JP6982439B2 - Ship - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP6982439B2
JP6982439B2 JP2017172993A JP2017172993A JP6982439B2 JP 6982439 B2 JP6982439 B2 JP 6982439B2 JP 2017172993 A JP2017172993 A JP 2017172993A JP 2017172993 A JP2017172993 A JP 2017172993A JP 6982439 B2 JP6982439 B2 JP 6982439B2
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Prior art keywords
lpg
engine
fuel
pressure
pump
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JP2017172993A
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JP2019049216A (en
Inventor
拓海 野崎
俊宏 ▲高▼木
宏之 武田
尚子 印藤
和也 萩原
雄輝 宍粟
崇嗣 安部
直樹 成島
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Kawasaki Motors Ltd
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Kawasaki Jukogyo KK
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Priority to JP2017172993A priority Critical patent/JP6982439B2/en
Priority to PCT/JP2018/033257 priority patent/WO2019050003A1/en
Priority to KR1020207008930A priority patent/KR20200047623A/en
Priority to SG11202001767YA priority patent/SG11202001767YA/en
Priority to CN201880051275.4A priority patent/CN111033024A/en
Publication of JP2019049216A publication Critical patent/JP2019049216A/en
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Publication of JP6982439B2 publication Critical patent/JP6982439B2/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B17/00—Vessels parts, details, or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • B63B17/0027—Tanks for fuel or the like ; Accessories therefor, e.g. tank filler caps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0209—Hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. methane or acetylene
    • F02M21/0212—Hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. methane or acetylene comprising at least 3 C-Atoms, e.g. liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], propane or butane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0221—Fuel storage reservoirs, e.g. cryogenic tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/023—Valves; Pressure or flow regulators in the fuel supply or return system
    • F02M21/0242—Shut-off valves; Check valves; Safety valves; Pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0245—High pressure fuel supply systems; Rails; Pumps; Arrangement of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0443—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0689—Methods for controlling or regulating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/50—Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system
    • Y02T70/5218—Less carbon-intensive fuels, e.g. natural gas, biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Description

本発明は、ＬＰＧを燃料とする推進用エンジンを含む船舶に関する。 The present invention relates to a ship including a propulsion engine fueled by LPG.

従来の船舶では、一般的に、推進用エンジンの燃料は重油や軽油などの燃料油か、ＬＮＧ（Liquefied Natural Gas）であった。近年では、推進用エンジンの燃料としてＬＰＧ（Liquefied Petroleum Gas）を用いることも提案されている。 In conventional ships, the fuel for the propulsion engine is generally fuel oil such as heavy oil or light oil, or LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas). In recent years, it has also been proposed to use LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) as a fuel for a propulsion engine.

例えば、特許文献１に開示される船舶は、軽油を貯蔵する軽油貯蔵タンクと、ＬＰＧを保存するデッキタンクとを備えており、軽油またはＬＰＧを推進用エンジンに燃料として選択的に供給可能になっている。デッキタンクは、燃料移送配管を介してエンジンと接続されており、燃料移送配管には、ポンプと締切り弁が設置されている。 For example, the ship disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a light oil storage tank for storing light oil and a deck tank for storing LPG, so that light oil or LPG can be selectively supplied to a propulsion engine as fuel. ing. The deck tank is connected to the engine via a fuel transfer pipe, and the fuel transfer pipe is equipped with a pump and a shutoff valve.

軽油の使用中には、ポンプが停止し、締切り弁が閉弁する。燃料を軽油からＬＰＧに切り換える際、ポンプが作動して締切り弁が開弁し、それによりＬＰＧのエンジンへの供給が開始する。 During the use of diesel fuel, the pump stops and the shutoff valve closes. When the fuel is switched from light oil to LPG, the pump operates and the shutoff valve opens, thereby starting the supply of LPG to the engine.

韓国公開特許第２０１２−０１１３３９８号公報Korean Published Patent No. 2012-0113398 Gazette

エンジン内で燃料を噴射するためには、エンジンへの燃料供給圧力を一定値以上に確保する必要がある。上記のように、ＬＰＧを供給開始する段階でポンプを作動させる場合、燃料移送配管中のＬＰＧの圧力がエンジンで要求される圧力に満たず、エンジンを円滑に運転できない可能性がある。なお、このＬＰＧの供給開始時の問題は、特許文献１に開示された二元燃料エンジンだけでなく、ＬＰＧのみを燃料とするエンジンでも同様に生じる可能性がある。 In order to inject fuel in the engine, it is necessary to secure the fuel supply pressure to the engine above a certain value. As described above, when the pump is operated at the stage of starting the supply of LPG, the pressure of LPG in the fuel transfer pipe may not be less than the pressure required by the engine, and the engine may not be operated smoothly. It should be noted that this problem at the start of supply of LPG may occur not only in the dual fuel engine disclosed in Patent Document 1 but also in an engine using only LPG as fuel.

そこで本発明は、ＬＰＧの供給開始時に推進用エンジンを円滑に運転させることができる船舶を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a ship capable of smoothly operating a propulsion engine at the start of supply of LPG.

本発明の一形態に係る船舶は、ＬＰＧを貯留する燃料タンクと、ＬＰＧを燃料とする推進用エンジンと、前記燃料タンクから前記エンジンへＬＰＧを供給する燃料供給ラインと、前記燃料供給ラインに設けられたポンプと、前記ポンプの下流側で前記燃料供給ラインに設けられた遮断弁と、前記エンジンから前記燃料タンクへ未使用のＬＰＧを回収する燃料回収ラインと、前記ポンプと前記遮断弁の間で前記燃料供給ラインから分岐して前記燃料回収ラインまたは前記燃料タンクへ繋がるバイパスラインと、前記バイパスラインに設けられた流量制御弁と、前記ポンプの下流側かつ前記遮断弁の上流側で前記燃料供給ラインに設けられ、前記ポンプから供給されるＬＰＧの圧力を検出する圧力計と、前記燃料ラインを通じて前記エンジンへ流入するＬＰＧの供給流量または前記燃料回収ラインを通じて前記エンジンから流出するＬＰＧの回収流量を検出する流量計と、前記ポンプの回転数および前記流量制御弁を制御する制御装置と、を備え、前記遮断弁を閉弁してＬＰＧの前記エンジンへの供給を停止しているときに、前記制御装置は、前記圧力計によって検出されるＬＰＧの圧力を前記エンジンの運転に必要な要求圧力に保つように前記ポンプの回転数および／または前記流量制御弁を制御し、前記遮断弁を開弁してＬＰＧを前記エンジンに供給するときに、前記制御装置は、前記流量計によって検出される流量が前記エンジンの燃料消費量に応じた所定値となるように前記ポンプの回転数および前記流量制御弁を制御する。 A ship according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided in a fuel tank for storing LPG, a propulsion engine using LPG as fuel, a fuel supply line for supplying LPG from the fuel tank to the engine, and the fuel supply line. Between the pump, a shutoff valve provided on the fuel supply line on the downstream side of the pump, a fuel recovery line for recovering unused LPG from the engine to the fuel tank, and the pump and the shutoff valve. A bypass line that branches off from the fuel supply line and connects to the fuel recovery line or the fuel tank, a flow control valve provided in the bypass line, and the fuel on the downstream side of the pump and the upstream side of the shutoff valve. A pressure gauge provided on the supply line to detect the pressure of the LPG supplied from the pump, and a supply flow rate of the LPG flowing into the engine through the fuel line or a recovery flow rate of the LPG flowing out from the engine through the fuel recovery line. When the shutoff valve is closed and the supply of LPG to the engine is stopped, the flow meter is provided with a flow meter for detecting the fuel speed and a control device for controlling the rotation speed of the pump and the flow control valve. The control device controls the rotation speed of the pump and / or the flow control valve so as to keep the pressure of the LPG detected by the pressure gauge at the required pressure required for operating the engine, and opens the shutoff valve. When the LPG is supplied to the engine by valve, the control device adjusts the rotation speed of the pump and the flow rate so that the flow rate detected by the flow meter becomes a predetermined value according to the fuel consumption of the engine. Control the control valve.

前記構成によれば、バイパスラインを設け、ＬＰＧの流量が燃料消費量に応じて調整されるようにポンプ回転数および流量制御弁を制御するので、ＬＰＧのエンジンへの過剰供給を抑制でき、燃料回収ラインを備えた船舶において、燃料タンク内のＬＰＧの温度の過上昇を抑制できる。 According to the above configuration, a bypass line is provided to control the pump rotation speed and the flow rate control valve so that the flow rate of LPG is adjusted according to the fuel consumption, so that excessive supply of LPG to the engine can be suppressed and the fuel can be suppressed. In a ship equipped with a recovery line, it is possible to suppress an excessive rise in the temperature of LPG in the fuel tank.

また、ＬＰＧの供給中には流量制御に用いられるポンプおよび流量制御弁が、遮断弁を閉弁したＬＰＧの供給停止時には、燃料供給ラインにおけるＬＰＧの圧力の調整に用いられる。このように、ポンプ回転数および流量制御弁を圧力制御に併用し、ＬＰＧの供給圧力をエンジンの運転に必要な要求圧力に保つので、ＬＰＧの供給開始時にエンジンを円滑に運転させることができる。 Further, the pump and the flow rate control valve used for the flow rate control during the supply of the LPG are used for adjusting the pressure of the LPG in the fuel supply line when the supply of the LPG with the shutoff valve closed is stopped. In this way, the pump rotation speed and the flow rate control valve are used in combination with the pressure control to keep the supply pressure of the LPG at the required pressure required for the operation of the engine, so that the engine can be smoothly operated at the start of the supply of the LPG.

前記バイパスラインの合流点の上流側で前記燃料回収ラインに設けられた圧力調整弁を備え、前記遮断弁を開弁してＬＰＧを前記エンジンに供給するときに、前記制御装置は、前記圧力調整弁を操作して前記エンジンに供給されるＬＰＧの圧力を制御してもよい。前記構成によれば、ＬＰＧの供給時、流量制御弁およびポンプ回転数を流量制御に用いながら、エンジンに供給されるＬＰＧの圧力制御を実現できる。 When a pressure regulating valve provided in the fuel recovery line is provided on the upstream side of the confluence of the bypass line and the shutoff valve is opened to supply LPG to the engine, the control device adjusts the pressure. The valve may be operated to control the pressure of the LPG supplied to the engine. According to the above configuration, when the LPG is supplied, the pressure control of the LPG supplied to the engine can be realized while using the flow rate control valve and the pump rotation speed for the flow rate control.

本発明によれば、ＬＰＧの供給開始時に推進用エンジンを円滑に運転させることができる船舶を提供できる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a ship capable of smoothly operating a propulsion engine at the start of supply of LPG.

実施形態に係る船舶の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the ship which concerns on embodiment. 変形例に係る船舶の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the ship which concerns on the modification.

以下、図面を参照しながら実施形態について説明する。全図を通じて同一又は対応する要素には同一の符号を付して重複する詳細な説明を省略する。 Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. The same or corresponding elements are designated by the same reference numerals throughout the drawings, and duplicate detailed description is omitted.

図１に示される船舶１は、ＬＰＧ燃料推進船である。船舶１は、ＬＰＧを貯留する燃料タンク２、および、ＬＰＧを燃料とする推進用エンジン１１を含む。ＬＰＧは、主成分がプロパンであってもよいし（プロパンガス）、ブタンであってもよい（ブタンガス）。 Vessel 1 shown in FIG. 1 is an LPG fuel propulsion vessel. Vessel 1 includes a fuel tank 2 for storing LPG and a propulsion engine 11 fueled by LPG. The main component of LPG may be propane (propane gas) or butane (butane gas).

本実施形態では、燃料タンク２が、比較的に大きな容積のストレージタンク２１と、比較的に小さな容積のサービスタンク２２とで構成されている。ストレージタンク２１およびサービスタンク２２は、共に耐圧力が大気圧よりも高い圧力容器である。ストレージタンク２１とサービスタンク２２とは、中継ライン２６によって互いに接続されている。 In the present embodiment, the fuel tank 2 is composed of a storage tank 21 having a relatively large volume and a service tank 22 having a relatively small volume. Both the storage tank 21 and the service tank 22 are pressure vessels having a pressure resistance higher than that of atmospheric pressure. The storage tank 21 and the service tank 22 are connected to each other by a relay line 26.

ストレージタンク２１内には、ＬＰＧ供給源から燃料導入ライン２３を通じてＬＰＧが導入される。ＬＰＧ供給源は、船舶１に搭載されるカーゴタンクであってもよいし、陸上のＬＰＧ供給設備またはＬＰＧ燃料供給船であってもよい。 LPG is introduced into the storage tank 21 from the LPG supply source through the fuel introduction line 23. The LPG supply source may be a cargo tank mounted on a ship 1, an LPG supply facility on land, or an LPG fuel supply ship.

本実施形態では、ストレージタンク２１にＬＰＧを低温に維持する手段（例えば、断熱材）が設けられておらず、ストレージタンク２１内のＬＰＧの温度は大気温度に追従して変化する。ＬＰＧ供給源から導入されるＬＰＧは、主成分がプロパンガスである場合には約−４２℃であることが多い。従って、燃料導入ライン２３には、ＬＰＧを例えば−５℃から大気温度までの範囲内の温度に加熱する加熱器２４が設けられている。ただし、ＬＰＧ供給源である陸上のＬＰＧ供給設備やＬＰＧ燃料供給船に加熱器が装備されており、船舶１に受け渡されるＬＰＧの温度が−５℃以上であれば、加熱器２４は不要である。 In the present embodiment, the storage tank 21 is not provided with means for keeping the LPG at a low temperature (for example, a heat insulating material), and the temperature of the LPG in the storage tank 21 changes according to the atmospheric temperature. LPG introduced from an LPG source is often at about −42 ° C. when the main component is propane gas. Therefore, the fuel introduction line 23 is provided with a heater 24 that heats the LPG to a temperature in the range of, for example, −5 ° C. to the atmospheric temperature. However, if the onshore LPG supply facility or LPG fuel supply ship, which is the LPG supply source, is equipped with a heater and the temperature of the LPG delivered to the ship 1 is −5 ° C. or higher, the heater 24 is unnecessary. be.

ストレージタンク２１内の気層の成分が気化したＰＧのみの場合は、ストレージタンク２１内の気層の圧力はＬＰＧの飽和蒸気圧力である。例えば、ストレージタンク２１内の温度が２５℃である場合は、ストレージタンク２１内の気層の圧力（飽和蒸気圧力）はゲージ圧で約０．９ＭＰａである。以下、圧力の表示は全てゲージ圧である。なお、ＬＰＧの飽和蒸気圧力は、５０℃で約１．７ＭＰａであるので、ストレージタンク２１は例えば１．８ＭＰａまで耐えられるように構成される。参考までに、ＬＰＧの飽和蒸気圧力は、０℃で約０．４ＭＰａである。 When the component of the air layer in the storage tank 21 is only vaporized PG, the pressure of the air layer in the storage tank 21 is the saturated vapor pressure of LPG. For example, when the temperature in the storage tank 21 is 25 ° C., the pressure (saturated steam pressure) of the air layer in the storage tank 21 is about 0.9 MPa in gauge pressure. Hereinafter, all pressure indications are gauge pressures. Since the saturated vapor pressure of LPG is about 1.7 MPa at 50 ° C., the storage tank 21 is configured to withstand up to, for example, 1.8 MPa. For reference, the saturated vapor pressure of LPG is about 0.4 MPa at 0 ° C.

ストレージタンク２１の内部には、ポンプ２５が設置されている。ポンプ２５の数は１つであっても複数であってもよい。中継ライン２６の上流端は、ポンプ２５へ繋がっている。中継ライン２６の下流端は、サービスタンク２２内で開口している。ポンプ２５により、中継ライン２６を通じてストレージタンク２１からサービスタンク２２へＬＰＧが供給される。ただし、ポンプ２５はストレージタンク２１の外で中継ライン２６の途中に設けられてもよい。 A pump 25 is installed inside the storage tank 21. The number of pumps 25 may be one or plural. The upstream end of the relay line 26 is connected to the pump 25. The downstream end of the relay line 26 is open in the service tank 22. LPG is supplied from the storage tank 21 to the service tank 22 by the pump 25 through the relay line 26. However, the pump 25 may be provided outside the storage tank 21 and in the middle of the relay line 26.

ストレージタンク２１と同様に、サービスタンク２２にはＬＰＧを低温に維持する手段が設けられておらず、サービスタンク２２内のＬＰＧの温度は大気温度に追従して変化する。サービスタンク２２内の気層の成分が気化したＰＧのみの場合は、サービスタンク２２内の気層の圧力はＬＰＧの飽和蒸気圧力である。 Like the storage tank 21, the service tank 22 is not provided with a means for keeping the LPG at a low temperature, and the temperature of the LPG in the service tank 22 changes according to the atmospheric temperature. When the component of the air layer in the service tank 22 is only vaporized PG, the pressure of the air layer in the service tank 22 is the saturated steam pressure of LPG.

後述するようなエンジン１１とサービスタンク２２との間でのＬＰＧの循環時は、サービスタンク２２内のＬＰＧの温度は大気温度よりも高くてもよい。例えば、サービスタンク２２内のＬＰＧの温度が６０℃である場合は、サービスタンク２２内の気層の圧力（飽和蒸気圧力）は約２．１ＭＰａである。なお、サービスタンク２２は例えば２．２ＭＰａまで耐えられるように構成される。 When the LPG is circulated between the engine 11 and the service tank 22 as described later, the temperature of the LPG in the service tank 22 may be higher than the atmospheric temperature. For example, when the temperature of the LPG in the service tank 22 is 60 ° C., the pressure (saturated steam pressure) of the air layer in the service tank 22 is about 2.1 MPa. The service tank 22 is configured to withstand up to 2.2 MPa, for example.

サービスタンク２２は、燃料供給ライン３１および燃料回収ライン４１により推進用エンジン１１と接続されている。燃料供給ライン３１を通じてサービスタンク２２からエンジン１１へＬＰＧが供給され、燃料回収ライン４１を通じてエンジン１１からサービスタンク２２へ未使用のＬＰＧが回収される。換言すれば、サービスタンク２２とエンジン１１との間で、燃料供給ライン３１および燃料回収ライン４１を通じてＬＰＧが循環する。 The service tank 22 is connected to the propulsion engine 11 by a fuel supply line 31 and a fuel recovery line 41. LPG is supplied from the service tank 22 to the engine 11 through the fuel supply line 31, and unused LPG is recovered from the engine 11 to the service tank 22 through the fuel recovery line 41. In other words, LPG circulates between the service tank 22 and the engine 11 through the fuel supply line 31 and the fuel recovery line 41.

燃料供給ライン３１の上流端は、サービスタンク２２の下部へ繋がっている。燃料回収ライン４１の下流端は、サービスタンク２２内で開口している。 The upstream end of the fuel supply line 31 is connected to the lower part of the service tank 22. The downstream end of the fuel recovery line 41 is open in the service tank 22.

エンジン１１は、例えば、ディーゼルサイクルまたはオットーサイクルのレシプロエンジンである。図示は省略するが、エンジン１１は、燃料供給ライン３１の下流端と燃料回収ライン４１の上流端とを接続する主流路と、主流路に互いに並列に接続された複数の燃料噴射弁を含む。 The engine 11 is, for example, a diesel cycle or Otto cycle reciprocating engine. Although not shown, the engine 11 includes a main flow path connecting the downstream end of the fuel supply line 31 and the upstream end of the fuel recovery line 41, and a plurality of fuel injection valves connected in parallel to each other in the main flow path.

燃料供給ライン３１には、上流側から順に、ポンプ３２、加熱器３３および遮断弁３４が設けられている。 The fuel supply line 31 is provided with a pump 32, a heater 33, and a shutoff valve 34 in this order from the upstream side.

中継ライン２６には、ストレージタンク２１からサービスタンク２２へ供給されるＬＰＧを加熱する加熱器２７が設けられている。加熱器３３は、ＬＰＧをエンジン１１の要求温度（例えば、４５℃）まで加熱する。ＬＰＧがエンジン１１に供給されているとき、エンジン１１の燃料消費量Ｑｅに相当する量のＬＰＧがストレージタンク２１からサービスタンク２２へ供給される。加熱器２７は、加熱器３３だけではエンジン１１の要求温度まで加熱することが困難な場合に使用される。なお、加熱器２７は、省略されてもよい。 The relay line 26 is provided with a heater 27 for heating the LPG supplied from the storage tank 21 to the service tank 22. The heater 33 heats the LPG to the required temperature of the engine 11 (for example, 45 ° C.). When the LPG is supplied to the engine 11, an amount of LPG corresponding to the fuel consumption Qe of the engine 11 is supplied from the storage tank 21 to the service tank 22. The heater 27 is used when it is difficult to heat the engine 11 to the required temperature with the heater 33 alone. The heater 27 may be omitted.

燃料回収ライン４１には、上流側から順に、第１圧力調整弁４２、遮断弁４３、冷却器４４および第２圧力調整弁４５が設けられている。冷却器４４は、ＬＰＧを所定の温度（例えば、４０℃）まで冷却する。なお、冷却器４４は省略されてもよい。 The fuel recovery line 41 is provided with a first pressure regulating valve 42, a shutoff valve 43, a cooler 44, and a second pressure regulating valve 45 in this order from the upstream side. The cooler 44 cools the LPG to a predetermined temperature (eg, 40 ° C.). The cooler 44 may be omitted.

燃料供給ライン３１と燃料回収ライン４１とが、第１バイパスライン５１により接続されている。第１バイパスライン５１は、ポンプ３２と遮断弁３４の間、より詳しくは、加熱器３３と遮断弁３４の間で燃料供給ライン３１から分岐し、遮断弁４３および冷却器４４の間で燃料回収ライン４１へ繋がっている。第１バイパスライン５１には、流量制御弁５２が設けられている。 The fuel supply line 31 and the fuel recovery line 41 are connected by a first bypass line 51. The first bypass line 51 branches from the fuel supply line 31 between the pump 32 and the shutoff valve 34, more specifically between the heater 33 and the shutoff valve 34, and recovers fuel between the shutoff valve 43 and the cooler 44. It is connected to line 41. The first bypass line 51 is provided with a flow rate control valve 52.

さらに、本実施形態では、第２バイパスライン５３も採用されている。第２バイパスライン５３は、ポンプ３２と加熱器３３の間で燃料供給ライン３１から分岐し、サービスタンク２２へ繋がっている。第２バイパスライン５３には、流量制御弁５４が設けられている。ただし、第１バイパスライン５１と第２バイパスライン５３のどちらか一方は省略されてもよい。 Further, in the present embodiment, the second bypass line 53 is also adopted. The second bypass line 53 branches from the fuel supply line 31 between the pump 32 and the heater 33 and is connected to the service tank 22. The second bypass line 53 is provided with a flow control valve 54. However, either the first bypass line 51 or the second bypass line 53 may be omitted.

ポンプ３２、遮断弁３４，４３、圧力調整弁４２，４５および流量制御弁５２，５４は、制御装置６により制御される。ただし、図１では、図面の簡略化のために一部の信号線のみを描いている。制御装置６は、例えば、ＲＯＭやＲＡＭなどのメモリとＣＰＵを有するコンピュータであり、ＲＯＭに記憶されたプログラムがＣＰＵにより実行される。制御装置６は、単一の機器であってもよいし、複数の機器（例えば、エンジン制御装置と燃料供給制御装置）に分割されてもよい。 The pump 32, the shutoff valves 34, 43, the pressure regulating valves 42, 45, and the flow rate control valves 52, 54 are controlled by the control device 6. However, in FIG. 1, only a part of the signal lines are drawn for the sake of simplification of the drawing. The control device 6 is, for example, a computer having a memory such as a ROM or a RAM and a CPU, and a program stored in the ROM is executed by the CPU. The control device 6 may be a single device or may be divided into a plurality of devices (for example, an engine control device and a fuel supply control device).

制御装置６は、第１供給圧力計７２、第２供給圧力計７３、回収圧力計７４および流量計８１と電気的に接続されている。流量計８１は、ポンプ３２および流量制御弁５２の制御、特に、ＬＰＧをエンジン１１に供給しているときのＬＰＧ流量制御に使用される。第１供給圧力計７２は、ポンプ３２および流量制御弁５２の制御、特に、ＬＰＧのエンジン１１への供給を停止しているときのＬＰＧ圧力制御に使用される。第２供給圧力計７３は第１圧力調整弁４２の制御に使用され、回収圧力計７４は第２圧力調整弁４５の制御に使用される。 The control device 6 is electrically connected to the first supply pressure gauge 72, the second supply pressure gauge 73, the recovery pressure gauge 74, and the flow meter 81. The flow meter 81 is used for controlling the pump 32 and the flow control valve 52, particularly for controlling the LPG flow rate when the LPG is being supplied to the engine 11. The first supply pressure gauge 72 is used for controlling the pump 32 and the flow rate control valve 52, particularly for controlling the LPG pressure when the supply of the LPG to the engine 11 is stopped. The second supply pressure gauge 73 is used to control the first pressure regulating valve 42, and the recovery pressure gauge 74 is used to control the second pressure regulating valve 45.

流量計８１は、第１バイパスライン５１との分岐点の下流側で燃料供給ライン３１に設けられており、燃料供給ライン３１を通じてエンジン１１へ流入するＬＰＧの供給流量Ｑｉを検出する。 The flow meter 81 is provided in the fuel supply line 31 on the downstream side of the branch point with the first bypass line 51, and detects the supply flow rate Qi of LPG flowing into the engine 11 through the fuel supply line 31.

第１供給圧力計７２は、ポンプ３２の下流側（より詳しくは、加熱器３３の下流側）で燃料供給ライン３１に設けられている。第１供給圧力計７２は、ポンプ３２から供給されるＬＰＧの圧力を検出する。第２供給圧力計７３は、遮断弁３４の下流側で燃料供給ライン３１に設けられており、遮断弁３４を通過してエンジン１１へ供給されるＬＰＧの圧力を検出する。 The first supply pressure gauge 72 is provided on the fuel supply line 31 on the downstream side of the pump 32 (more specifically, on the downstream side of the heater 33). The first supply pressure gauge 72 detects the pressure of the LPG supplied from the pump 32. The second supply pressure gauge 73 is provided in the fuel supply line 31 on the downstream side of the shutoff valve 34, and detects the pressure of the LPG that passes through the shutoff valve 34 and is supplied to the engine 11.

回収圧力計７４は、遮断弁４３と第２圧力調整弁４５の間で燃料回収ライン４１に設けられている。回収圧力計７４は、第１圧力調整弁４２で減圧された後のＬＰＧの圧力を検出する。本実施形態では、回収圧力計７４が冷却器４４の上流側に位置しているが、冷却器４４の下流側に位置してもよい。 The recovery pressure gauge 74 is provided on the fuel recovery line 41 between the shutoff valve 43 and the second pressure control valve 45. The recovery pressure gauge 74 detects the pressure of LPG after the pressure is reduced by the first pressure regulating valve 42. In the present embodiment, the recovery pressure gauge 74 is located on the upstream side of the cooler 44, but may be located on the downstream side of the cooler 44.

ここで、エンジン１１は、ＬＰＧのみを燃料とするエンジンであってもよく、ＬＰＧと重油や軽油といった燃料油とを燃料とする二元燃料エンジンであってもよい。ＬＰＧのみを燃料とするエンジンの場合、ＬＰＧをエンジン１１に供給開始するタイミングは、エンジン１１の運転を開始するタイミングに相当する。ＬＰＧのエンジン１１への供給を停止している期間は、エンジン１１を停止している期間に相当する。二元燃料エンジンの場合、ＬＰＧをエンジン１１に供給開始するタイミングには、エンジン１１の運転を開始するタイミングと、エンジン１１は稼働中であるがエンジン１１に供給される燃料を燃料油からＬＰＧに切り換えるタイミングとが含まれる。ＬＰＧのエンジン１１への供給を停止している期間には、エンジン１１を停止している期間と、エンジン１１が燃料油を燃料に用いて稼働している期間とが含まれる。 Here, the engine 11 may be an engine that uses only LPG as fuel, or may be a dual fuel engine that uses LPG and fuel oil such as heavy oil or light oil as fuel. In the case of an engine using only LPG as fuel, the timing at which LPG is started to be supplied to the engine 11 corresponds to the timing at which the operation of the engine 11 is started. The period during which the supply of LPG to the engine 11 is stopped corresponds to the period during which the engine 11 is stopped. In the case of a dual fuel engine, the timing of starting the supply of LPG to the engine 11 is the timing of starting the operation of the engine 11 and the fuel supplied to the engine 11 although the engine 11 is operating from the fuel oil to the LPG. The timing of switching is included. The period during which the supply of LPG to the engine 11 is stopped includes a period during which the engine 11 is stopped and a period during which the engine 11 is operating using fuel oil as fuel.

遮断弁３４，４３に関し、ＬＰＧのエンジン１１への供給を停止している期間には、制御装置６は、遮断弁３４，４３を閉じる。ＬＰＧをエンジン１１に供給している期間には、制御装置６は、遮断弁３４，４３を開く。エンジン１１の停止中は、遮断弁３４，４３間の流路（燃料供給ライン３１の下流側部分、エンジン１１の主流路および燃料回収ライン４１の上流側部分）が不活性ガスでパージされる。 Regarding the shutoff valves 34 and 43, the control device 6 closes the shutoff valves 34 and 43 during the period when the supply of LPG to the engine 11 is stopped. While the LPG is being supplied to the engine 11, the control device 6 opens the shutoff valves 34 and 43. While the engine 11 is stopped, the flow path between the shutoff valves 34 and 43 (the downstream part of the fuel supply line 31, the main flow path of the engine 11 and the upstream part of the fuel recovery line 41) is purged with the inert gas.

ＬＰＧがエンジン１１に供給されているときには、ＬＰＧの圧力制御、流量制御および温度管理が実行される。 When the LPG is supplied to the engine 11, pressure control, flow rate control and temperature control of the LPG are performed.

ＬＰＧのエンジン供給時におけるＬＰＧの流量制御に関し、制御装置６は、流量計８１によって検出される供給流量Ｑｉがエンジン１１の燃料消費量Ｑｅに応じた所定値Ｖとなるように、ポンプ３２の回転数を制御する。本実施形態では、所定値Ｖは、エンジン１１の燃料消費量Ｑｅに係数Ｃを乗算した値である（Ｖ＝Ｑｅ×Ｃ）。例えば、係数Ｃは、通常は１．１〜１．５０である。係数Ｃは、この数値範囲内で設定される固定値でもよいし、この数値範囲内で可変的に設定されてもよい。 Regarding the flow rate control of LPG when the LPG is supplied to the engine, the control device 6 rotates the pump 32 so that the supply flow rate Qi detected by the flow meter 81 becomes a predetermined value V corresponding to the fuel consumption Qe of the engine 11. Control the number. In the present embodiment, the predetermined value V is a value obtained by multiplying the fuel consumption Qe of the engine 11 by the coefficient C (V = Qe × C). For example, the coefficient C is usually 1.1 to 1.50. The coefficient C may be a fixed value set within this numerical range, or may be variably set within this numerical range.

例えば、制御装置６は、エンジン１１の燃料消費量Ｑｅを、操船者により操作されるテレグラフレバーの操作量に基づいて決定してもよい。あるいは、制御装置６がエンジン１１を制御するエンジン制御装置と、ポンプ３２および各種の弁を制御する燃料供給制御装置とに分割される場合は、燃料供給制御装置がエンジン制御装置で算出された燃料消費量に関する値に基づいてエンジン１１の燃料消費量Ｑｅを決定してもよい。 For example, the control device 6 may determine the fuel consumption Qe of the engine 11 based on the operation amount of the telegraph lever operated by the operator. Alternatively, when the control device 6 is divided into an engine control device that controls the engine 11 and a fuel supply control device that controls the pump 32 and various valves, the fuel supply control device is the fuel calculated by the engine control device. The fuel consumption Qe of the engine 11 may be determined based on the value related to the consumption.

流量計８１で検出された供給流量Ｑｉに基づくポンプ３２の回転数制御の結果、ポンプ３２の回転数が最低回転数となったときには、制御装置６は、流量計８１で検出される供給流量Ｑｉが上述した所定値Ｖとなるように流量制御弁５２，５４のどちらか一方を制御する。具体的には、制御装置６は、エンジン１１の燃料消費量Ｑｅが小さくなるほど流量制御弁５２，５４のどちらか一方の開度を大きくし、エンジン１１に供給されるＬＰＧの流量を減らす。 When the rotation rate of the pump 32 reaches the minimum rotation rate as a result of the rotation rate control of the pump 32 based on the supply flow rate Qi detected by the flow meter 81, the control device 6 controls the supply flow rate Qi detected by the flow meter 81. Either one of the flow rate control valves 52 and 54 is controlled so that the above-mentioned predetermined value V is obtained. Specifically, the control device 6 increases the opening degree of either one of the flow rate control valves 52 and 54 as the fuel consumption Qe of the engine 11 becomes smaller, and reduces the flow rate of LPG supplied to the engine 11.

ＬＰＧの流量が燃料消費量に応じて調整されるようにポンプ３２の回転数および流量制御弁５２を制御するので、ＬＰＧのエンジン１１への過剰供給を抑制できる。ＬＰＧの温度は、ＬＰＧがエンジン１１を通過するときにエンジン１１から入熱して上昇する。バイパスライン５１，５３を設けたことで、燃料回収ライン４１を備えた船舶１において燃料タンク２（サービスタンク２２）内のＬＰＧの温度の過上昇を抑制できる。 Since the rotation speed of the pump 32 and the flow rate control valve 52 are controlled so that the flow rate of LPG is adjusted according to the fuel consumption, it is possible to suppress an excessive supply of LPG to the engine 11. The temperature of LPG rises due to heat input from the engine 11 as the LPG passes through the engine 11. By providing the bypass lines 51 and 53, it is possible to suppress an excessive rise in the temperature of the LPG in the fuel tank 2 (service tank 22) in the ship 1 provided with the fuel recovery line 41.

ＬＰＧの温度は、ＬＰＧがエンジン１１を通過することによって少し高くなる（例えば、５５℃）。従って、第１圧力調整弁４２で減圧されたＬＰＧが気化することを防ぐために、制御装置６は、回収圧力計７４で検出される圧力が、想定される最大温度における飽和蒸気圧力よりも高い設定値（例えば、２．０ＭＰａ）となるように第２圧力調整弁４５を制御する。 The temperature of the LPG rises slightly as the LPG passes through the engine 11 (eg, 55 ° C.). Therefore, in order to prevent the LPG decompressed by the first pressure regulating valve 42 from vaporizing, the control device 6 sets the pressure detected by the recovery pressure gauge 74 to be higher than the saturated steam pressure at the assumed maximum temperature. The second pressure regulating valve 45 is controlled so as to have a value (for example, 2.0 MPa).

ＬＰＧのエンジン供給時におけるＬＰＧの圧力制御に関し、制御装置６は、第２供給圧力計７３で検出される圧力がエンジン１１の要求圧力（例えば、５．０〜６．０ＭＰａ）となるように第１圧力調整弁４２を制御する。この要求圧力は、燃料を適正に噴射するため、ひいては、エンジン１１を円滑に運転させるために必要とされる圧力である。 Regarding the pressure control of LPG when the LPG is supplied to the engine, the control device 6 sets the pressure detected by the second supply pressure gauge 73 to be the required pressure of the engine 11 (for example, 5.0 to 6.0 MPa). 1 Controls the pressure control valve 42. This required pressure is a pressure required for proper injection of fuel and, by extension, for smooth operation of the engine 11.

ＬＰＧのエンジン１１への供給を停止しているときにも、ＬＰＧの圧力制御が実行される。ただし、ＬＰＧ供給停止中に常にこの圧力制御が実行されるわけではない。二元燃料エンジンでは、例えば、軽油の使用中に実行される。このとき、エンジン１１へのＬＰＧの供給開始に備えて、ＬＰＧ用のエンジン主流路にＬＰＧが充填されていてもよい。ＬＰＧのみを燃料とするエンジンでは、例えば、スタンバイ期間中に実行される。なお、ＬＰＧのみを燃料とするエンジンでは、このスタンバイ期間中に不活性ガスによるパージが行われてもよい。 The pressure control of the LPG is also executed even when the supply of the LPG to the engine 11 is stopped. However, this pressure control is not always executed while the LPG supply is stopped. In a dual fuel engine, for example, it is run during the use of light oil. At this time, the LPG may be filled in the engine main flow path for the LPG in preparation for the start of supply of the LPG to the engine 11. In an LPG-only fueled engine, for example, it runs during the standby period. In an engine using only LPG as fuel, purging with an inert gas may be performed during this standby period.

遮断弁３４，４３を閉弁してＬＰＧの供給を停止している期間におけるＬＰＧの圧力制御に関し、制御装置６は、ポンプ３２を作動させると共に流量制御弁５２および／または流量制御弁５４を開弁させる。それにより、ストレージタンク２２内のＬＰＧが、燃料供給ライン３１、第１バイパスライン５１および燃料回収ライン４１を介し、エンジン１１を経由せず、ストレージタンク２２に戻される。かつ／または、ストレージタンク２２内のＬＰＧが、燃料供給ライン３１および第２バイパスライン５３を介し、エンジン１１を経由せず、ストレージタンク２２に戻される。制御装置６は、第１供給圧力計７２によって検出されるＬＰＧの供給圧力を要求圧力（例えば、５．０〜６．０ＭＰａ）に保つように、ポンプ３２の回転数および流量制御弁５２，５４を制御する。なお、第１供給圧力計７２は、ポンプ３２の下流側かつ遮断弁３４の上流側で燃料供給ライン３１に設けられており、第１バイパスライン５１の分岐点も同様にして遮断弁３４の上流側に配置されているので、還流するＬＰＧの圧力を検出可能である。 Regarding the pressure control of LPG during the period when the shutoff valves 34 and 43 are closed and the supply of LPG is stopped, the control device 6 operates the pump 32 and opens the flow control valve 52 and / or the flow control valve 54. Let me speak. As a result, the LPG in the storage tank 22 is returned to the storage tank 22 via the fuel supply line 31, the first bypass line 51, and the fuel recovery line 41, not via the engine 11. And / or the LPG in the storage tank 22 is returned to the storage tank 22 via the fuel supply line 31 and the second bypass line 53, not via the engine 11. The control device 6 keeps the supply pressure of LPG detected by the first supply pressure gauge 72 at the required pressure (for example, 5.0 to 6.0 MPa), so that the rotation speed of the pump 32 and the flow rate control valves 52, 54 To control. The first supply pressure gauge 72 is provided on the fuel supply line 31 on the downstream side of the pump 32 and on the upstream side of the shutoff valve 34, and the branch point of the first bypass line 51 is also upstream of the shutoff valve 34. Since it is located on the side, the pressure of the recirculating LPG can be detected.

一例として、ポンプ３２の回転数は最低回転数に維持され、流量制御弁５２は、検出される圧力が要求圧力を上回ると開度を大きくし、検出される圧力が要求圧力を下回ると開度を小さくする。 As an example, the rotation speed of the pump 32 is maintained at the minimum rotation speed, the flow control valve 52 increases the opening degree when the detected pressure exceeds the required pressure, and the opening degree increases when the detected pressure falls below the required pressure. To make it smaller.

このような圧力制御が実行されている状況下で、遮断弁３４，４３を閉弁状態から開弁状態に切り換えると、切換え当初から遮断弁３４の上流側においてＬＰＧの供給圧力が要求圧力に達している。このため、その後は、遮断弁３４の下流側（特に、遮断弁３４，４３間）の昇圧のみが必要であり、遮断弁３４，４３を開いてから速やかにエンジン１１への供給圧力を安定させることができる。圧力が安定すれば、ＬＰＧを使用した運転に切り換えることができることから、ＬＰＧを使用した運転を円滑迅速に開始できる。 When the shutoff valves 34 and 43 are switched from the closed state to the open state under the situation where such pressure control is executed, the supply pressure of LPG reaches the required pressure on the upstream side of the shutoff valve 34 from the beginning of the switching. ing. Therefore, after that, it is only necessary to boost the pressure on the downstream side of the shutoff valve 34 (particularly between the shutoff valves 34 and 43), and immediately stabilize the supply pressure to the engine 11 after opening the shutoff valves 34 and 43. be able to. If the pressure is stable, it is possible to switch to the operation using LPG, so that the operation using LPG can be started smoothly and quickly.

ポンプ３２の回転数および流量制御弁５２，５４の開度は、ＬＰＧを供給していないときには圧力制御に用いられ、ＬＰＧを供給しているときには流量制御に用いられる。制御装置６は、第１圧力調整弁４２を操作してエンジン１１に供給される圧力を制御するので、流量制御弁５２，５４およびポンプ３２の回転数を流量制御に用いながら、供給圧力の制御も同時に実現できる。 The rotation speed of the pump 32 and the opening degrees of the flow rate control valves 52 and 54 are used for pressure control when LPG is not being supplied, and are used for flow rate control when LPG is being supplied. Since the control device 6 operates the first pressure adjusting valve 42 to control the pressure supplied to the engine 11, the control device 6 controls the supply pressure while using the rotation speeds of the flow rate control valves 52 and 54 and the pump 32 for the flow rate control. Can be realized at the same time.

（変形例）
本発明は上述した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変形が可能である。 (Modification example)
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

例えば、図２に示すように、流量計８１が遮断弁４３の上流側で燃料回収ライン４１に設けられ、燃料回収ライン４１を通じてエンジン１１から流出するＬＰＧの回収流量Ｑｏを検出してもよい。すなわち、制御装置６は、流量計８１で検出される回収流量Ｑｏがエンジン１１の燃料消費量Ｑｅに応じた所定値Ｖ’となるように、ポンプ３２および流量制御弁５２を制御してもよい。この場合、所定値Ｖ’は、例えば、エンジン１１の燃料消費量Ｑｅに通常は０．１〜０．５０の係数Ｃを乗算した値である。 For example, as shown in FIG. 2, a flow meter 81 may be provided in the fuel recovery line 41 on the upstream side of the shutoff valve 43, and the recovery flow rate Qo of LPG flowing out of the engine 11 may be detected through the fuel recovery line 41. That is, the control device 6 may control the pump 32 and the flow rate control valve 52 so that the recovery flow rate Qo detected by the flow meter 81 becomes a predetermined value V'according to the fuel consumption Qe of the engine 11. .. In this case, the predetermined value V'is, for example, a value obtained by multiplying the fuel consumption Qe of the engine 11 by a coefficient C of usually 0.1 to 0.50.

また、所定値Ｖ，Ｖ´は必ずしも一定である必要はなく、制御装置６は、ポンプ３２の回転数が最低回転数となったときに、所定値Ｖ，Ｖ´を増加させてもよい。例えば、図１に示す構成では、所定値Ｖを１．１×Ｑｅから１１．０×Ｑｅまでの範囲内の流量まで増加させてもよい。あるいは、図２に示す構成では、所定値Ｖ´を０．１×Ｑｅから１０．０×Ｑｅまでの範囲内の流量まで増加させてもよい。 Further, the predetermined values V and V'do not necessarily have to be constant, and the control device 6 may increase the predetermined values V and V'when the rotation speed of the pump 32 reaches the minimum rotation speed. For example, in the configuration shown in FIG. 1, the predetermined value V may be increased to a flow rate within the range of 1.1 × Qe to 11.0 × Qe. Alternatively, in the configuration shown in FIG. 2, the predetermined value V'may be increased to a flow rate within the range of 0.1 × Qe to 10.0 × Qe.

ポンプ３２の回転数が最低回転数となったときに所定値Ｖ，Ｖ’が一定であり、かつ、第２バイパスライン５３に設けられた流量制御弁５４が開かれる場合には、ポンプ３２の吐出流量Ｑから所定値Ｖ，Ｖ’を差し引いた余剰分が、第２バイパスライン５３を通じてサービスタンク２２へ返送される。その余剰分は、ポンプ３２で熱を受けているために、サービスタンク２２内のＬＰＧの温度が上昇する。これに対し、ポンプ３２の回転数が最低回転数となったときに所定値Ｖ，Ｖ’を増加させれば、第２バイパスライン５３を通じてサービスタンク２２へ返送されるＬＰＧを減少させることができる。一方、所定値Ｖ，Ｖ’の増加によってエンジン１１を通過するＬＰＧも増加するが、この増加した分は燃料回収ライン４１に設けられた冷却器４４によって冷却される。従って、サービスタンク２２内のＬＰＧの温度の上昇を抑制することができる。 When the predetermined values V and V'are constant when the rotation speed of the pump 32 reaches the minimum rotation speed and the flow rate control valve 54 provided in the second bypass line 53 is opened, the pump 32 The surplus obtained by subtracting the predetermined values V and V'from the discharge flow rate Q is returned to the service tank 22 through the second bypass line 53. Since the surplus is heated by the pump 32, the temperature of the LPG in the service tank 22 rises. On the other hand, if the predetermined values V and V'are increased when the rotation speed of the pump 32 reaches the minimum rotation speed, the LPG returned to the service tank 22 through the second bypass line 53 can be reduced. .. On the other hand, as the predetermined values V and V'increase, the LPG passing through the engine 11 also increases, and this increased amount is cooled by the cooler 44 provided in the fuel recovery line 41. Therefore, it is possible to suppress an increase in the temperature of LPG in the service tank 22.

また、図２に示すように、第２供給圧力計７３を省略してもよい。この場合、第１供給圧力計７２の検出圧力を用いて第１圧力調整弁４２が制御される。 Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the second supply pressure gauge 73 may be omitted. In this case, the first pressure adjusting valve 42 is controlled by using the detected pressure of the first supply pressure gauge 72.

また、前記実施形態では、ＬＰＧの供給停止時の圧力制御において、ポンプ３２の回転数を最低回転数の一定値に制御したが、ポンプ３２の回転数は、その他の一定値に制御されてもよいし、温度や燃料タンク２内の気層の圧力に応じて可変的に設定されてもよい。 Further, in the above embodiment, in the pressure control when the supply of LPG is stopped, the rotation speed of the pump 32 is controlled to a constant value of the minimum rotation speed, but the rotation speed of the pump 32 may be controlled to another constant value. Alternatively, it may be variably set according to the temperature and the pressure of the air layer in the fuel tank 2.

また、前記実施形態では、燃料タンク２がストレージタンク２１とサービスタンク２２で構成されていたが、ストレージタンク２１が省略され、燃料タンク２がサービスタンク２２のみで構成されてもよい。すなわち、サービスタンク２２内にＬＰＧ供給源から直接的にＬＰＧが導入されてもよい。しかし、前記実施形態のような構成であれば、燃料タンク２をＬＰＧ導入用のストレージタンク２１とＬＰＧ循環用のサービスタンク２２とに分けることができる。 Further, in the above embodiment, the fuel tank 2 is composed of the storage tank 21 and the service tank 22, but the storage tank 21 may be omitted and the fuel tank 2 may be composed of only the service tank 22. That is, LPG may be introduced directly into the service tank 22 from the LPG supply source. However, with the configuration as in the embodiment, the fuel tank 2 can be divided into a storage tank 21 for introducing LPG and a service tank 22 for circulating LPG.

１ 船舶
２ 燃料タンク
６ 制御装置
１１ 推進用エンジン
３１ 燃料供給ライン
３２ ポンプ
３４ 遮断弁
４１ 燃料回収ライン
４２ 第１圧力調整弁
４３ 遮断弁
５１ 第１バイパスライン
５２ 流量制御弁
５３ 第２バイパスライン
５４ 流量制御弁
７２ 第１供給圧力計
８１ 流量計
Ｑｅ 燃料消費量
Ｑｉ 流入流量
Ｑｏ 流出流量 1 Ship 2 Fuel tank 6 Control device 11 Propulsion engine 31 Fuel supply line 32 Pump 34 Shutoff valve 41 Fuel recovery line 42 First pressure control valve 43 Shutoff valve 51 First bypass line 52 Flow control valve 53 Second bypass line 54 Flow rate Control valve 72 1st supply pressure gauge 81 Flow meter Qe Fuel consumption Qi Inflow flow rate Qo Outflow flow rate

Claims (2)

ＬＰＧを貯留する燃料タンクと、
ＬＰＧを燃料とする推進用エンジンと、
前記燃料タンクから前記エンジンへＬＰＧを供給する燃料供給ラインと、
前記燃料供給ラインに設けられたポンプと、
前記ポンプの下流側で前記燃料供給ラインに設けられた遮断弁と、
前記エンジンから前記燃料タンクへ未使用のＬＰＧを回収する燃料回収ラインと、
前記ポンプと前記遮断弁の間で前記燃料供給ラインから分岐して前記燃料回収ラインまたは前記燃料タンクへ繋がるバイパスラインと、
前記バイパスラインに設けられた流量制御弁と、
前記ポンプの下流側かつ前記遮断弁の上流側で前記燃料供給ラインに設けられ、前記ポンプから供給されるＬＰＧの圧力を検出する圧力計と、
前記燃料供給ラインを通じて前記エンジンへ流入するＬＰＧの供給流量または前記燃料回収ラインを通じて前記エンジンから流出するＬＰＧの回収流量を検出する流量計と、
前記ポンプの回転数および前記流量制御弁を制御する制御装置と、を備え、
前記遮断弁を閉弁してＬＰＧの前記エンジンへの供給を停止しているときに、前記制御装置は、前記圧力計によって検出されるＬＰＧの圧力を前記エンジンの運転に必要な要求圧力に保つように前記ポンプの回転数および／または前記流量制御弁を制御し、
前記遮断弁を開弁してＬＰＧを前記エンジンに供給するときに、前記制御装置は、前記流量計によって検出される流量が前記エンジンの燃料消費量に応じた所定値となるように前記ポンプの回転数および前記流量制御弁を制御する、船舶。
A fuel tank that stores LPG and
A propulsion engine that uses LPG as fuel,
A fuel supply line that supplies LPG from the fuel tank to the engine,
With the pump installed in the fuel supply line,
A shutoff valve provided in the fuel supply line on the downstream side of the pump,
A fuel recovery line that recovers unused LPG from the engine to the fuel tank,
A bypass line that branches from the fuel supply line between the pump and the shutoff valve and connects to the fuel recovery line or the fuel tank.
The flow control valve provided on the bypass line and
A pressure gauge provided in the fuel supply line on the downstream side of the pump and upstream of the shutoff valve to detect the pressure of LPG supplied from the pump.
A flow meter that detects the supply flow rate of LPG flowing into the engine through the fuel supply line or the recovery flow rate of LPG flowing out of the engine through the fuel recovery line.
A control device for controlling the rotation speed of the pump and the flow rate control valve is provided.
When the shutoff valve is closed to stop the supply of LPG to the engine, the control device keeps the pressure of LPG detected by the pressure gauge at the required pressure required for operating the engine. To control the rotation speed of the pump and / or the flow control valve so as to
When the shutoff valve is opened and LPG is supplied to the engine, the control device controls the pump so that the flow rate detected by the flow meter becomes a predetermined value according to the fuel consumption of the engine. A ship that controls the number of revolutions and the flow rate control valve.
 前記バイパスラインの合流点の上流側で前記燃料回収ラインに設けられた圧力調整弁を備え、
前記遮断弁を開弁してＬＰＧを前記エンジンに供給するときに、前記制御装置は、前記圧力調整弁を操作して前記エンジンに供給されるＬＰＧの圧力を制御する、請求項１に記載の船舶。 A pressure regulating valve provided in the fuel recovery line is provided on the upstream side of the confluence of the bypass line.
The first aspect of the present invention, wherein when the shutoff valve is opened and the LPG is supplied to the engine, the control device operates the pressure adjusting valve to control the pressure of the LPG supplied to the engine. Ship.
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