JP6976245B2 - 連続法による化学反応を行うための装置 - Google Patents
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Description
−反応器は連続運転に適している;
−反応器の選択性及び生成物の品質が高い;
−反応器は安全に運転できる;
−安全評価を簡単に行うことができる;
−最低限の反応器体積で最大のターンオーバーを達成することができる;
−反応が点火する場所をモニターすることができる。
−浸漬深さ、
−センサの断熱材、直径、長さ等のセンサの設計、
−生成物の特性、及び
−生成物の流量、
に大きく依存する。
−反応器の全体のフロー及び粘度範囲にわたる、即ちすべての反応器区画にわたる、反応器内のフローの方向zのプラグフロー、
−供給フローと、希釈フロー及び/又は添加物フローとの、軸方向の即時混合、
−非常に短い混合時間の設定、
−コンパクトで正確な流量測定による、制御された再循環係数又は希釈係数y、
−反応によって誘起される体積収縮が無い。
急速発熱反応の断熱温度上昇は、250Kであり、ターンオーバーUAは100%とする。この場合、ターンオーバーは数値的に計算できるので、一次反応が前提とされる。
エダクトの80%は、好ましくは、反応器入口P1と再循環出口P2との間の領域で変換され、200Kの断熱温度上昇を引き起こす。必要な希釈係数は、式(7)を用いて計算することもできる。ここで、希釈係数yは、以下の計算が示すように3.0である。:
2 第2の反応器区画
3 第3の反応器区画
4 第4の反応器区画
5 添加物供給口
6 保護チューブ
7 第1の温度センサ
7’ 第2の温度センサ
8 断熱材
P1 反応器入口
P2 再循環出口
P3 反応器出口
A ミキサー断面
D センサの直径
z 主フロー方向
y 希釈係数
T 局所反応温度
Claims (20)
- 連続法による化学反応を行うための装置であって、
前記装置は、フローの方向を規定する少なくとも2つの反応器区画を備える反応器を含み、
前記反応器は、前記フローの方向に沿ってプラグフロー特性を有し、
第1の地点で前記反応器から部分フローを引き出し、前記部分フローを前記フローの方向において前記第1の地点より上流に位置する第2の地点で前記反応器に戻すための再循環ラインが設けられ、
所定の温度範囲を超える前記反応器内の温度上昇を防止する少なくとも1つの手段が設けられ、
前記手段は、前記反応器の温度又は温度変化を測定する、少なくとも1つの温度センサを含み、
前記温度センサによって測定された値に従って前記再循環ラインの再循環率を制御する制御ユニットが設けられている、前記装置。 - 前記少なくとも1つの手段が、50Kを超える温度変化を防止する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記フローの方向に連続して配置された複数の温度センサが設けられている、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数の温度センサの少なくとも一部が保護チューブ内にまとまって配置される、請求項3に記載の装置。
- 前記複数の温度センサからの信号に基づいて、前記反応器内での反応が開始された、前記フローの方向に沿った局所位置を決定するための評価ユニットが設けられている、請求項3又は4に記載の装置。
- 前記再循環ラインは、制御可能なポンプを介して前記反応器に接続される、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記反応器区画のうち少なくとも1つが、ミキサー熱交換器である、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記少なくとも2つの反応器区画が、前記フローの方向に第1番目に存在する第1の反応器区画と、前記フローの方向に第2番目に存在する第2の反応器区画と、を含み、
前記再循環ラインは、前記第1の反応器区画又は前記第2の反応器区画から、前記フローの方向に戻るように導かれる、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の装置。 - 前記再循環ラインは、前記装置の反応器の反応器入口に戻るように導かれる、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記再循環ラインは、反応流体が少なくとも30%の変換率を有する前記反応器の地点で引き出され、前記反応流体は、前記装置の反応器の出口で80%より大きい変換率を有する、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記装置の反応器の反応器入口と、前記装置の反応器の反応器出口とをさらに含み、前記反応器入口、前記反応器出口、及び前記再循環ラインは、1m当たり20を超えるボーデンシュタイン数を有する、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記再循環ラインが、プラグフロー特性を有する、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の装置の反応器であって、前記反応器が少なくとも2つの反応器区画を有し、部分フローの再循環のための再循環ラインを備えている、反応器。
- 前記少なくとも2つの反応器区画がフローの方向を規定し、前記反応器が前記フローの方向に沿ったプラグフロー特性を有し、前記再循環ラインが、第1の地点で前記反応器から部分フローを引き出し、前記部分フローを前記フローの方向において前記第1の地点より上流に位置する第2の地点で前記反応器に戻すように構成されている、請求項13に記載の反応器。
- 前記反応器が、前記反応器内の温度及び/又は温度変化を測定するための、複数の温度センサを有する、請求項13又は14に記載の反応器。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の装置の制御ユニットであって、前記温度センサによって測定された温度の値の信号に従って、再循環ラインの再循環率を制御する、前記制御ユニット。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の装置又は請求項13若しくは15に記載の反応器中で、連続法で化学反応を行う方法であって、プラグフロー中の反応器内の材料フローが、フローの方向に連続的に供給され、前記材料フローの一部は、前記反応器の反応器出口からある距離をおいて、前記反応器から少なくとも一時的に引き出され、前記反応器の上流でフロー方向に戻され、所定の温度変化を超える、前記反応器の温度上昇を防止する再循環率が選択される方法。
- 前記反応器の50Kを超える温度上昇を防止する再循環率が選択される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- ヒドロシリル化、エステル化、ニトロ化、ジアゾ化、中和、転位、アルキル化、ハロゲン化、水和、酸化、又は重合を行うための、請求項17又は18に記載の方法。
- 化学反応を行うための、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の装置又は請求項13〜15のいずれかに記載の反応器の使用。
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