JP6986084B2 - 8−メチルノナン酸の微生物生成方法 - Google Patents
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Description
本出願は、2016年12月22日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/437,792号の優先権を主張し、その内容は、参照によりそれらの全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
「スパイシーさ」又は刺激性は、カプサイシノイドと呼ばれるアルカロイドを生成するCapsicum属における唐辛子特有の特徴である。本質的に、カプサイシノイドは、哺乳動物がそれらの果実を消費すること、及び種子を破壊することを抑止するために、植物中に存在する。ヒトは、一過性受容体潜在性チャネル(又はイオンチャネルの「TRP」ファミリーの)メンバーに構造的に関連する受容体を介してカプサイシノイドを感知することができる。感覚ニューロンにおいて重要である他の受容体と同様に、カプサイシノイド受容体(「TRPV1」、バニロイドTRP、バニロイド1受容体、又はTRPV1とも呼ばれる)は、カプサイシンに対する感度を可逆的に失うことにより、カプサイシン及びピペリンと関連付けられる刺激性の臭気及び痛み/辛味感覚、並びに同じ刺激への長期的曝露下において他の痛み及び辛味刺激を媒介する(Caterina et al.,1997)。この現象は、長時間にわたる曝露の後に痛みセンサがオフにされ得るため、人が辛い食品に堪え、更には楽しむことができる理由を部分的に説明し得る。
1.alsS、ilvC、ilvD、及びbkd遺伝子を使用してデノボのため(Jiangら)、
2.ACS(AAE)経路を使用して(Zhangら)、並びに
3.PCT経路を使用して(McMahon MDら)
本明細書において使用される用語の説明:
カプサイシン又はCPは、無色の刺激性フェノール性アミドC18H27NO3であり、唐辛子にその辛味又は刺激性を与え、かつ食品、医薬品、及び安全性用途に使用される、様々なCapsicum種及びそれらのハイブリッドにおいて見出される一連のフェノール性アミドの一種であるである。純粋なCPは、揮発性、疎水性、無色、無臭、結晶性〜ロウ状の化合物である。
AAE、アシル活性化酵素
PCT、プロピオン酸/イソ酪酸−CoAトランスフェラーゼ
TE、アシル−ACPチオエステラーゼ
Pal、フェニルアラニンアンモニアリアーゼ;
Ca4H、ケイ皮酸4−ヒドロキシラーゼ;
4CL、4−クマル酸CoAリガーゼ;
HCT、ヒドロキシシンナモイルトランスフェラーゼ;
C3H、クマロイルシキミ酸/キナ酸3−ヒドロキシラーゼ;
COMT、カフェイン酸O−メチルトランスフェラーゼ;pAMT、アミノトランスフェラーゼ;
BCAT、分岐鎖アミノ酸トランスフェラーゼ、
KAS、3−ケト−アシルACPシンターゼ;
ACL、アシルキャリアタンパク質;
FatA、アシル−ACPチオエステラーゼ;
ACS、アシル−CoAシンターゼ;及び
CS、カプサイシン合成酵素。
遺伝子操作された微生物は、再生可能な供給源からの薬物、化学物質、及びバイオ燃料の生成のための益々重要なプラットフォームとなってきている(Du et al.,2011)。これらのバイオ技術製品は、食品において使用される場合、現在の規制に従って食品セクターにおいて「天然」と標示され得る(Hausler and Munch,1997)。
核酸ハイブリダイゼーションは、DNA操作の当業者に周知の技法である。核酸の所与の対のハイブリダイゼーション特性は、それらの類似性又は同一性の指標である。
本明細書において使用される場合、「配列同一性」とは、2つの最適に整列したポリヌクレオチド又はペプチド配列が、成分、例えばヌクレオチド又はアミノ酸の整列のウィンドウ全体にわたり不変である程度を指す。試験配列及び参照配列の整列セグメントの「同一性割合」は、2つの整列した配列により共有される同一成分の数を、参照配列セグメント、すなわち参照配列全体又は参照配列のより小さい所定の部分における成分の総数で除した値である。
同一性は、配列の整列(配列情報若しくは構造情報のみ、又はいくつかの他の情報を使用して行うことができるが、通常は配列情報のみに基づく)後に配列の対の間で同じであるアミノ酸の割合であり、類似性は、いくつかの類似性マトリックスを使用した整合に基づいて割り当てられたスコアである。類似性指数は、タンパク質の配列整列のために当業者により使用される以下のBLOSUM62、PAM250、若しくはGONNET、又は任意のマトリックスのうちのいずれか1つであり得る。
異なる経路のクローニング及び特徴付け
以前に、様々なカプサイシノイドが脂肪酸及びバニリルアミン/バニリンの供給後に生成され得る、E.coli発酵プラットフォームが開発された(Chen et al.2015)。ノニバミドの生成もまた、この系によって実証された。本開示では、この系を使用して、3つのCapsicumアシル−ACPチオエステラーゼを完全に配列し、特徴付け、それにより8M生合成におけるそれらの役割を解明した。E.coliにおけるそれらの発現を促進するために、一過性ペプチドのない成熟タンパク質をコードするヌクレオチド配列を、E.coliゲノムに対してコドン最適化し、GenScript(Piscataway,NJ)によって合成した。合成された遺伝子をpCDFDuet−1ベクター(Spect+)にクローニングし、インビトロ及びインビボ研究の両方に対してBL21(DE3)に形質転換した。
上記のように、8Mを生成するために、出願者らは、最初に、イソブチリル−CoAを作製する3つの方法、即ち、デノボ、ACS(AAE)、又はPCT経路を使用した。次いで、イソブチリル−CoAを、例えば、E.coliなどの微生物宿主の脂肪酸伸長サイクルに入るためにKAS IIIa又はKAS IIIbによって使用した。3回の伸長後、8MをFatB又はFatB2によって放出した。pRSFDuet−1を使用してKAS IIIa又はKAS IIIbを発現させ、pCDFDuet−1を使用してFatB又はFatB2を発現させ、pETDuet−1を使用してACS(AAE)又はPCTを発現させ、pACYCDuetを使用してilvC及びilvDを発現させ、pETDuetを使用してbkdを発現させ、pRSFDuet−1を使用してalsS及びKAS IIIaを発現させた。(配列番号1〜9を参照)。BL21star(DE3)において形質転換された培養物をIPTGによって誘発した。ACS又はPCT経路を8M生成のために利用した場合、1g/Lのイソ酪酸を培養物に供給した。脂肪酸をエチルアセテートで抽出し、メタノール中2.5%硫酸でメチル化した。脂肪酸のメチルエステルをヘキサンで抽出し、GC/MSによって分析した。
GC/MSを使用して、メチル化後に脂肪酸組成物を分析した。GCMS−QP2010S検出器を有し、分析カラムがSHRXI−5MS(厚さ0.25μm、長さ30m、直径0.25mm)であるShimadzu GC−2010システムで、注入温度265℃においてGC/MS分析を実施した。注入モードを分割し、炉内温度50℃、温度勾配:0〜4分50℃、4〜7.3分50℃〜100℃、15の勾配、7.3〜15.3分、100℃〜260℃、20の勾配であった。発酵生成物中の8M化合物の同一性及び存在を、その保持時間及び質量スペクトルをCayman Chemical(Ann Arbor,MI)から購入した8M標準のものと比較することによって確認した。それらは、同一であった。
図5に示されるように、培養系は、約1mg/Lの力価を有していた。8Mを生成するために、ACS又はPCT、KASIIIa又はKASIIIb、及びFatB又はFatB2を過剰発現させるE.Coli BL21(DE3)株のグリセロールストックからの培養物を、LB(AMP+Kan+Spect+)プレートに画線し、37℃で一晩インキュベートした。単一コロニーを採取して5mLのLB(AMP+Kan+Spect+)液体培地に接種し、培養物を37℃において一晩250rpmで振盪した。20mLのLB(AMP+Kan+Spect+)液体培地に2%の一晩培養物を接種し、OD600が0.6に達するまで(通常3時間)、培養物を37℃において250rpmで振盪した。次いで、培養物を30℃まで冷却し、1mMのIPTGを添加してタンパク質発現を誘発した。3時間後、1g/Lのイソ酪酸を添加し、8M分析のために試料を採取した。
本開示は、食品、医薬、及び薬理学的産業における利用可能性を有する。本開示は、一般に、改変微生物株を介した8−メチルノナン酸の生合成生成のための方法に関する。
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Claims (15)
- 8−メチルノナン酸(8-methyl nonanoic acid、8M)を生成するための生合成方法であって、
a)形質転換細胞系において(i)KASIIIa遺伝子またはKASIIIb遺伝子、及び(ii)アシル−アシルキャリアタンパク質(ACP)チオエステラーゼをコードする遺伝子を発現させることと、
b)前記形質転換細胞系において、KASIIIaまたはKASIIIbのための基質として、イソブチリル−CoAを提供することと、および
c)8−メチルノナン酸を生成することと、を含み、
ここで、前記KasIIIa遺伝子は、配列番号6と少なくとも90%同一である核酸配列を含み、前記KASIIIb遺伝子は、配列番号7と少なくとも90%同一である核酸配列を含む、生合成方法。 - 前記アシル−ACPチオエステラーゼ遺伝子が、Capsicum属の植物のFATBおよびFATB2から選択される脂肪酸アシル−ACPチオエステラーゼBをコードする、請求項1に記載の生合成方法。
- FATB2が、前記形質転換細胞系において、配列番号5と少なくとも90%同一である核酸配列によってコードされる、請求項2に記載の生合成方法。
- FATBが、前記形質転換細胞系において、配列番号4と少なくとも90%同一である核酸配列によってコードされる、請求項2に記載の生合成方法。
- 前記形質転換細胞系が、酵母、非カプサイシノイド生成植物、藻類、及び細菌から選択される、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の生合成方法。
- 前記形質転換細胞系が、E.Coliである、請求項5に記載の生合成方法。
- 前記8Mを、70%超の純度に精製することをさらに含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の生合成方法。
- 前記形質転換細胞系においてイソ酪酸を提供し、アシル−CoAシンセターゼ(ACS)遺伝子を共発現させることによって、前記形質転換細胞系においてイソブチリル−CoAを提供する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の生合成方法であって、
ここで、前記ACS遺伝子は、イソ酪酸をイソブチリル−CoAに変換するイソブチリル−CoAシンセターゼをコードする、方法。 - 前記ACS遺伝子が、配列番号8と少なくとも90%同一である核酸配列を含むCCL4遺伝子である、請求項8に記載の生合成方法。
- 前記形質転換細胞系においてイソ酪酸およびアセチル−CoAを提供し、プロピオネートCoA−トランスフェラーゼ(PCT)遺伝子を共発現させることによって、前記形質転換細胞系においてイソブチリル−CoAを提供し、それによって、プロピオネートCoA−トランスフェラーゼが、イソ酪酸およびアセチル−CoAをイソブチリル−CoAおよびアセテートに変換する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の生合成方法。
- 前記PCT遺伝子が、配列番号9と少なくとも90%同一である核酸配列を含む、請求項10に記載の生合成方法。
- 前記形質転換細胞系においてグルコースを提供し、alsS、ilvC、ilvDおよびbkd遺伝子を共発現させることによって、前記形質転換細胞系においてイソブチリル−CoAを提供する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の生合成方法。
- 前記形質転換細胞系が、E.Coliである、請求項12に記載の生合成方法。
- カプサイシンを生成するための8Mの使用をさらに含む、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の生合成方法。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の生合成方法の実施において使用するための、(i)KASIIIa遺伝子またはKASIIIb遺伝子、及び(ii)アシル−ACPチオエステラーゼをコードする遺伝子を発現することができる、形質転換細胞系であって、
ここで、前記KasIIIa遺伝子は、配列番号6と少なくとも90%同一である核酸配列を含み、前記KASIIIb遺伝子は、配列番号7と少なくとも90%同一である核酸配列を含む、形質転換細胞系。
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