JP7038451B1 - 植物苗、育苗方法、培土、および植物育成方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
実施例1では、育成対象植物として、草本植物であるコマツナの苗を育成した。コマツナの生育を促進する共生微生物としては、野外調査を行って鉱物質土壌(B層)がむき出しになっている裸地で微生物との共生関係を構築して生育している植物個体を試料として単離した微生物を用いた。試料は、実施例2で育成するグイマツを定植する予定としている定植地一帯(約30km四方)から採取した。単離された微生物のうち、文献などを参照して、子嚢菌類に分類されるSporocadaceae科の糸状菌を共生微生物と特定した。糸状菌は、PDA寒天培地を用いて単離したものをオートミール培地で純粋培養して種菌とし、種菌を増殖させる増殖基質として、炭素源である腐葉土に栄養素源として米ぬかとフスマとを混合した基質に接種した。腐葉土はC/N比が30、窒素含有率0.4質量%であった。この腐葉土に栄養素源を混合して調整した増殖基質は100gあたりに炭素源12g、窒素、リン酸、カリウムをそれぞれ0.884g、1.364g、0.656g含んでいた。この増殖基質200mlに50mlの水を加えて混合し、手でほぐすとばらける程度にしっとりした状態(図1)として、オートクレーブ滅菌した。滅菌済みの増殖基質200mlに対し、単離された糸状菌を培養しているオートミール寒天培地片(約5mm×5mm)を種菌として接種し、室温(約25℃)で3日間培養して微生物床を作製した。
比較例1として、実施例1で用いた植物育成用基質に微生物床を混合しなかった他は、実施例1と同じ条件で実験を行った。
実施例2では、育成対象植物として、植林に用いられる造林用針葉樹苗としてグイマツの育苗を行った。育成対象植物をグイマツとした以外の条件は実施例1と同様とした。
比較例2として、比較例1で用いた培土を用い、グイマツの育苗を行った。育成対象植物をグイマツとした以外の条件は比較例2と同様とした。
実施例3として、ネギの周年栽培(連作)を行っている圃場を定植地とし、この定植地の環境DNA分析による土壌微生物叢分析を行った。定植地の土壌微生物叢分析の結果、フザリウム(Fusarium)属、アルテルナリア(Alternaria)属などのネギの病原菌が含まれていた。また文献調査と接種試験とから、ネギの生育を促進する成育寄与型の非菌根性糸状菌と考えられたモルティエレラ(Mortierella)属の菌が含まれていた。そこで、定植地から直線距離で約200km離れた場所について、地続きで定植地の「近隣地」として許容できると判断し、その山林土壌から試料を得て複数の単独培養型非菌根性糸状菌を単離した。単離された菌株について形態観察とDNA分析からモルティエレラ属であると確認できた菌株を、成育寄与型の非菌根性糸状菌とした。
育苗用の培土として、微生物床を含まない培土を用いた以外は実施例3と同じとし、実施例3と同様の条件でネギの播種と育苗を行った。
Claims (10)
- 人為的に育成する植物である育成対象植物を定植する定植地またはその近隣地に存在し菌根を形成することなく植物と共生する土着の非菌根性糸状菌であって、前記育成対象植物の生育に有益な生育寄与型菌を特定し、
前記生育寄与型菌を単離して培養して得られた種菌を増殖基質で増殖させた微生物床を含む発根用培土で発根させて前記育成対象植物を育成する植物苗の育成方法。 - 前記植物苗は、容器に前記培土を充填し前記育成対象植物を発根させ育成した樹木の容器苗である請求項1に記載の植物苗の育成方法。
- 前記植物苗は、植林用の針葉樹の苗である請求項1または2に記載の植物苗の育成方法。
- 前記生育寄与型菌は、前記定植地またはその近隣地に存在する土着の非菌根性糸状菌の中から単離された非菌根性糸状菌である請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の植物苗の育成方法。
- 人為的に育成する植物である育成対象植物を定植する定植地またはその近隣地に存在し菌根を形成することなく植物と共生する土着の非菌根性糸状菌であって、前記育成対象植物の生育に有益な生育寄与型菌を特定し、
前記生育寄与型菌を単離して培養して得られた種菌を増殖基質で増殖させた微生物床を含む発根用培土で発根させて前記育成対象植物を育成することにより得られ、
前記発根用培土中に前記育成対象植物の根圏があり、当該根圏で当該育成対象植物と前記生育寄与型菌との共生関係を構築させた植物苗。 - 前記生育寄与型菌は、前記定植地またはその近隣地に存在する土着の非菌根性糸状菌の中から単離された非菌根性糸状菌である請求項5に記載の植物苗。
- 前記植物苗は、造林用の針葉樹苗である請求項5または6に記載の植物苗。
- 請求項5から7のいずれかに記載の苗を前記定植地に定植して育成する植物育成方法。
- 植物を人為的に育成するために用いられる植物用培土であって、
菌根を形成することなく植物と共生する共生型の非菌根性糸状菌であって、人為的に育成する植物である育成対象植物を定植する定植地またはその近隣地に存在する土着の非菌根性糸状菌であり、当該育成対象植物の生育に有益な生育寄与型菌を単離して培養した種菌を、当該種菌の増殖基質となる増殖基質で増殖させた微生物床と、
前記微生物床に含まれる前記生育寄与型菌が菌糸を伸長させる菌糸成育をするために必要な有機物と、を含む培土。 - 前記培土は、請求項1から7のいずれかに記載された植物苗の生育に用いられ、
当該培土中で前記育成対象植物を発根させて育成することにより前記植物苗を得るために用いられる請求項9に記載の培土。
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