JP7018351B2 - Outer wall member - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an outer wall member used for an earth retaining wall that prevents the collapse of an embankment slope.

The following Patent Document 1 discloses a retaining wall that enables steep embankment. This earth retaining wall consists of embankment, reinforced soil wall to reinforce the embankment, reinforcement material laid inside the reinforced soil wall and over the inside of the embankment, wall panel in contact with the reinforced soil wall, and wall panel. It is equipped with an anchor rod that protrudes from the back to the inside of the reinforced soil wall. Reinforced soil walls include locally generated soil, cement-based or lime-based solidifying materials, and petrochemical-based staple fibers. When this reinforced soil wall is solidified by a solidifying material, high rigidity is ensured, and high toughness is ensured by short fibers. The reinforcing material may be, for example, a synthetic resin net-like reinforcing material called geogrid, and a plurality of the reinforcing materials are laid at intervals in the vertical direction inside the reinforced soil wall and the inside of the embankment. In this soil retaining wall, steep slope embankment is possible due to the combined reinforcing effect of the reinforced soil wall and the reinforcing material.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-123455

As the wall panel of the earth retaining wall, a concrete wall panel having a relatively large size and mass (for example, height 1000 mm × width 2000 mm × thickness 100 mm, mass 440 kg) is often used. Therefore, there is a problem that the construction efficiency is not good because a large crane is required to lift the wall panel and a special hanging tool for sandwiching the wall panel is required.

On the other hand, the above soil wall has a stable structure due to the reinforced soil wall and the reinforcing material, and since the pressure of the embankment hardly acts on the wall panel, the lightweight panel made of concrete having a relatively small size and mass (for example). , Height 500 mm × width 500 mm × thickness 30-40 mm, mass 18 kg) can be used as the wall panel of the soil retaining wall. In this case, the wall panel can be lifted by a small work vehicle such as a mini excavator with a crane function, but a special hanger for sandwiching the wall panel is still required, and the size of the wall panel is also small. Since the number of wall panels increases, there is a problem that the number of times the wall panels are lifted (number of times of transportation) increases.

An object of the present invention made in view of the above facts is to provide an outer wall member capable of improving construction efficiency and connecting adjacent wall surface panels in the vertical direction and the width direction.

In order to solve the above problems, the first aspect of the present invention provides the following outer wall members. That is, a plurality of rectangular wall panels arranged in parallel in the width direction, which are outer wall members used for the retaining wall for preventing the collapse of the filling slope, and a mold arranged on the back side of the wall panel. A plurality of connecting plates arranged between the wall panel and the mold and straddling the adjacent wall panels on the upper end side of the back surface of the wall panel are provided, and the four corners of the back surface of the wall panel are provided. A female screw is provided, a reinforcing material connecting portion connected to the reinforcing material laid inside the filling is formed in the mold, and the upper portion of the connecting plate projects upward from the upper end of the wall surface panel. The upper portion is formed with a plurality of upper openings, the lower portion of the connecting plate is located below the upper end of the wall panel, and the lower portion is formed with a plurality of lower openings. Further, the additional plate is provided at a position facing the lower portion of the connecting plate, and the additional plate is formed with a plurality of through openings at positions facing the plurality of lower openings. A mold holding portion for holding the mold is formed, and a plurality of bolts passing through the plurality of through openings and the plurality of lower openings are fastened to the female screw on the upper side of the wall panel so as to be adjacent to each other. It is an outer wall member in which the wall surface panels are connected to each other and the wall surface panel and the mold are connected to each other.

In the outer wall member provided by the first aspect of the present invention, the formwork is formed in a grid pattern having a plurality of horizontal streaks extending in the width direction and a plurality of vertical streaks extending in a direction orthogonal to the width direction. A tubular spacer is attached to the additional plate so as to project from the peripheral edge of the through opening toward the connecting plate, and the protruding dimension of the spacer corresponds to the difference between the thickness of the formwork and the thickness of the connecting plate. Is preferable.

In order to solve the above problems, the second aspect of the present invention provides the following outer wall members. That is, it is an outer wall member used for an earth retaining wall that prevents the collapse of the filling slope, and is a plurality of rectangular wall panels arranged in parallel in the width direction, and the back surface of the wall panel straddling the adjacent wall panels. A plurality of connecting plates arranged on the upper end side and a mold arranged between the wall panel and the connecting plate are provided, and female threads are provided at the four corners of the back surface of the wall panel, and the mold is provided with female threads. A reinforcing material connecting portion connected to the reinforcing material laid inside the filling is formed, and the upper portion of the connecting plate projects upward from the upper end of the wall surface panel, and a plurality of upper openings are provided in the upper portion. Is formed, the lower portion of the connecting plate is located below the upper end of the wall panel, and a plurality of lower openings are formed in the lower portion and passed through the plurality of lower openings. It is an outer wall member in which a plurality of bolts are fastened to the female screw on the upper side of the wall surface panel, so that the adjacent wall surface panels are connected to each other and the wall surface panel and the mold are connected to each other.

In the outer wall member provided by the second aspect of the present invention, the formwork is formed in a grid pattern having a plurality of horizontal streaks extending in the width direction and a plurality of vertical streaks extending in a direction orthogonal to the width direction. In the region where the formwork and the lower portion of the connecting plate overlap, the horizontal streaks pass above and below the lower opening, and the vertical streaks pass on one side of each of the plurality of lower openings in the width direction. And it is preferable to pass through the other side.

In any of the outer wall members provided by the first and second aspects of the invention, the formwork has an elevation extending along the back surface of the wall panel and a bottom surface connected to the lower end of the elevation. It is convenient that the formwork is formed in an L-shape in a cross-sectional view having a portion, or it is preferable that the formwork is formed in an I-shape in a cross-sectional view extending along the back surface of the wall surface panel.

In any of the outer wall members provided by the first and second aspects of the present invention, since adjacent wall panels are connected to each other, a plurality of wall panels can be lifted at once, and more than the upper end of the wall panel. Since a plurality of upper openings are formed in the upper portion of the connecting plate protruding upward, it can be lifted by inserting a widely used hanging tool such as a shackle into the upper opening, and sandwiches the wall panel. Does not require a special hanger of the embodiment. Therefore, according to the outer wall member of the present invention, the construction efficiency can be improved. Further, when a plurality of outer wall members of the present invention are installed as the outer wall of the retaining wall in the vertical direction and the width direction when constructing the retaining wall, the wall panels of the outer wall members adjacent to each other in the width direction are connected via a connecting plate. The wall panels that are adjacent to each other in the vertical direction are connected to each other by being fastened to the female screw on the lower side of the wall panel of the upper outer wall member by a bolt that has passed through the upper opening of the upper part of the connecting plate in the lower outer wall member. Can also be linked.

The back view which shows the 1st Embodiment of the outer wall member constructed according to this invention. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. The rear view of the wall panel shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of part C in FIG. The rear view of the connecting plate shown in FIG. (A) A front view of the additional plate shown in FIG. 1, and a sectional view taken along line EE in (b) and (a). (A) A front view of a first modification of the addition plate, (b) a sectional view taken along line FF in (a), and (c) a first modification of the addition plate are used for the outer wall member shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 4 when the second modification of the additional plate is used for the outer wall member shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 9 when a modified example of the lower plate is used for the outer wall member shown in FIG. The front view which shows the state which the outer wall member shown in FIG. 1 is lifted. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the first stage of the retaining wall including the outer wall member shown in FIG. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the second-stage outer wall member is installed on the first-stage outer wall member shown in FIG. FIG. 13 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line G. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a second stage is constructed on a retaining wall including an outer wall member shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 15 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line H. The back view which shows the 2nd Embodiment of the outer wall member constructed according to this invention. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II. FIG. 18 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line K. FIG. 17 is a sectional view taken along line JJ in FIG. Cross-sectional view A cross-sectional view of an outer wall member having an I-shaped formwork. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the first stage of the retaining wall including the outer wall member shown in FIG. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a second stage is constructed on a retaining wall including an outer wall member shown in FIG.

First, a first embodiment of the outer wall member configured according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

The outer wall member represented by the reference numeral 2 in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a member used for the retaining wall for preventing the collapse of the embankment slope, and is arranged in parallel in the width direction (left-right direction in FIG. 1) of the outer wall member 2. A plurality of (four in the illustrated embodiment) rectangular wall panel 4, a formwork 6 arranged on the back side (front side in FIG. 1) of the wall panel 4, and the wall panel 4 and the formwork 6. It is provided with a plurality of (three in the illustrated embodiment) connecting plates 8 arranged on the upper end side of the back surface of the wall panel 4 so as to straddle the adjacent wall panels 4.

The wall panel 4 in the illustrated embodiment is made of concrete or mortar, and is composed of a lightweight panel having relatively small dimensions and mass (for example, height 500 mm × width 500 mm × thickness 30-40 mm, mass 18 kg). Has been done. As shown in FIG. 3, female threads 10 are provided at the four corners of the back surface of the wall surface panel 4. These female threads 10 are configured by embedding a metal member (not shown) having female threads formed on the inner peripheral surface in the wall surface panel 4.

The formwork 6 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 4. As shown in FIG. 1, the formwork 6 is formed in a grid pattern having a plurality of horizontal streaks 12 extending in the width direction and a plurality of vertical streaks 14 extending in a direction orthogonal to the width direction. The horizontal bar 12 and the vertical bar 14 are formed of a metal material such as steel bar, and the horizontal bar 12 and the vertical bar 14 are joined to each other. The width direction dimension of the formwork 6 corresponds to the width direction dimension of four wall panels 4, and the height dimension of the formwork 6 corresponds to the height dimension of one wall panel 4. As shown in FIG. 2, each vertical bar 14 is bent at the lower end portion of the wall surface panel 4. That is, the formwork 6 is formed in an L-shape in cross section having an elevation portion 16 extending along the back surface of the wall surface panel 4 and a bottom surface portion 18 connected to the lower end of the elevation portion 16. In the middle portion of each vertical bar 14 of the bottom surface portion 18, a reinforcing material connecting portion 20 bent upward in a triangular shape is formed. A reinforcing material laid inside the embankment is connected to the reinforcing material connecting portion 20 which may be curved in an inverted U shape toward the upper side. As shown in FIG. 4, the diameter D of the horizontal bar 12 and the diameter D of the vertical bar 14 are equal to each other, and the thickness of the formwork 6 is 2D, but the diameter of the horizontal bar 12 and the diameter of the vertical bar 14 may be different. .. Further, in the first embodiment, the horizontal streaks 12 are arranged closer to the wall surface panel 4 than the vertical streaks 14, but even if the vertical streaks 14 are arranged closer to the wall surface panel 4 than the horizontal streaks 12. good. The formwork that can be used for the outer wall member 2 is not limited to the above-mentioned formwork 6, and the hole shape may be formed of a rhombus-shaped or hexagonal-shaped expanded metal, or along the back surface of the wall surface panel 4. It may be formed in an extended cross-sectional view I shape (see, for example, FIG. 21).

The connecting plate 8 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 4 and 5. As shown in FIG. 1, in the rectangular connecting plate 8 that can be formed of a metal material such as a steel plate, the upper portion 8a protrudes above the upper end of the wall surface panel 4. A plurality of circular upper openings 22 are formed in the upper portion 8a. The plurality of upper openings 22 in the illustrated embodiment are composed of a pair of upper bolt holes 22a arranged at intervals in the width direction and hanging holes 22b arranged between the upper bolt holes 22a. Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the lower portion 8b of the connecting plate 8 is located below the upper end of the wall surface panel 4. As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of (a pair in the illustrated embodiment) circular lower openings 24 are formed in the lower portion 8b at intervals in the width direction. The connecting plate 8 which may be configured in this way is arranged between the wall panel 4 and the formwork 6, as will be understood by referring to FIG. 4, specifically, the lower portion of the connecting plate 8. 8b is located between the wall surface panel 4 and the vertical streaks 14, and the connecting plate 8 is located above the horizontal streaks 12 located at the top of the plurality of horizontal streaks 12. Further, the thickness T of the connecting plate 8 is smaller than the diameter D of the horizontal streaks 12.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the outer wall member 2 further includes an additional plate 26 arranged at a position facing the lower portion 8b of the connecting plate 8 with the formwork 6 interposed therebetween. As shown in FIG. 6, the additional plate 26, which may be formed of a metal material such as a steel material, has a plurality of (a pair in the illustrated embodiment) circular penetrations at positions facing the plurality of lower openings 24 of the connecting plate 8. The opening 28 is formed. Further, a pair of formwork holding portions 30 protruding downward and bent toward the wall surface panel 4 are formed at the lower ends of the additional plate 26 in the width direction. Then, in the first embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, a pair of bolts 32 passing through a pair of through openings 28 of the additional plate 26 and a pair of lower openings 24 of the connecting plate 8 are on the upper side of the wall surface panel 4. By being fastened to the female screw 10 of the above, adjacent wall panels 4 are connected to each other. Further, when the bolt 32 is fastened to the female screw 10 on the upper side of the wall surface panel 4 via the additional plate 26 and the connecting plate 8, the horizontal bar 12 located at the uppermost portion of the plurality of horizontal bars 12 is the mold of the additional plate 26. Since it is held by the frame holding portion 30, the wall surface panel 4 and the form 6 are connected to each other.

In the first embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, the additional plate 26 is provided with a cylindrical spacer 34 that protrudes from the peripheral edge of the through opening 28 toward the connecting plate 8. The protruding dimension L of the spacer 34 is a dimension corresponding to the difference between the thickness 2D of the mold 6 and the thickness T of the connecting plate 8. In the first embodiment, since the pair of spacers 34 are attached to the peripheral edge of the through opening 28 of the additional plate 26, the additional plates 26 are bent by the tightening force of the bolt 32, and the adjacent wall surfaces are adjacent to each other. It is prevented that a step is generated between the panels 4 in the thickness direction (front-back direction) of the wall surface panel 4. The protrusion dimension L of the spacer 34 does not have to exactly match the difference between the thickness 2D of the mold 6 and the thickness T of the connecting plate 8 (L = 2D—T), and has an appropriate tolerance (for example, ±). About 2 mm) can be tolerated.

Here, a modification of the additional plate will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. FIG. 7 shows a first modification of the additional plate indicated by reference numeral 26'. In the additional plate 26', the formwork holding portion is composed of a pair of holding pieces 36 joined to the lower ends of the additional plate 26'in the width direction. Further, FIG. 8 shows a second modification of the additional plate indicated by reference numeral 26 ″. The additional plate 26 ″ is used when the vertical bar 14 is arranged closer to the wall surface panel 4 than the horizontal bar 12, and the horizontal bar 12 located at the uppermost part of the plurality of horizontal bars 12 is located above the spacer 34. Can be. In the additional plate 26 ″, the formwork holding portion is formed by the spacer 34. In any of the first and second modifications of the additional plate 26, the through opening 28 and the spacer 34 may have the same configuration as that of the additional plate 26.

As shown in FIG. 1, the outer wall member 2 further has a plurality of (three in the illustrated embodiment) rectangular lower plates 38 arranged on the lower end side of the back surface of the wall panel 4 so as to straddle the adjacent wall panels 4. Be prepared. A pair of circular bolt holes 40 (see FIG. 9) are formed in the lower plate 38, which can be formed of a metal material such as a steel material, at intervals in the width direction. Then, the pair of bolts 32 that have passed through the pair of bolt holes 40 of the lower plate 38 are fastened to the female screw 10 on the lower side of the wall surface panel 4, so that the lower end sides of the adjacent wall surface panels 4 are connected to each other. At the same time, the lower end side of the wall panel 4 and the lower end side of the formwork 6 are connected. In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, a cylindrical spacer 42 having a thickness corresponding to the thickness of the mold 6 is attached to the peripheral edge of the bolt hole 40 by the tightening force of the bolt 32. It is prevented that the lower plate 38 is bent and that a step is generated in the thickness direction of the wall surface panels 4 between the adjacent wall surface panels 4. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 10, a lower plate 38'that is provided with a bend over the vertical streaks 14 may be used. Further, in the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a rectangular end plate 43 for connecting the upper wall panel 4 and the lower wall panel 4 located at the widthwise end of the retaining wall is provided. Has been done.

A method of constructing a retaining wall using the outer wall member 2 as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 to 16. When constructing the earth retaining wall, first, the outer wall construction process of constructing the outer wall of the earth retaining wall by installing a plurality of outer wall members 2 transported to the construction site of the earth retaining wall by a transport vehicle such as a trailer at a predetermined installation place is performed. implement. Since the wall panel 4 is composed of lightweight panels, even if the outer wall member 2 includes four wall panels 4, the outer wall is used by using a small work vehicle (not shown) such as a mini hydraulic excavator with a crane function. The construction process can be carried out. As shown in FIG. 11, the work arm (not shown) of the small work vehicle has an upper rope 44 connected to the tip of the work arm and a rod material such as a steel pipe connected to the lower end of the upper rope 44. General-purpose such as 46, a plurality of lower ropes 48 (three in the illustrated embodiment) suspended at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the bar 46, and a shackle attached to the lower end of each lower rope 48. A lifting member 50 having a lifting tool (not shown) is attached. In the outer wall construction step, first, a general-purpose hanging tool such as a shackle is inserted into the hanging hole 22b of the connecting plate 8 to connect the outer wall member 2 and the lifting member 50. Next, the outer wall member 2 is lifted by the work arm, and the foundation concrete 52 is conveyed and installed on the placed base 54 (see FIG. 12). By repeating the transfer of the outer wall member 2, a plurality of outer wall members 2 are installed on the base 54 in parallel in the width direction. As described above, in the first embodiment, since the adjacent wall surface panels 4 are connected to each other, a plurality of wall surface panels 4 can be lifted at one time, and a connecting plate protruding above the upper end of the wall surface panel 4 can be lifted. Since the hanging hole 22b is formed in the upper portion 8a of 8, the outer wall member 2 can be lifted by inserting a general-purpose hanging tool such as a shackle into the hanging hole 22b, which is a special aspect of sandwiching the wall surface panel 4. No need for shackles. Further, in the outer wall member 2, since the adjacent wall surface panels 4 are connected to each other and the wall surface panel 4 and the formwork 6 are connected to each other, the connection work time at the installation location is shortened. Therefore, it is possible to improve the construction efficiency by using the outer wall member 2 when constructing the earth retaining wall. Next, the upper end sides of the adjacent outer wall members 2 are connected to each other by bolts 32 via the connecting plate 8 and the additional plate 26, and the lower end sides of the adjacent outer wall members 2 are connected to each other via the lower plate 38. The outer wall of the first stage (bottom stage) of the earth retaining wall is constructed by connecting with.

After constructing the outer wall of the first stage of the earth retaining wall by carrying out the outer wall construction process, the reinforcing material laying process of connecting the reinforcing material for reinforcing the embankment to the reinforcing material connecting portion 20 of the formwork 6 is carried out. do. As the reinforcing material indicated by reference numeral 56 in FIG. 12, for example, a known synthetic resin net-like reinforcing material called Geogrid can be used. The geogrid, which is preferably formed of a polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene having excellent water resistance and chemical resistance, is usually manufactured to have a width of about 1 to 4 m and a length of about 30 to 50 m, depending on the construction site. It is cut to an appropriate length and used. The mesh size of the geogrid is, for example, about 15 to 30 mm × 80 to 300 mm. Then, the reinforcing material 56 is connected and laid to the reinforcing material connecting portion 20 of the formwork 6 via an appropriate connecting tool 58 such as a rod-shaped member.

Further, before or after the reinforcing material laying process, or in parallel with the reinforcing material laying process, a drainage material laying step of laying the drainage material 60 along the back surface of the outer wall member 2 is carried out. By laying the drainage material 60 that can be composed of non-woven fabric, the rainwater that has permeated the inside of the retaining wall can be guided to the outside of the retaining wall by the drainage material 60, and the rainwater can be prevented from staying inside the retaining wall. , It is possible to prevent fine soil from flowing out from the joint of the wall surface panel 4.

After performing the reinforcement material laying process and drainage material laying process, the reinforced soil wall material is sprinkled on the back side of the outer wall member 2, and the reinforced soil wall material is compacted using a compaction machine such as a vibration roller or a plate compactor. , Implement the reinforced soil wall construction step to construct the reinforced soil wall 62 having the same height as the installed outer wall member 2. As the reinforcing soil wall material, locally generated soil generated from the construction site, cement-based or lime-based solidifying material, and petrochemical-based short fibers (for example, vinylon having a length of about 20 to 40 mm and a thickness of about 30 to 50 μm). It may contain short fiber), but it also contains grain size adjusted crushed stone (for example, crushed stone whose grain size is adjusted to the range of 40 mm or less) and cement-based or lime-based solidifying material, and also contains locally generated soil. It is preferable to use one that does not exist. Since the properties of locally generated soil differ depending on the construction site, by using a reinforced soil wall material that contains grain size adjusted crushed stone and solidified material and does not contain locally generated soil, the quality of reinforced soil is stable at any construction site. The wall can be constructed and the required strength can be ensured even if it does not contain staple fibers.

After constructing the reinforced soil wall 62, the embankment material is sprinkled on the back side of the reinforced soil wall 62, and the embankment material is compacted using a compaction machine to make the height of the reinforced soil wall 62 about the same as that of the constructed reinforced soil wall 62. The embankment construction process for constructing the embankment 64 is carried out. This makes it possible to construct the first stage of the retaining wall. The embankment construction step may be carried out before the reinforced soil wall construction step. Further, as shown in FIG. 12, during the reinforced soil wall construction step and the embankment construction step, the drainage material 60 is laid over the inside of the reinforced soil wall 62 and the inside of the embankment 64.

After the embankment construction step is carried out, the outer wall construction step is carried out again, and the second-stage outer wall member 2 is stacked on the installed first-stage outer wall member 2. As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, when the outer wall member 2 of the second and subsequent stages is lifted, the lower plate 38 is not attached to the lower end side of the outer wall member 2, but the lifting member 50 has a hanging tool at the lower end. Since a plurality of mounted lower ropes 48 are suspended at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the bar 46 (see FIG. 11), the hanging tool is connected to the hanging holes 22b of each connecting plate 8 of the outer wall member 2. By lifting the outer wall member 2 in this state, the outer wall member 2 can be lifted while maintaining the positional relationship between the wall surface panels 4 without separating the lower end sides of the wall surface panels 4.

When stacking the second-stage outer wall member 2 on the first-stage outer wall member 2, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 16, 1 is placed between the wall surface panel 4 of the second-stage outer wall member 2 and the formwork 6. The upper portion 8a of the connecting plate 8 of the outer wall member 2 of the step is inserted. Next, the lower plate 38 is positioned at a position facing the upper portion 8a of the connecting plate 8 of the first-stage outer wall member 2. Then, the bolt 32 is fastened to the female screw 10 on the lower side of the wall surface panel 4 of the second-stage outer wall member 2 via the lower plate 38 and the connecting plate 8 of the first-stage outer wall member 2. Thereby, the outer wall member 2 of the first stage and the outer wall member 2 of the second stage can be connected. When installing the second-stage outer wall member 2, the upper portion 8a of the connecting plate 8 of the first-stage outer wall member 2 serves as a reference (guide) for positioning the second-stage outer wall member 2. The position of the outer wall member 2 on the second stage can be easily adjusted. Further, in the first embodiment, since the formwork 6 is formed in an L shape in cross section, the outer wall member 2 stably stands on the reinforced soil wall 62, and therefore the outer wall members 2 and 2 in the first stage The connection work with the outer wall member 2 of the step can be easily performed. In this way, after stacking the second-stage outer wall member 2 on the first-stage outer wall member 2, the reinforcing material laying process, the drainage material laying process, the reinforced soil wall construction process, and the embankment construction process are repeated, and FIG. As shown in, the second stage of the earth retaining wall is constructed. Then, by repeating each of the above steps, a retaining wall having a required height is constructed. In the soil retaining wall constructed in this way, the reinforcing material 56 attached to the inside of the reinforced soil wall 62 and the inside of the embankment 64 and the formwork 6 of the outer wall member 2 are connected, and the formwork 6 and the wall surface are connected. Since the panel 4 is connected, the wall surface panel 4 is firmly fixed in a predetermined installation place. Therefore, even if the wall surface panel 4 and the reinforced soil wall 62 are not connected by the anchor rod, it is possible to prevent the wall surface panel 4 from falling off after the soil retaining wall is constructed.

When constructing the earth retaining wall, the upper end side of the outer wall member 2 may be slightly tilted forward due to the compaction action by the compaction machine, and the outer wall member 2 may be tilted. In this case, the upper surface of the reinforced soil wall 62 located behind the inclined outer wall member 2 is formed by inclining downward toward the rear (filling 64 side). Then, the soil retaining wall was viewed as a whole by stacking the upper outer wall member 2 along the bottom surface portion 18 of the formwork 6 of the upper outer wall member 2 on the upper surface of the reinforced soil wall 62 formed by inclining. In some cases, the slope of the outer wall can be adjusted so that the angle of the outer wall becomes a predetermined angle. Therefore, when the formwork 6 is formed in an L-shape in cross section, the gradient of the outer wall of the retaining wall can be easily adjusted.

Further, since the reinforced soil construction process performed after the soil retaining wall is constructed in several stages is a work at a high place, it is reinforced after attaching an appropriate safety fence (not shown) to the upper portion 8a of the connecting plate 8. The soil construction process may be performed.

Next, a second embodiment of the outer wall member configured according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the description of the second embodiment, the same components as those of the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

The outer wall member represented by the reference numeral 70 in FIGS. 17 and 18 is a member used for the retaining wall for preventing the collapse of the embankment slope, and is arranged in parallel in the width direction (left-right direction in FIG. 17) of the outer wall member 70. A plurality of rectangular wall panels 4, a plurality of (three in the illustrated embodiment) connecting plates 72 arranged on the upper end side of the back surface of the wall panels 4 straddling adjacent wall panels 4, and a wall panel 4. It is provided with a mold 74 arranged between the connecting plate 72 and the connecting plate 72. The front side in FIG. 17 is the back side of the wall panel 4.

The connecting plate 72 will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 and 19. As shown in FIG. 17, in the rectangular connecting plate 72 that can be formed of a metal material such as a steel plate, the upper portion 72a protrudes above the upper end of the wall surface panel 4. A plurality of circular upper openings 86 are formed in the upper portion 72a. The plurality of upper openings 86 in the illustrated embodiment are composed of a pair of upper bolt holes 86a arranged at intervals in the width direction and a suspension hole 86b arranged between the upper bolt holes 86a. Further, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 19, the lower portion 72b of the connecting plate 72 is located below the upper end of the wall surface panel 4. As shown in FIG. 19, a plurality of (a pair in the illustrated embodiment) circular lower openings 88 are formed in the lower portion 72b at intervals in the width direction.

The formwork 74 will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 to 21. As shown in FIG. 17, the formwork 74 is formed in a grid pattern having a plurality of horizontal streaks 76 extending in the width direction and a plurality of vertical streaks 78 extending in a direction orthogonal to the width direction. The horizontal bar 76 and the vertical bar 78 are formed of a metal material such as steel bar, and the horizontal bar 76 and the vertical bar 78 are joined to each other. The width direction dimension of the formwork 74 corresponds to the width direction dimension of four wall panels 4, and the height dimension of the formwork 74 corresponds to the height dimension of one wall panel 4. As shown in FIG. 18, each vertical streak 78 is bent at the lower end of the wall surface panel 4. That is, the formwork 74 is formed in an L-shape in cross section having an elevation portion 80 extending along the back surface of the wall surface panel 4 and a bottom surface portion 82 connected to the lower end of the elevation portion 80. A reinforcing material connecting portion 84 that is bent upward in a triangular shape is formed in the middle portion of each vertical bar 78 of the bottom surface portion 82. The reinforcing material 56 is connected to the reinforcing material connecting portion 84 which may be curved in an inverted U shape toward the upper side. The diameter of the horizontal bar 76 and the diameter of the vertical bar 78 can be arbitrarily set. Further, in the second embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, the vertical bars 78 are arranged closer to the wall panel 4 than the horizontal bars 76, but the horizontal bars 76 are located closer to the wall panel 4 than the vertical bars 78. They may be placed in close proximity. As will be understood by reference to FIG. 19, in the region where the formwork 74 and the lower portion 72b of the connecting plate 72 overlap, the lateral streaks 76 are above the lower opening 88 and below the lower opening 88. Passing through. Further, as can be understood by referring to FIG. 20, in the region where the formwork 74 and the lower portion 72b overlap, the vertical streaks 78 are formed on one side of each lower opening 88 in the width direction and each lower opening 88. It passes through the other side in the width direction. The formwork that can be used for the outer wall member 70 is not limited to the above-mentioned formwork 74, and the hole shape may be formed of a rhombus-shaped or hexagonal-shaped expanded metal, or as shown in FIG. 21, the wall surface panel. The formwork 74'formed in a cross-sectional view I shape extending along the back surface of No. 4 may be used. The outer wall member having the formwork 74'is indicated by reference numeral 70'. The formwork 74'is formed with a reinforcing material connecting portion 84'at an intermediate portion in the height direction.

In the second embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 17 to 20, a plurality of bolts 32 that have passed through the pair of lower openings 88 of the connecting plate 72 are fastened to the upper female screw 10 of the wall surface panel 4 so as to be adjacent to each other. The matching wall surface panels 4 are connected to each other, and the wall surface panel 4 and the formwork 74 are connected to each other. Further, in the second embodiment, in the region where the formwork 74 and the lower portion 72b overlap, the horizontal streaks 76 pass through both sides of the lower opening 88 in the vertical direction, and the vertical streaks 78 pass through the pair of lower openings 88, respectively. By passing through both sides in the width direction, the connecting plate 72 is bent by the tightening force of the bolt 32, and a step is generated in the thickness direction of the wall panel 4 between the adjacent wall panels 4. It is prevented.

As shown in FIG. 17, the outer wall member 70 further includes a plurality of (three in the illustrated embodiment) rectangular lower plates 90 arranged on the lower end side of the back surface of the wall panel 4 so as to straddle the adjacent wall panels 4. Be prepared. A pair of circular bolt holes (not shown) are formed in the lower plate 90, which can be formed of a metal material such as a steel material, at intervals in the width direction. Then, the pair of bolts 32 that have passed through the pair of bolt holes of the lower plate 90 are fastened to the female screw 10 on the lower side of the wall surface panel 4, so that the lower end sides of the adjacent wall surface panels 4 are connected to each other. At the same time, the lower end side of the wall surface panel 4 and the lower end side of the formwork 74 are connected. In the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 17, in the region where the formwork 74 and the lower plate 90 overlap, the horizontal bars 76 pass through both sides of the bolt holes of the lower plate 90 in the vertical direction, and the vertical bars 78 are below. By passing through both sides of the pair of bolt holes of the side plate 90 in the width direction, the lower plate 90 is bent by the tightening force of the bolt 32, and the wall panel 4 is placed between the adjacent wall panels 4. It is prevented that a step is generated in the thickness direction of the. A rectangular end plate (not shown) may be provided for connecting the upper wall panel 4 positioned at the widthwise end of the retaining wall and the lower wall panel 4.

A method of constructing a retaining wall using the outer wall member 70 as described above will be described. When constructing the earth retaining wall, first, an outer wall construction step of installing a plurality of outer wall members 70 at a predetermined installation place and constructing the outer wall of the earth retaining wall is carried out. In the outer wall construction step, first, a general-purpose hanging tool such as a shackle is inserted into the hanging hole 86b of the connecting plate 72 to connect the outer wall member 70 and the lifting member 50. Next, the outer wall member 70 is lifted by the work arm, and the foundation concrete 52 is conveyed and installed on the placed base 54 (see FIG. 22). By repeating the transfer of the outer wall member 2, a plurality of outer wall members 2 are installed on the base 54 in parallel in the width direction. As described above, also in the second embodiment, since the adjacent wall surface panels 4 are connected to each other, a plurality of wall surface panels 4 can be lifted at once, and the wall surface panels 4 are connected so as to project upward from the upper end. Since the hanging hole 86b is formed in the upper portion 72a of the plate 72, the outer wall member 70 can be lifted by inserting a general-purpose hanging tool such as a shackle into the hanging hole 86b. No need for hanging tools. Further, also in the outer wall member 70, since the adjacent wall surface panels 4 are connected to each other and the wall surface panel 4 and the formwork 74 are connected to each other, the connection work time at the installation location is shortened. Therefore, the construction efficiency can be improved by using the outer wall member 70 when constructing the earth retaining wall. Next, the upper end sides of the adjacent outer wall members 70 are connected to each other by bolts 32 via the connecting plate 72, and the lower end sides of the adjacent outer wall members 2 are connected to each other by bolts 32 via the lower plate 90. , Construct the outer wall of the first stage (bottom stage) of the earth retaining wall.

After the outer wall construction process is carried out to construct the first outer wall of the earth retaining wall, the reinforcing material 56 is connected to the reinforcing material connecting portion 84 of the formwork 74 via an appropriate connecting tool 58 to lay the reinforcing material. Carry out the process. Further, before or after the reinforcing material laying process, or in parallel with the reinforcing material laying process, a drainage material laying step of laying the drainage material 60 along the back surface of the outer wall member 70 is carried out. In the illustrated embodiment, as shown in FIG. 22, the upper end of the drainage material 60 is positioned at a height of about half of the wall surface panel 4.

After performing the reinforcement material laying process and the drainage material laying process, the reinforced soil wall material is sprinkled on the back side of the outer wall member 70, the reinforced soil wall material is compacted using a compaction machine, and the installed outer wall member 70 is installed. The reinforced soil wall construction step for constructing the reinforced soil wall 62 having a height of about half of the above is carried out. After constructing the reinforced soil wall 62, the embankment material is sprinkled on the back side of the reinforced soil wall 62, and the embankment material is compacted using a compaction machine to make the height of the reinforced soil wall 62 about the same as that of the constructed reinforced soil wall 62. The embankment construction process for constructing the embankment 64 is carried out. The embankment construction step may be carried out before the reinforced soil wall construction step.

After the embankment construction step is carried out, the outer wall construction step is carried out again, and the second-stage outer wall member is stacked on the installed first-stage outer wall member 70. In the second embodiment, it is preferable to use the outer wall member 70'(see FIG. 21) having the I-shaped formwork 74' in cross-sectional view as the outer wall member of the second and subsequent stages. When the outer wall member 70 having the L-shaped formwork 74 in cross section is used as the outer wall member of the second and subsequent stages, the bottom surface portion 82 of the formwork 74 and the connecting plate 72 interfere with each other, and the outer wall member 70 in the upper stage This is because it cannot be connected to the lower outer wall member 70. However, even in the formwork having an L-shaped cross section, the bottom surface portion 82 of the portion corresponding to the position of the lower connecting plate 72 does not locally exist, and the interference between the bottom surface portion 82 and the connecting plate 72 is prevented. As long as it is a formwork, an outer wall member having such a formwork can be used as an outer wall member for the second and subsequent stages. When the outer wall member 70 having the L-shaped formwork 74 in cross section is used as the outer wall member of the second and subsequent stages, it is difficult to construct the reinforced soil wall 62 below the bottom surface portion 82. In the reinforced soil wall construction step, the reinforced soil wall 62 having the same height as the height of the outer wall member 70 is constructed.

Also in the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 21, the lower plate 90 is not mounted on the lower end side of the second-stage outer wall member 70', but the second-stage outer wall member 70'is mounted on the lifting member 50. By lifting, the outer wall member 70'can be lifted while maintaining the positional relationship between the wall panels 4 without separating the lower end sides of the wall panels 4.

After stacking the second-stage outer wall member 70'on the first-stage outer wall member 70, the first-stage outer wall member 70 and the second-stage outer wall member 70 pass through the connecting plate 72 of the first-stage outer wall member 70. ´ is connected with the bolt 32. When installing the second-stage outer wall member 70', the upper portion 72a of the connecting plate 72 of the first-stage outer wall member 70 serves as a reference (guide) for positioning the second-stage outer wall member 70'. Therefore, the position of the outer wall member 70'of the second stage can be easily adjusted. In this way, after stacking the second-stage outer wall member 70'on the first-stage outer wall member 70, the reinforcement material laying process, the drainage material laying process, the reinforced soil wall construction process, and the embankment construction process are repeated to retain the soil. Build the second tier of the wall. When constructing the second and subsequent stages of the earth retaining wall, as shown in FIG. 23, the outer wall member 70 is constructed by constructing the reinforced soil wall 62 to a height of about half of the outer wall member 70'of the uppermost stage (so-called wall surface precedent). The upper half of ´ can be used as a safety fence. Further, an appropriate safety fence (not shown) may be attached to the upper portion 72a of the connecting plate 72. Then, by repeating each of the above steps, a retaining wall having a required height is constructed. In the soil retaining wall constructed in this way, the reinforcing material 56 attached to the inside of the reinforced soil wall 62 and the inside of the embankment 64 and the formwork 74 or 74'of the outer wall member 70 or 70'are connected. Moreover, since the formwork 74 or 74'is connected to the wall surface panel 4, the wall surface panel 4 is firmly fixed to a predetermined installation location. Therefore, even if the wall surface panel 4 and the reinforced soil wall 62 are not connected by the anchor rod, it is possible to prevent the wall surface panel 4 from falling off after the soil retaining wall is constructed.

When the outer wall member 70 having the L-shaped formwork 74 in cross section is used as the outer wall member of the second and subsequent stages, the reinforced soil already constructed is more than the upper end of the wall panel 4 of the installed outer wall member 70. When the upper surface of the wall 62 is not flat due to protrusion or the like, the bottom surface portion 82 of the formwork 74 may be affected by the upper surface of the reinforced soil wall 62, and the outer wall members of the second and subsequent stages may be tilted. However, when the outer wall member 70'having the I-shaped formwork 74'in the cross section is used as the outer wall member of the second and subsequent stages as in the second embodiment, the upper surface of the constructed reinforced soil wall 62 is formed. Since it does not have to be flat, the workability of the reinforced soil wall construction process can be improved.

As described above, in both the first and second embodiments, since the adjacent wall panel 4s are connected to each other, a plurality of wall panels 4 can be lifted at once, and the wall panels 4 can be lifted from the upper end of the wall panels 4. Since a plurality of upper openings 22 or 86 are formed in the upper portion 8a or 72a of the connecting plate 8 or 72 protruding upward, a widely used hanger such as a shackle is inserted into the upper opening 22 or 86. By doing so, the outer wall member 2 or 70 (70') can be lifted, and a special hanging tool for sandwiching the wall surface panel 4 is not required. Therefore, the construction efficiency can be improved by using the outer wall member 2 or 70 (70') when constructing the earth retaining wall.

In the first and second embodiments, an example in which a suspension hole 22b or 86b different from the upper bolt hole 22a or 86a is formed in the upper portion 8a or 72a of the connecting plate 8 or 72 has been described. A hanging tool may be inserted into the upper bolt hole 22a or 86a to lift the outer wall member 2 or 70 (70'), in which case the hanging hole 22b or 86b is the upper portion 8a or the connecting plate 8 or 72. It does not have to be formed at 72a.

Further, in both the first and second embodiments, the connecting plate 8 or 72 of the outer wall member 2 or 70 (70') located at the uppermost stage of the retaining wall may be left as it is, but the upper side may be left as it is. If it is not desirable for the portion 8a or 72a to protrude from the upper end of the wall panel 4, it may be removed. If the uppermost connecting plate 8 or 72 of the retaining wall is removed, the lower plate 38 (38') or 90 may be attached to the outer wall member 2 or 70 (70') instead of the connecting plate 8 or 72. Well, or you don't have to wear anything.

In both the first and second embodiments, the lengths of the plurality of reinforcing members 56 laid at intervals in the vertical direction inside the reinforcing soil wall 62 and the inside of the embankment 64 (in FIG. 15 or FIG. 23). The lengths in the left-right direction) may be equal to each other or different from each other.

In both the first and second embodiments, the example of constructing the reinforced soil wall 62 between the outer wall member 2 or 70 (70') and the embankment 64 has been described, but the outer wall member 2 or 70 (70') has been described. ) And the embankment 64, it is not necessary to construct the reinforced soil wall 62.

2: Outer wall member (first embodiment)
4: Wall panel 6: Form 8: Connecting plate 8a: Upper part of connecting plate 8b: Lower part of connecting plate 10: Female screw 12: Horizontal bar 14: Vertical bar 16: Elevation part 18: Bottom part 20: Reinforcing material Connection part 22: Upper side opening of connection plate 24: Lower opening of connection plate 26: Addition plate 28: Through opening of addition plate 30: Frame holding part of addition plate 32: Bolt 34: Spacer of addition plate L: Spacer Protruding dimensions 56: Reinforcing material 62: Reinforcing soil wall 64: Filling soil 70: Outer wall member (second embodiment)
72: Connecting plate 72a: Upper part of connecting plate 72b: Lower part of connecting plate 74: Formwork 76: Horizontal bar 78: Vertical bar 80: Elevation part 82: Bottom part 84: Reinforcing material connection part 86: Connecting plate Upper opening 88: Lower opening of connecting plate

Claims (6)

An outer wall member used for the earth retaining wall to prevent the collapse of the embankment slope.
A plurality of rectangular wall panels arranged in parallel in the width direction, a formwork arranged on the back side of the wall panel, and the adjacent wall panels between the wall panel and the formwork. It is provided with a plurality of connecting plates arranged on the upper end side of the back surface of the wall panel so as to straddle the wall panel.
Female screws are provided at the four corners of the back surface of the wall panel.
A reinforcing material connecting portion connected to the reinforcing material laid inside the embankment is formed on the formwork.
The upper portion of the connecting plate protrudes above the upper end of the wall panel, and a plurality of upper openings are formed in the upper portion, and the lower portion of the connecting plate is below the upper end of the wall panel. It is located and a plurality of lower openings are formed in the lower portion.
Further, the additional plate is provided at a position facing the lower portion of the connecting plate, and the additional plate is formed with a plurality of through openings at positions facing the plurality of lower openings and the mold. A formwork holding part for holding the frame is formed,
By fastening the plurality of bolts that have passed through the plurality of through openings and the plurality of lower openings to the female screw on the upper side of the wall surface panel, the adjacent wall surface panels are connected to each other and the wall surface panel is connected to each other. An outer wall member to which the above-mentioned formwork is connected. The formwork is formed in a grid pattern having a plurality of horizontal stripes extending in the width direction and a plurality of vertical stripes extending in a direction orthogonal to the width direction.
The additional plate is provided with a cylindrical spacer that protrudes from the peripheral edge of the through opening toward the connecting plate, and the protruding dimension of the spacer corresponds to the difference between the thickness of the formwork and the thickness of the connecting plate. The outer wall member according to claim 1, which is a dimension. An outer wall member used for the earth retaining wall to prevent the collapse of the embankment slope.
A plurality of rectangular wall panels arranged in parallel in the width direction, a plurality of connecting plates arranged on the upper end side of the back surface of the wall panel across the adjacent wall panels, and the wall panel and the connecting plate. Equipped with a formwork placed between
Female screws are provided at the four corners of the back surface of the wall panel.
A reinforcing material connecting portion connected to the reinforcing material laid inside the embankment is formed on the formwork.
The upper portion of the connecting plate protrudes above the upper end of the wall panel, and a plurality of upper openings are formed in the upper portion, and the lower portion of the connecting plate is below the upper end of the wall panel. It is located and a plurality of lower openings are formed in the lower portion.
By fastening a plurality of bolts that have passed through the plurality of lower openings to the female screw on the upper side of the wall surface panel, the adjacent wall surface panels are connected to each other and the wall surface panel and the formwork are connected to each other. Outer wall members that are connected. The formwork is formed in a grid pattern having a plurality of horizontal stripes extending in the width direction and a plurality of vertical stripes extending in a direction orthogonal to the width direction.
In the region where the formwork and the lower portion of the connecting plate overlap, the horizontal streaks pass above and below the lower openings, and the vertical streaks pass in the width direction of each of the plurality of lower openings. The outer wall member according to claim 3, which passes through one side and the other side. Claims 1 to 4 are formed in the formwork having an elevation portion extending along the back surface of the wall surface panel and a bottom surface portion connected to the lower end of the elevation portion in a cross-sectional view L-shape. The outer wall member described in any of the above. The outer wall member according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the formwork is formed in an I-shaped cross-sectional view extending along the back surface of the wall surface panel.

Images