JP6988641B2 - Battery stack - Google Patents

Battery stack Download PDF

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JP6988641B2
JP6988641B2 JP2018063416A JP2018063416A JP6988641B2 JP 6988641 B2 JP6988641 B2 JP 6988641B2 JP 2018063416 A JP2018063416 A JP 2018063416A JP 2018063416 A JP2018063416 A JP 2018063416A JP 6988641 B2 JP6988641 B2 JP 6988641B2
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battery cell
heat
support portion
expansion portion
main surface
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JP2019175718A (en
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隆行 北條
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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Description

本開示は、電池スタックに関する。 The present disclosure relates to a battery stack.

ケースを介して電極体に荷重を加える加圧部材を備える二次電池に関する技術が、たとえば特開２０１６−００４７２４号公報（特許文献１）に開示されている。 A technique relating to a secondary battery including a pressurizing member that applies a load to an electrode body via a case is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-004724 (Patent Document 1).

特開２０１６−００４７２４号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-004724

上記特許文献１に開示される二次電池において、電池セルが発熱したとき、発熱した電池セルから加圧部材を介して、発熱した電池セルに隣接する電池セルへ熱が伝達されると、上記隣接する電池セルの性能が低下する可能性がある。 In the secondary battery disclosed in Patent Document 1, when the battery cell generates heat, the heat is transferred from the generated battery cell to the battery cell adjacent to the generated battery cell via the pressurizing member. The performance of adjacent battery cells may deteriorate.

本開示では、発熱した電池セルに隣接する電池セルへの熱伝達を抑制できる電池スタックが提供される。 The present disclosure provides a battery stack capable of suppressing heat transfer to a battery cell adjacent to a heat-generating battery cell.

本開示に係る電池スタックは、支持部と、膨張部と、電池セルとを備えている。膨張部は、支持部に支持されている。膨張部は、支持部よりも大きい熱膨張係数を有している。複数の電池セルは、支持部および膨張部を介して積層されている。複数の電池セルの積層方向に見て、膨張部の面積は、電池セルの面積の２５％以上６７％以下である。 The battery stack according to the present disclosure includes a support portion, an expansion portion, and a battery cell. The expansion portion is supported by the support portion. The expansion portion has a larger coefficient of thermal expansion than the support portion. A plurality of battery cells are stacked via a support portion and an expansion portion. The area of the expansion portion is 25% or more and 67% or less of the area of the battery cells when viewed in the stacking direction of the plurality of battery cells.

上記電池スタックによると、電池セルが発熱した際に膨張部が熱膨張することにより、発熱した電池セルと、その電池セルに隣接する電池セルとの距離が大きくなる。これにより、発熱した電池セルに隣接する電池セルへの熱伝達を抑制できる。 According to the battery stack, when the battery cell generates heat, the expansion portion thermally expands, so that the distance between the generated battery cell and the battery cell adjacent to the battery cell becomes large. As a result, heat transfer to the battery cell adjacent to the generated battery cell can be suppressed.

本開示に従えば、発熱した電池セルに隣接する電池セルへの熱伝達を抑制することができる。 According to the present disclosure, heat transfer to a battery cell adjacent to the generated battery cell can be suppressed.

実施の形態に従う電池スタックの概略正面図である。It is a schematic front view of the battery stack according to an embodiment. 実施の形態に従うスペーサおよび膨張部の概略側面図である。It is a schematic side view of a spacer and an expansion part according to an embodiment. 連鎖発熱試験の方法を示す概略図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the method of the chain heat generation test. 隣接電池セルの温度と膨張部の面積との関係を示すグラフを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the graph which shows the relationship between the temperature of an adjacent battery cell, and the area of an expansion part. 過充電試験の方法を示す概略図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the method of the overcharge test. 連鎖発熱試験および過充電試験の評価結果をまとめたグラフを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the graph which summarized the evaluation result of the chain heat generation test and the overcharge test.

以下、図面に基づいて、実施の形態における電池スタックについて説明する。以下に示す実施の形態において、同一または実質的に同一の構成については、同一の符号を付して、重複した説明は繰り返さない。 Hereinafter, the battery stack according to the embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. In the embodiments shown below, the same or substantially the same configuration will be designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate description will not be repeated.

（構成）
図１は、実施の形態に従う電池スタック１の概略正面図である。図２は、実施の形態に従うスペーサ１３および膨張部１１の概略側面図である。図１および図２を参照して電池スタック１について説明する。 (composition)
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the battery stack 1 according to the embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the spacer 13 and the expansion portion 11 according to the embodiment. The battery stack 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

電池スタック１は、ハイブリッド自動車に搭載されている。電池スタック１は、ガソリンエンジンやディーゼルエンジンなどの内燃機関とともに、ハイブリッド自動車の動力源とされている。別の例として、電池スタック１は、電気自動車または燃料電池自動車に搭載されている。 The battery stack 1 is mounted on a hybrid vehicle. The battery stack 1 is used as a power source for a hybrid vehicle together with an internal combustion engine such as a gasoline engine or a diesel engine. As another example, the battery stack 1 is mounted on an electric vehicle or a fuel cell vehicle.

電池スタック１は、複数の電池セル１０と、スペーサ１３とを備えている。隣り合う電池セル１０の間に、スペーサ１３が介在している。図１，２中に図示された両矢印は、積層方向ＤＲ１と、上下方向ＤＲ２と、奥行方向ＤＲ３とを示している。 The battery stack 1 includes a plurality of battery cells 10 and a spacer 13. A spacer 13 is interposed between adjacent battery cells 10. The double-headed arrows shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 indicate the stacking direction DR1, the vertical direction DR2, and the depth direction DR3.

積層方向ＤＲ１は、電池セル１０が積層されている方向であり、図１においては図中の左右方向である。上下方向ＤＲ２は、電池セル１０の高さ方向であり、積層方向ＤＲ１と直交している。上下方向ＤＲ２は、図１においては図中の上下方向である。奥行方向ＤＲ３は、積層方向ＤＲ１および上下方向ＤＲ２に直交する方向であり、図２においては図中の左右方向である。 The stacking direction DR1 is the direction in which the battery cells 10 are stacked, and is the left-right direction in FIG. 1. The vertical direction DR2 is the height direction of the battery cell 10, and is orthogonal to the stacking direction DR1. The vertical direction DR2 is the vertical direction in FIG. 1 in FIG. The depth direction DR3 is a direction orthogonal to the stacking direction DR1 and the vertical direction DR2, and is the left-right direction in the drawing in FIG.

電池セル１０は、第一側面１０ａおよび第二側面１０ｂを含んでいる。第一側面１０ａおよび第二側面１０ｂは、積層方向ＤＲ１に向いている。第一側面１０ａは、電池セル１０の一方の側面であり、第二側面１０ｂは、電池セル１０の他方の面である。 The battery cell 10 includes a first side surface 10a and a second side surface 10b. The first side surface 10a and the second side surface 10b are oriented in the stacking direction DR1. The first side surface 10a is one side surface of the battery cell 10, and the second side surface 10b is the other side surface of the battery cell 10.

スペーサ１３は、支持部１５、突出部１２、および膨張部１１を含んでいる。複数の電池セル１０は、支持部１５、突出部１２、および膨張部１１を介して、積層方向ＤＲ１に積層されている。 The spacer 13 includes a support portion 15, a protrusion portion 12, and an expansion portion 11. The plurality of battery cells 10 are laminated in the stacking direction DR1 via the support portion 15, the protrusion portion 12, and the expansion portion 11.

支持部１５は、積層方向ＤＲ１に厚みを有する板状の形状を有している。支持部１５は、第一主面１５ａおよび第二主面１５ｂを有している。第一主面１５ａは、支持部１５のうちの積層方向ＤＲ１に向く一方の面であり、第二主面１５ｂは、支持部１５のうちの積層方向ＤＲ１に向く他方の面である。第一主面１５ａおよび第二主面１５ｂは、平坦な平面である。 The support portion 15 has a plate-like shape having a thickness in the stacking direction DR1. The support portion 15 has a first main surface 15a and a second main surface 15b. The first main surface 15a is one of the support portions 15 facing the stacking direction DR1, and the second main surface 15b is the other surface of the support portions 15 facing the stacking direction DR1. The first main surface 15a and the second main surface 15b are flat flat surfaces.

突出部１２は、支持部１５の第一主面１５ａに設けられている。突出部１２は、支持部１５の第一主面１５ａから突出しており電池セル１０の第二側面１０ｂに向けて延びている。突出部１２の先端は、第二側面１０ｂと接触している。積層方向ＤＲ１における、突出部１２の先端から支持部１５の第二主面１５ｂまでの長さは、たとえば１．９[ｍｍ]である。突出部１２は、間隔を空けて上下方向ＤＲ２に並んで配置されている。突出部１２は、奥行方向ＤＲ３に沿って延びるリブ状の形状を有している。 The protrusion 12 is provided on the first main surface 15a of the support portion 15. The protruding portion 12 protrudes from the first main surface 15a of the support portion 15 and extends toward the second side surface 10b of the battery cell 10. The tip of the protrusion 12 is in contact with the second side surface 10b. The length from the tip of the protruding portion 12 to the second main surface 15b of the supporting portion 15 in the stacking direction DR1 is, for example, 1.9 [mm]. The protrusions 12 are arranged side by side in the vertical DR2 at intervals. The protrusion 12 has a rib-like shape extending along the depth direction DR3.

第二側面１０ｂ、突出部１２、および第一主面１５ａに囲われた領域には、冷却路１２ａが形成されている。図示しないファンから供給される空気が冷却路１２ａを通過することで、電池セル１０が冷却される。 A cooling passage 12a is formed in a region surrounded by the second side surface 10b, the protrusion 12, and the first main surface 15a. The battery cell 10 is cooled by the air supplied from a fan (not shown) passing through the cooling passage 12a.

膨張部１１は、支持部１５の第二主面１５ｂに支持されている。膨張部１１は、上下方向ＤＲ２における支持部１５の中央に配置されている。膨張部１１は、支持部１５の第二主面１５ｂから電池セル１０の第一側面１０ａに向かって突出している。膨張部１１は、板状の形状を有している。膨張部１１は、積層方向ＤＲ１に厚みを有している。膨張部１１の厚みは、たとえば１．５[ｍｍ]である。膨張部１１は、奥行方向ＤＲ３における電池セル１０の一方の端部から電池セル１０の他方の端部に亘って配置されている。膨張部１１は、突出面１１ａを有している。突出面１１ａは、第一側面１０ａと接触している。 The expansion portion 11 is supported by the second main surface 15b of the support portion 15. The expansion portion 11 is arranged at the center of the support portion 15 in the vertical DR2. The expansion portion 11 projects from the second main surface 15b of the support portion 15 toward the first side surface 10a of the battery cell 10. The expansion portion 11 has a plate-like shape. The expansion portion 11 has a thickness in the stacking direction DR1. The thickness of the expansion portion 11 is, for example, 1.5 [mm]. The expansion portion 11 is arranged from one end of the battery cell 10 in the depth direction DR3 to the other end of the battery cell 10. The expansion portion 11 has a protruding surface 11a. The protruding surface 11a is in contact with the first side surface 10a.

膨張部１１は、支持部１５よりも大きい熱膨張係数を有している。膨張部１１には、たとえば無機繊維、アラミド繊維、ゴム、および膨張性黒鉛等を混合した材料が用いられている。膨張部１１は、２００[℃]以上の温度において、積層方向ＤＲ１における厚みが元の厚みに対して２倍以上になる材料で構成されている。 The expansion portion 11 has a coefficient of thermal expansion larger than that of the support portion 15. For the expansion portion 11, for example, a material in which inorganic fibers, aramid fibers, rubber, expandable graphite, and the like are mixed is used. The expansion portion 11 is made of a material whose thickness in the stacking direction DR1 is at least twice the original thickness at a temperature of 200 [° C.] or higher.

膨張部１１が、第二主面１５ｂと第一側面１０ａとの間に配置されることにより、隙間１４が形成される。隙間１４は、上下方向ＤＲ２における膨張部１１の両側に形成されている。図示しないファンから供給される空気が隙間１４を通過することで、電池セル１０が冷却される。 The gap 14 is formed by arranging the expansion portion 11 between the second main surface 15b and the first side surface 10a. The gaps 14 are formed on both sides of the expansion portion 11 in the vertical DR2. The battery cell 10 is cooled by the air supplied from the fan (not shown) passing through the gap 14.

積層方向ＤＲ１に見て、膨張部１１の面積は、電池セル１０の面積の２５％以上６７％以下である。突出面１１ａの面積は、第二側面１０ｂの面積の２５％以上６７％以下である。以下、積層方向ＤＲ１に見た際の膨張部１１の面積を単に「膨張部１１の面積」、積層方向ＤＲ１に見た際の電池セル１０の面積を単に「電池セル１０の面積」と称する。 Seen in the stacking direction DR1, the area of the expansion portion 11 is 25% or more and 67% or less of the area of the battery cell 10. The area of the protruding surface 11a is 25% or more and 67% or less of the area of the second side surface 10b. Hereinafter, the area of the expansion portion 11 when viewed in the stacking direction DR1 is simply referred to as “the area of the expansion portion 11”, and the area of the battery cell 10 when viewed in the stacking direction DR1 is simply referred to as “the area of the battery cell 10”.

（作用効果）
図１に示す電池セル１０のうち、過剰に発熱した電池セル１０を発熱電池セル１０Ｃ、発熱電池セル１０Ｃの第一側面１０ａ側における隣の電池セル１０を第一電池セル１０Ｌ、発熱電池セル１０Ｃの第二側面１０ｂ側における隣の電池セル１０を第二電池セル１０Ｒと称して、作用効果について説明する。 (Action effect)
Among the battery cells 10 shown in FIG. 1, the excessively generated battery cell 10 is the heat-generating battery cell 10C, and the adjacent battery cell 10 on the first side surface 10a side of the heat-generating battery cell 10C is the first battery cell 10L and the heat-generating battery cell 10C. The adjacent battery cell 10 on the second side surface 10b side of the above is referred to as a second battery cell 10R, and the action and effect will be described.

まず、発熱電池セル１０Ｃから第一電池セル１０Ｌへの熱伝達について説明する。発熱電池セル１０Ｃから発せられた熱は、膨張部１１に伝達される。膨張部１１に熱伝達されることにより、膨張部１１が熱膨張し、膨張部１１の積層方向ＤＲ１における長さが大きくなる。これにより、支持部１５および突出部１２は、発熱電池セル１０Ｃから離れる方向に移動し第一電池セル１０Ｌを押圧する。突出部１２に押圧された第一電池セル１０Ｌは、発熱電池セル１０Ｃから離れる方向に移動する。発熱電池セル１０Ｃと第一電池セル１０Ｌとの距離が大きくなるので、発熱電池セル１０Ｃから第一電池セル１０Ｌへの熱伝達を抑制できる。 First, heat transfer from the heat generating battery cell 10C to the first battery cell 10L will be described. The heat generated from the heat generating battery cell 10C is transferred to the expansion unit 11. By heat transfer to the expansion portion 11, the expansion portion 11 thermally expands, and the length of the expansion portion 11 in the stacking direction DR1 increases. As a result, the support portion 15 and the protruding portion 12 move in a direction away from the heat generating battery cell 10C and press the first battery cell 10L. The first battery cell 10L pressed by the protrusion 12 moves in a direction away from the heat generating battery cell 10C. Since the distance between the heat-generating battery cell 10C and the first battery cell 10L is large, heat transfer from the heat-generating battery cell 10C to the first battery cell 10L can be suppressed.

次に、発熱電池セル１０Ｃから第二電池セル１０Ｒへの熱伝達について説明する。発熱電池セル１０Ｃから発せられた熱は、支持部１５および突出部１２を介して膨張部１１に伝達される。これにより、膨張部１１が熱膨張し、膨張部１１の積層方向ＤＲ１における長さが大きくなる。熱膨張した膨張部１１に押圧された第二電池セル１０Ｒは、発熱電池セル１０Ｃから離れる方向に移動する。発熱電池セル１０Ｃと第二電池セル１０Ｒとの距離が大きくなるので、発熱電池セル１０Ｃから第二電池セル１０Ｒへの熱伝達を抑制できる。 Next, heat transfer from the heat generating battery cell 10C to the second battery cell 10R will be described. The heat generated from the heat generating battery cell 10C is transferred to the expansion portion 11 via the support portion 15 and the protrusion portion 12. As a result, the expansion portion 11 thermally expands, and the length of the expansion portion 11 in the stacking direction DR1 increases. The second battery cell 10R pressed by the thermally expanded expansion portion 11 moves in a direction away from the heat generating battery cell 10C. Since the distance between the heat-generating battery cell 10C and the second battery cell 10R becomes large, heat transfer from the heat-generating battery cell 10C to the second battery cell 10R can be suppressed.

上記のように、発熱電池セル１０Ｃに隣接する電池セル１０への熱伝達を抑制することで、発熱電池セル１０Ｃの発熱による連鎖的な発熱を抑制することができる。 As described above, by suppressing heat transfer to the battery cell 10 adjacent to the heat generating battery cell 10C, it is possible to suppress chain heat generation due to heat generation of the heat generating battery cell 10C.

支持部１５と第一側面１０ａとの間には、隙間１４が形成されている。隙間１４から放熱されることにより、電池セル１０の第一側面１０ａと支持部１５との間に熱がこもりにくくなるので、電池セル１０の過剰な発熱を抑制できる。したがって、スペーサ１３が融点に達することを抑制することができる。 A gap 14 is formed between the support portion 15 and the first side surface 10a. By radiating heat from the gap 14, heat is less likely to be trapped between the first side surface 10a of the battery cell 10 and the support portion 15, so that excessive heat generation of the battery cell 10 can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the spacer 13 from reaching the melting point.

（その他）
支持部１５は板状の形状に限られず、たとえば、枠状に構成されていてもよい。支持部１５が膨張部１１を支持する態様は、膨張部１１を支持部１５の主面へ取り付ける態様に限られず、たとえば、枠状の支持部または凹部を有する支持部１５に膨張部１１をはめ込む態様であってもよい。 (others)
The support portion 15 is not limited to a plate shape, and may be configured in a frame shape, for example. The mode in which the support portion 15 supports the expansion portion 11 is not limited to the mode in which the expansion portion 11 is attached to the main surface of the support portion 15, and for example, the expansion portion 11 is fitted into the support portion 15 having a frame-shaped support portion or a recess. It may be an embodiment.

以下、実施例について説明する。積層方向に見た際の面積が異なる複数の膨張部を作製し、上記膨張部を用いて以下に示す試験を実施した。試験に用いた電池セルは、積層方向における寸法を２６．４[ｍｍ]、上下方向における寸法を９１[ｍｍ]、奥行方向における寸法を１４８[ｍｍ]とした（第一側面および第二側面の面積を１３４６８[ｍｍ２]とした）。電池セルの容量は、５０[Ａｈ]とした。電池セル内部の正極箔にはアルミニウムを使用し、その厚みは１２[μｍ]とした。電池セル内部の負極箔には銅を使用し、その厚みは１０[μｍ]とした。試験時の温度は、２５[℃]とした。電池セルの充電率（State Of Charge）は、１００％とした。 Hereinafter, examples will be described. A plurality of expansion portions having different areas when viewed in the stacking direction were prepared, and the tests shown below were carried out using the expansion portions. The battery cell used in the test had a dimension of 26.4 [mm] in the stacking direction, a dimension of 91 [mm] in the vertical direction, and a dimension of 148 [mm] in the depth direction (on the first side surface and the second side surface). The area was set to 13468 [mm 2 ]). The capacity of the battery cell was set to 50 [Ah]. Aluminum was used for the positive electrode foil inside the battery cell, and the thickness thereof was 12 [μm]. Copper was used for the negative electrode foil inside the battery cell, and the thickness thereof was set to 10 [μm]. The temperature at the time of the test was 25 [° C.]. The state of charge of the battery cell was set to 100%.

図３は、連鎖発熱試験の方法を示す概略図である。連鎖発熱試験では、直列に接続した７つの電池セルを積層させて電池スタックを形成し、電池セルのうちの１つを発熱させ、発熱した電池セル（発熱電池セル）に隣接する電池セル（隣接電池セル）の温度を評価した。電池セルの発熱方法として、所定の速度で徐々に釘を電池セルの内部に刺し込み、内部短絡を疑似的に発生させることにより電池セルを発熱させる方法を採用した。釘の径は３[ｍｍ]とし、釘の先端角度は３０[度]とした。釘の速度は１０[ｍｍ／ｓｅｃ]とした。 FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a method of a chain heat generation test. In the chain heat generation test, seven battery cells connected in series are stacked to form a battery stack, and one of the battery cells is heated to generate heat, and the battery cell adjacent to the heat-generating battery cell (heat-generating battery cell) (adjacent). The temperature of the battery cell) was evaluated. As a method of generating heat of the battery cell, a method of gradually inserting a nail into the inside of the battery cell at a predetermined speed to generate a pseudo internal short circuit to generate heat of the battery cell was adopted. The diameter of the nail was 3 [mm], and the tip angle of the nail was 30 [degrees]. The speed of the nail was 10 [mm / sec].

図４は、隣接電池セルの温度と膨張部の面積との関係を示すグラフを示す図である。図４中の横軸は膨張部の面積（単位：ｍｍ２）を、縦軸は隣接電池セルの温度（単位：℃）を示している。図４のグラフに示す実線は、連鎖発熱試験の評価結果に基づく近似曲線を示している。図４より、膨張部の面積が３４００[ｍｍ２]以上であれば、隣接電池セルが過剰に発熱せず、電池セルの発煙温度（電池セルが発煙し始める温度）である２５０[℃]に到達しないことがわかった。 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a graph showing the relationship between the temperature of the adjacent battery cell and the area of the expansion portion. In FIG. 4, the horizontal axis represents the area of the expansion portion (unit: mm 2 ), and the vertical axis represents the temperature of the adjacent battery cell (unit: ° C.). The solid line shown in the graph of FIG. 4 shows an approximate curve based on the evaluation result of the chain heat generation test. From FIG. 4, when the area of the expansion portion is 3400 [mm 2 ] or more, the adjacent battery cell does not generate excessive heat, and the temperature reaches 250 [° C.], which is the smoke generation temperature of the battery cell (the temperature at which the battery cell begins to smoke). It turned out not to reach.

膨張部１１の面積が、電池セル１０の面積の２５％（≒３４００[ｍｍ２]／１３４６８[ｍｍ２]）以上であることにより、支持部１５が膨張部１１に対して倒れ込むことを抑制できる。これにより、支持部１５と電池セル１０とが接触することによる熱伝達を抑制できる。したがって、発熱電池セルから隣接電池セルへの熱伝達を抑制できる。 Area of the expansion portion 11, by which 25% of the area of the battery cell 10 (≒ 3400 [mm 2] / 13468 [mm 2]) or more, can prevent the support part 15 collapses against expansion unit 11 .. As a result, heat transfer due to contact between the support portion 15 and the battery cell 10 can be suppressed. Therefore, heat transfer from the heat generating battery cell to the adjacent battery cell can be suppressed.

図５は、過充電試験の方法を示す概略図である。電池セルを両側からスペーサを介して拘束板で挟み込んで試験を実施した。電池セルの寸法、電極箔および容量、ならびに試験時の温度の条件は、連鎖発熱試験と同じとした。充電率１００％（満充電）の電池セルに対して、１[Ｃ]で充電した。充電を終了するタイミングは、電池セルの電圧が満充電時の電池セルの電圧の１．５倍に達した後か、６０分経過した後とした。 FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a method of an overcharge test. The test was carried out by sandwiching the battery cell from both sides with a restraint plate via a spacer. The battery cell dimensions, electrode foil and capacity, and temperature conditions during the test were the same as in the chain heat generation test. A battery cell having a charging rate of 100% (fully charged) was charged at 1 [C]. The timing for ending charging was set to be after the voltage of the battery cell reached 1.5 times the voltage of the battery cell at the time of full charge, or after 60 minutes had passed.

上記過充電試験の結果、膨張部の面積が電池セルの面積の６７％よりも大きい場合に、電池セルが過剰に発熱し発熱することがわかった。膨張部が断熱材として機能し、電池セルから十分に放熱されないためである。 As a result of the overcharge test, it was found that when the area of the expanded portion is larger than 67% of the area of the battery cell, the battery cell generates excessive heat and generates heat. This is because the expansion portion functions as a heat insulating material and does not sufficiently dissipate heat from the battery cell.

膨張部の面積を電池セルの面積の６７％以下とすることにより、電池セル１０と支持部１５との間に十分な大きさの隙間１４が形成され、電池セル１０の放熱性を確保することができる。したがって、電池セル１０の過剰な発熱を抑制することができる。 By setting the area of the expansion portion to 67% or less of the area of the battery cell, a gap 14 having a sufficient size is formed between the battery cell 10 and the support portion 15, and the heat dissipation of the battery cell 10 is ensured. Can be done. Therefore, excessive heat generation of the battery cell 10 can be suppressed.

図６は、連鎖発熱試験および過充電試験の評価結果をまとめたグラフを示す図である。図６中の横軸は電池セルの奥行方向における寸法（単位：ｍｍ）を、縦軸は電池セルの上下方向における寸法（単位：ｍｍ）を示している。 FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a graph summarizing the evaluation results of the chain heat generation test and the overcharge test. In FIG. 6, the horizontal axis shows the dimension (unit: mm) in the depth direction of the battery cell, and the vertical axis shows the dimension (unit: mm) in the vertical direction of the battery cell.

膨張部の面積が電池セルの面積の２５％よりも小さい場合（図６中の領域Ｘ）、連鎖発熱試験の評価結果が不可（隣接電池セルから発熱）となり、膨張部の面積が電池セルの面積の６７％よりも大きい場合（図６中の領域Ｙ）、過充電試験の評価結果が不可（電池セルから発熱）となった。 When the area of the expansion part is smaller than 25% of the area of the battery cell (region X in FIG. 6), the evaluation result of the chain heat generation test becomes impossible (heat generation from the adjacent battery cell), and the area of the expansion part is the battery cell. When it was larger than 67% of the area (region Y in FIG. 6), the evaluation result of the overcharge test was impossible (heat was generated from the battery cell).

膨張部１１の面積を電池セル１０の面積の２５％以上６７％以下（図６中の領域Ｚ）とすることにより、発熱電池セルの過剰な発熱を抑制した上で、発熱した電池セル１０に隣接する電池セル１０への熱伝達を抑制できることが示された。 By setting the area of the expansion portion 11 to 25% or more and 67% or less (region Z in FIG. 6) of the area of the battery cell 10, excessive heat generation of the heat-generating battery cell is suppressed, and then the heat-generating battery cell 10 is generated. It was shown that heat transfer to the adjacent battery cell 10 can be suppressed.

今回開示された実施の形態および実施例は全ての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は上記した説明ではなくて特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内での全ての変更が含まれることが意図される。 The embodiments and examples disclosed this time should be considered to be exemplary and not restrictive in all respects. The scope of the present invention is shown by the scope of claims rather than the above description, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of claims.

１ 電池スタック、１０ 電池セル、１０Ｃ 発熱電池セル、１０Ｌ 第一電池セル、１０Ｒ 第二電池セル、１０ａ 第一側面、１０ｂ 第二側面、１１ 膨張部、１１ａ 突出面、１２ 突出部、１２ａ 冷却路、１３ スペーサ、１４ 隙間、１５ 支持部、１５ａ 第一主面、１５ｂ 第二主面、ＤＲ１ 積層方向、ＤＲ２ 上下方向、ＤＲ３ 奥行方向。 1 battery stack, 10 battery cell, 10C heat generating battery cell, 10L first battery cell, 10R second battery cell, 10a first side surface, 10b second side surface, 11 expansion part, 11a protrusion surface, 12 protrusion part, 12a cooling path , 13 spacers, 14 gaps, 15 supports, 15a first main surface, 15b second main surface, DR1 stacking direction, DR2 vertical direction, DR3 depth direction.

Claims (1)

積層方向に積層された複数の電池セルと、
隣り合う前記電池セルの間に介在するスペーサとを備え、
前記スペーサは、前記積層方向に厚みを有する板状の形状を有する支持部を有し、
前記支持部は、前記積層方向に向く第一主面と第二主面とを有し、
前記スペーサはさらに、前記第一主面に設けられ前記第一主面から突出するリブ状の突出部を複数有し、
前記突出部は、間隔を空けて前記電池セルの高さ方向に並んで配置されており、
前記スペーサはさらに、前記第二主面に支持され、前記支持部よりも大きい熱膨張係数を有し、前記高さ方向における前記支持部の中央に配置された、板状の膨張部を有し、
前記膨張部は、２００℃以上の温度において前記積層方向における厚みが元の厚みに対して２倍以上になる材料で構成されており、
前記膨張部が前記支持部と隣の前記電池セルとの間に配置されることにより、前記高さ方向における前記膨張部の両側に隙間が形成され、
前記積層方向に見て、前記膨張部の面積は、前記電池セルの面積の２５％以上６７％以下である、電池スタック。 Multiple battery cells stacked in the stacking direction,
It is provided with a spacer interposed between the adjacent battery cells.
The spacer has a support portion having a plate-like shape having a thickness in the stacking direction,
The support portion has a first main surface and a second main surface facing in the stacking direction.
The spacer further has a plurality of rib-shaped protrusions provided on the first main surface and projecting from the first main surface.
The protrusions are arranged side by side in the height direction of the battery cell at intervals.
The spacer is further supported by the second main surface the has a larger thermal expansion coefficient than the support portion, wherein arranged in the center of the support portion in the height direction, has a plate-like expansion portion ,
The expanded portion is made of a material whose thickness in the laminating direction is at least twice the original thickness at a temperature of 200 ° C. or higher.
By arranging the expansion portion between the support portion and the adjacent battery cell, gaps are formed on both sides of the expansion portion in the height direction.
Before looking at the miracle layer direction, the area of the expansion portion is less 67% 25% or more of the area of the battery cell, the battery stack.
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