JP6982443B2 - Fuel cell system, fuel cell system instruction device, and fuel cell system instruction method - Google Patents

Fuel cell system, fuel cell system instruction device, and fuel cell system instruction method Download PDF

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JP6982443B2
JP6982443B2 JP2017179457A JP2017179457A JP6982443B2 JP 6982443 B2 JP6982443 B2 JP 6982443B2 JP 2017179457 A JP2017179457 A JP 2017179457A JP 2017179457 A JP2017179457 A JP 2017179457A JP 6982443 B2 JP6982443 B2 JP 6982443B2
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fuel cells
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JP2019057362A (en
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啓太 友道
悦朗 坂田
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Toshiba Corp
Toshiba Energy Systems and Solutions Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Description

本発明の実施形態は、燃料電池システム、燃料電池システムの指示装置、及び燃料電池システムの指示方法に関する。 Embodiments of the present invention relate to a fuel cell system, a fuel cell system instruction device, and a fuel cell system instruction method.

燃料ガスの有している化学エネルギーを直接電気に変換するシステムとして、燃料電池発電システムが知られている。この燃料電池発電システムは、燃料である水素と酸化剤である酸素とを電気化学的に反応させて、直接電気を取り出すものであり、高い発電効率で電気エネルギーを取り出すことが可能である。この燃料電池システムの中には、複数の燃料電池を連結して発電させる燃料電池システムが知られている。 A fuel cell power generation system is known as a system that directly converts the chemical energy of a fuel gas into electricity. In this fuel cell power generation system, hydrogen as a fuel and oxygen as an oxidant are electrochemically reacted to directly extract electricity, and it is possible to extract electric energy with high power generation efficiency. Among these fuel cell systems, a fuel cell system that connects a plurality of fuel cells to generate electricity is known.

ところが、このような複数の燃料電池を連結して発電させる燃料電池システムでは、複数の燃料電池それぞれの発電電力が同等となるように一般に運転させている。このため、燃料電池システム全体の発電効率が低下してしまう恐れがある。 However, in such a fuel cell system in which a plurality of fuel cells are connected to generate electricity, the fuel cells are generally operated so that the generated power of each of the plurality of fuel cells is equal. Therefore, there is a risk that the power generation efficiency of the entire fuel cell system will decrease.

特開昭６０−３７６７３号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 60-37673

本発明が解決しようとする課題は、複数の燃料電池により発電させても、発電効率の低下を抑制可能な燃料電池システム、燃料電池システムの指示装置、及び燃料電池システムの指示方法を提供する。 An object to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system, a fuel cell system instruction device, and a fuel cell system instruction method capable of suppressing a decrease in power generation efficiency even when power is generated by a plurality of fuel cells.

本実施形態に係る燃料電池システムは、複数の燃料電池と、指示装置と、を備える。複数の燃料電池は、水素を用いて電力を発生し、特定の負荷時に発電効率が最大である。指示装置は、複数の燃料電池それぞれの発電指示量を指示する。指示装置は、電力取得部と、発電電力決定部と、指示部と、を有する。電力取得部は、複数の燃料電池が発電すべき総発電電力を取得する。発電電力決定部は、複数の燃料電池それぞれの発電効率の情報と、総発電電力とに基づき、複数の燃料電池それぞれに対する発電指示量を決定する。指示部は、複数の燃料電池それぞれに発電指示量を指示する。 The fuel cell system according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of fuel cells and an instruction device. Multiple fuel cells use hydrogen to generate electricity and have the highest power generation efficiency at a particular load. The instruction device instructs the power generation instruction amount of each of the plurality of fuel cells. The instruction device has a power acquisition unit, a generated power determination unit, and an instruction unit. The power acquisition unit acquires the total generated power to be generated by a plurality of fuel cells. The power generation power determination unit determines the power generation instruction amount for each of the plurality of fuel cells based on the information on the power generation efficiency of each of the plurality of fuel cells and the total power generation power. The instruction unit instructs each of the plurality of fuel cells to generate power.

本発明の効果は、複数の燃料電池により発電させても、発電効率の低下を抑制することができる。 The effect of the present invention is that even if power is generated by a plurality of fuel cells, it is possible to suppress a decrease in power generation efficiency.

第１実施形態に係る燃料電池システムの概略的な全体構成を示す図。The figure which shows the schematic whole structure of the fuel cell system which concerns on 1st Embodiment. 燃料電池の詳細な構成を示すブロック図。A block diagram showing a detailed configuration of a fuel cell. 指示装置の構成を示すブロック図。The block diagram which shows the structure of an instruction device. 燃料電池の発電効率の情報及び排熱回収効率の情報の一例を示す図。The figure which shows an example of the information of the power generation efficiency of a fuel cell and the information of the waste heat recovery efficiency. 燃料電池システムの発電処理の一例を示すフローチャート。A flowchart showing an example of power generation processing of a fuel cell system. ステップＳ１１０の処理内容を説明するフローチャート。The flowchart explaining the processing content of step S110. 図５及び図６のフローチャートにしたがい電指示量を決定した場合の発電効率の例を示す図。The figure which shows the example of the power generation efficiency at the time of determining the electric power instruction amount according to the flowchart of FIGS. 5 and 6. 第２実施形態に係る指示装置のブロック図。The block diagram of the instruction device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. 第２実施形態に係る電力決定部及び評価部の処理例を示すフローチャート。The flowchart which shows the processing example of the electric power determination part and the evaluation part which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. 第３実施形態に係る指示装置のブロック図。The block diagram of the instruction apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. 第３実施形態に係る電力決定部及びモード選択部の処理例を示すフローチャート。The flowchart which shows the processing example of the power determination part and the mode selection part which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. 排熱回収効率モードにより燃料電池それぞれの発電量を決定した場合の発電効率及び排熱回収効率の例を示す図。The figure which shows the example of the power generation efficiency and the waste heat recovery efficiency when the power generation amount of each fuel cell is determined by the waste heat recovery efficiency mode.

以下、本発明の実施形態に係る距離計測装置について、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。なお、以下に示す実施形態は、本発明の実施形態の一例であって、本発明はこれらの実施形態に限定して解釈されるものではない。また、本実施形態で参照する図面において、同一部分又は同様な機能を有する部分には同一の符号又は類似の符号を付し、その繰り返しの説明は省略する場合がある。また、図面の寸法比率は説明の都合上実際の比率とは異なる場合や、構成の一部が図面から省略される場合がある。 Hereinafter, the distance measuring device according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The embodiments shown below are examples of the embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Further, in the drawings referred to in the present embodiment, the same parts or parts having similar functions may be designated by the same reference numerals or similar reference numerals, and the repeated description thereof may be omitted. Further, the dimensional ratio of the drawing may differ from the actual ratio for convenience of explanation, or a part of the configuration may be omitted from the drawing.

（第１実施形態）
図１は、第１実施形態に係る燃料電池システム１の概略的な全体構成を示す図である。この図１に示すように燃料電池システム１は、複数の燃料電池により発電行い、排熱回収が可能なシステムである。より具体的には、この燃料電池システム１は、複数の燃料電池１０と、指示装置２０と、操作装置２２と、熱交換器３０と、循環水管３２と、を備えて構成されている。 (First Embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic overall configuration of the fuel cell system 1 according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the fuel cell system 1 is a system capable of generating electricity from a plurality of fuel cells and recovering exhaust heat. More specifically, the fuel cell system 1 includes a plurality of fuel cells 10, an indicator device 20, an operating device 22, a heat exchanger 30, and a circulating water pipe 32.

燃料電池１０は、水素を用いて電力を発生し、部分負荷時に発電効率が最大となる燃料電池である。この燃料電池１０は、熱回収水管１０２と、を有している。熱回収水管１０２は、循環水管３２に接続され、内部を流れる水により、燃料電池１０の発電により発生した排熱を回収する水管である。 The fuel cell 10 is a fuel cell that uses hydrogen to generate electric power and maximizes power generation efficiency at the time of partial load. The fuel cell 10 has a heat recovery water pipe 102. The heat recovery water pipe 102 is a water pipe connected to the circulating water pipe 32 and recovers the waste heat generated by the power generation of the fuel cell 10 by the water flowing inside.

指示装置２０は、複数の燃料電池１０それぞれの発電量を指示する。燃料電池１０及び指示装置２０の詳細な構成は後述する。操作装置２２は、例えばパーソナルコンピュータであり、燃料電池１０の発電効率の情報及び排熱回収効率の情報などを保存するとともに、例えば、発電効率の情報及び排熱回収効率の情報、総発電量の情報、モードの選択情報などを指示装置２０に供給する。 The instruction device 20 instructs the amount of power generation of each of the plurality of fuel cells 10. The detailed configuration of the fuel cell 10 and the indicator device 20 will be described later. The operating device 22 is, for example, a personal computer, and stores information on the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 10 and information on the exhaust heat recovery efficiency, and at the same time, for example, information on the power generation efficiency, information on the exhaust heat recovery efficiency, and the total power generation amount. Information, mode selection information, and the like are supplied to the instruction device 20.

熱交換器３０は、複数の燃料電池１０から回収した排熱を熱交換により放出する。循環水管３２は、熱交換器３０に接続されその内部を流れる水を熱交換器３０に供給する。ポンプ３４は、循環水管３２に設けられ、循環水管３２の内部の水を循環させる。 The heat exchanger 30 releases the waste heat recovered from the plurality of fuel cells 10 by heat exchange. The circulating water pipe 32 is connected to the heat exchanger 30 and supplies the water flowing inside the heat exchanger 30 to the heat exchanger 30. The pump 34 is provided in the circulating water pipe 32 and circulates the water inside the circulating water pipe 32.

図２は、燃料電池１０の詳細な構成を示すブロック図である。図１と同等の構成には同一の番号を付して説明を省略する。 FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the fuel cell 10. The same number is assigned to the configuration equivalent to that of FIG. 1, and the description thereof will be omitted.

この図２に示すように、この燃料電池１０は、例えば固体高分子形燃料電池（ＰＥＦＣ：Ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒ Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｅ Ｆｕｅｌ Ｃｅｌｌ）であり、熱回収水管１０２と、調整弁１０４と、燃料供給配管１０６と、燃料排出配管１０８と、大気供給配管１１０と、大気排出配管１１２と、燃料電池スタック１１４と、熱回収部１１６と、インバータ１１８と、制御部１２０とを備えて構成されている。 As shown in FIG. 2, the fuel cell 10 is, for example, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), and has a heat recovery water pipe 102, a regulating valve 104, a fuel supply pipe 106, and a fuel. It includes a discharge pipe 108, an air supply pipe 110, an air discharge pipe 112, a fuel cell stack 114, a heat recovery unit 116, an inverter 118, and a control unit 120.

燃料供給配管１０６は、燃料電池スタック１１４の吸気口に接続されている。この燃料供給配管１０６は、水素ガスを燃料電池スタック１１４のアノード１１４Ａに供給する管である。燃料排出配管１０８は、燃料電池スタック１１４のアノード１１４Ａの排出口に接続されている。この燃料排出配管１０８は、燃料電池スタック１１４のアノード１１４Ａから排出されたガスを排出する。大気供給配管１１０は、燃料電池スタック１１４のカソード１１４Ｂの吸気口に接続され、大気中の酸素ガスをカソード１１４Ｂに供給する。大気排出配管１１２は、燃料電池スタック１１４のカソード１１４Ｂの排出口に接続されている。これにより、カソード１１４Ｂから排出されたガスは、燃料電池１０の外部に排出される。 The fuel supply pipe 106 is connected to the intake port of the fuel cell stack 114. The fuel supply pipe 106 is a pipe that supplies hydrogen gas to the anode 114A of the fuel cell stack 114. The fuel discharge pipe 108 is connected to the discharge port of the anode 114A of the fuel cell stack 114. The fuel discharge pipe 108 discharges the gas discharged from the anode 114A of the fuel cell stack 114. The air supply pipe 110 is connected to the intake port of the cathode 114B of the fuel cell stack 114, and supplies oxygen gas in the atmosphere to the cathode 114B. The atmospheric discharge pipe 112 is connected to the discharge port of the cathode 114B of the fuel cell stack 114. As a result, the gas discharged from the cathode 114B is discharged to the outside of the fuel cell 10.

燃料電池スタック１１４は、電解質膜を挟んで設けられたアノード１１４Ａとカソード１１４Ｂとを備えている。すなわち、この燃料電池スタック１１４は、燃料供給配管１０６を介してアノード１１４Ａに供給された水素ガスと、大気供給配管１１０を介してカソード１１４Ｂに供給された大気中の酸素ガスとを用いて発電する。 The fuel cell stack 114 includes an anode 114A and a cathode 114B provided with an electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween. That is, the fuel cell stack 114 generates electricity using hydrogen gas supplied to the anode 114A via the fuel supply pipe 106 and oxygen gas in the atmosphere supplied to the cathode 114B via the atmosphere supply pipe 110. ..

熱回収部１１６は、燃料電池スタック１１４の発電により発生した排熱を回収する。例えば、熱回収部１１６は、熱回収水管１０２の内部を流れる水を介して回収した排熱を熱交換器３０（図１）に供給する。 The heat recovery unit 116 recovers the waste heat generated by the power generation of the fuel cell stack 114. For example, the heat recovery unit 116 supplies the waste heat recovered through the water flowing inside the heat recovery water pipe 102 to the heat exchanger 30 (FIG. 1).

インバータ１１８は、燃料電池スタック１１４の電極に接続され、燃料電池スタック１１４の発電量を調整する。このインバータ１１８、例えば燃料電池スタック１１４が発電した直流電力を交流電力に変換する。つまり、インバータ１１８は、交流電力に変換する電力を調整することにより、燃料電池スタック１１４の発電量を調整する。 The inverter 118 is connected to the electrode of the fuel cell stack 114 and adjusts the power generation amount of the fuel cell stack 114. The DC power generated by the inverter 118, for example, the fuel cell stack 114, is converted into AC power. That is, the inverter 118 adjusts the amount of power generated by the fuel cell stack 114 by adjusting the power to be converted into AC power.

制御部１２０は、例えばＣＰＵ（Ｃｅｎｔｒａｌ Ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ Ｕｎｉｔ）であり、指示装置２０（図１）から指示された発電量の電力をインバータ１１８に発電させる。 The control unit 120 is, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), and causes the inverter 118 to generate electric power of the amount of power generation instructed by the instruction device 20 (FIG. 1).

図３は、指示装置２０の詳細な構成を示すブロック図である。この図３に示すように、本実施形態に係る指示装置２０は、情報取得部２００と、電力取得部２０２と、発電電力決定部２０４と、記憶部２０６と、指示部２０８とを、備えて構成されている。 FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the instruction device 20. As shown in FIG. 3, the instruction device 20 according to the present embodiment includes an information acquisition unit 200, a power acquisition unit 202, a power generation power determination unit 204, a storage unit 206, and an instruction unit 208. It is configured.

情報取得部２００は、複数の燃料電池１０それぞれの発電効率の情報を取得する。また、情報取得部２００は、複数の燃料電池１０それぞれの排熱回収効率の情報を取得する。例えば、
情報取得部２００は、操作装置２２（図１）から発電効率の情報及び排熱回収効率の情報を取得する。なお、複数の燃料電池１０それぞれの発電効率の情報、及び複数の燃料電池１０それぞれの排熱回収効率の情報を記憶部２０６に予め記憶させておいてもよい。この場合、情報取得部２００は、記憶部２０６に記憶させているこれらの情報を用いて複数の燃料電池１０それぞれの発電効率の情報、及び複数の燃料電池１０それぞれの排熱回収効率の情報を取得してもよい。 The information acquisition unit 200 acquires information on the power generation efficiency of each of the plurality of fuel cells 10. Further, the information acquisition unit 200 acquires information on the waste heat recovery efficiency of each of the plurality of fuel cells 10. for example,
The information acquisition unit 200 acquires power generation efficiency information and waste heat recovery efficiency information from the operating device 22 (FIG. 1). Information on the power generation efficiency of each of the plurality of fuel cells 10 and information on the waste heat recovery efficiency of each of the plurality of fuel cells 10 may be stored in advance in the storage unit 206. In this case, the information acquisition unit 200 uses these information stored in the storage unit 206 to obtain information on the power generation efficiency of each of the plurality of fuel cells 10 and information on the exhaust heat recovery efficiency of each of the plurality of fuel cells 10. You may get it.

図４は、燃料電池１０の発電効率の情報及び排熱回収効率の情報の一例を示す図である。横軸は、燃料電池１０の発電量を示し、縦軸は、発電効率と排熱回収効率とを示している。この図４に示すように、この燃料電池１０の発電効率は、特定の負荷時に最大となる。ここで、燃料電池１０の定格は、最大の発電電力を意味し、部分負荷は、発電電力よりも小さい発電電力を意味する。この燃料電池１０の発電効率は、発電電力が増加するにしたがい単調増加し、部分負荷時に最大値を示した後、発電電力が増加するにしたがい単調減少する。一方で、この燃料電池１０の排熱回収効率は、発電電力が増加するにしたがい単調増加する。 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of information on the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 10 and information on the waste heat recovery efficiency. The horizontal axis shows the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 10, and the vertical axis shows the power generation efficiency and the waste heat recovery efficiency. As shown in FIG. 4, the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 10 is maximized at a specific load. Here, the rating of the fuel cell 10 means the maximum generated power, and the partial load means the generated power smaller than the generated power. The power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 10 increases monotonically as the generated power increases, reaches a maximum value at the time of partial load, and then monotonically decreases as the generated power increases. On the other hand, the waste heat recovery efficiency of the fuel cell 10 increases monotonically as the generated power increases.

図３に示すように、電力取得部２０２は、複数の燃料電池１０が発電すべき総発電電力を取得する。この電力取得部２０２は、例えば、複数の燃料電池１０が発電すべき総発電電力を操作装置２２（図１）から取得する。 As shown in FIG. 3, the power acquisition unit 202 acquires the total power generation power to be generated by the plurality of fuel cells 10. The power acquisition unit 202 acquires, for example, the total generated power to be generated by the plurality of fuel cells 10 from the operating device 22 (FIG. 1).

発電電力決定部２０４は、情報取得部２００が取得した複数の燃料電池１０それぞれの発電効率の情報と、電力取得部２０２が取得した複数の燃料電池１０が発電すべき総発電電力とに基づき、運転台数と、複数の燃料電池それぞれに対する発電指示量とを決定する。例えば、発電電力決定部２０４は、（２）式を拘束条件として、（１）式で示す発電効率Ｅを最大とする発電指示量を決定する。 The power generation power generation determination unit 204 is based on the information on the power generation efficiency of each of the plurality of fuel cells 10 acquired by the information acquisition unit 200 and the total power generation power to be generated by the plurality of fuel cells 10 acquired by the power acquisition unit 202. Determine the number of operating units and the amount of power generation instructions for each of the multiple fuel cells. For example, the power generation power determination unit 204 determines the power generation instruction amount that maximizes the power generation efficiency E represented by the power generation efficiency E represented by the power generation efficiency E, with the power generation power determination unit 204 as a constraint condition.

Figure 0006982443
Figure 0006982443
 ここでは、Ｖｉは燃料電池ｉの発電指示量を示す表記であり、関数Ｆｉ（Ｖｉ）は燃料電池ｉの発電指示量Ｖｉに対する発電効率を示す関数の表記であり、ｎは複数の燃料電池１０の数を示す表記である。また、Ｔａｌｌは、複数の燃料電池１０が発電すべき総発電電力の表記である。この評価関数Ｅを最大とする発電指示量は、一般的な最適化問題を解く手法を用いて解くことが可能である。また、Ｖｉ＝０の場合は、燃料電池ｉは発電しないことを示している。発電電力決定部２０４の詳細な処理例は後述する。
Figure 0006982443
Figure 0006982443
 Here, Vi is a notation indicating the power generation instruction amount of the fuel cell i, function Fi (Vi) is a notation of a function indicating the power generation efficiency with respect to the power generation instruction amount Vi of the fuel cell i, and n is a notation indicating the power generation efficiency of the plurality of fuel cells 10. It is a notation indicating the number of. Further, Tall is a notation of the total generated power to be generated by the plurality of fuel cells 10. The power generation instruction amount that maximizes the evaluation function E can be solved by using a method for solving a general optimization problem. Further, when Vi = 0, it is shown that the fuel cell i does not generate electricity. A detailed processing example of the generated power determination unit 204 will be described later.

記憶部２０６は、発電電力決定部２０４で決定した運転台数と、複数の燃料電池１０それぞれの発電指示量を記憶する。記憶部３０４は、例えば、ＲＡＭ（Ｒａｎｄｏｍ Ａｃｃｅｓｓ Ｍｅｍｏｒｙ）、フラッシュメモリ等の半導体メモリ素子、ハードディスク、光ディスク等により実現される。 The storage unit 206 stores the number of operating units determined by the power generation power determination unit 204 and the power generation instruction amount of each of the plurality of fuel cells 10. The storage unit 304 is realized by, for example, a RAM (Random Access Memory), a semiconductor memory element such as a flash memory, a hard disk, an optical disk, or the like.

指示部２０８は、記憶部に記憶された複数の燃料電池１０それぞれに発電指示量を指示する。燃料電池１０の発電を停止させる場合の発電指示量は０である。 The instruction unit 208 instructs the power generation instruction amount to each of the plurality of fuel cells 10 stored in the storage unit. When the power generation of the fuel cell 10 is stopped, the power generation instruction amount is 0.

なお、本実施形態に係る指示装置２０は、例えば、プロセッサにより構成される。ここで、プロセッサという文言は、例えば、ＣＰＵ（Ｃｅｎｔｒａｌ Ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ Ｕｎｉｔ）、ＧＰＵ（Ｇｒａｐｈｉｃｓ Ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ Ｕｎｉｔ）、或いは、特定用途向け集積回路（Ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ Ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃ Ｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄ Ｃｉｒｃｕｉｔ： ＡＳＩＣ）、プログラマブル論理デバイス（例えば、単純プログラマブル論理デバイス（Ｓｉｍｐｌｅ Ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｍａｂｌｅ Ｌｏｇｉｃ Ｄｅｖｉｃｅ： ＳＰＬＤ）、複合プログラマブル論理デバイス（Ｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ Ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｍａｂｌｅ Ｌｏｇｉｃ Ｄｅｖｉｃｅ： ＣＰＬＤ）、及び、フィールドプログラマブルゲートアレイ（Ｆｉｅｌｄ Ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｍａｂｌｅ Ｇａｔｅ Ａｒｒａｙ： ＦＰＧＡ）等の回路を意味する。プロセッサは、記憶部２０６に保存されたプログラムを読み出して実行することにより機能を実現する。なお、記憶部２０６にプログラムを保存する代わりに、プロセッサの回路内にプログラムを直接組み込むよう構成して構わない。 The instruction device 20 according to the present embodiment is composed of, for example, a processor. Here, the word processor is, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), an integrated circuit for a specific application (Application Specific Integrated Circuit: ASIC), a programmable logic device (for example, a simple programmable logic device). (Simple Program Logic Device: SPLD), Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD), and Field Programmable Gate Array (field Programgable Gate Array: FPGA), etc. The function is realized by reading and executing the stored program. Instead of storing the program in the storage unit 206, the program may be configured to be directly incorporated in the circuit of the processor.

ここで、発電電力決定部２０４の詳細な処理例を説明する。この発電電力決定部２０４は、複数の燃料電池１０それぞれの発電効率が最大となる最大効率電力に基づき、複数の燃料電池それぞれの発電指示量を決定する。以下では、計算を高速化するための簡易的な方法を説明する。また、説明を簡単にするために、最大効率電力は、複数の燃料電池１０それぞれで共通の第１発電電力として説明する。 Here, a detailed processing example of the generated power determination unit 204 will be described. The power generation power determination unit 204 determines the power generation instruction amount of each of the plurality of fuel cells based on the maximum efficiency power that maximizes the power generation efficiency of each of the plurality of fuel cells 10. In the following, a simple method for speeding up the calculation will be described. Further, for the sake of simplicity, the maximum efficiency power will be described as the first power generation power common to each of the plurality of fuel cells 10.

発電電力決定部２０４は、第１発電電力に複数の燃料電池１０の全台数を乗算した第２発電電力よりも総発電電力が小さいか否かを判定し、総発電電力が第２発電電力以上の場合に、総発電電力を全台数で除算した均等電力により、複数の燃料電池１０それぞれの発電指示量とする。 The power generation power determination unit 204 determines whether or not the total power generation power is smaller than the second power generation power obtained by multiplying the first power generation power by the total number of the plurality of fuel cells 10, and the total power generation power is equal to or higher than the second power generation power. In the case of, the power generation instruction amount of each of the plurality of fuel cells 10 is obtained by the equal power generation obtained by dividing the total power generation power by the total number of units.

一方で、発電電力決定部２０４は、第２発電電力よりも総発電電力が小さい場合に、複数の燃料電池１０の中で発電を行わせる運転台数を決定する。より具体的には、発電電力決定部２０４は、運転台数に第１発電電力を乗算した電力が総発電電力よりも小さく且つ最大となる第１運転台数、又は運転台数に第１発電電力を乗算した電力が総発電電力よりも大きく且つ最小となる第２運転台数の中の発電効率が大きくなる方を、運転台数として決定する。例えば、発電電力決定部２０４は、燃料電池１０それぞれの発電指示量が異なる第１発電効率Ｅ１、第２発電効率Ｅ２、第３発電効率Ｅ３、及び第４発電効率Ｅ４を演算し、この四つの発電効率Ｅ１、Ｅ２、Ｅ３、Ｅ４の中で最も高い発電効率を選択し、選択した発電効率を得るための運燃料電池１０それぞれの発電指示量を、最終的な発電指示量として決定する。すなわち、発電電力決定部２０４は、（１）式で示す評価関数を４つの発電効率Ｅ１、Ｅ２、Ｅ３、Ｅ４に限定することで、処理を簡易に高速化する。 On the other hand, the power generation power determination unit 204 determines the number of operating units for generating power in the plurality of fuel cells 10 when the total power generation power is smaller than the second power generation power. More specifically, the generated power generation determination unit 204 multiplies the number of operating units by the first generated power, the first operating number at which the power is smaller and maximum than the total generated power, or the operating number is multiplied by the first generated power. Among the second operating units in which the generated power is larger and the minimum than the total generated power, the one with the higher power generation efficiency is determined as the operating number. For example, the power generation power determination unit 204 calculates the first power generation efficiency E1, the second power generation efficiency E2, the third power generation efficiency E3, and the fourth power generation efficiency E4, each of which has a different power generation instruction amount for each of the fuel cells 10. The highest power generation efficiency among the power generation efficiencies E1, E2, E3, and E4 is selected, and the power generation instruction amount of each of the fuel cell 10 for obtaining the selected power generation efficiency is determined as the final power generation instruction amount. That is, the generated power determination unit 204 simply speeds up the processing by limiting the evaluation function represented by the equation (1) to the four power generation efficiencies E1, E2, E3, and E4.

より詳細に４つの発電効率Ｅ１、Ｅ２、Ｅ３、Ｅ４を説明すると、発電電力決定部２０４は、第１発電効率Ｅ１の演算では、第１運転台数に第１発電電力を乗算した電力と、総発電電力との差分の差分電力を求め、差分電力と第１発電電力とを加算した加算電力を、１台の発電指示量とする。そして、運転させる燃料電池１０の中でこの１台を除く燃料電池１０それぞれの発電指示量を燃料電池１０の発電効率が最大となる第１発電電力とする。 Explaining the four power generation efficiencies E1, E2, E3, and E4 in more detail, the power generation power determination unit 204 calculates the first power generation efficiency E1 by multiplying the first operating number by the first power generation power, and the total power generation power. The difference power of the difference from the generated power is obtained, and the added power obtained by adding the difference power and the first generated power is used as a power generation instruction amount for one unit. Then, among the fuel cells 10 to be operated, the power generation instruction amount of each of the fuel cells 10 excluding this one is set as the first power generation power at which the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 10 is maximized.

第２発電効率Ｅ２の演算では、発電電力決定部２０４は、総発電電力を第１運転台数で除算した均等電力を、発電を行わせる燃料電池それぞれの発電指示量とする。 In the calculation of the second power generation efficiency E2, the power generation power determination unit 204 sets the equal power generation by dividing the total power generation power by the first operating number as the power generation instruction amount of each fuel cell to generate power.

第３発電効率Ｅ３の演算では、第２運転台数に第１発電電力を乗算した電力から総発電電力を減算した電力を、第１発電電力から更に減算した電力を、１台の発電指示量とする。そして、運転させる燃料電池１０の中でこの１台を除く燃料電池１０それぞれの発電指示量を第１発電電力とする。このように、第２運転台数とすると、運転させる燃料電池１０の中で１台を除く燃料電池１０それぞれの発電指示量を燃料電池１０の発電効率が最大となる第１発電電力とすることが可能となる。 In the calculation of the third power generation efficiency E3, the power obtained by subtracting the total power generation power from the power obtained by multiplying the second operating number by the first power generation power, and the power further subtracted from the first power generation power is used as the power generation instruction amount of one unit. do. Then, among the fuel cells 10 to be operated, the power generation instruction amount of each of the fuel cells 10 excluding this one is set as the first power generation power. As described above, when the number of units to be operated is the second, the power generation instruction amount of each of the fuel cells 10 except for one of the fuel cells 10 to be operated can be set as the first power generation power at which the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 10 is maximized. It will be possible.

第４発電効率Ｅ４の演算では、発電電力決定部２０４は、総発電電力を第２運転台数で除算した均等電力を、発電を行わせる燃料電池それぞれの発電指示量とする。 In the calculation of the fourth power generation efficiency E4, the power generation power determination unit 204 sets the equal power generation by dividing the total power generation power by the second operating number as the power generation instruction amount of each fuel cell to generate power.

例えば、図４に示すように、発電効率は、電力が第１発電電力に達するまで、電力の増加に対して単調増加し、電力が第１発電電力に達した後は単調減少する。これらから分かるように、複数の燃料電池１０の中で運転させる運転台数を第１運転台数、又は第２運転台数とすると、運転させる燃料電池１０全体の発電効率を最大化させることが可能となる。 For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the power generation efficiency increases monotonically with respect to the increase in power until the power reaches the first generated power, and decreases monotonically after the power reaches the first generated power. As can be seen from these, if the number of operating units to be operated in the plurality of fuel cells 10 is the first operating number or the second operating number, it is possible to maximize the power generation efficiency of the entire fuel cell 10 to be operated. ..

換言すると、第１発電電力に複数の燃料電池１０の全台数を乗算した第２発電電力よりも総発電電力が小さい場合に、（１）、（２）式により最適解を得ると、運転台数は第１運転台数、又は第２運転台数となる。本実施形態に係る発電電力決定部２０４は、発電効率Ｅ１、Ｅ２、Ｅ３、Ｅ４の中で最大の発電効率を選択することで、簡易に演算処理を高速化している。これにより、複数の燃料電池１０全体の発電効率の低下が抑制される。 In other words, when the total generated power is smaller than the second generated power obtained by multiplying the first generated power by the total number of the plurality of fuel cells 10, the number of operating units is obtained by obtaining the optimum solution by the equations (1) and (2). Is the first operating number or the second operating number. The power generation power generation determination unit 204 according to the present embodiment easily speeds up the arithmetic processing by selecting the maximum power generation efficiency among the power generation efficiencies E1, E2, E3, and E4. As a result, the decrease in power generation efficiency of the plurality of fuel cells 10 as a whole is suppressed.

図５は本実施形態に係る燃料電池システム１の発電処理の一例を示すフローチャートである。ここでは、複数の燃料電池１０それぞれの発電性能を同一とし、複数の燃料電池１０の台数を１０台とし、発電効率が最大となる第１発電電力を５０キロワットとし、燃料電池１０の定格電力を１００キロワットとし、燃料電池システム１の定格電力を１０００キロワットとして説明する。 FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of power generation processing of the fuel cell system 1 according to the present embodiment. Here, the power generation performance of each of the plurality of fuel cells 10 is the same, the number of the plurality of fuel cells 10 is 10, the first power generation power that maximizes the power generation efficiency is 50 kW, and the rated power of the fuel cell 10 is set. It will be described as 100 kW and the rated power of the fuel cell system 1 is 1000 kW.

この図５に示すように、電力取得部２０２は、操作装置２２から複数の燃料電池１０が発電すべき総発電電力を取得する（ステップＳ１００）。 As shown in FIG. 5, the power acquisition unit 202 acquires the total power generation power to be generated by the plurality of fuel cells 10 from the operation device 22 (step S100).

次に、発電電力決定部２０４は、総発電電力が燃料電池システム１の定格電力か否かを判断する（ステップＳ１０２）。総発電電力が燃料電池システム１の定格電力１０００キロワットである場合（ステップＳ１０２のＹＥＳ）、発電電力決定部２０４は、運転台数を全台数１０とし、複数の燃料電池１０のそれぞれの発電指示量を最大電力１００キロワットに決定する。指示部２０８は、この発電指示量１００キロワットに基づき、１０台の燃料電池１０のそれぞれに最大出力、すなわち定格１００キロワットによる発電を指示し（ステップＳ１０４）、全処理を終了する。 Next, the generated power determination unit 204 determines whether or not the total generated power is the rated power of the fuel cell system 1 (step S102). When the total generated power is the rated power of 1000 kW of the fuel cell system 1 (YES in step S102), the generated power determination unit 204 sets the total number of operating units to 10 and sets the power generation instruction amount of each of the plurality of fuel cells 10 to 10. Determine the maximum power of 100 kW. Based on this power generation instruction amount of 100 kW, the instruction unit 208 instructs each of the 10 fuel cells 10 to generate power with the maximum output, that is, the rated power generation of 100 kW (step S104), and ends all the processing.

一方で、総発電電力が定格電力１０００キロワットでない場合（ステップＳ１０２のＮＯ）、発電電力決定部２０４は、総発電電力が燃料電池１０の発電効率が最大となる第１発電電力５０キロワットに複数の燃料電池１０の台数１０を乗算した第２発電電力５００キロワット以下か否かを判断する（ステップＳ１０６）。例えば、総発電電力が２７０キロワットである場合、総発電電力２７０キロワットは、第２発電電力５００キロワット以下であるので（ステップＳ１０６のＹＥＳ）、発電電力決定部２０４は、総発電電力が２７０キロワットを発電効率が最大となる第１発電電力５０キロワットで除算する（ステップＳ１０８）。総発電電力２７０キロワットを発電効率が最大となる第１発電電力５０キロワットで除算すると５．４であるので、発電電力決定部２０４は、第１運転台数を５台、第２運転台数を６台とする（ステップＳ１１０）。 On the other hand, when the total generated power is not the rated power of 1000 kW (NO in step S102), the generated power determination unit 204 has a plurality of total generated power in the first generated power of 50 kW where the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 10 is maximized. It is determined whether or not the second generated power is 500 kilowatts or less multiplied by the number 10 of the fuel cells 10 (step S106). For example, when the total generated power is 270 kW, the total generated power is 270 kW or less because the second generated power is 500 kW or less (YES in step S106). Divide by the first generated power of 50 kilowatts, which maximizes the power generation efficiency (step S108). Dividing the total power generation power of 270 kW by the first power generation power of 50 kW, which maximizes the power generation efficiency, is 5.4. Therefore, the power generation power determination unit 204 has 5 units for the first operation and 6 units for the second operation. (Step S110).

図６は、ステップＳ１１０の処理内容を説明するフローチャートである。この図６に示すように、第１発電効率Ｅ１の演算では、第１運転台数５に第１発電電力５０キロワットを乗算した電力２５０キロワットと総発電電力２７０キロワットとの差分の差分電力２０キロワットと、第１発電電力５０キロワットとを加算した加算電力７０キロワットを、発電を行わせる燃料電池の中のいずれか１台の発電指示量とし、第１発電電力５０キロワットを、発電を行わせる燃料電池の中のいずれか４台の発電指示量とする（ステップＳ１１００）。 FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating the processing content of step S110. As shown in FIG. 6, in the calculation of the first power generation efficiency E1, the difference power of the difference between the power 250 kW obtained by multiplying the first operating number 5 by the first power generation power 50 kW and the total power generation power 270 kW is 20 kW. , The additional power of 70 kW, which is the sum of the first generated power of 50 kW, is used as the power generation instruction amount of any one of the fuel cells for generating power, and the first generated power of 50 kW is used as the fuel cell for generating power. The power generation instruction amount of any of the four units is set (step S1100).

第２発電効率Ｅ２の演算では、発電電力決定部２０４は、総発電電力２７０キロワットを運転台数５で除算した均等電力５４キロワットを、発電を行わせる燃料電池それぞれの発電指示量とする（ステップＳ１１０２）。 In the calculation of the second power generation efficiency E2, the power generation power determination unit 204 sets the equal power of 54 kilowatts, which is obtained by dividing the total power generation power of 270 kilowatts by the number of operating units 5, as the power generation instruction amount of each fuel cell to generate power (step S1102). ).

第３発電効率Ｅ３の演算では、発電電力決定部２０４は、第２運転台数６に第１発電電力５０キロワットを乗算した電力３００キロワットと総発電電力２７０キロワットとの差分の差分電力３０キロワットを、第１発電電力５０キロワットから減算した減算電力２０キロワットを、発電を行わせる燃料電池の中のいずれか１台の発電指示量とし、第１発電電力５０キロワットを、発電を行わせる燃料電池の中のいずれか５台の発電指示量とする（ステップＳ１１０４）。 In the calculation of the third power generation efficiency E3, the power generation power determination unit 204 calculates the difference power of 300 kW, which is obtained by multiplying the second operating number 6 by 50 kW of the first power generation power, and the difference power of 30 kW, which is the difference between the total power generation power of 270 kW. The subtracted power of 20 kilowatts subtracted from the first generated power of 50 kilowatts is set as the power generation instruction amount of any one of the fuel cells for generating power, and the first generated power of 50 kilowatts is used in the fuel cell for generating power. The power generation instruction amount of any of the five units is set (step S1104).

第４発電効率Ｅ４の演算では、発電電力決定部２０４は、総発電電力２７０キロワットを運転台数６で除算した均等電力４５キロワットを、発電を行わせる燃料電池それぞれの発電指示量とする（ステップＳ１１０６）。この例では、第１発電効率が最も高いので、発電電力決定部２０４は、５台に発電を行わせる。５台中の１台の発電指示量を７０キロワットとし、４台それぞれの発電指示量を燃料電池１０の発電効率が最大となる第１発電電力５０キロワットとする（ステップＳ１１０８）。 In the calculation of the fourth power generation efficiency E4, the power generation power determination unit 204 sets the equal power of 45 kilowatts, which is obtained by dividing the total power generation power of 270 kilowatts by the number of operating units 6, as the power generation instruction amount of each fuel cell to generate power (step S1106). ). In this example, since the first power generation efficiency is the highest, the power generation power determination unit 204 causes five units to generate power. The power generation instruction amount of one of the five units is 70 kW, and the power generation instruction amount of each of the four units is 50 kW of the first power generation power at which the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 10 is maximized (step S1108).

図５に示すように、指示部２０８は、これらの発電指示量５０キロワットの発電を４台の燃料電池１０に指示し、発電指示量７０キロワットによる発電を１台の燃料電池１０に指示し（ステップＳ１１２）、全処理を終了する。 As shown in FIG. 5, the instruction unit 208 instructs the four fuel cells 10 to generate power with these power generation instructions of 50 kilowatts, and instructs one fuel cell 10 to generate power with the power generation instruction amount of 70 kilowatts ( Step S112), all processing is completed.

一方で、総発電電力が第２発電電力５００キロワット以下でない場合（ステップＳ１０６のＮＯ）、例えば、総発電電力が７００キロワットである場合、発電電力決定部２０４は、運転台数を全台数の１０台とする（ステップＳ１１４）。次に、発電電力決定部２０４は、総発電電力７００キロワットを全台数の１０で除算して、全燃料電池１０それぞれの発電指示量を７０キロワットとする（ステップＳ１１６）。そして、指示部２０８は、これらの発電指示量７０キロワットによる発電を１０台の燃料電池１０に指示し（ステップＳ１１８）、全処理を終了する。 On the other hand, when the total generated power is not 500 kW or less of the second generated power (NO in step S106), for example, when the total generated power is 700 kW, the generated power determination unit 204 operates 10 units in total. (Step S114). Next, the power generation power determination unit 204 divides the total power generation power of 700 kilowatts by 10 of the total number of units to set the power generation instruction amount of each of the total fuel cells 10 to 70 kilowatts (step S116). Then, the instruction unit 208 instructs the 10 fuel cells 10 to generate electricity with these power generation instruction amounts of 70 kW (step S118), and completes all the processing.

このように、発電電力決定部２０４は、燃料電池１０の発電効率が最大となる第１発電電力効率の情報と、複数の燃料電池１０が発電すべき総発電電力に基づき、運転台数及び発電指示量を決定する。 In this way, the power generation power determination unit 204 determines the number of operating units and the power generation instruction based on the information on the first power generation efficiency at which the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 10 is maximized and the total power generation power to be generated by the plurality of fuel cells 10. Determine the amount.

図７は、図５及び図６のフローチャートにしたがい運転台数及び発電指示量を決定した場合の発電効率と排熱回収効率の例を示す図である。横軸は、複数の燃料電池１０が発電すべき総発電電力を示し、縦軸は、発電効率と排熱回収効率を示している。丸印の点線は、複数の燃料電池１０に均等に発電を指示した場合の発電効率を示し、丸印の実線は、図５及び図６のフローチャートにしたがい運転台数及び発電指示量を決定した場合の発電効率を示している。□印の点線は、複数の燃料電池１０に均等に発電を指示した場合の排熱回収効率を示し、□印の実線は、図５及び図６のフローチャートにしたがい運転台数及び発電指示量を決定した場合の排熱回収効率を示している。この図７に示すように、上述の第１発電電力に複数の燃料電池１０の全台数を乗算した第２発電電力よりも総発電電力が小さい領域において、従来のように複数の燃料電池１０に均等に発電を指示した場合の発電効率より高くなる。また、排熱回収効率も複数の燃料電池１０に均等に発電を指示した場合よりも高くなる。 FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of power generation efficiency and waste heat recovery efficiency when the number of operating units and the power generation instruction amount are determined according to the flowcharts of FIGS. 5 and 6. The horizontal axis shows the total generated power to be generated by the plurality of fuel cells 10, and the vertical axis shows the power generation efficiency and the exhaust heat recovery efficiency. The dotted line with a circle indicates the power generation efficiency when power generation is instructed evenly to a plurality of fuel cells 10, and the solid line with a circle indicates the number of operating units and the amount of power generation instructed according to the flowcharts of FIGS. 5 and 6. It shows the power generation efficiency of. The dotted line marked with □ indicates the waste heat recovery efficiency when power generation is instructed evenly to a plurality of fuel cells 10, and the solid line marked with □ determines the number of operating units and the amount of power generation instruction according to the flowcharts of FIGS. 5 and 6. It shows the waste heat recovery efficiency in the case of. As shown in FIG. 7, in a region where the total power generation power is smaller than the second power generation power obtained by multiplying the above-mentioned first power generation power by the total number of the plurality of fuel cells 10, the plurality of fuel cells 10 are used as in the conventional case. It will be higher than the power generation efficiency when power generation is instructed evenly. Further, the waste heat recovery efficiency is also higher than that in the case where the plurality of fuel cells 10 are evenly instructed to generate power.

以上のように本実施形態に係る燃料電池システム１によれば、発電電力決定部２０４が複数の燃料電池１０それぞれの発電効率の情報と、複数の燃料電池１０が発電すべき総発電電力とに基づき、複数の燃料電池１０それぞれに対する発電指示量を決定することとした。これにより、複数の燃料電池１０に総発電電力を発電させる際に、複数の燃料電池１０全体の発電効率をより高くすることが可能となる。 As described above, according to the fuel cell system 1 according to the present embodiment, the power generation power determination unit 204 provides information on the power generation efficiency of each of the plurality of fuel cells 10 and the total power generation power to be generated by the plurality of fuel cells 10. Based on this, it was decided to determine the power generation instruction amount for each of the plurality of fuel cells 10. This makes it possible to further increase the power generation efficiency of the plurality of fuel cells 10 as a whole when the plurality of fuel cells 10 generate the total power generation.

（第２実施形態）
第２実施形態に係る燃料電池システム１は、指示装置２０が更に評価部２１０と回復制御部２１２を更に備える点で第２実施形態に係る燃料電池システム１と相違する。他の構成は第１実施形態と同等なので説明を省略する。 (Second Embodiment)
The fuel cell system 1 according to the second embodiment is different from the fuel cell system 1 according to the second embodiment in that the instruction device 20 further includes an evaluation unit 210 and a recovery control unit 212. Since the other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted.

図８は、第２実施形態に係る指示装置２０のブロック図である。この図８に示すように、評価部２１０は、複数の燃料電池１０それぞれの発電性能を評価する。より具体的には、評価部２１０は、発電時の電圧と電流の関係を示すＩ−Ｖ特性を複数の燃料電池１０それぞれから取得し評価する。例えば、Ｉ−Ｖ特性において、所定の電圧に対して電流の値が低くなる程、燃料電池１０の性能が低下していることを示す。 FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the instruction device 20 according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, the evaluation unit 210 evaluates the power generation performance of each of the plurality of fuel cells 10. More specifically, the evaluation unit 210 acquires and evaluates the IV characteristic indicating the relationship between the voltage and the current at the time of power generation from each of the plurality of fuel cells 10. For example, in the IV characteristic, the lower the current value with respect to a predetermined voltage, the lower the performance of the fuel cell 10.

回復制御部２１２は、評価部２１０の性能評価に基づき、複数の燃料電池１０の回復制御を行う。より具体的には、回復制御部２１２は、評価部２１０の性能評価により、性能が低下した燃料電池１０の発電時電流の上昇を抑制しつつ、発電時電圧を上昇させる制御を行う。これにより、性能が低下した燃料電池１０の性能を回復させることが可能となる。 The recovery control unit 212 performs recovery control of the plurality of fuel cells 10 based on the performance evaluation of the evaluation unit 210. More specifically, the recovery control unit 212 controls the performance evaluation of the evaluation unit 210 to increase the power generation voltage while suppressing the increase in the power generation current of the fuel cell 10 whose performance has deteriorated. This makes it possible to recover the performance of the fuel cell 10 whose performance has deteriorated.

図９は、第２実施形態に係る発電電力決定部２０４及び評価部２１０の処理例を示すフローチャートである。図５と同等の処理は、同一の番号を付して説明を省略する。図９に示すように、発電指示量を指示する場合に、まず、評価部２１０は、複数の燃料電池１０それぞれのＩ−Ｖ特性を取得する（ステップＳ２００）。 FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a processing example of the generated power determination unit 204 and the evaluation unit 210 according to the second embodiment. The same processing as in FIG. 5 is assigned the same number and the description thereof will be omitted. As shown in FIG. 9, when instructing the power generation instruction amount, the evaluation unit 210 first acquires the IV characteristics of each of the plurality of fuel cells 10 (step S200).

次に、評価部２１０は、複数の燃料電池１０それぞれのＩ−Ｖ特性に基づき、複数の燃料電池１０それぞれの評価を行い、評価が高い順に複数の燃料電池１０の優先度を高くする（ステップＳ２０２）。次に、発電電力決定部２０４は、発電に使用する燃料電池を、優先度が高い順に選択する（ステップＳ２０４）。指示部２０８は、選択した燃料電池に指示量を指示する（ステップＳ１１２）。 Next, the evaluation unit 210 evaluates each of the plurality of fuel cells 10 based on the IV characteristics of each of the plurality of fuel cells 10, and raises the priority of the plurality of fuel cells 10 in descending order of evaluation (step). S202). Next, the generated power determination unit 204 selects the fuel cells used for power generation in descending order of priority (step S204). The indicator 208 instructs the selected fuel cell of the indicated amount (step S112).

以上のように本実施形態に係る燃料電池システム２によれば、発電電力決定部２０４が、評価部２１０が評価した燃料電池１０の発電性能に基づき、複数の燃料電池１０の中から発電に使用する燃料電池を決定することとした。これにより、複数の燃料電池１０の中かから発電効率の高い順に燃料電池１０を選択して使用可能となり、複数の燃料電池１０全体の発電効率をより高くすることが可能となる。 As described above, according to the fuel cell system 2 according to the present embodiment, the generated power determination unit 204 is used for power generation from among a plurality of fuel cells 10 based on the power generation performance of the fuel cell 10 evaluated by the evaluation unit 210. It was decided to decide which fuel cell to use. As a result, the fuel cells 10 can be selected and used in descending order of power generation efficiency from the plurality of fuel cells 10, and the power generation efficiency of the plurality of fuel cells 10 as a whole can be further increased.

（第３実施形態）
第３実施形態に係る燃料電池システム１は、指示装置２０が更にモード選択部２１４を更に備える点で第２実施形態に係る燃料電池システム１と相違する。他の構成は第２実施形態と同等なので説明を省略する。 (Third Embodiment)
The fuel cell system 1 according to the third embodiment is different from the fuel cell system 1 according to the second embodiment in that the instruction device 20 further includes a mode selection unit 214. Since the other configurations are the same as those of the second embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted.

図１０は、第３実施形態に係る指示装置２０のブロック図である。この図１０に示すように、モード選択部２１４は、操作装置２２からの操作に基づき、複数の燃料電池１０の発電効率が最大となるように運転する発電効率モードと、複数の燃料電池１０の排熱回収効率が最大となるように運転する排熱回収効率モードと、を選択する。 FIG. 10 is a block diagram of the instruction device 20 according to the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 10, the mode selection unit 214 operates in a power generation efficiency mode in which the power generation efficiency of the plurality of fuel cells 10 is maximized based on the operation from the operation device 22, and the mode selection unit 214 of the plurality of fuel cells 10. Select the exhaust heat recovery efficiency mode, which operates so that the exhaust heat recovery efficiency is maximized.

図１１は、第３実施形態に係る発電電力決定部２０４及びモード選択部２１４の処理例を示すフローチャートである。図５と同等の処理は、同一の番号を付して説明を省略する。図１１に示すように、まず、モード選択部２１４は、操作装置２２からモード選択指示を取得する（ステップＳ３００）。 FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a processing example of the generated power determination unit 204 and the mode selection unit 214 according to the third embodiment. The same processing as in FIG. 5 is assigned the same number and the description thereof will be omitted. As shown in FIG. 11, first, the mode selection unit 214 acquires a mode selection instruction from the operation device 22 (step S300).

次に、モード選択部２１４は、操作装置２２からのモード選択指示が、発電効率モードであるか否かを判断し（ステップＳ３０２）、発電効率モードが選択された場合であれば（ステップＳ３０２のＹＥＳ）、発電電力決定部２０４は、ステップＳ１０８からの処理を行う。 Next, the mode selection unit 214 determines whether or not the mode selection instruction from the operation device 22 is the power generation efficiency mode (step S302), and if the power generation efficiency mode is selected (step S302). YES), the generated power determination unit 204 performs the process from step S108.

一方で、発電効率モードが選択されていない場合であれば（ステップＳ３０２のＮＯ）、発電電力決定部２０４は、複数の燃料電池１０それぞれの排熱回収効率の情報に基づき、複数の燃料電池１０それぞれの発電指示量を決定し（ステップＳ３０６）、処理全体を終了する。
（ステップＳ３０４） On the other hand, if the power generation efficiency mode is not selected (NO in step S302), the power generation power determination unit 204 may use the plurality of fuel cells 10 based on the information on the exhaust heat recovery efficiency of each of the plurality of fuel cells 10. Each power generation instruction amount is determined (step S306), and the entire process is completed.
(Step S304)

図１２は、排熱回収効率モードにより燃料電池１０それぞれの発電量を決定した場合の発電効率及び排熱回収効率の例を示す図である。横軸は、複数の燃料電池１０が発電すべき総発電電力を示し、縦軸は、発電効率と排熱回収効率とを示している。 FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of power generation efficiency and waste heat recovery efficiency when the power generation amount of each fuel cell 10 is determined by the waste heat recovery efficiency mode. The horizontal axis shows the total generated power to be generated by the plurality of fuel cells 10, and the vertical axis shows the power generation efficiency and the exhaust heat recovery efficiency.

□印で示す実線は、排熱回収効率モードにより発電指示量を決定した場合の発電効率の例を示し、□印で示す点線は、複数の燃料電池１０に均等に発電を指示した場合の排熱回収効率を示している。丸印で示す実線は、排熱回収効率モードにより発電指示量を決定した場合の発電効率の例を示し、丸印で示す点線が、複数の燃料電池１０に均等に発電を指示した場合の発電効率を示している。この図１２に示すように、熱回収効率は総発電電力の全領域にわたり改善されている。一方で、発電効率は、総発電電力が相対的に小さな領域において、従来のように複数の燃料電池１０に均等に発電を指示した場合の発電効率より高くなる。 The solid line indicated by □ indicates an example of power generation efficiency when the power generation instruction amount is determined by the exhaust heat recovery efficiency mode, and the dotted line indicated by □ indicates exhaust when power generation is evenly instructed to a plurality of fuel cells 10. It shows the heat recovery efficiency. The solid line indicated by the circle shows an example of the power generation efficiency when the power generation instruction amount is determined by the exhaust heat recovery efficiency mode, and the dotted line indicated by the circle indicates the power generation when the plurality of fuel cells 10 are evenly instructed to generate power. It shows efficiency. As shown in FIG. 12, the heat recovery efficiency is improved over the entire area of total generated power. On the other hand, the power generation efficiency is higher than the power generation efficiency when the plurality of fuel cells 10 are instructed to generate power evenly as in the conventional case in the region where the total power generation power is relatively small.

以上のように本実施形態に係る燃料電池システム２によれば、発電電力決定部２０４が、モード選択部２１４により選択されたモードにしたがい複数の燃料電池１０それぞれの発電指示量を決定することとした。これにより、複数の燃料電池１０が発電すべき総発電電力が同一であっても、発電効率を優先する発電と、排熱回収効率を優先する発電とを選択可能となる。 As described above, according to the fuel cell system 2 according to the present embodiment, the power generation power determination unit 204 determines the power generation instruction amount of each of the plurality of fuel cells 10 according to the mode selected by the mode selection unit 214. did. As a result, even if the total generated power to be generated by the plurality of fuel cells 10 is the same, it is possible to select between power generation that prioritizes power generation efficiency and power generation that prioritizes exhaust heat recovery efficiency.

以上、本発明のいくつかの実施形態を説明したが、これらの実施形態は、例として提示したものであり、発明の範囲を限定することは意図していない。これら新規な実施形態は、その他の様々な形態で実施することが可能であり、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、種々の省略、置き換え、変更を行うことができる。これらの実施形態やその変形例は、発明の範囲や要旨に含まれると共に、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明とその均等の範囲に含まれる。 Although some embodiments of the present invention have been described above, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other embodiments, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. These embodiments and variations thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are also included in the scope of the invention described in the claims and the equivalent scope thereof.

１：燃料電池システム、１０：燃料電池、２０：指示装置、１１４：燃料電池スタック、１１６：熱回収部、２００：情報取得部、２０２：電力取得部、２０４：発電電力決定部、２０８：指示部、２１０：評価部、２１２：回復制御部、２１４：モード選択部 1: Fuel cell system, 10: Fuel cell, 20: Indicator, 114: Fuel cell stack, 116: Heat recovery unit, 200: Information acquisition unit, 202: Power acquisition unit, 204: Power generation determination unit, 208: Instruction Unit, 210: Evaluation unit, 212: Recovery control unit, 214: Mode selection unit

Claims (11)

水素を用いて電力を発生し、特定の負荷時に発電効率が最大になる複数の燃料電池と、前記複数の燃料電池それぞれの発電指示量を指示する指示装置と、
を備え、
前記指示装置は、
前記複数の燃料電池が発電すべき総発電電力を取得する電力取得部と、
前記複数の燃料電池それぞれの発電効率の情報と、前記総発電電力とに基づき、前記複数の燃料電池それぞれの発電指示量を決定する発電電力決定部と、
前記複数の燃料電池それぞれに前記発電指示量を指示する指示部と、
を有し、
前記発電電力決定部は、前記複数の燃料電池それぞれの発電効率が最大となる最大効率電力である共通の第１発電電力に前記複数の燃料電池の全台数を乗算した第２発電電力よりも前記総発電電力が小さい場合に、運転台数に前記第１発電電力を乗算した電力が前記総発電電力よりも小さく且つ最大となる第１運転台数、又は運転台数に前記第１発電電力を乗算した電力が前記総発電電力よりも大きく且つ最小となる第２運転台数の中の発電効率が大きくなる方を、運転台数として決定する、燃料電池システム。 A plurality of fuel cells that generate electric power using hydrogen and maximize power generation efficiency at a specific load, an instruction device that instructs the power generation instruction amount of each of the plurality of fuel cells, and an instruction device.
Equipped with
The indicator is
The power acquisition unit that acquires the total power generated by the plurality of fuel cells,
A power generation power determination unit that determines the power generation instruction amount of each of the plurality of fuel cells based on the information on the power generation efficiency of each of the plurality of fuel cells and the total power generation power.
An instruction unit for instructing the power generation instruction amount to each of the plurality of fuel cells,
Have,
The power generation power determination unit is more than the second power generation power obtained by multiplying the common first power generation power, which is the maximum efficiency power at which the power generation efficiency of each of the plurality of fuel cells is maximum, by the total number of the plurality of fuel cells. When the total generated power is small, the number of operating units multiplied by the first generated power is smaller than the total generated power and the maximum is the first operating number, or the number of operating units multiplied by the first generated power. Is a fuel cell system in which the power generation efficiency of the second operating number, which is larger and the minimum than the total generated power, is determined as the operating number. 前記発電電力決定部は、前記総発電電力が前記第２発電電力以上である場合に、前記総発電電力を前記複数の燃料電池の総運転台数で除算した電力を、前記複数の燃料電池それぞれの発電電力に決定する、請求項１に記載の燃料電池システム。 When the total generated power is equal to or higher than the second generated power, the generated power determination unit divides the total generated power by the total number of operating units of the plurality of fuel cells to obtain the power obtained by dividing the total generated power by the total number of operating units of the plurality of fuel cells. determining the generated power, the fuel cell system according to claim 1. 前記発電電力決定部は、前記運転台数を前記第１運転台数に決定した場合に、前記総発電電力から前記第１運転台数に前記第１発電電力を乗算した電力を減算した電力と、前記第１発電電力とを加算した加算電力を、前記発電を行わせる燃料電池の中のいずれか１台の発電電力に決定する、請求項１に記載の燃料電池システム。 When the number of operating units is determined to be the first operating number, the generated power determination unit subtracts the power obtained by multiplying the first operating number by the first generated power from the total generated power, and the first. an addition power obtained by adding the first generator power is determined in any one of the power generated in the fuel cell to perform the power generation, the fuel cell system according to claim 1. 前記発電電力決定部は、前記運転台数を前記第１運転台数に決定した場合に、前記総発電電力を前記第１運転台数で除算した電力を、前記発電を行わせる燃料電池それぞれの発電電力に決定する、請求項１に記載の燃料電池システム。 When the number of operating units is determined to be the first operating number, the generated power determination unit divides the total generated power by the first operating number into the generated power of each of the fuel cells for generating the power. determining fuel cell system according to claim 1. 前記発電電力決定部は、前記運転台数を前記第２運転台数に決定した場合に、前記第２運転台数に前記第１発電電力を乗算した電力から前記総発電電力を減算した電力を、前記第１発電電力から更に減算した電力を、前記発電を行わせる燃料電池の中のいずれか１台の発電電力に決定する、請求項１に記載の燃料電池システム。 When the number of operating units is determined to be the number of second operating units, the generated power determination unit obtains the power obtained by subtracting the total generated power from the power obtained by multiplying the number of operating units by the first generated power. the power obtained by further subtracting from 1 the generated power is determined in any one of the power generated in the fuel cell to perform the power generation, the fuel cell system according to claim 1. 前記発電電力決定部は、前記運転台数を前記第２運転台数に決定した場合に、前記総発電電力を前記第２運転台数で除算した電力を、前記発電を行わせる燃料電池それぞれの発電電力に決定する、請求項１に記載の燃料電池システム。 When the number of operating units is determined to be the second operating number, the generated power determination unit divides the total generated power by the second operating number into the generated power of each of the fuel cells for generating the power. determining fuel cell system according to claim 1. 前記指示装置は、前記複数の燃料電池それぞれの発電性能を評価する評価部を更に有し、
前記発電電力決定部は、前記発電性能に基づき、前記複数の燃料電池の中から発電に使用する燃料電池を決定する、請求項１乃至６のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池システム。 The instruction device further has an evaluation unit for evaluating the power generation performance of each of the plurality of fuel cells.
The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the generated power determination unit determines a fuel cell to be used for power generation from the plurality of fuel cells based on the power generation performance. 前記指示装置は、前記評価部の性能評価に基づき、前記複数の燃料電池の回復制御を行う回復制御部を更に有する、請求項７に記載の燃料電池システム。 The fuel cell system according to claim 7 , wherein the instruction device further includes a recovery control unit that controls recovery of the plurality of fuel cells based on the performance evaluation of the evaluation unit. 前記複数の燃料電池のそれぞれは、前記水素と酸素とを用いて発電する燃料電池スタックと、前記燃料電池スタックの排熱を少なくとも回収する排熱回収部と、を有し、
前記指示装置は、前記複数の燃料電池の発電効率が最大となるように運転する発電効率モードと、前記複数の燃料電池のそれぞれが有する前記排熱回収部で回収される熱全体の排熱回収効率が最大となるように運転する排熱回収効率モードと、を選択するモード選択部を更に有し、
前記発電電力決定部は、前記発電効率モードが選択された場合には、前記複数の燃料電池それぞれの発電効率の情報に基づき、前記複数の燃料電池それぞれの発電量を決定し、 前記排熱回収効率モードが選択された場合には、前記複数の燃料電池それぞれの排熱回収効率の情報に基づき、前記複数の燃料電池それぞれの発電量を取得する、請求項１乃至８のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池システム。 Each of the plurality of fuel cells has a fuel cell stack that generates electricity using the hydrogen and oxygen, and an exhaust heat recovery unit that recovers at least the exhaust heat of the fuel cell stack.
The indicator has a power generation efficiency mode in which the plurality of fuel cells are operated so as to maximize the power generation efficiency, and exhaust heat recovery of the entire heat recovered by the exhaust heat recovery unit of each of the plurality of fuel cells. It also has a mode selection unit for selecting an exhaust heat recovery efficiency mode that operates so as to maximize efficiency.
When the power generation efficiency mode is selected, the power generation power determination unit determines the power generation amount of each of the plurality of fuel cells based on the information of the power generation efficiency of each of the plurality of fuel cells, and recovers the exhaust heat. When the efficiency mode is selected, the power generation amount of each of the plurality of fuel cells is acquired based on the information of the exhaust heat recovery efficiency of each of the plurality of fuel cells, according to any one of claims 1 to 8. The fuel cell system described. 水素を用いて電力を発生し、特定の負荷時に発電効率が最大である複数の燃料電池を有する燃料電池システムの指示装置であって、
前記複数の燃料電池が発電すべき総発電電力を取得する電力取得部と、
前記複数の燃料電池それぞれの発電効率の情報と、前記総発電電力とに基づき、前記複数の燃料電池それぞれの発電指示量を決定する発電電力決定部と、
前記複数の燃料電池それぞれに前記発電指示量を指示する指示部と、
を備え、
前記発電電力決定部は、前記複数の燃料電池それぞれの発電効率が最大となる最大効率電力である共通の第１発電電力に前記複数の燃料電池の全台数を乗算した第２発電電力よりも前記総発電電力が小さい場合に、運転台数に前記第１発電電力を乗算した電力が前記総発電電力よりも小さく且つ最大となる第１運転台数、又は運転台数に前記第１発電電力を乗算した電力が前記総発電電力よりも大きく且つ最小となる第２運転台数の中の発電効率が大きくなる方を、運転台数として決定する、燃料電池システムの指示装置。 An indicator for a fuel cell system that has multiple fuel cells that generate electricity using hydrogen and have maximum power generation efficiency at a specific load.
The power acquisition unit that acquires the total power generated by the plurality of fuel cells,
A power generation power determination unit that determines the power generation instruction amount of each of the plurality of fuel cells based on the information on the power generation efficiency of each of the plurality of fuel cells and the total power generation power.
An instruction unit for instructing the power generation instruction amount to each of the plurality of fuel cells,
Equipped with
The power generation power determination unit is more than the second power generation power obtained by multiplying the common first power generation power, which is the maximum efficiency power at which the power generation efficiency of each of the plurality of fuel cells is maximum, by the total number of the plurality of fuel cells. When the total generated power is small, the number of operating units multiplied by the first generated power is smaller than the total generated power and the maximum is the first operating number, or the number of operating units multiplied by the first generated power. Is a fuel cell system instruction device that determines as the number of operating units the one with the larger power generation efficiency among the second operating units that is larger and the minimum than the total generated power. 水素を用いて電力を発生し、特定の負荷時に発電効率が最大である複数の燃料電池を有する燃料電池システムの指示方法であって、
前記複数の燃料電池が発電すべき総発電電力を取得する電力取得工程と、
前記複数の燃料電池それぞれの発電効率の情報と、前記総発電電力とに基づき、前記複数の燃料電池それぞれの発電指示量を決定する発電電力決定工程と、
前記複数の燃料電池それぞれに前記発電指示量を指示する指示工程と、
を備え、
前記発電電力決定工程は、前記複数の燃料電池それぞれの発電効率が最大となる最大効率電力である共通の第１発電電力に前記複数の燃料電池の全台数を乗算した第２発電電力よりも前記総発電電力が小さい場合に、運転台数に前記第１発電電力を乗算した電力が前記総発電電力よりも小さく且つ最大となる第１運転台数、又は運転台数に前記第１発電電力を乗算した電力が前記総発電電力よりも大きく且つ最小となる第２運転台数の中の発電効率が大きくなる方を、運転台数として決定する、燃料電池システムの指示方法。 It is a method of instructing a fuel cell system having multiple fuel cells that generate electricity using hydrogen and have the maximum power generation efficiency at a specific load.
The power acquisition process for acquiring the total generated power to be generated by the plurality of fuel cells, and
A power generation determination step of determining the power generation instruction amount of each of the plurality of fuel cells based on the information on the power generation efficiency of each of the plurality of fuel cells and the total power generation power.
An instruction process for instructing the power generation instruction amount to each of the plurality of fuel cells,
Equipped with
The power generation power determination step is more than the second power generation power obtained by multiplying the common first power generation power, which is the maximum efficiency power at which the power generation efficiency of each of the plurality of fuel cells is maximum, by the total number of the plurality of fuel cells. When the total generated power is small, the number of operating units multiplied by the first generated power is smaller than the total generated power and the maximum is the first operating number, or the number of operating units multiplied by the first generated power. Is a method for instructing a fuel cell system in which the power generation efficiency of the second operating number, which is larger and the minimum than the total generated power, is determined as the operating number.
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