JP7051071B1 - How to use composite plastic - Google Patents
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- JP7051071B1 JP7051071B1 JP2022506018A JP2022506018A JP7051071B1 JP 7051071 B1 JP7051071 B1 JP 7051071B1 JP 2022506018 A JP2022506018 A JP 2022506018A JP 2022506018 A JP2022506018 A JP 2022506018A JP 7051071 B1 JP7051071 B1 JP 7051071B1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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Abstract
【課題】デンプン類を含有する複合プラスチックの利用の１つとして、エタノールの生成方法の提供を目的とする。【解決手段】デンプンを含有する複合プラスチックの利用方法であって、前記複合プラスチックを破砕し破砕物を形成する形成工程と、前記破砕物を温水にて加熱処理する加熱処理工程と、糖化酵素により糖化する糖化工程と、酵母により発酵する発酵工程と、を有することを特徴とするエタノールの生成方法。【選択図】 なしPROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing ethanol as one of the uses of a composite plastic containing starches. SOLUTION: This is a method of using a composite plastic containing starch, which comprises a forming step of crushing the composite plastic to form a crushed product, a heat treatment step of heat-treating the crushed product with warm water, and a saccharifying enzyme. A method for producing ethanol, which comprises a saccharification step of saccharification and a fermentation step of fermenting with yeast. [Selection diagram] None
Description
本発明は、デンプン類を含有する複合プラスチックの利用方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for utilizing a composite plastic containing starches.
プラスチックを用いた製品は我々の日常生活に多く存在しているが、微生物により分解されない、有害成分発生等のために焼却処分が難しいなど、その廃棄処理に多くの課題を有している。
そこで、近年は使用済みのプラスチック製品の再利用方法がいろいろと検討されており、従来の回収し、そのまま破砕することで分別回収再利用する機械的リサイクルに替わり、バイオガス等有機的な再利用方法が検討されている。
例えば特許文献１に、変性デンプン及びポリビニルアルコールを含む樹脂組成物を開示する。Many products using plastics are present in our daily lives, but they have many problems in their disposal, such as not being decomposed by microorganisms and being difficult to incinerate due to the generation of harmful components.
Therefore, in recent years, various methods for reusing used plastic products have been studied, and instead of the conventional mechanical recycling that collects and crushes the used plastic products separately for separate collection and reuse, organic reuse such as biogas The method is being considered.
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a resin composition containing modified starch and polyvinyl alcohol.
本発明は、デンプン類を含有する複合プラスチックの利用の１つとして、エタノールの生成方法の提供を目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing ethanol as one of the uses of a composite plastic containing starches.
本発明に係るエタノールの生成方法は、デンプンを含有する複合プラスチックの利用方法であって、前記複合プラスチックを破砕し破砕物を形成する形成工程と、前記破砕物を温水にて加熱処理する加熱処理工程と、糖化酵素により糖化する糖化工程と、酵母により発酵する発酵工程と、を有することを特徴とする。
このように、複合プラスチックを破砕して破砕物を形成すると、その後の温水による加熱処理が容易になる。
本発明において、前記デンプンは、米、大麦、ライ麦、燕麦、マメ、ヒエ、アワ、キビ、ソバ、サツマイモ、サトイモ、シャガイモ、ヤマノイモからなる群から選択される１種以上であることが好ましい。
また、前記複合プラスチックに、ＰＬＡ、ＰＨＢＨ、ＰＶＡ、ＰＢＡＴ、ＰＢＳからなる群から選択される１種が含まれることが好ましく、前記糖化酵素は、麹菌により産生されることが好ましい。The method for producing ethanol according to the present invention is a method for utilizing a composite plastic containing starch, which is a forming step of crushing the composite plastic to form a crushed product and a heat treatment of heat-treating the crushed product with warm water. It is characterized by having a step, a saccharification step of saccharifying with a saccharifying enzyme, and a fermentation step of fermenting with yeast.
When the composite plastic is crushed to form a crushed product in this way, the subsequent heat treatment with warm water becomes easy.
In the present invention, the starch is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of rice, barley, rye, swallow, bean, Japanese millet, foxtail millet, millet, buckwheat, sweet potato, taro, shagaimo, and yam.
Further, it is preferable that the composite plastic contains one selected from the group consisting of PLA, PHBH, PVA, PBAT, and PBS, and the saccharifying enzyme is preferably produced by Jiuqu.
本発明は、デンプンを含有する複合プラスチックからエタノールを生成することで、プラスチック廃棄物を有効に利用することができる。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can effectively utilize plastic waste by producing ethanol from a composite plastic containing starch.
本発明に係る複合プラスチックは、例えばＰＬＡ（ポリ乳酸）、ＰＨＢＨ（３－ヒドロキシ酪酸・３－ヒドロキシヘキサン酸共重合体）、ＰＶＡ（ポリビニルアルコール）、ＰＢＡＴ（ポリブチレンアジペート／テレフタレート）、ＰＢＳ（バイオポリブチレンサクシネート）、ＰＥ（ポリエチレン）、ＰＰ（ポリプロピレン）、ＰＥＴ（ポリエチレンテレフタラート）等から選択される１種が主成分として含まれ、特にＰＬＡ、ＰＨＢＨ、ＰＶＡ、ＰＢＡＴ、ＰＢＳからなる生分解性の高い群から選択される１種が含まれることが好ましい。
本発明に係るデンプンは、特に限定されないが穀類及び／又はイモ類から選択されることが好ましい。
穀類としては米、大麦、ライ麦、燕麦、マメ、ヒエ、アワ、キビ、ソバ等が挙げられ、イモ類としてはサツマイモ、サトイモ、シャガイモ、ヤマノイモ等が挙げられる。
これらは１種単独でもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。
複合プラスチックにおけるデンプンの含有量に特に制限はないが、好ましくは４０質量％～２０質量％である。
また、複合プラスチックには上記主成分と上記デンプン以外に、この分野で通常使用される添加剤を適宜加えてもよい。The composite plastic according to the present invention is, for example, PLA (polylactic acid), PHBH (3-hydroxybutyric acid / 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid copolymer), PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), PBAT (polybutylene adipate / terephthalate), PBS (bio). Polybutylene succinate), PE (polyethylene), PP (polyethylene), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), etc. are included as the main component, and biodegradation consisting of PLA, PHBH, PVA, PBAT, PBS in particular. It is preferable that one selected from the high-quality group is included.
The starch according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably selected from cereals and / or potatoes.
Examples of cereals include rice, barley, rye, swallow, bean, Japanese millet, millet, millet, buckwheat, and the like, and examples of potatoes include sweet potato, taro, shagaimo, yam, and the like.
These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The content of starch in the composite plastic is not particularly limited, but is preferably 40% by mass to 20% by mass.
In addition to the main component and starch, additives usually used in this field may be appropriately added to the composite plastic.
本発明における形成工程は、複合プラスチックを破砕し所定の大きさの破砕物を形成できればよく、形成手段に特に制限はないが、例えば破砕物が３～１０ｍｍ、あるいは１００ｇ～２００ｇの大きさに形成されることが好ましい。
なお、複合プラスチックが破砕を必要としないような場合、例えば複合プラスチックが３～１０ｍｍ、あるいは１００ｇ～２００ｇの大きさであれば、形成工程は必須としない。In the forming step in the present invention, it is sufficient that the composite plastic can be crushed to form a crushed product having a predetermined size, and the forming means is not particularly limited. For example, the crushed material is formed into a size of 3 to 10 mm or 100 g to 200 g. It is preferable to be done.
If the composite plastic does not require crushing, for example, if the composite plastic has a size of 3 to 10 mm or 100 g to 200 g, the forming step is not essential.
本発明における加熱処理工程は、上記破砕物を温水にて加熱処理するが、加熱処理は温水を用いて破砕物を蒸してもよく、温水中にて煮てもよい。
例えば、温水は８０℃以上であることが好ましく、上記破砕物を温水中で２０分間～５０分間加熱してもよい。In the heat treatment step of the present invention, the crushed material is heat-treated with warm water, but in the heat treatment, the crushed material may be steamed with warm water or boiled in warm water.
For example, the temperature of the hot water is preferably 80 ° C. or higher, and the crushed product may be heated in warm water for 20 to 50 minutes.
本発明における糖化酵素は特に限定されないが、麹菌により産生される糖化酵素であることが好ましい。
上記麹菌は、糖化酵素を産生し得る麹菌であれば特に限定されるものではないが、例えばＡｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｏｒｙｚａｅ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｎｉｇｅｒ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ａｃｕｌｅａｔｕｓ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｃａｅｓｉｅｌｌｕｓ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｃａｎｄｉｄｕｓ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｃａｒｎｅｕｓ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｃｌａｖａｔｕｓ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｄｅｆｌｅｃｔｕｓ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｆｉｓｃｈｅｒｉａｎｕｓ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｆｌａｖｕｓ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｆｕｍｉｇａｔｕｓ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｇｌａｕｃｕｓ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｎｉｄｕｌａｎｓ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｏｃｈｒａｃｅｕｓ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｐａｒａｓｉｔｉｃｕｓ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｏｉｄｅｓ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｒｅｓｔｒｉｃｔｕｓ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｏｊａｅ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｙｄｏｗｉｉ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｔａｍａｒｉ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｅｒｒｅｕｓ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｕｓｔｕｓ、Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｖｅｒｓｉｃｏｌｏｒ等のＡｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ属微生物、Ｍｏｎａｓｃｕｓ ｐｕｒｐｕｒｅｕｓ、Ｍｏｎａｓｃｕｓ ｐｉｌｏｓｕｓ、Ｍｏｎａｓｃｕｓ ａｎｋａ等のＭｏｎａｓｃｕｓ属微生物が挙げられる。
上記麹菌が産生し得る糖化酵素としては、例えばα－アミラーゼ、グルコアミラーゼ、α－グルコシダーゼなどが挙げられるが、特にこれに限定されない。
本発明における糖化工程は、糖化酵素により糖化する工程であればよく、例えば上記加熱処理工程後の破砕物に麹菌を付着させて糖化する。
例えば３５℃～４０℃、好気性条件下で、約２日間、上記加熱処理工程後の破砕物に麹菌を付着させて糖化すること好ましい。
なお、ここでの好気性条件下とは、破砕物と麹菌とを入れた容器を密封していない状態をいう。The saccharifying enzyme in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably a saccharifying enzyme produced by Jiuqu.
It said koji mold is not particularly limited as long as koji mold capable of producing saccharification enzymes, eg Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus aculeatus, Aspergillus caesiellus, Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus carneus, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus deflectus, Aspergillus fischerianus , Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus penicilloides, Aspergillus restrictus, Aspergillus sojae, Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus tamari, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus ustus, Aspergillus microorganism belonging to the genus such as Aspergillus versicolor, Monascus purpureus , Aspergillus aspergillus, Aspergillus aspergillus, and other Aspergillus genus microorganisms.
Examples of the saccharifying enzyme that can be produced by Jiuqu are, but are not limited to, α-amylase, glucoamylase, α-glucosidase and the like.
The saccharification step in the present invention may be any step as long as it is a step of saccharifying with a saccharifying enzyme. For example, aspergillus is attached to the crushed product after the heat treatment step to saccharify.
For example, it is preferable to attach Jiuqu to the crushed product after the heat treatment step and saccharify it under aerobic conditions at 35 ° C. to 40 ° C. for about 2 days.
The aerobic condition here means a state in which the container containing the crushed material and the aspergillus is not sealed.
本発明における酵母は、エタノール発酵ができるものであれば特に限定されない。
上記酵母としては、例えばＳａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｃｅｒｅｖｉｓａｅ、Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｐａｓｔｅｕｒｉａｎｕｓ、Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｂａｙａｎｕｓ、Ｓｃｈｉｚｏｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｐｏｍｂｅ、Ｋｌｕｙｖｅｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｌａｃｔｉｓ等が挙げられる。
本発明における発酵工程は、酵母により発酵する工程であればよく、例えば容器内に上記糖化工程後の破砕物、水及び酵母を加えて密封し、この嫌気性条件下、５℃～１０℃で約１箇月間、発酵する。
なお、数日後毎に内容物を混合することが好ましい。The yeast in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can be fermented with ethanol.
Examples of the yeast include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces pasturerianus, Saccharomyces bayanus, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Kluyveromyces lactis and the like.
The fermentation step in the present invention may be any step as long as it is fermented with yeast. For example, the crushed product after the saccharification step, water and yeast are added to the container and sealed, and the temperature is 5 ° C to 10 ° C under this anaerobic condition. Ferment for about a month.
It is preferable to mix the contents every few days.
以下、複合プラスチックにおける主成分としてＰＬＡを、デンプンとして米を例に本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by taking PLA as the main component of the composite plastic and rice as the starch as an example, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
ＰＬＡ（５０質量％）、米（３５質量％）及び必要に応じて各種添加剤を混練してある複合プラスチックを、破砕することで３～５ｍｍの破砕物１００ｇを形成した。
次に、沸騰した水２Ｌに破砕物１００ｇを加えて３０分間加熱処理した。
加熱処理後、別の容器内に移動させた加熱処理後の破砕物に種麹３ｇを付着させ、容器内を約３７℃、密封しない状態で４８時間保管した。
その後、この容器内に水２５０ｍｌ及び酵母（ドライイースト）１ｇを加え、容器内を５～１０℃、栓を閉じた密封状態で保管し、数日後毎に栓を開けてこの内容物を混合した。
約１箇月後に、この容器内の液体をろ過し、ガスクロマトグラフィー分析にてこの液体１００ｍｌ中のエタノールの含有量を測定した。
その結果、２．１ｍｌのエタノールを得た。
なお、ガスクロマトグラフィー分析は、ガスクロマトグラフィー（株式会社島津製作所製、ＧＢ－１４Ｂ）を用いて測定した。PLA (50% by mass), rice (35% by mass) and, if necessary, a composite plastic kneaded with various additives were crushed to form 100 g of a crushed product having a size of 3 to 5 mm.
Next, 100 g of the crushed material was added to 2 L of boiling water and heat-treated for 30 minutes.
After the heat treatment, 3 g of seed koji was attached to the crushed material after the heat treatment that was moved to another container, and the inside of the container was stored at about 37 ° C. for 48 hours in an unsealed state.
Then, 250 ml of water and 1 g of yeast (dry yeast) were added to the container, and the container was stored at 5 to 10 ° C. with the stopper closed and sealed, and the stopper was opened every few days to mix the contents. ..
After about 1 month, the liquid in this container was filtered and the content of ethanol in 100 ml of this liquid was measured by gas chromatographic analysis.
As a result, 2.1 ml of ethanol was obtained.
The gas chromatography analysis was measured using gas chromatography (GB-14B, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
本発明は、デンプン類を含有する複合プラスチックからエタノールを得ることができるので、新規のエタノール製造技術として応用でき、廃棄されるプラスチックの有効活用にも寄与する。 Since the present invention can obtain ethanol from a composite plastic containing starches, it can be applied as a novel ethanol production technique and contributes to effective utilization of discarded plastics.
Claims (4)
前記複合プラスチックを３～１０ｍｍ又は１００～２００ｇの大きさに破砕し破砕物を形成する破砕物形成工程と、
前記破砕物を８０℃以上の温水を用いて２０～５０分間加熱処理する加熱処理工程と、
糖化酵素により糖化する糖化工程と、酵母により発酵する発酵工程と、
を有することを特徴とするエタノールの生成方法。 How to use a composite plastic containing starch,
A crushed material forming step of crushing the composite plastic to a size of 3 to 10 mm or 100 to 200 g to form a crushed material, and
A heat treatment step of heat-treating the crushed material with warm water of 80 ° C. or higher for 20 to 50 minutes , and
A saccharification process that saccharifies with a saccharifying enzyme, a fermentation process that ferments with yeast,
A method for producing ethanol, which comprises.
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| JP2020176450 | 2020-10-21 | ||
| JP2020176450 | 2020-10-21 | ||
| PCT/JP2021/036768 WO2022085428A1 (en) | 2020-10-21 | 2021-10-05 | Method for utilizing composite plastic |
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| JPWO2022085428A1 JPWO2022085428A1 (en) | 2022-04-28 |
| JPWO2022085428A5 JPWO2022085428A5 (en) | 2022-10-04 |
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