and shows a state in which the screw 14 directed to each of the forward and reverse directions is attached to the float 8 at a fixed mounting angle to the float 8. .. FIG. 3 (A) arrow view (rotating in the clockwise direction) shows a state in which the float 8 rotates in the clockwise direction (direction of the arrow 19a) when propelling in the direction of the arrow 18a using a part of the screw. .. Similarly, in the arrow view (A) of FIG. 3 (rotating in the counterclockwise direction), the float 8 moves in the counterclockwise direction (direction of arrow 19b) when propelling in the direction of arrow 18b using a part of the screw. Indicates a rotating state. By using a part of the screw 14 as described above, the float 8 can be rotated clockwise or counterclockwise, so that the wind body 7 can be rotated according to the wind direction. Is.

In FIG. 2, as a configuration for obtaining electric energy from the rotational force of the wind body 7 in the first embodiment, the speed increaser 15 directly connected to the rotation shaft 4, the generator 16 driven by the speed increaser, and the like are used. The nacelle 17 that has been stored and made into a component is formed and is installed above the pedestal 1.

Next, the details of the mooring device 12 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 4, 5, and 6. FIG. 4 is a bird's-eye view of the mooring device 12 shown in the first embodiment, FIG. 5 is an arrow view seen from above (B) of FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line (C)-(C) of FIG. In FIGS. 4 and 5, the slide bar 11 installed at the tip of the tower 10 has a rectangular cross section, and the slide head 20 fitted to the slide bar 11 can move only in the vertical direction. Further, a rotatable turning ring 21 is attached to the outside of the slide head 20, a plurality of pins 22 are installed on the outer peripheral portion of the turning ring 21, and the pins 22 are connected to the support column 9 by a mooring rope 13. As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 6, the slide head 20 has a structure that allows the turning ring 21 to rotate in the horizontal direction. With the above configuration, the float 8 is held by the tower 10 via the mooring rope 13 and the support column 9, and can rotate horizontally on the sea surface, and can also follow the changes in the water level due to the tide level and waves on the sea surface. .. Further, since the mooring rope 13 is allowed to rotate in the vertical direction around the pin 22, the float body 7 is connected to the tower 10 because the float 8 is allowed to move even when the float 8 is tilted diagonally due to the waves on the sea surface. Can be maintained in a good condition.

As described above, if the wind turbine body 7 is turned by using the screw 14, it is possible to replace the turning function of the wind receiving surface, which is performed by the turning control actuator in the conventional wind power generator. Further, in the conventional wind power generator, the blade pitch control actuator is used to avoid damage due to excessive stress on the blade during strong wind such as a typhoon and to avoid damage due to an increase in the number of rotations of the generator. By aligning the wind receiving surface with the direction along the wind, the influence of the increase in the number of rotations due to strong wind can be avoided. The function can be replaced.

Furthermore, in the conventional wind power generator, the wind body generated by the temporary no load of the generator when the load of the power system generated during the operation of the wind power generator is cut off or when the power system is disconnected from the operation to the stop. In order to avoid an increase in the number of revolutions due to idling, a mechanical braking device was used, but in the first embodiment of the present invention, in such a case, all the screws 14 are moved all at once to temporarily cause a surplus. Since it is possible to release electric energy, it is possible to replace the function of the braking device of the conventional wind power generator drive shaft.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the second embodiment, and shows an example of a mooring device for an offshore wind power generator. The mooring device 12 according to the second embodiment is composed of a slide head 20 attached to a slide bar 11 at the tip of the tower 10 and a turning ring 21 at the outer peripheral portion thereof, similarly to the one shown in FIG. FIG. 7 shows a configuration in which the rotation of the turning ring 21 is temporarily stopped by pressing the brake shoe 23 attached to the turning ring 21 against the slide head 20. The brake shoe 23 can be pressed against and released from the slide head 20 as needed by combining the brake cylinder 24 and the brake arm 25. When the brake shoe 23 is pressed against the slide head 20, the rotation of the turning ring 21 is stopped, and the direction of the wind receiving surface of the wind body 7 is held at a constant angle. This makes it possible to hold the wind body 7 in a certain direction even when the wind direction fluctuates irregularly.

FIG. 8 is a front view of the entire offshore wind power generator of the third embodiment, and FIG. 9 is a side view of the entire offshore wind power generator of the third embodiment. In the third embodiment, a plurality of spokes 26 are radially attached in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis 4 of the wind vehicle body, and the inside of a circle having the same center as the rotation axis 4 and having a radius from the center to the tip of the spoke 26. The frames 27 connect the tips of the spokes 26 to each other. Further, a plurality of blades 28 that receive wind and generate a force are radially attached to the outer peripheral portion of the inner frame 27, and the rotation axis and the center are the same, and the radius is the radius from the center to the middle or the tip of the blade 28. The cylindrical outer frame 29 having a surface forms the wind body 30 in the middle of the blades 28 or by connecting the tips to each other. (Fig. 8 shows a form in which the tips are connected to each other using a cylindrical outer frame .)

According to the third embodiment, the blade in the vicinity of the rotating shaft 4, which is considered to have a small contribution as the rotational force for driving the generator drive shaft 4, is eliminated to provide a space for passing the wind. As shown in the flow, the wind on the receiving surface will be better and the power generation efficiency can be expected to improve. In order to show the effect of the third embodiment, the wind flow 31a with respect to the wind body 7 according to the first embodiment is shown in FIG. 10, and the wind flow 31b with respect to the wind body 7 according to the third embodiment is shown in FIG.

FIG. 12 is a front view of the entire offshore wind power generator of the fourth embodiment, and FIG. 13 is a side view of the entire offshore wind power generator of the same embodiment 4, in which the generator 34 is installed in a different form from that of the first embodiment. It is an embodiment. By bringing the wheel 33 attached to the tip of the generator drive shaft 32 into contact with the outer peripheral portion of the frame 6, the generator drive shaft 32 rotates with the rotation of the wind body 7, and the generator 34 generates electricity. The rotation speed of the generator drive shaft 32 increases by the ratio of the diameter of the frame 6 to the diameter of the wheel 33 with respect to the rotation speed of the wind body 7. According to the fourth embodiment, the generator drive shaft 32 increases from the rotation speed of the wind turbine body 7 to obtain the rotation speed required for power generation, so that the amplifier required for the conventional wind power generator can be omitted. It will be possible.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a configuration around a generator according to the fifth embodiment. The wheels 33 are attached to the generator drive shaft 32, and are integrally installed on the slide table 35 together with the generator 34. The slide table 35 is held on the pedestal 1 in a state of being movable in a direction approaching the frame 6, and a bracket 36 having a spring 37 attached on the pedestal 1 on the side facing the frame 6 side with respect to the slide table 35. Is fixed, and the slide table 35 is pressed toward the frame 6 by the spring 37. By this combination, the frictional force at the contact portion between the frame 6 and the wheel 33 increases, and slipping is less likely to occur. As a result, the rotation of the generator drive shaft 32 is stabilized, and the generator 34 can obtain a stable electric output.

FIG. 15 is a front view of the entire offshore wind power generator of the sixth embodiment, and FIG. 16 is a side view of the entire offshore wind power generator of the same embodiment 6. Example 6 according to the present invention represents a mode in which an offshore wind power generator having a configuration different from that of Example 1 is moored. The mooring float 38 is in a state of being stably floated on the water surface by attaching a fishing rod 39 and a weight 40 below the fishing rod 39 below the water surface, and the mooring post 41 having a circular cross section is vertically above the mooring float 38. And attach the mooring ring 42 that can rotate in the horizontal direction to the mooring post 41. By connecting the outside of the mooring ring 42 and the support columns 9 with a plurality of mooring ropes 13, the wind body 7 can rotate horizontally around the mooring floating body 38 around the mooring post 41. Further, the mooring floating body 38 is connected to a plurality of bars 45 via a hook 43 installed on the outer peripheral portion and a buckle a44 that does not restrain the movement in the vertical direction. The bar 45 is installed in the sea at an angle with respect to the sea surface, and is connected to the anchor 49 via a buckle b48 that does not restrain the movement in the vertical direction. The bars 45 are connected to each other by the stays a46 and b47 to maintain a constant distance, and the plurality of anchors 49 are also installed on the seabed at a distance wider than the external dimensions of the mooring float. Since the plurality of bars 45 are long and the movement is not restricted by the buckle a44 and the buckle b48 even at the connection portion with the hook 43 and the anchor 49, the mooring floating body 38 has a water level due to a change in the tide level or a wave on the sea surface. It is possible to stay in a certain place while following the fluctuation.

Next, the details of the mooring floating body of the sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 17, 18, and 19. 17 is a bird's-eye view showing the mooring floating body 38 with each component attached, FIG. 18 is an arrow view seen from above (D) of FIG. 17, and FIG. 19 is a sectional view taken along the line (E)-(E) of FIG. be. In FIGS. 17 and 18, the mooring post 41 attached to the upper side of the mooring float 38 has a circular cross section, and a mooring ring 42 that can rotate horizontally is attached to the mooring post 41. A plurality of pins 22 are attached to the outer peripheral portion of the mooring ring 42, and the structure is such that the pins 22 are connected to the support column 9 by a mooring rope 13. Further, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 19, the mooring post 41 holds the rotating ring 42 in a state where it can rotate in the horizontal direction without falling off in the vertical direction.
Further, the mounting angle of the screw 14 with respect to the float 8 is fixed, and by propelling the float 8 either forward or backward by the screw 14, the wind receiving surface is turned in an arbitrary direction according to the wind direction. Control is possible.

As described above, in the sixth embodiment, even when the water depth of the place where the wind power generator is to be installed is deep and it is difficult to set the base of the tower 10 directly to the sea bottom as in the first embodiment, the wind power is generated. It can be applied as a combination of mooring generators, and wind power generators can be installed even on the coast of Japan where there are few shallow waters.

FIG. 20 is a configuration diagram showing a measuring device, a controlled object, and a signal flow for operating and controlling the screw of the offshore wind power generator according to the seventh embodiment. That is, the wind direction is measured by the wind direction meter 51 installed at the upper end of the measurement tower 50 whose lower part is fixed to the seabed and the upper part protrudes above the sea surface, and the information is transmitted as a wind direction signal 52 by a radio signal to transmit the antenna 53. Received by the installed control device 54.
Similar to the above, the wind speed is measured by the anemometer 55 installed at the upper end of the measurement tower 50, the information is transmitted as a wind speed signal 56 by a wireless signal, and the control device 54 installed with the antenna 53 receives the information.

The angle of the wind body with respect to the wind direction is measured by the angle meter 57 of the mooring device, and the information is received by the control panel 54 as a signal 58 of the mooring device angle via the signal cable. Similarly to the above, the rotation speed of the wind vehicle body is measured by the rotation speed meter 59, and the information is received by the control panel 54 as a signal 60 of the rotation speed of the wind vehicle body via the signal cable.

Further, FIG. 20 shows a mode in which the control panel 54 receives a power failure signal 62 of the power system via a communication cable when an operational abnormality such as a power failure occurs in the power system 61 on the ground.

FIG. 21 shows in the control panel 54 using the wind direction signal 52, the wind speed signal 56, the mooring device angle signal 58, the wind vehicle body rotation speed signal 60, and the power system power failure signal 62 in the seventh embodiment. An example of a block diagram is shown in which the operation / stop control of the screw is performed and the operation / stop signal 63 of the screw 14 is transmitted from the control panel 54 .

FIG. 22 shows an example of a flow diagram of operation / control logic for a screw in a control panel in the seventh embodiment. This figure is a figure showing the start or end point of the flow.64, Arrows indicating the input of each signal information65, And a figure showing the judgment using each signal information66, A figure showing the operation or stop of the screw67Is used to show an example of the flow of control logic.

By substituting a part of the functions required for the wind power generation facility according to the first embodiment with a screw used in a general ship without using a conventional actuator or the like, the construction cost and the maintenance cost of the offshore wind power generator are replaced. If the speed increaser can be eliminated according to the fourth embodiment, the cost can be further reduced. At the same time, the technology and experience related to ships can be utilized, which will open the way for participation in offshore wind power generation from this industrial field. Furthermore, since it is considered possible to implement not only the landing type (Example 1) applied to shallow waters but also the floating type (Example 6) applied to slightly deep waters, it is considered that not only large size but also medium to small size can be implemented. Can also be expected to be applied to offshore wind power generators.

63 Screw operation / stop signal
64 A figure representing the start or end point of the flow on the flowchart
65 A figure representing the input of signal information on the flowchart
66 A figure showing a judgment using the signal data on the flowchart.
67 A figure representing the operation or signal of a screw on the flowchart.

Claims (7)

A wind car body is formed by a plurality of blades installed on the ocean and mounted radially in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal rotation axis, and the wind car body is generated by the wind hitting the wind car body and generating a force on the blades. In an offshore wind turbine that generates power by transmitting the rotational force of the above to the drive shaft of the generator, the horizontal rotation shaft is attached to multiple supports installed on a pedestal located above the sea surface and away from the sea surface. It is held by a bearing, and a plurality of blades are attached radially in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal rotation axis, and the center is the same as the rotation axis, and the center of the rotation axis is in the middle of the blade. Alternatively , it is a wind vehicle body formed in the middle of the blade or by connecting the tips to each other by a cylindrical frame having a radius having the same length as the length to the tip and having an outer surface , and the pedestal is the wind. A float placed concentrically above the sea surface centering on the lower part of the center of the vehicle body, and a plurality of columns installed on the float hold the float above the sea surface and below the pedestal. , The base is fixed to the sea floor, a tower is installed with the tip at a position below the center of the wind body and the tip protrudes above the sea surface, and the tower is attached to the tip of the tower. Has a rectangular slide bar installed upward, has a sliding surface that matches the cross-sectional shape of the slide bar, can be fitted to the slide bar and can be moved in the vertical direction, and the outer peripheral portion is in the horizontal direction. A rotatable mooring device is attached, the outer surface of the mooring device and the support column are connected by a plurality of ropes, and the attachment angle to the float is fixed in the water under the float, and the float. By installing a plurality of propulsion devices having propulsive force forward or backward, the float can rotate 360 degrees horizontally or counterclockwise on the sea surface around the tower . An offshore wind generator characterized in that the wind body can be rotated in a direction toward the wind or in a direction along the wind.
The mooring device according to claim 1 has a slide head having a sliding surface that matches the cross-sectional shape of the slide bar according to claim 1, and the slide head is fitted to the slide bar in the vertical direction. The slide head is provided with a turning ring that can be rotated in the horizontal direction on the outer peripheral portion thereof, and the outer surface of the turning ring and the support column according to claim 1 are provided with a plurality of columns according to claim 1. The wind vehicle body according to claim 1, wherein a brake device is attached to the turning ring by connecting it with a rope and pressing it against the outer surface of the slide head to stop the movement of the turning ring in the rotational direction. The offshore wind generator according to claim 1, wherein the rotation can be stopped.
A plurality of spokes are attached radially in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal rotation axis of the wind body according to claim 1 or 2, the center is the same as the rotation axis, and the spokes are from the center of the rotation axis. The tips of the spokes are connected to each other by a circular inner frame having the same radius as the length to the tip of the inner frame, and a plurality of blades are attached radially in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the inner frame. A cylindrical outer frame having the same axis as the rotation axis and the same radius as the length from the center of the rotation axis to the middle or the tip of the blade and having an outer surface allows the blade to be in the middle or between the tips. The offshore wind generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wind vehicle body is formed by connecting the two.
A wheel is attached to the end of the drive shaft of the generator protruding to the outside of the generator with respect to the drive shaft of the generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and the traveling surface of the wheel is a surface of claims 1 to 1. The offshore wind power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the wind turbine body comes into contact with the outer surface of the frame according to any one of 3.
The generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , the drive shaft of the generator, and the wheel according to claim 4 are installed on the same table, and the table is set to any one of claims 1 to 4. The bracket is fixed on the pedestal according to any one of claims 1 to 4 so as to be movable toward the frame of the wind vehicle body and on the pedestal on the side facing the frame with respect to the table. However, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the wheel is pressed against the frame by the repulsive force of the spring by attaching a spring between the table and the bracket. Offshore wind generator.
A wind car body is formed by a plurality of blades installed on the ocean and mounted radially in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal rotation axis, and the wind car body is generated by the wind hitting the wind car body and generating a force on the blades. In an offshore wind turbine that generates power by transmitting the rotational force of the above to the drive shaft of the generator, the horizontal rotation shaft is attached to multiple supports installed on a pedestal located above the sea surface and away from the sea surface. It is held by a bearing, and a plurality of blades are attached radially in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal rotation axis, and the center is the same as the rotation axis, and the center of the rotation axis is in the middle of the blade. Alternatively, it is a wind vehicle body formed in the middle of the blade or by connecting the tips to each other by a cylindrical frame having a radius having the same length as the length to the tip and having an outer surface, and the pedestal is the wind. A float placed concentrically above the water surface centered on the lower part of the center of the vehicle body, and a plurality of columns installed on the float hold the float above the seawater surface and below the pedestal. A mooring float with a weight at the bottom is placed floating on the sea surface, a mooring post with a circular cross section is installed above the mooring float, and a mooring post having a sliding surface matching the cross-sectional shape of the mooring post is installed. The ring is attached to the mooring post in a state where it can rotate in the horizontal direction, the outer surface of the mooring ring and the support are connected by a plurality of ropes, and a plurality of anchors are installed on the bottom of the sea, and the mooring float is provided. And the anchor are connected by a plurality of bars inclined with respect to the sea surface , and the mounting angle with respect to the float is fixed in the water under the float, and the front or the rear with respect to the float. By attaching a plurality of propulsion devices having propulsive force only to the float, the float can rotate 360 degrees horizontally or counterclockwise on the sea surface around the mooring post, and wind the wind body. An offshore wind generator characterized by being able to rotate in a direction toward or along the wind. In the offshore wind power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the offshore wind power generator shall be provided with a control panel for controlling the operation / stop of the screw according to any one of claims 1 to 6. The control panel has a wind direction signal measured by a wind turbine installed in the vicinity of the offshore wind power generator, a wind speed signal measured by a wind speed meter installed in the vicinity of the offshore wind power generator, and claims 1 to 6. The signal of the mooring device angle meter attached to the mooring device according to any one of the above, the signal of the rotation speed of the wind turbine attached to the wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the ground. Claims 1 to 6, wherein the wind turbine can be maintained in an appropriate operating state by receiving signals of the operating state of the power system and controlling the operation / stop of the screw by using those signals. Offshore wind turbines listed in either.

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