JP7048056B2 - 脂質の生産方法 - Google Patents
脂質の生産方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7048056B2 JP7048056B2 JP2019561642A JP2019561642A JP7048056B2 JP 7048056 B2 JP7048056 B2 JP 7048056B2 JP 2019561642 A JP2019561642 A JP 2019561642A JP 2019561642 A JP2019561642 A JP 2019561642A JP 7048056 B2 JP7048056 B2 JP 7048056B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- acetic acid
- producing
- microorganism
- genus
- aurantiochytrium
- Prior art date
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Description
本発明の一態様に係る脂質の生産方法(以下「本発明の生産方法」という。)は、酢酸を含む培地中で、オーランチオキトリウム属微生物を培養する培養工程を含むことを特徴としている。
KH105(受領番号:FERM AP-22267)等を挙げることができる。なお、上記「オーランチオキトリウム属微生物」は、「シゾキトリウム(Schizochytrium)属微生物」とも称される。
脂質回収工程では、(a)生産された脂質をオーランチオキトリウム属微生物の菌体外に取り出してもよく、また(b)生産された脂質をオーランチオキトリウム属微生物の菌体内に蓄積された状態で回収してもよい。
脂質精製工程における脂質を精製する方法としては特に限定されないが、例えば、溶媒分画、超臨界流体抽出、吸着クロマトグラフィー等の方法によって、脂質を精製することができる。
変換工程では得られた脂質から他の物質へ変換する工程であるが、例えば、得られたトリアシルグリセロールやイソプレノイド系炭化水素から公知の方法を用いてジェット燃料に変換してもよい。また、得られたトリアシルグリセロールから、公知の方法を用いてディーゼル燃料に変換してもよい。また、得られたイソプレノイド系炭化水素から、公知の方法を用いて化学素材に変換してもよい。
本発明の一態様に係る脂質の生産方法は、上記培養工程の前に、培地中で酢酸生産菌を培養する酢酸生産菌培養工程をさらに含み得る。すなわち、本発明の生産方法は、酢酸生産菌培養工程と、上記オーランチオキトリウム属微生物を培養する培養工程とを含む、二段階発酵であり得る。上記構成によれば、上記培養工程と上記酢酸生産菌培養工程との二段階発酵により、脂質の生産に用いる炭素源の供給時に伴うコストの低減および環境保全の実現に寄与する脂質の生産方法を実現できる。本実施形態と〔実施形態1〕との間で共通する事項については、実施形態1の説明が援用される。
〔方法〕
オーランチオキトリウム属微生物Aurantiochytrium sp.SR21株(ATCC MYA-1381)を、0~30g/L酢酸(ナカライテスク社)、6g/Lハイポリペプトン(日本製薬社)、2g/L酵母エキス(極東製薬社)、20g/L人工海水塩(シグマ-アルドリッチ社)を含む5mlの液体培地(pH6.5)に接種して、試験管にて28℃で3日間培養した。
上記実験の結果を図2に示す。図2の(a)は各種培養液中から回収したオーランチオキトリウム属SR21株の乾燥菌体量(g/L)を示すグラフであり、図2の(b)は、オーランチオキトリウム属SR21株中の脂肪酸の組成および生産量を示すグラフである。図2の(a)に示す通り、培地中に含まれている酢酸の濃度に比例して、オーランチオキトリウム属SR21株の乾燥菌体量が増加していたことから、オーランチオキトリウム属SR21株は酢酸を含む培地中において旺盛に生育できることが分かった。また図2の(b)の結果から、培地中に含まれている酢酸の濃度が高い程、総脂肪酸生産量は増加し、酢酸濃度が30g/Lの時に総脂肪酸生産量が4.8g/Lとなった。
〔方法〕
<アセトバクテリウム属微生物による酢酸生成>
Millerらの方法(Appl. Microbiol. 27:985, 1974)により、アセトバクテリウム属用前培養培地を嫌気的に調製した。簡潔には、表1の培養培地を調製し、その培養培地を50ml、バイアル瓶に入れて、H2-CO2ガス(80:20(v/v))が0.20MPaとなるように充填した。上記バイアル瓶に、酢酸生産菌Acetobacterium woodiiを植菌し、30℃、180rpmで振盪しながら、OD600が0.15~0.25となるまで培養した。この前培養液40mlを、アセトバクテリウム属用本培養培地(表1)500mlを入れて嫌気処理した1L容量のリアクターに植菌し、H2-CO2ガス(60:40(v/v))を1.5L/hで通気しながら、30℃、700rpmで回転撹拌して培養した。102時間培養した時点で培養上清の酢酸濃度が29.3g/Lに達したため、培養を終了して、培養液を回収した(培養液1)。
<オーランチオキトリウム属微生物による油脂生成>
オーランチオキトリウム属微生物Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21株は、GPY培地(3%グルコース、0.2%酵母エキス、0.6%ハイポリペプトン、2%人工海水塩)を用いて、28℃、250rpmで往復振盪しながら、48時間培養した。これを、オーランチオキトリウム属微生物Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21株の前培養液とした。
その結果、酢酸生産菌Acetobacterium woodiiの培養液(培養液1)を用いた場合は、酢酸消費率99%、菌体量7.4g/L、総脂肪酸量4.5g/Lとなり、脂肪酸含有率は、60%にも達した(図3および4)。一方、3%酢酸を加えたアセトバクテリウム属用本培養培地を用いた場合は、酢酸消費率78%、菌体量9.9g/L、総脂肪酸量3.1g/Lとなり、脂肪酸含有率は、31%に留まった(同上図)。さらに、酢酸を含まないアセトバクテリウム属用本培養培地を用いた場合は、脂肪酸はほとんど生成されていなかった。
Claims (6)
- 培地中で嫌気性の酢酸生産菌を嫌気条件下で培養する酢酸生産菌培養工程、および
上記酢酸生産菌培養工程後の酢酸および上記酢酸生産菌を含む培地中で、酢酸を炭素源として脂質を生産させることができ、かつ、酢酸耐性がある、オーランチオキトリウム属微生物を培養する培養工程を含み、
上記酢酸生産菌が、モレラ属微生物、クロストリジウム属微生物、アセトバクテリウム属微生物、ブラウティア属微生物、ユーバクテリウム属微生物、およびスポムロサ属微生物からなる群から選択されるいずれか1つ以上であることを特徴とする脂質の生産方法。 - 上記オーランチオキトリウム属微生物は、Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21(ATCC MYA-1381)である、
請求項1に記載の脂質の生産方法。 - 上記酢酸生産菌は、Acetobacterium woodiiである、請求項1または2に記載の脂質の生産方法。
- 上記培地における酢酸濃度は、10g/L以上である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の脂質の生産方法。
- 上記酢酸は、酢酸生産菌により生産された酢酸である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の脂質の生産方法。
- 上記酢酸生産菌培養工程における酢酸生産菌の培養は、二酸化炭素を含む、嫌気雰囲気中で行われる、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の脂質の生産方法。
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ARAFILES, K. H. V. et al.,Value-added lipid production from brown seaweed biomass by two-stage fermentation using acetic acid,Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.,2014年,Vol. 98,pp. 9207-9216 |
SONG, X. et al.,Different Impacts of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Saturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesi,Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2013年,Vol. 61,pp. 9876-9881 |
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