JP6999611B2 - Polymers and methods for producing them, gas separation membranes using this polymers, gas separation modules, gas separation devices, and m-phenylenediamine compounds. - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a polymer having an m-phenylenediamine skeleton and a method for producing the same, a gas separation membrane using this polymer, a gas separation module, and a gas separation device, and an m-phenylenediamine compound.

A material made of a polymer compound has a gas permeability peculiar to each material. Based on its properties, a membrane composed of a specific polymer compound can selectively permeate and separate a desired gas component. As an industrial use mode of this gas separation membrane (gas separation membrane), carbon dioxide is emitted from a large-scale carbon dioxide source in thermal power plants, cement plants, blast furnaces of steel mills, etc. in relation to the problem of global warming. Separation and recovery are being considered. In addition, natural gas and biogas (gas generated by fermentation of biological excrement, organic fertilizer, biodegradable substances, sewage, garbage, energy crops, and anaerobic digestion) are mainly mixed gases containing methane and carbon dioxide. Therefore, the use of a gas separation membrane is being studied as a means for removing impurities such as carbon dioxide from this mixed gas.

In the purification of natural gas using a gas separation membrane, excellent gas permeability and gas separation selectivity are required in order to separate the target gas more efficiently. In order to realize this, various membrane materials have been studied, and as a part of them, gas separation membranes using polyimide compounds have been studied. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a polyimide compound having a diamine component in which a specific polar group is introduced into a specific moiety of m-phenylenediamine. According to Patent Document 1, by forming a gas separation layer of a gas separation membrane using this polyimide compound, both gas permeability and gas separation selectivity can be enhanced, and it depends on the plasticizing component in the gas. It is said that the deterioration of performance can be suppressed.

In order to obtain a practical gas separation membrane, the gas separation layer must be made thin to ensure sufficient gas permeability, and the desired gas separation selectivity must be realized. As a method for thinning the gas separation layer, there is a method in which a polymer compound such as a polyimide compound is formed into an asymmetric membrane by a phase separation method, and a portion contributing to separation is made into a thin layer called a dense layer or a skin layer. In this asymmetric membrane, the portion other than the dense layer functions as a support layer that bears the mechanical strength of the membrane.
In addition to the asymmetric membrane, the gas separation layer responsible for the gas separation function and the support layer responsible for the mechanical strength are made of different materials, and a gas separation layer having a gas separation ability is thinly layered on the gas permeable support layer. The morphology of the composite membrane formed in is also known.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-083296

In general, gas permeability and gas separation selectivity are in a so-called trade-off relationship with each other. Therefore, although it is possible to improve either the gas permeability or the gas separation selectivity of the gas separation layer by adjusting the copolymerization component of the polyimide compound used for the gas separation layer, both characteristics are exhibited at a high level. It is difficult to achieve both. Further, when the amount of the plasticizing component in the natural gas is small, when the natural gas is used for a long period of time, contrary to the plasticizing, the film becomes dry and a phenomenon such as densification occurs, and the gas permeability is impaired. Therefore, the gas separation membrane is also required to have the property of being able to sufficiently maintain gas permeability even under harsh drying conditions.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention has excellent gas permeability, gas separation selectivity, and a gas separation membrane that does not easily decrease gas permeability even when exposed to harsh drying conditions, a gas separation module having this gas separation membrane, and a gas separation module having this gas separation membrane. An object of the present invention is to provide a gas separation device. Another object of the present invention is to provide a functional polymer suitable for application of the gas separation membrane to the gas separation layer, a method for producing the same, and a diamine compound suitable as a raw material for the polymer.

式（Ｉ）中、Ｒ ^Ｂ は水素原子、炭素数１～４のアルキル基、塩素原子、臭素原子、又はヨウ素原子であり、Ｒ ^Ａ 及びＲ ^Ｃ は水素原子、炭素数１～４のアルキル基、又はハロゲン原子を示す。但し、Ｒ^Ａ、Ｒ^Ｂ及びＲ^Ｃの少なくとも１つは炭素数１～４のアルキル基又はハロゲン原子である。上記の炭素数１～４のアルキル基はトリフルオロメチルではない。＊＊は連結部位を示す。
〔２〕
上記式（Ｉ）で表される構成成分がジアミン由来成分である、〔１〕に記載のポリマー。
〔３〕
上記Ｒ^Ａ、Ｒ^Ｂ及びＲ^Ｃの少なくとも１つが、上記の炭素数１～４のアルキル基である、〔１〕又は〔２〕に記載のポリマー。
〔４〕
下記式（Ｉａ）で表されるｍ－フェニレンジアミン化合物を原料としてポリマーを得ることを含む、〔１〕～〔３〕のいずれかに記載のポリマーの製造方法。

式（Ｉａ）中、Ｒ^Ａ、Ｒ^Ｂ及びＲ^Ｃは、それぞれ、上記式（Ｉ）におけるＲ^Ａ、Ｒ^Ｂ及びＲ^Ｃと同義である。
〔５〕
下記式（Ｉ）で表される構成成分を有するポリマーを含有してなるガス分離層を有するガス分離膜。

式（Ｉ）中、Ｒ ^Ａ 、Ｒ ^Ｂ 及びＲ ^Ｃ は水素原子、炭素数１～４のアルキル基、又はハロゲン原子を示す。但し、Ｒ ^Ａ 、Ｒ ^Ｂ 及びＲ ^Ｃ の少なくとも１つは炭素数１～４のアルキル基又はハロゲン原子である。前記の炭素数１～４のアルキル基はトリフルオロメチルではない。＊＊は連結部位を示す。
〔６〕
ガス分離層を構成するポリマーとして、下記式（II）で表される構成単位を有するポリイミド化合物を含有する、ガス分離膜。

式（II）中、Ｒ^Ａ、Ｒ^Ｂ及びＲ^Ｃは水素原子、炭素数１～４のアルキル基、又はハロゲン原子を示す。但し、Ｒ^Ａ、Ｒ^Ｂ及びＲ^Ｃの少なくとも１つは炭素数１～４のアルキル基又はハロゲン原子である。上記の炭素数１～４のアルキル基はトリフルオロメチルではない。
Ｒは下記式（Ｉ－１）～（Ｉ－２８）のいずれかで表される基を示す。ここでＸ^１～Ｘ^３は単結合又は２価の連結基を、Ｌは－ＣＨ＝ＣＨ－又は－ＣＨ_２－を、Ｒ^１及びＲ^２は水素原子又は置換基を示し、＊は式（II）中のカルボニル基との結合部位を示す。

〔７〕
上記Ｒ^Ａ、Ｒ^Ｂ及びＲ^Ｃの少なくとも１つが、上記の炭素数１～４のアルキル基である、〔６〕に記載のガス分離膜。
〔８〕
上記ガス分離膜が、上記ガス分離層をガス透過性の支持層上側に有するガス分離複合膜である、〔５〕～〔７〕のいずれかに記載のガス分離膜。
〔９〕
二酸化炭素及びメタンを含むガスから二酸化炭素を選択的に透過させるために用いられる、〔５〕～〔８〕のいずれかに記載のガス分離膜。
〔１０〕
〔５〕～〔９〕のいずれかに記載のガス分離膜を有するガス分離モジュール。
〔１１〕
〔５〕～〔９〕のいずれかに記載のガス分離膜を有するガス分離装置。
〔１２〕
下記式（Ｉａ－１）で表されるｍ－フェニレンジアミン化合物。

式（Ｉａ－１）中、Ｒ^ａは水素原子、炭素数１～３のアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、炭素数１～３のアルコキシ基、又は炭素数１～３のアシルオキシ基を示し、－Ｃ（Ｒ^ａ）_３の炭素数は１～４である。
Ｒ^Ｂ及びＲ^Ｃは水素原子、炭素数１～４のアルキル基、又はハロゲン原子を示す。
但し、－Ｃ（Ｒ^ａ）_３はトリフルオロメチルではなく、Ｒ ^Ｂ 及びＲ^Ｃとして採り得る炭素数１～４のアルキル基もトリフルオロメチルではない。また、－Ｃ（Ｒ ^ａ ） _３ を構成する３つのＲ ^ａ と、Ｒ ^Ｂ と、Ｒ ^Ｃ のすべてが水素原子となることはない。
The above-mentioned problems of the present invention are solved by the following means.
[1]
A polymer having a constituent component represented by the following formula (I), wherein the polymer is a polyimide compound or a polyamide compound .

In formula (I), RB is a hydrogen ^atom , an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, and ^RA and ^RC are a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. , Or a halogen atom. However, at least one of ^RA , ^RB and ^RC is an alkyl group or a halogen atom having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The above alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is not trifluoromethyl. ** indicates the connection site.
[2]
The polymer according to [1], wherein the constituent component represented by the above formula (I) is a diamine-derived component.
[3]
The polymer according to [1] or [2], wherein at least one of the above ^RA , RB and ^RC is the above ^- mentioned alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
[4 ]
The method for producing a polymer according to any one of [1] to [ 3 ], which comprises obtaining a polymer from an m-phenylenediamine compound represented by the following formula (Ia) as a raw material.

In formula (Ia), ^RA , ^RB , and ^RC are synonymous with ^RA , ^RB , and ^RC in the above formula (I), respectively.
[ 5 ]
A gas separation membrane having a gas separation layer containing a polymer having a constituent component represented by the following formula (I) .

In formula (I), ^RA , RB and ^RC represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom ^. However, at least one of ^RA , RB and ^RC is an alkyl group or a halogen atom having 1 to 4 carbon ^atoms . The above-mentioned alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is not trifluoromethyl. ** indicates the connection site.
[ 6 ]
A gas separation membrane containing a polyimide compound having a structural unit represented by the following formula (II) as a polymer constituting the gas separation layer.

In formula (II), ^RA , ^RB and ^RC represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom. However, at least one of ^RA , ^RB and ^RC is an alkyl group or a halogen atom having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The above alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is not trifluoromethyl.
R represents a group represented by any of the following formulas (I-1) to (I-28). Here, X ¹ to X ³ represent a single bond or a divalent linking group, L represents -CH = CH- or -CH _2- , R ¹ and R ² represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and * represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. II) Shows the binding site with the carbonyl group in.

[ 7 ]
The gas separation membrane according to [ 6 ], wherein at least one of the above ^RA , RB and ^RC is the above ^- mentioned alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
[ 8 ]
The gas separation membrane according to any one of [ 5 ] to [ 7 ], wherein the gas separation membrane is a gas separation composite membrane having the gas separation layer on the upper side of a gas permeable support layer.
[ 9 ]
The gas separation membrane according to any one of [ 5 ] to [ 8 ], which is used for selectively permeating carbon dioxide from a gas containing carbon dioxide and methane.
[ 10 ]
A gas separation module having the gas separation membrane according to any one of [ 5 ] to [ 9 ].
[ 11 ]
A gas separation device having the gas separation membrane according to any one of [ 5 ] to [ 9 ].
[ 12 ]
An m-phenylenediamine compound represented by the following formula (Ia-1).

In the formula (Ia-1), Ra represents ^a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or an acyloxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. , -C ( ^Ra ) ₃ has 1 to 4 carbon atoms .
^RB and ^RC represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom .
However, —C ( ^Ra ) ₃ is not trifluoromethyl, and the alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms that can be taken as ^RB and ^RC are not trifluoromethyl. Further, not all of the three ^Ra , RB , and ^RC constituting -C (R ^{a )} 3 _become hydrogen atoms.

In the present specification, the numerical range represented by "-" means that the numerical values described before and after the numerical range are included as the lower limit value and the upper limit value.
In the present specification, when there are a plurality of substituents, linking groups, etc. (hereinafter referred to as substituents, etc.) indicated by a specific reference numeral, or when a plurality of substituents, etc. are specified simultaneously or selectively, each of them is used. It means that the substituents and the like may be the same or different from each other. This also applies to the regulation of the number of substituents and the like. Further, when the polymer has a plurality of components having the same label, the components may be the same or different from each other.
Substituents (same for linking groups) that are not specified as substituted or unsubstituted in the present specification may have any substituent as long as the desired effect is not impaired. be. This is also synonymous with compounds that do not specify substitution or no substitution.

The gas separation membrane, gas separation module and gas separation device of the present invention have excellent gas permeability and gas separation selectivity, and further have sufficient gas permeability even when the gas separation layer is exposed to harsh drying conditions. Can be maintained at. Further, the polymer of the present invention has a structure in which the constituent components are characteristic, and can be used as various functional polymers including the constituent material of the gas separation layer.

It is sectional drawing which shows typically one Embodiment of the gas separation composite membrane of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows typically another embodiment of the gas separation composite membrane of this invention.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described.
[polymer]
The polymer (polymer compound) of the present invention has a constituent component represented by the following formula (I).

In formula (I), ^RA , ^RB and ^RC represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms), or a halogen atom. ** indicates the connection site for incorporation into the polymer.
In formula (I), at least one of ^RA , ^RB and ^RC is an alkyl group or halogen atom having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Of these, a form in which at least ^RA is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a halogen atom is preferable.
Examples of the halogen atom that can be taken as ^RA , ^RB and ^RC include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom. The halogen atom is preferably a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, and more preferably a chlorine atom.

In the component represented by the formula (I), at least one of ^RA , ^RB and ^RC is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and at least ^RA has 1 to 4 carbon atoms. It is more preferably an alkyl group.
Alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which can be taken as ^RA , ^RB and ^RC may have a substituent. That is, the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which can be taken as ^RA , ^RB and ^RC may be a substituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. However, it is preferable that the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which can be obtained as ^RA , ^RB and ^RC is not trifluoromethyl.
When the above-mentioned alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is trifluoromethyl, the monomer leading to such a constituent tends to be difficult to polymerize due to the combination of steric influence and electronic influence. For example, when the component of the formula (I) is a diamine component and ^RA , ^RB or ^RC is trifluoromethyl, the diamine monomer leading to this diamine component is inferior in polymerization efficiency.
The alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which can be obtained as ^RA , ^RB and ^RC is preferably a substituted alkyl group having one or two substituents. That is, the alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms that can be taken as ^RA , ^RB , and ^RC are unsubstituted alkyl groups, monosubstituted alkyl groups in which one hydrogen atom constituting the unsubstituted alkyl group is replaced with a substituent. Alternatively, it is also preferable that it is a disubstituted alkyl group in which two hydrogen atoms constituting the unsubstituted alkyl group are replaced with a substituent.
When the above-mentioned alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is a substituted alkyl group, examples of the substituent in this substituted alkyl group include a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group (preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms), and an acyloxy group. (Preferably, the number of carbon atoms is 1 to 3), and a halogen atom is preferable.
The alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which can be obtained as ^RA , ^RB and ^RC is preferably an unsubstituted alkyl group.
Further, the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which can be obtained as ^RA , ^RB and ^RC is preferably ethyl or methyl, more preferably unsubstituted ethyl or unsubstituted methyl, and even more preferably unsubstituted methyl.

The polymer of the present invention exhibits desired properties or functionality due to the unique structure represented by the above formula (I). For example, it is possible to realize a low dielectric constant of the polymer and further enhance the transparency of the polymer. Although the reason for this is not clear, the fact that the constituent component of the formula (I) has a trifluoromethyl group at a specific site contributes to lowering the dielectric constant and improving the transparency of the polymer, and further, in the formula (1). The fact that at least one of ^RA , ^RB and ^RC of RA is a specific lower alkyl group or halogen atom also moderately suppresses the flatness or packing property of the polymer and creates appropriate voids in the polymer, and the above-mentioned low It is considered that it effectively works to increase the dielectric constant and improve the transparency.

Based on the above characteristics, the polymer having the constituent component represented by the above formula (I) can be used as various functional polymers. For example, the polymer of the present invention can be suitably used as a constituent polymer such as a transparent heat-resistant resin, a low dielectric constant resin, a high-frequency-compatible material, and a moisture-proof coating material.

Further, the polymer of the present invention is also suitable as a constituent material of the gas separation layer of the gas separation membrane. By using the polymer of the present invention, even when the gas separation layer is formed into a thin layer, a desired gas component can be permeated from the mixed gas with high selectivity, and gas permeability and gas separation selection can be achieved. It is possible to achieve both sex at a high level. This gas separation membrane can sufficiently maintain the gas permeability of the gas separation layer even under harsh drying conditions. This is because the trifluoromethyl group suppresses the cohesive force of the polymer, and the flatness or packing property of ^RA , ^RB and ^RC is suppressed, and the gas separation selectivity is not impaired in the polymer. It is considered that a sufficient amount of voids are formed, and as a result, a high amount of free volume is imparted, and this amount of free volume can be sufficiently maintained even when exposed to harsh drying conditions. Therefore, the gas separation membrane using the polymer of the present invention for the gas separation layer is particularly suitable for use in a natural gas field having a small amount of thermoplastic components.
When the polymer of the present invention is used as a constituent material for the gas separation layer, the polymer is preferably a polyimide compound as described later.

The constituent component represented by the above formula (I) is preferably a constituent component derived from the m-phenylenediamine compound represented by the following formula (Ia). That is, the polymer of the present invention is preferably obtained by using the m-phenylenediamine compound represented by the following formula (Ia) as a synthetic raw material.

In formula (Ia), ^RA , ^RB , and ^RC are synonymous with ^RA , ^RB , and ^RC in the above formula (I), respectively, and the preferred forms are also the same.

The polymer of the present invention can be obtained as a polyimide compound by polycondensing the m-phenylenediamine compound represented by the above formula (Ia) and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride. The polyimide compound can be synthesized by a conventional method except for the raw materials used. In addition, general books (for example, edited by Yoshio Imai and Rikio Yokota, "Latest Polygonic-Basics and Applications-", NTS Co., Ltd., August 25, 2010, p.3-49, etc. ) Can be appropriately referred to and synthesized.
Further, a polyurethane compound can be obtained by isocyanateming the amino group of the m-phenylenediamine compound of the general formula (I) and then reacting with the diol compound. Polyurethane compounds can be synthesized by a conventional method except for the raw materials used. For example, "Polymer Experiments Vol. 5, Polycondensation and Polyaddition", edited by the editorial board of Polymer Experiments of the Society of Polymer Science, Kyoritsu. You can see the publication, 1980.
After the m-phenylenediamine compound of the general formula (I) is isocyanated, the polyurea compound is produced by reacting with the diamine compound or by reacting the m-phenylenediamine compound of the general formula (I) with the diisocyanate compound. Obtainable. The polyurea compound can be synthesized by a conventional method except for the raw materials used. Also, for example, the editorial board of the Polymer Experiments of the Society of Polymer Science, "Polymer Experiments Vol. 5, Polycondensation and Addition", Kyoritsu Shuppan, 1980 can be referred to.
A polyamide compound can be obtained by polycondensing the m-phenylenediamine compound of the general formula (1) and the dicarboxylic acid compound. Polyamide compounds can be synthesized by conventional methods except for the raw materials used. For example, "Polymer Experiments Vol. 5, Polycondensation and Polyaddition", edited by the editorial board of Polymer Experiments of the Society of Polymer Science, Kyoritsu. You can see the publication, 1980.

In the present invention, the molecular weight of the "polymer" is not particularly limited as long as the above structure is satisfied. For example, the molecular weight can be 1000 to 1000,000, preferably 10,000 to 500,000, more preferably 20,000 to 300,000. Here, when the molecular weight is 1000 or more, it is a value as a weight average molecular weight.

[Gas separation membrane]
The gas separation membrane of the present invention has a gas separation layer containing the polymer of the present invention described above. It is considered that the polymer of the present invention has a high free volume as described above, and can maintain this free volume even when exposed to harsh drying conditions. By using this polymer as a constituent material of the gas separation layer, it is possible to achieve both gas permeability and gas separation selectivity at a high level, and to sufficiently maintain gas separation performance even in a harsh environment. ..

The gas separation layer of the gas separation membrane of the present invention is preferably a polyimide compound having at least a constituent component represented by the above formula (I). This polyimide compound preferably has at least a structural unit represented by the following formula (II).

In formula (II), ^RA , ^RB , and ^RC are synonymous with ^RA , ^RB , and ^RC in the above formula (I), respectively, and the preferred forms are also the same.

In the above formula (II), R represents a group of structures represented by any of the following formulas (I-1) to (I-28). Here, X ¹ to X ³ represent a single bond or a divalent linking group, L represents -CH = CH- or -CH _2- , R ¹ and R ² represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and * represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. II) Shows the binding site with the carbonyl group in. R is preferably a group represented by the formula (I-1), (I-2) or (I-4), and is a group represented by (I-1) or (I-4). Is more preferable, and it is particularly preferable that the group is represented by (I-1).

In the above formulas (I-1), (I-9) and (I-18) ^, X1 to X3 represent a ^single bond or a divalent linking group. The divalent linking group is -C (R ^x ) _2- (R ^x indicates a hydrogen atom or a substituent. If R ^x is a substituent, they may be linked to each other to form a ring). -O-, -SO _2- , -C (= O)-, -S-, -NR ^Y- ( ^RY is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group) or an aryl group (preferably phenyl). Group)), -C ₆ H _4- (phenylene group), or a combination thereof is preferable, and single bond or -C (R ^x ) ₂ -is more preferable. When R ^x indicates a substituent, specific examples thereof include a group selected from the substituent group Z described later, and among them, an alkyl group (preferably the range is synonymous with the alkyl group shown in the substituent group Z described later). There is), an alkyl group having a halogen atom as a substituent is more preferable, and trifluoromethyl is particularly preferable. In the formula (I-18), X3 is linked to one of the two carbon atoms described ^on the left side thereof and one of the two carbon atoms described on the right side thereof. Means that you are.

In the above formulas (I-4), (I-15), (I-17), (I-20), (I-21) and (I-23), L is -CH = CH- or -CH ₂ . -Indicates.

In the above formula (I-7), R ¹ and R ² represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Examples of this substituent include a group selected from the substituent group Z described later. R ¹ and R ² may be coupled to each other to form a ring.
R ¹ and R ² are preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, and even more preferably a hydrogen atom.

The carbon atoms represented by the formulas (I-1) to (I-28) may further have a substituent as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. In the present invention, the form having this substituent is also included in the group represented by any of the formulas (I-1) to (I-28). Specific examples of this substituent include groups selected from the substituent group Z described later, and among them, an alkyl group or an aryl group is preferable.

In the polyimide compound used in the present invention, the content of the structural unit represented by the above formula (II) is preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more, still more preferably 40% by mass or more. The polyimide compound used in the present invention is also preferably composed of the structural unit represented by the above formula (II).
The polyimide compound may have a structural unit represented by the following formula (III) or (IV) in addition to the structural unit represented by the above formula (II). However, the structural units represented by the following formula (III) do not include those included in the structural units represented by the above formula (II). The polyimide compound may contain one or more structural units represented by the following formula (III) or (IV).

In the above formulas (III) and (IV), R has the same meaning as R in the formula (II), and the preferred form is also the same. ^R4 to ^R6 indicate substituents. Examples of the substituent include a group selected from the substituent group Z described later.
^R4 is preferably an alkyl group, a carboxy group, a sulfamoyl group, a carbamoyl group or a halogen atom. L1 indicating the number of ^R4 is an integer of 0 to 4. When R ⁴ is an alkyl group, the number of carbon atoms of this alkyl group is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 5, further preferably 1 to 3, and even more preferably methyl. It is ethyl or trifluoromethyl. The structural unit of the formula (III) preferably has a carboxy group or a sulfamoyl group. When the structural unit of the formula (III) has a carboxy group or a sulfamoyl group, the number of the carboxy group or the sulfamoyl group in the formula (III) is preferably one.
In formula (III), the two linking sites for incorporation into the polyimide compound of the diamine component (ie, the phenylene group capable of having ^R4 ) are preferably located at the meta or para positions of each other, and are at the meta position of each other. It is more preferable to be located.

It is preferable that R ⁵ and R ⁶ indicate an alkyl group or a halogen atom, or indicate a group which is linked to each other to form a ring with X ⁴ . Further, a form in which two R ^5s are connected to form a ring and a form in which two R ^6s are connected to form a ring are also preferable. The structure in which R ⁵ and R ⁶ are connected is not particularly limited, and single bond, —O— or —S— is preferable. M1 and n1 indicating the numbers of R5 and R6 are integers of 0 to ⁴ , preferably 0 to ³ , more preferably 0 to 2, and even more preferably 0 or 1. When R ⁵ and R ⁶ are alkyl groups, the number of carbon atoms of this alkyl group is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 5, further preferably 1 to 3, and even more preferably. Is methyl, ethyl or trifluoromethyl.
In formula (IV), the two linking sites for incorporation into the polyimide compound of the two phenylene groups in the diamine component (ie, the two phenylene groups capable of having R ⁵ and R ⁶ ) are at the linking site of ^X4 . On the other hand, it is preferably located in the meta position or the para position.

X ⁴ has the same meaning as X ¹ in the above formula (I-1), and the preferred form is also the same.

The polyimide compound used in the present invention has a structural unit represented by the above formula (II), a structural unit represented by the above formula (III), and a repeating unit represented by the above formula (IV) in its structure. The ratio of the molar amount of the repeating unit represented by the formula (II) to the total molar amount is preferably 40 to 100 mol%, more preferably 50 to 100 mol%, and 70 to 100 mol%. It is also preferable, it is preferably 80 to 100 mol%, and it is also preferable that it is 90 to 100 mol%. The repeating unit represented by the above formula (II), the repeating unit represented by the above formula (III), and the repeating unit represented by the above formula (IV) occupy the total molar amount of the formula (II). The ratio of the molar amount of the repeating unit represented by) is 100 mol% means that the polyimide compound is a repeating unit represented by the above formula (III) and a repeating unit represented by the above formula (IV). It means that they do not have either.

The polyimide compound used in the present invention is composed of the structural unit represented by the above formula (II), or when it has a repeating unit other than the structural unit represented by the above formula (II), the above formula (II). It is preferable that the remainder other than the structural unit represented by the above formula (III) is composed of the structural unit represented by the above formula (III) or the above formula (IV). Here, "consisting of the structural unit represented by the above formula (III) or the above formula (IV)" is represented by the above formula (IV), which is an embodiment consisting of the structural unit represented by the above formula (III). It is meant to include three embodiments consisting of a structural unit and a structural unit represented by the above formula (III) and a structural unit represented by the above formula (IV).

Substituent group Z:
An alkyl group (preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, for example, methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl, n-octyl. , N-decyl, n-hexadecyl), cycloalkyl groups (preferably 3 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, Cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like), alkenyl groups (preferably 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, allyl, 2 -Butenyl, 3-pentenyl, etc.), alkynyl group (preferably 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, for example, propargyl, 3-pentynyl and the like), aryl groups (preferably 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof are phenyl and p-methyl. Examples thereof include phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl and the like.), Amino group (containing amino group, alkylamino group, arylamino group, heterocyclic amino group, preferably 0 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 0 to 20 carbon atoms, Particularly preferably, it is an amino group having 0 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, dibenzylamino, diphenylamino, and ditrilamino), and an alkoxy group (preferably 1 to 30 carbon atoms). , More preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy, 2-ethylhexyloxy and the like), and an aryloxy group (preferably carbon). It is an aryloxy group having 6 to 30, more preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include phenyloxy, 1-naphthyloxy, and 2-naphthyloxy), and hetero. A ring oxy group (preferably a heterocyclic oxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include pyridyloxy, pyraziloxy, pyrimidyloxy, and quinolyloxy. .),

Acyl group (preferably an acyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include acetyl, benzoyl, formyl, pivaloyl and the like), alkoxy. A carbonyl group (preferably an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 12 carbonyl groups, and examples thereof include methoxycarbonyl and ethoxycarbonyl), aryloxy. A carbonyl group (preferably an aryloxycarbonyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 7 to 12 carbonyl groups, and examples thereof include phenyloxycarbonyl and the like), acyloxy groups ( It is preferably an acyloxy group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include acetoxy and benzoyloxy), and an acylamino group (preferably carbonyl group). It is an acylamino group having 2 to 30, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include acetylamino and benzoylamino).

An alkoxycarbonylamino group (preferably an alkoxycarbonylamino group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include methoxycarbonylamino) and aryl. Oxycarbonylamino group (preferably an aryloxycarbonylamino group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 7 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include phenyloxycarbonylamino). , A sulfonylamino group (preferably 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include methanesulfonylamino and benzenesulfonylamino), sulfamoyl groups. (Preferably a sulfamoyl group having 0 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 0 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 0 to 12 carbon atoms, such as sulfamoyl, methylsulfamoyl, dimethylsulfamoyl, phenylsulfamoyl and the like. Is mentioned.),

An alkylthio group (preferably an alkylthio group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably an alkylthio group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include methylthio and ethylthio), an arylthio group (preferably). It is an arylthio group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include phenylthio) and a heterocyclic thio group (preferably 1 to 30 carbon atoms). , More preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as pyridylthio, 2-benzimizolylthio, 2-benzoxazolylthio, 2-benzthiazolylthio and the like. Is mentioned.),

A sulfonyl group (preferably a sulfonyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include mesyl and tosyl), a sulfinyl group (preferably). It is a sulfinyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include methanesulfinyl, benzenesulfinyl and the like), and ureido groups (preferably 1 carbon atoms). ~ 30, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as ureido, methyl ureido, phenyl ureido, etc.), phosphate amide group (preferably carbon number of carbons). It is a phosphate amide group having 1 to 30, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include diethyl phosphate amide and phenyl phosphate amide), hydroxy groups, and mercapto. Groups, halogen atoms (eg, fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, iodine atoms, more preferably fluorine atoms),

Cyano group, carboxy group, oxo group, nitro group, hydroxamic acid group, sulfino group, hydrazino group, imino group, heterocyclic group (preferably a 3- to 7-membered heterocyclic group, even an aromatic heterocycle and not aromatic. It may be a hetero ring, and examples of the hetero atom constituting the hetero ring include a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom. The number of carbon atoms is preferably 0 to 30, and more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms. It is a group, and specific examples thereof include imidazolyl, pyridyl, quinolyl, frill, thienyl, piperidyl, morpholino, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, carbazolyl, azepinyl and the like, and a silyl group (preferably carbon number of carbons). It is a silyl group having 3 to 40, more preferably 3 to 30 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 3 to 24 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include trimethylsilyl and triphenylsilyl.), A silyloxy group (preferably 3 to 40 carbon atoms). , More preferably a silyloxy group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 3 to 24 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include trimethylsilyloxy and triphenylsilyloxy). These substituents may be further substituted with any one or more substituents selected from the above-mentioned substituent group Z.
In the present invention, when there are a plurality of substituents in one structural site, those substituents are linked to each other to form a ring, or are condensed with a part or all of the structural site to form an aromatic aromatic. It may form a ring or an unsaturated heterocycle.

When the compound or the substituent or the like contains an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or the like, these may be linear or branched, and may be substituted or unsubstituted. Further, when an aryl group, a heterocyclic group and the like are contained, they may be monocyclic or condensed, and may be substituted or unsubstituted.
In the present specification, those described only as substituents refer to this substituent group Z unless otherwise specified, and when the name of each group is only described (). For example, when only described as "alkyl group"), a preferable range and specific examples of the corresponding group of the substituent group Z are applied.

The molecular weight of the polyimide compound is preferably 10,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 15,000 to 500,000, and further preferably 20,000 to 200,000 as a weight average molecular weight. be.

In the present specification, the molecular weight and the degree of dispersion are values measured by the GPC (gel filtration chromatography) method unless otherwise specified, and the molecular weight is a polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight. The gel packed in the column used in the GPC method is preferably a gel having an aromatic compound as a repeating unit, and examples thereof include a gel made of a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer. It is preferable to use 2 to 6 columns connected in combination. Examples of the solvent used include ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and amide solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidinone. The measurement is preferably performed in a solvent flow rate range of 0.1 to 2 mL / min, and most preferably 0.5 to 1.5 mL / min. By performing the measurement within this range, the device is not overloaded and the measurement can be performed more efficiently. The measurement temperature is preferably 10 to 50 ° C, most preferably 20 to 40 ° C. The column and carrier to be used can be appropriately selected according to the physical characteristics of the polymer to be measured symmetric.

The polyimide compound can be synthesized by condensation polymerizing a bifunctional acid anhydride (tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride) having a specific structure and a diamine having a specific structure by a conventional method as described above.

In the synthesis of the polyimide compound, the tetracarboxylic dianhydride which is one of the raw materials is preferably represented by the following formula (V).

In the formula (V), R has the same meaning as R in the above formula (II), and the preferred form is also the same.

Specific examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride that can be used in the present invention include those shown below. In the following structural formula, Ph is phenyl.

In the synthesis of the polyimide compound that can be used in the present invention, at least one of the diamine compounds as the other raw material is represented by the above formula (Ia).
Preferred specific examples of the diamine compound represented by the formula (Ia) are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In the following structural formula, Me is methyl, Et is ethyl, and Pr is normal propyl.

Further, in the synthesis of the polyimide compound that can be used in the present invention, the diamine compound as a raw material is represented by the following formula (IIIa) or the following formula (IVa) in addition to the diamine compound represented by the above formula (Ia). Diamine compounds may be used.

In formula (IIIa), ^R4 and l1 are synonymous with ^R4 and l1 in the above formula (III), respectively, and the preferred forms are also the same. However, the diamine compound represented by the formula (III) is not the diamine compound represented by the formula (Ia).
In formula (IVa), R ⁵ , R ⁶ , X ⁴ , m1 and n1 are synonymous with R ⁵ , R ⁶ , X ⁴ , m1 and n1 in the above formula (IV), respectively, and the preferred embodiments are also the same. ..

Preferred specific examples of the diamine compound represented by the formula (IIIa) or (IVa) are shown below.

In the synthesis of the polyimide compound that can be used in the present invention, as the diamine compound as a raw material, paragraphs [0023] to [0034] of JP-A-2015-83296 and paragraphs [0017] to [0045] of International Publication No. 2017/0024-07. It is also preferred to use a diamine compound that leads to the repeating unit of polyimide as defined in. Specific examples of such diamine compounds are given below.

The polyimide compound used in the present invention may be a block copolymer, a random copolymer, or a graft copolymer.

The polyimide compound used in the present invention can be obtained by mixing each of the above raw materials in a solvent and performing condensation polymerization by a usual method as described above.
The solvent is not particularly limited, but is not particularly limited, but is an ester compound such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, and an aliphatic ketone compound such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone. , Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dibutylbutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, methylcyclopentyl ether, ether compounds such as dioxane, N-methylpyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylimidazolidinone, dimethylacetamide and other amide compounds, dimethylsulfoxide, sulfolane and the like. Examples include sulfur-containing compounds. These organic solvents are appropriately selected to the extent that they can dissolve the reaction substrate tetracarboxylic dianhydride, diamine compound, reaction intermediate polyamic acid, and the final product polyimide compound. It is a thing. Preferred are ester compounds (preferably butyl acetate), aliphatic ketone compounds (preferably methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone), ether compounds (diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, methylcyclopentyl ether), amides. A compound (preferably N-methylpyrrolidone) or a sulfur-containing compound (dimethylsulfoxide, sulfolane) is preferable. In addition, these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The polymerization reaction temperature is not particularly limited, and a temperature that can be usually adopted in the synthesis of the polyimide compound can be adopted. Specifically, it is preferably −40 to 60 ° C., more preferably −30 to 50 ° C.

A polyimide compound can be obtained by imidizing the polyamic acid produced by the above polymerization reaction by subjecting it to a dehydration ring closure reaction in the molecule. For example, a thermal imidization method in which the product is heated to 120 ° C to 200 ° C to remove by-produced water from the system and reacted, or acetic anhydride or dicyclohexyl in the coexistence of a basic catalyst such as pyridine, triethylamine, or DBU. A method such as so-called chemical imidization using a dehydration condensing agent such as carbodiimide or triphenyl phosphite is preferably used.

In the present invention, the total concentration of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine compound in the polymerization reaction solution of the polyimide compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 70% by mass, more preferably 5 to 50% by mass. Is preferable, and more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.

Subsequently, the configuration of the gas separation membrane of the present invention will be described. The gas separation membrane of the present invention has a thin gas separation layer to ensure gas permeability and also realizes a desired gas separation selectivity. As a method for thinning the gas separation layer, there is a method in which the gas separation membrane is made into an asymmetric membrane by the phase separation method, and the portion contributing to the separation is made into a thin layer called a dense layer or a skin layer. In this asymmetric membrane, the portion other than the dense layer functions as a support layer that bears the mechanical strength of the membrane.
Further, the form of a composite membrane in which the gas separation layer responsible for the gas separation function and the support layer responsible for the mechanical strength are made of different materials, and the gas separation layer having the gas separation ability is formed as a thin layer on the gas permeable support layer. Is also known. Each form will be described below in order.

<Gas separation asymmetric membrane>
The gas separation asymmetric membrane can be formed by a phase conversion method using a solution containing a polyimide compound. The phase conversion method is a known method for forming a film while contacting a polymer solution with a coagulating liquid to perform a phase conversion, and the so-called dry-wet method is preferably used in the present invention. In the dry-wet method, the solution on the surface of the film-shaped polymer solution is evaporated to form a thin dense layer, and then the solution is immersed in a coagulating solution (compatible with the solvent of the polymer solution and the polymer is an insoluble solvent). A method of forming micropores to form a porous layer by utilizing the phase separation phenomenon that occurs at that time, which was proposed by Rob Thrillerjan et al. (For example, US Pat. No. 3,133,132). Is.

In the gas separation asymmetric membrane of the present invention, the thickness of the surface layer called a dense layer or a skin layer that contributes to gas separation is not particularly limited, but is 0.01 to 5.0 μm from the viewpoint of imparting practical gas permeability. It is preferably 0.05 to 1.0 μm, and more preferably 0.05 to 1.0 μm. On the other hand, the porous layer below the dense layer plays a role of imparting mechanical strength at the same time as lowering the resistance of gas permeability, and its thickness is particularly high as long as it is imparted with independence as an asymmetric membrane. Not limited. For example, it can be 5 to 500 μm, more preferably 5 to 200 μm, still more preferably 5 to 100 μm.

The gas separation asymmetric membrane of the present invention may be a flat membrane or a hollow fiber membrane. The asymmetric hollow fiber membrane can be produced by a dry-wet spinning method. The dry-wet spinning method is a method of producing an asymmetric hollow fiber membrane by applying the dry-wet spinning method to a polymer solution having a hollow fiber-like target shape by discharging it from a spinning nozzle. More specifically, after the polymer solution is discharged from the nozzle into a hollow thread-like target shape and passed through an air or nitrogen gas atmosphere immediately after the discharge, the polymer is substantially insoluble and compatible with the solvent of the polymer solution. It is a method of producing a separation membrane by immersing it in a coagulating solution having an asymmetric structure, then drying it, and then heat-treating it if necessary.

The solution viscosity of the solution containing the polyimide compound discharged from the nozzle is 2 to 17000 Pa · s, preferably 10 to 1500 Pa · s, particularly 20 to 1000 Pa · s at the discharge temperature (for example, 10 ° C.). It is preferable because the shape after ejection can be stably obtained. To immerse in the coagulating liquid, immerse it in the primary coagulating liquid to coagulate it to the extent that the shape of the film such as hollow filament can be maintained, then wind it up on a guide roll and then immerse it in the secondary coagulating liquid to sufficiently immerse the entire film. It is preferable to solidify to. It is efficient to dry the solidified membrane after replacing the coagulated liquid with a solvent such as a hydrocarbon. The heat treatment for drying is preferably carried out at a temperature lower than the softening point or the secondary transition point of the polyimide compound used.

<Gas separation composite membrane>
In the gas separation composite membrane, a gas separation layer containing a specific polyimide compound is formed on the upper side of the gas permeable support layer. In this composite membrane, a coating liquid (dope) forming the above gas separation layer is applied to at least the surface of a porous support (in the present specification, coating means to include an aspect of being adhered to the surface by immersion. It is preferable to form by.).
FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view schematically showing a gas separation composite membrane 10 which is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a gas separation layer, and 2 is a support layer made of a porous layer. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a gas separation composite membrane 20 which is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, in addition to the gas separation layer 1 and the porous layer 2, the non-woven fabric layer 3 is added as a support layer.
FIGS. 1 and 2 show an embodiment in which carbon dioxide is selectively permeated from a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and methane.

As used herein, the term "upper side of the support layer" means that another layer may intervene between the support layer and the gas separation layer. As for the upper and lower expressions, unless otherwise specified, the side to which the gas to be separated is supplied is referred to as "upper", and the side from which the separated gas is discharged is referred to as "lower".

The gas separation composite film of the present invention can be formed into a composite film by forming a gas separation layer on at least the surface of a porous support (support layer). The film thickness of the gas separation layer is preferably as thin as possible under the conditions of imparting high gas permeability while maintaining mechanical strength and separation selectivity.

In the gas separation composite membrane of the present invention, the thickness of the gas separation layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 5.0 μm, more preferably 0.05 to 2.0 μm.

The porous support preferably applied to the support layer is not particularly limited as long as it has the purpose of imparting mechanical strength and high gas permeability, and may be an organic or inorganic material. good. A porous film of an organic polymer is preferable, and the thickness thereof is preferably 1 to 3000 μm, more preferably 5 to 500 μm, and further preferably 5 to 150 μm. The pore structure of this porous membrane usually has an average pore diameter of 10 μm or less, preferably 0.5 μm or less, and more preferably 0.2 μm or less. The porosity is preferably 20 to 90%, more preferably 30 to 80%.
Here, the fact that the support layer has "gas permeability" means that carbon dioxide is supplied to the support layer (a film composed of only the support layer) at a temperature of 40 ° C. with the total pressure on the gas supply side set to 4 MPa. This means that the permeation rate of carbon dioxide is 1 × ^10-5 cm ³ (STP) / cm ² · sec · cmHg (10 GPU) or more. Further, the gas permeability of the support layer is such that the carbon dioxide permeation rate is 3 × ^10-5 cm ³ (STP) / when carbon dioxide is supplied at a temperature of 40 ° C. and the total pressure on the gas supply side is set to 4 MPa. It is preferably cm ² · sec · cm Hg (30 GPU) or more, more preferably 100 GPU or more, and even more preferably 200 GPU or more. Examples of the material of the porous film include conventionally known polymers such as polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene, cellulose acetate and polyurethane. Examples thereof include various resins such as polyacrylonitrile, polyphenylidene oxide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyimide, and polyaramide. The shape of the porous membrane can be any shape such as a flat plate shape, a spiral shape, a tubular shape, and a hollow thread shape.

In the gas separation composite membrane of the present invention, it is preferable that a support is formed in the lower part of the support layer on which the gas separation layer is formed in order to further impart mechanical strength. Examples of such a support include a woven fabric, a non-woven fabric, a net, and the like, and the non-woven fabric is preferably used from the viewpoint of film forming property and cost. As the non-woven fabric, fibers made of polyester, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene, polyamide or the like may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The non-woven fabric can be produced, for example, by making a main fiber and a binder fiber uniformly dispersed in water with a circular net, a long net, or the like, and drying the non-woven fabric with a dryer. Further, for the purpose of removing fluff and improving mechanical properties, it is also preferable to perform pressure heat processing by sandwiching the non-woven fabric between two rolls.

The method for producing a gas separation composite membrane itself is known, and for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-83296 can be referred to.

In the gas separation membrane of the present invention, the content of the polymer of the present invention in the gas separation layer is not particularly limited as long as the desired gas separation performance can be obtained. From the viewpoint of further improving the gas separation performance, the content of the polymer of the present invention in the gas separation layer is preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 40% by mass or more, and more preferably 60% by mass or more. It is preferably present, and more preferably 70% by mass or more. The content of the polymer of the present invention in the gas separation layer may be 100% by mass, but is usually 99% by mass or less.

(Other layers between the support layer and the gas separation layer)
In the gas separation composite membrane of the present invention, another layer may be present between the support layer and the gas separation layer. A preferred example of the other layer is a siloxane compound layer. By providing the siloxane compound layer, the unevenness on the outermost surface of the support can be smoothed, and the separation layer can be easily thinned. Examples of the siloxane compound forming the siloxane compound layer include those having a main chain made of polysiloxane and compounds having a siloxane structure and a non-siloxane structure in the main chain. As these siloxane compound layers, for example, those described in paragraphs [0103] to [0127] of JP-A-2015-160167 can be preferably applied.

(Protective layer above the gas separation layer)
The gas separation membrane may have a siloxane compound layer as a protective layer on the gas separation layer.
As the siloxane compound layer used as the protective layer, for example, those described in paragraphs [0125] to [0175] of International Publication No. 2017/002407 can be preferably applied.

The gas separation membrane of the present invention is preferably in the form of a gas separation composite membrane.

(Use of gas separation membrane)
The gas separation membrane (composite membrane and asymmetric membrane) of the present invention can be suitably used as a gas separation recovery method and a gas separation purification method. For example, hydrogen, helium, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, oxygen, nitrogen, ammonia, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons such as methane and ethane, unsaturated hydrocarbons such as propylene, tetrafluoroethane, etc. It is possible to obtain a gas separation membrane capable of efficiently separating a specific gas from a gas mixture containing a gas such as a perfluoro compound of the above. In particular, it is preferable to use a gas separation membrane that selectively separates carbon dioxide from a gas mixture containing carbon dioxide / hydrocarbon (methane).
The pressure at the time of gas separation using the gas separation membrane of the present invention is preferably 0.5 to 10 MPa, more preferably 1 to 10 MPa, still more preferably 2 to 7 MPa. The gas separation temperature is preferably −30 to 90 ° C, more preferably 15 to 70 ° C.

[Gas separation module, gas separation device]
A gas separation membrane module can be prepared using the gas separation membrane of the present invention. Examples of modules include spiral type, hollow fiber type, pleated type, tubular type, plate & frame type and the like.
Further, by using the gas separation membrane or the gas separation module of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a gas separation device having means for separating and recovering or purifying the gas.

[M-Phenylenediamine compound]
The m-phenylenediamine compound of the present invention is represented by the following formula (Ia-1).

式（Ｉａ－１）中、Ｒ^ａは水素原子、炭素数１～３のアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、炭素数１～３のアルコキシ基、又は炭素数１～３のアシルオキシ基を示す。
但し、式（Ｉａ－１）においてベンゼン環に結合する－Ｃ（Ｒ^ａ）_３の炭素数は１～４であり、１～３が好ましい。また、この－Ｃ（Ｒ^ａ）_３はトリフルオロメチルではない（３つのＲ^ａのすべてがフッ素原子となることはない）。
この－Ｃ（Ｒ^ａ）_３が全体として置換アルキル基の場合、この置換アルキル基における置換基としては、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、炭素数１～３のアルコキシ基、及び炭素数１～３のアシルオキシ基が挙げられ、ハロゲン原子が好ましい。
式（Ｉａ－１）中の－Ｃ（Ｒ^ａ）_３は無置換アルキル基が好ましく、無置換エチル又は無置換メチルがより好ましく、無置換メチルがさらに好ましい。
Ｒ^ａとして採り得るハロゲン原子は式（Ｉａ）のＲ^Ａとして採り得るハロゲン原子と同義であり、好ましい形態も同じである。

In the formula (Ia-1), Ra represents ^a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or an acyloxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
However, in the formula ( ^Ia -1), -C (Ra) ₃ bonded to the benzene ring has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Also, this -C ( ^Ra ) ₃ is not trifluoromethyl (not all three ^Ra are fluorine atoms).
When this —C (Ra) ₃ is ^a substituted alkyl group as a whole, the substituents in this substituted alkyl group include a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and an acyloxy having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Groups are mentioned, and halogen atoms are preferred.
—C (Ra) ₃ in the formula ( ^Ia -1) is preferably an unsubstituted alkyl group, more preferably an unsubstituted ethyl or an unsubstituted methyl, and even more preferably an unsubstituted methyl.
The halogen atom that can be taken as RA is synonymous with the halogen atom that can be taken as ^RA of the formula ( ^Ia ), and the preferred form is also the same.

RB and ^{RC in the formula (Ia-1) are synonymous with RB and RC in the formula} (Ia), respectively, and the preferred forms are also the same.

Specific examples of the m-phenylenediamine compound of the present invention are shown below.

The method for obtaining the m-phenylenediamine compound of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, refer to the preparation method described in Examples described later, and if appropriate, Chemistry Letters 1981, Vol. 10, No.12; Ange. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 3793-3798; Synthetic Communications, 22 (22), 3189-3195, 1992; Synthesis, (16), 2716-2726, 2004, etc., and expressed by the above formula (Ia-1). The m-phenylenediamine compound can be prepared.

The m-phenylenediamine compound of the present invention is suitable as a synthetic raw material for a polymer, and can impart desired properties to the obtained polymer. For example, the polymer obtained by using the m-phenylenediamine compound of the present invention as a synthetic raw material (monomer) can realize a low dielectric constant and can further enhance the transparency of the polymer. Although the reason for this is not clear, the fact that the constituent component derived from the m-phenylenediamine compound of the present invention incorporated in the polymer has a trifluoromethyl group at a specific site causes the polymer to have a low dielectric constant and transparency. The above-mentioned low dielectric constant is that it contributes to the improvement, and that the specific substituent of this component moderately suppresses the flatness or packing property of the polymer and creates appropriate voids in the polymer. It is considered that it works effectively to improve the transparency.
Therefore, the m-phenylenediamine compound of the present invention provides a constituent polymer such as a transparent heat-resistant resin, a low dielectric constant resin, a high-frequency-compatible material, and a moisture-proof coating material by using it as a synthetic raw material for various functional polymers. can do.
Further, by using the m-phenylenediamine compound of the present invention as a synthetic raw material, as described above, it is possible to provide a polymer suitable as a constituent material of the gas separation layer of the gas separation membrane.

A polyimide compound, a polyurethane compound, a polyurea compound, or a polyamide compound can be obtained by using the m-phenylenediamine compound of the present invention as a synthetic raw material.

The present invention will be described in more detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[Synthesis Example 1]
<Preparation of polyimide P-01>

According to the above scheme, diamine compounds were prepared as follows.
23.3 g of 4-methylbenzotrifluoride (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was placed in a three-necked flask and cooled in an ice bath. After adding 87 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid (1.84 g / cm ³ , manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 46.4 g of fuming nitric acid (1.52 g / cm ³ , manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was carefully added dropwise. .. After reacting at an internal temperature of 50 ° C. for 3 hours, the mixture was ice-cooled and carefully poured into ice. After carefully filtering the target product so as not to dry, it was washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate to obtain 45 g of a dinitro compound containing water.
45 g of this dinitro compound was dissolved in 400 mL of methanol and placed in a 1 L autoclave. After 7.3 g of palladium-activated carbon (Pd5%) (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added and the autoclave was sealed, about 5 MPa of hydrogen was charged and the mixture was reacted at 30 ° C. for 6 hours. Palladium-The activated carbon was carefully filtered to prevent it from drying out. After concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure, the obtained solid was recrystallized from ethyl acetate and hexane, and the obtained crystals were vacuum dried at 80 ° C. for 8 hours to obtain 18.6 g of the desired diamine compound. The yield from 4-methylbenzotrifluoride was 67%.

Polyimide P-01 was prepared as follows according to the above scheme.
13.7 g of the diamine compound prepared above, 1.2 g of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid (manufactured by Nippon Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 98 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were placed in a three-necked flask and placed under a nitrogen stream. And said. Under water cooling, 35.5 g (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.) of 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropyridene) diphthalic acid anhydride was added, and the mixture was washed with 35 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone. After stirring at 40 ° C. for 3 hours, 32 mL of toluene (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 170 ° C. for 6 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with 30 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone and 350 mL of acetone and transferred to a 5 L three-necked flask. Here, 2 L of methanol was added dropwise to precipitate the polyimide as a white powder. It was suction-filtered, washed with reslurry with methanol, and air-dried at 50 ° C. for 20 hours to obtain 40.3 g (yield 85%) of polyimide P-01. The weight average molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatography using tetrahydrofuran was 92000.

<Preparation of polyimides P-02 to P-11 and cP-01 to cP-03>
Polyimides P-02 to P-11 and cP-01 to cP-03 were obtained in the same manner as in the above <Preparation of Polyimide P-01> except that the raw material used was replaced with one that leads to the following structure. The weight average molecular weight of each polyimide was in the range of 30,000 to 200,000.

The structures of polyimides P-01 to P-11 and cP-01 to cP-03 are shown below. In the following structure, the numerical value attached to the structural unit is the molar ratio (%).

<Preparation of polyimides P-12 to P-19>
Polyimides P-12 to P-19 were obtained in the same manner as in the above <Preparation of Polyimide P-01> except that the raw material used was replaced with one that leads to the following structure. The weight average molecular weight of each polyimide was in the range of 30,000 to 200,000.

The structures of polyimides P-12 to P-19 are shown below. In the following structure, the numerical value attached to the structural unit is the molar ratio (%).

[Example 1] Preparation of gas separation membrane <Preparation of PAN porous membrane with smooth layer>
(Preparation of radiation-curable polymer having dialkylsiloxane group)
UV9300 (manufactured by Momentive) 39 g, X-22-162C (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) 10 g, DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] Undec-7-en) 0. 007 g was added and dissolved in 50 g of n-heptane. This was maintained at 95 ° C. for 168 hours to obtain a radiation-curable polymer solution having a poly (siloxane) group (viscosity 22.8 mPa · s at 25 ° C.).

(Preparation of polymerizable radiation curable composition)
5 g of the radiation curable polymer solution was cooled to 20 ° C. and diluted with 95 g of n-heptane. To the obtained solution, 0.5 g of UV9380C (manufactured by Momentive) and 0.1 g of Organix TA-10 (manufactured by Matsumoto Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.), which are photopolymerization initiators, are added to obtain a polymerizable radiation-curable composition. Prepared.

(Application of polymerizable radiation curable composition to a porous support, formation of a smooth layer)
After spin-coating the above-mentioned polymerizable radiation-curable composition using a PAN (polyacrylonitrile) porous film (the polyacrylonitrile porous film is present on the non-woven fabric, the film thickness is about 180 μm including the non-woven fabric) as a support, UV treatment (Light Hammer 10, D-valve manufactured by Fusion UV System, manufactured by Fusion UV System) was performed under UV treatment conditions with a UV intensity of 24 kW / m and a treatment time of 10 seconds, and then dried. In this way, a smooth layer having a dialkylsiloxane group and having a thickness of 1 μm was formed on the porous support.

<Preparation of gas separation membrane>
The gas separation composite membrane shown in FIG. 2 was prepared (the smooth layer is not shown in FIG. 2).
0.08 g of polyimide P-01 and 7.92 g of tetrahydrofuran are mixed in a 30 ml brown vial and stirred for 30 minutes, and then spin-coated on the PAN porous membrane provided with the smooth layer to form a gas separation layer. And a composite film was obtained. The thickness of the polyimide P-01 layer was about 100 nm, and the thickness of the PAN porous film was about 180 μm including the non-woven fabric.
The polyacrylonitrile porous membrane used had a molecular weight cut-off of 100,000 or less. The permeability of carbon dioxide of this porous membrane at 40 ° C. and 5 MPa was 25,000 GPU.

[Examples 2 to 19] Preparation of gas separation membrane In the preparation of the composite membrane in Example 1 above, the same as in Example 1 except that polyimide P-01 was changed to polyimide P-02 to P-19. , The gas separation membranes of Examples 2 to 19 were prepared respectively.

[Comparative Examples 1 to 3] Preparation of Gas Separation Membrane Comparative Example 1 in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polyimide P-01 was changed to polyimide cP-01 to cP-03 in Example 1 above. To 3 gas separation membranes were prepared.

[Test Example 1] Evaluation of CO ₂ permeation rate and gas separation selectivity of gas separation membrane-1
Using the gas separation membranes (composite membranes) of each of the above Examples and Comparative Examples, the gas separation performance was evaluated as follows.
The gas separation membrane was cut into a diameter of 47 mm together with the porous support (support layer) to prepare a permeation test sample. Using a gas permeation measuring device manufactured by GTR Tech Co., Ltd., a mixed gas of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ): methane (CH ₄ ) at 10:90 (volume ratio) is used, and the total pressure on the gas supply side is 5 MPa (CO ₂ ). Pressure: 0.3 MPa), flow rate 500 mL / min, adjusted to 45 ° C. and supplied. The permeated gas was analyzed by gas chromatography. The gas permeability of the membrane was determined by calculating the CO ₂ permeation rate as the gas permeability (Permeance). The unit of the gas permeation rate (gas permeation rate) was expressed in GPU (GPU) unit [1 GPU = 1 × 10 ^-6 cm ³ (STP) / ^cm2 · sec · cmHg]. The gas separation selectivity was calculated as the ratio of the CO ₂ permeation rate R _CO2 to the CH ₄ permeation rate R _CH4 of this film (R _CO2 / R _CH4 ).
The above CO ₂ permeation rate and gas separation selectivity were applied to the following evaluation criteria, and the performance of the gas separation membrane was evaluated.

<Evaluation criteria for CO ₂ permeation rate>
A: 120 GPU or more B: 105 GPU or more and less than 120 GPU C: 90 GPU or more and less than 105 GPU D: 75 GPU or more and less than 90 GPU E: 75 GPU or less

<Evaluation criteria for gas separation selectivity (R _CO2 / R _CH4 )>
A: 18 or more B: 14 or more and less than 18 C: 10 or more and less than 14 D: less than 10

[Test Example 2] Forced drying test The gas separation membranes (composite membranes) of each of the above Examples and Comparative Examples were left at 90 ° C. for 2 weeks to be dried. Using this dried gas separation membrane, the CO ₂ permeation rate was examined in the same manner as in Test Example 1. The evaluation criteria for the CO ₂ permeation rate are the same as in Test Example 1. By this test, the applicability to natural gas fields with few plasticizing components can be simulated.

The results of each of the above test examples are shown in Table 1 below.

As shown in Table 1 above, even if the diamine component of the polymer has a phenylene structure having perfluoromethyl as specified in the present invention, it has a specific substituent specified in the present invention. If not, the gas separation membrane having the gas separation layer composed of this polymer is inferior in gas permeation rate, and further, the gas permeation rate is further lowered by exposure to drying conditions (Comparative Example 1 and). 3). Further, when a long-chain perfluoroalkyl group was introduced in place of perfluoromethyl in the diamine component of the polymer, the gas separation selectivity was significantly inferior (Comparative Example 2).
On the other hand, the gas separation membrane using the polymer having the diamine component having the structure specified in the present invention for the gas separation layer was excellent in both the gas permeation rate and the gas separation selectivity. In addition, the gas permeation rate could be sufficiently maintained even when exposed to dry conditions (Examples 1 to 19).

[Synthesis Example 2]
<Preparation of polyamide PA-01>

Polyamide PA-01 was prepared as follows according to the above scheme.
4,4'-(Hexafluoroisopropyridene) bis (benzoic acid) dichloride 2.00 g (synthesized by a conventional method), diamine 1.02 g (synthesized in the same manner as above), N-methylpyrrolidone 20 g (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) (Made by Yakuhin Kogyo) and 1.20 g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 60 ° C. for 4 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the concentration was adjusted with 10 g of N-methylpyrrolidone and reprecipitated with methanol to obtain 2.4 g of the desired PA-01. The weight average molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatography using N-methylpyrrolidone was 30,000.

<Preparation of polyamide PA-02 and PA-03>
The following polyamides PA-02 and PA-03 were prepared in the same manner as in the above <Preparation of Polyamide PA-01> except that the raw materials used were replaced with those that lead to the following structure.

[Synthesis Example 3]
<Preparation of Polyurea PU-01>

According to the above scheme, polyurea PU-01 was prepared as follows.
2,2-Bis (4-isocyanatophenyl) hexafluoropropane 1.00 g (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry), diamine 0.56 g (synthesized in the same manner as above), N-methylpyrrolidone 10 g (Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) , Neostan U-600 (manufactured by Nitto Kasei) was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 70 ° C. for 6 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the concentration was adjusted with 10 g of N-methylpyrrolidone and reprecipitated with methanol to obtain 1.4 g of the desired PU-01. The weight average molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatography using N-methylpyrrolidone was 25,000.

[Synthesis Example 4]
<Preparation of m-phenylenediamine compound DA-1>

According to the above scheme, m-phenylenediamine compound DA-1 was prepared as follows.
4.5 g of 2,4-dimethylbenzotrifluoride (manufactured by Oakwood Products, Inc.) was placed in a three-necked flask and cooled in an ice bath. After adding 24 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid (1.84 g / cm3, manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 9.7 g of fuming nitric acid (1.52 g / cm3, manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was carefully added dropwise. After reacting at an internal temperature of 50 ° C. for 3 hours, the mixture was ice-cooled and carefully poured into ice. After carefully filtering the target product so as not to dry, it was washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate to obtain 10 g of a dinitro compound containing water.
10 g of this dinitro compound was dissolved in 200 mL of methanol and placed in a 0.5 L autoclave. 1.4 g of palladium-activated carbon (Pd5%) (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added, the autoclave was sealed, and then hydrogen of about 5 MPa was added and reacted at 35 ° C. for 7 hours. Palladium-The activated carbon was carefully filtered to prevent it from drying out. After concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure, the obtained solid was purified on a silica gel column using ethyl acetate and chloroform, and the obtained crystals were vacuum dried at 60 ° C. for 8 hours to obtain the desired m-phenylenediamine compound DA-1 (). 4.3 g of the compound on the right end of the above scheme) was obtained. The yield from 2,4-dimethylbenzotrifluoride was 82%.

The spectral data of the m-phenylenediamine compound DA-1 obtained above is shown below.
^{1 1} H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 6.51 (s, 1H), 3.72 (brs, 2H), 3.59 (brs, 2H), 2.16 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 3H), 2.02 (s 3H), ¹⁹ F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm -59.98 (s, 6F)

<Preparation of m-phenylenediamine compound DA-2>

According to the above scheme, m-phenylenediamine compound DA-2 was prepared as follows.
1.6 g of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzotrifluoride (manufactured by Oakwood Products, Inc.) was placed in a three-necked flask and cooled in an ice bath. After adding 7.5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid (1.84 g / cm3, manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 4.0 g of fuming nitric acid (1.52 g / cm3, manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was carefully added dropwise. .. After reacting at an internal temperature of 50 ° C. for 3 hours, the mixture was ice-cooled and carefully poured into ice. After carefully filtering the target product so as not to dry, it was washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate to obtain 4 g of a dinitro compound containing water.
4 g of this dinitro compound was dissolved in 80 mL of methanol and placed in a 0.2 L autoclave. 0.5 g of palladium-activated carbon (Pd5%) (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added, the autoclave was sealed, and then hydrogen of about 5 MPa was added, and the mixture was reacted at 30 ° C. for 6 hours. Palladium-The activated carbon was carefully filtered to prevent it from drying out. After concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure, the obtained solid was recrystallized from ethyl acetate and hexane, and the obtained crystals were vacuum dried at 80 ° C. for 8 hours to obtain the desired m-phenylenediamine compound DA-2 (above). 1.5 g of the compound on the right end of the scheme) was obtained. The yield from 2,4,6-trimethylbenzotrifluoride was 80%.

The spectral data of the m-phenylenediamine compound DA-2 obtained above is shown below.
^{1 1} H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 3.63 (brs, 4H), 2.21 (q, J = 2.7 Hz, 6H), 2.06 (s 3H), ¹⁹ F NMR (282 MHz, CDCl) ₃ ) δ ppm-51.00 (s, 6F)

<Preparation of m-phenylenediamine compound DA-3>

According to the above scheme, m-phenylenediamine compound DA-3 was prepared as follows.
25.0 g of 4-ethylbenzotrifluoride (manufactured by Manchester Organics Ltd.) was placed in a three-necked flask and cooled in an ice bath. After adding 250 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid (1.84 g / cm3, manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 55 g of fuming nitric acid (1.52 g / cm3, manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was carefully added dropwise. After reacting at an internal temperature of 40 ° C. for 5 hours, the mixture was ice-cooled and carefully poured into ice. After carefully filtering the target product so as not to dry, it was washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate to obtain 50 g of a dinitro compound containing water.
50 g of this dinitro compound was dissolved in 800 mL of methanol and placed in a 2 L autoclave. After adding 7.6 g of palladium-activated carbon (Pd5%) (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and sealing the autoclave, it was filled with about 5 MPa of hydrogen and reacted at 40 ° C. for 6 hours. Palladium-The activated carbon was carefully filtered to prevent it from drying out. After concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure, the obtained solid was purified on a silica gel column using ethyl acetate and chloroform, and the obtained crystals were vacuum dried at 60 ° C. for 8 hours to obtain the desired m-phenylenediamine compound DA-3 ( 24.0 g of the compound on the right end of the above scheme) was obtained. The yield from 4-ethylbenzotrifluoride was 82%.

The spectral data of the m-phenylenediamine compound DA-3 obtained above is shown below.
^{1 1} H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 6.39 (s, 2H), 3.72 (brs, 4H), 2.46 (q, J = 8 Hz, 4H), 1.16 (t, J = 8Hz, 3H), ¹⁹ F NMR (376MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm -63.03 (s, 6F)

1 Gas separation layer 2 Porous layer 3 Non-woven fabric layer 10, 20 Gas separation composite membrane

Claims (10)

A polymer having a component represented by the following formula (I), wherein the polymer is a polyimide compound or a polyamide compound, and the component represented by the formula (I) is a diamine-derived component. ..

In formula (I), ^RB is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, and ^RA and ^RC are a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. , Or a halogen atom. However, at least one of ^RA , ^RB and ^RC is an alkyl group or a halogen atom having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The above-mentioned alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is not trifluoromethyl. ** indicates the connection site. The polymer according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the ^RA , RB and ^RC is the above ^- mentioned alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The method for producing a polymer according to claim 1 or 2 , which comprises obtaining a polymer from an m-phenylenediamine compound represented by the following formula (Ia) as a raw material.

In formula (Ia), ^RA , ^RB , and ^RC are synonymous with ^RA , ^RB , and ^RC in formula (I), respectively. A gas separation membrane having a gas separation layer containing a polyimide compound having a constituent component represented by the following formula (I), and the constituent component represented by the above formula (I) being a diamine-derived component .

In formula (I), ^RA , ^RB and ^RC represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom. However, at least one of ^RA , ^RB and ^RC is an alkyl group or a halogen atom having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The above-mentioned alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is not trifluoromethyl. ** indicates the connection site. A gas separation membrane containing a polyimide compound having a structural unit represented by the following formula (II) as a polymer constituting the gas separation layer.

In formula (II), ^RA , ^RB and ^RC represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom. However, at least one of ^RA , ^RB and ^RC is an alkyl group or a halogen atom having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The above-mentioned alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is not trifluoromethyl.
R represents a group represented by any of the following formulas (I-1) to (I-28). Here, X ¹ to X ³ represent a single bond or a divalent linking group, L represents -CH = CH- or -CH _2- , R ¹ and R ² represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and * represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. II) Shows the binding site with the carbonyl group in.

The gas separation membrane according to claim 5 , wherein at least one of ^RA , RB, and ^RC is the above ^- mentioned alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The gas separation membrane according to any one of claims 4 to 6 , wherein the gas separation membrane is a gas separation composite membrane having the gas separation layer on the upper side of a gas permeable support layer. The gas separation membrane according to any one of claims 4 to 7 , which is used for selectively permeating carbon dioxide from a gas containing carbon dioxide and methane. A gas separation module having the gas separation membrane according to any one of claims 4 to 8 . A gas separation device having the gas separation membrane according to any one of claims 4 to 8 .

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