JP6974267B2 - Flush toilet system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a flush toilet system.

For example, Patent Document 1 describes a toilet system in which wastewater from a toilet is biologically treated to separate it into treated water and sludge, and the treated water is circulated as water for washing, so that the wastewater from the toilet is reused as washing water. Is disclosed.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-204629

In the toilet system disclosed in Patent Document 1, sludge is fermented to generate methane gas, and hydrogen gas obtained by reforming this methane gas is used as fuel for a fuel cell to generate electricity for equipment such as a pump. Is getting. However, since the amount of methane gas obtained by fermentation of sludge is small, it is not possible to obtain sufficient electric power to operate equipment such as pumps, and it is difficult to operate the toilet independently.

In view of the above facts, an object of the present invention is to provide a flush toilet system capable of operating a flush toilet independently even when a power failure or a water pipe is damaged due to a disaster or the like.

The water-washing toilet system according to claim 1 comprises a raw material tank for storing a biogas raw material, a sewage treatment means for separating sewage generated by using the toilet into medium water and sludge, and the biogas raw material and the sludge. A fermenter that fertilizes to generate biogas, a pump that supplies the medium water to the toilet, and a generator that generates electric power using the biogas and supplies the electric power to the sludge treatment means and the pump. And have.

According to the above configuration, electric power can be generated from biogas by fermenting the biogas raw material stored in the raw material tank to generate biogas. Using this power, the sewage generated by using the toilet is separated into medium water and sludge by sewage treatment means, and by supplying the medium water to the toilet with a pump, the medium water is reused as toilet water and sludge. Can be used as a raw material for biogas. As a result, even if a power failure occurs or the water pipes are damaged due to a disaster or the like, the flush toilet can be operated independently.

The flush toilet system according to claim 2 is the flush toilet system according to claim 1, further comprising sludge concentrating means for concentrating the sludge separated by the sewage treatment means.

According to the above configuration, the sludge separated by the sludge treatment means is further concentrated by the sludge concentrating means, so that the efficiency in fermenting the sludge to generate biogas can be improved.

The flush toilet system according to claim 3 is the flush toilet system according to claim 1 or 2, and heats the fermenter using the waste heat generated when the electric power is generated by the generator. It also has a heating device.

According to the above configuration, the waste heat can be effectively utilized by heating the fermenter by using the waste heat generated when the electric power is generated by the generator.

According to the building according to the present invention, the flush toilet can be operated independently even in the case of a power outage or damage to the water pipes due to a disaster or the like.

It is an overall view of the flush toilet system which concerns on an example of Embodiment. It is a flow figure which shows the processing procedure in normal times of the flush toilet system which concerns on an example of embodiment. It is a flow chart which shows the treatment procedure at the time of a disaster of the flush toilet system which concerns on an example of embodiment.

Hereinafter, the flush toilet system according to an example of the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.

(Flow in normal times)
First, the configuration of the flush toilet system 10 of the present embodiment and the normal processing procedure (normal operation mode) will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

As shown in FIG. 1, the flush toilet system 10 of the present embodiment is provided in a structure 12 such as a high-rise building, and is roughly divided into a power generation system 14 and a sewage treatment system 16. The power generation system 14 includes a screen 18, a raw material tank 20, a fermenter tank 22, and a generator 24.

Moisturized kitchen waste (hereinafter referred to as “organic waste”) generated in the kitchen facility or the like in the structure 12 is first sent to the screen 18. A disposer 26 is installed in the kitchen facility, for example, and the organic waste is sent to the screen 18 in a state of being crushed by the disposer 26.

The screen 18 has a plurality of gaps of a certain size, in which the organic waste is separated into a solid component larger than the gap and a fine solid component and water smaller than the gap. Further, the solid component larger than the gap of the organic waste separated by the screen 18 is stored as a biogas raw material in the raw material tank 20 provided downstream of the screen 18.

The raw material tank 20 includes a water level gauge (not shown) that detects the amount (water level) of organic waste (biogas raw material) and a pump 28 that supplies the organic waste stored in the raw material tank 20 to the fermenter 22. The amount of organic waste supplied to the fermenter 22 is adjusted so that a certain amount (for example, 3 to 7 days) of organic waste is always stored in the raw material tank 20. There is.

In the fermenter 22, combustible gas containing methane (hereinafter referred to as "biogas") is generated by fermenting organic waste as a raw material for biogas. The inside of the fermenter 22 is maintained at a temperature condition suitable for fermentation of 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. in the case of high temperature fermentation and 30 ° C. to 40 ° C. in the case of medium temperature fermentation by the heating device 30.

The generated biogas is sent to the generator 24, and the water (residual water) remaining after fermentation is sent to the water treatment tank 46 of the first sewage treatment means 36, which will be described later, via the discharge valve 32. The discharge valve 32 is a three-way valve, and the discharge valve 32 is connected to a communication passage 33 that connects the fermenter 22 and the adjustment tank 34 described later.

In the generator 24, electric power is generated by burning the biogas supplied from the fermenter 22. The generated electric power is supplied to the pump 28, the blower 62 of the second sewage treatment means 38 described later, the pump 66, and the like. Further, the waste heat generated during power generation is supplied to the heating device 30 and used for heating the fermenter 22.

The sewage treatment system 16 includes an adjusting tank 34, a first sewage treatment means 36, a second sewage treatment means 38, and a sewage tank 40.

The wastewater containing organic waste from the washing place 42 of the kitchen facility in the structure 12 and the fine solid components and water of the organic waste separated by the screen 18 are stored in the adjusting tank 34. Further, the wastewater and the like stored in the adjusting tank 34 are treated by the first sewage treatment means 36. In the present embodiment, the first sewage treatment means 36 has, for example, a floating tank 44 and a water treatment tank 46.

In the floating tank 44, sludge contained in the wastewater is floated and separated by a pressurized flotation method. Specifically, air is compressed and dissolved in the drainage in the floating tank 44 by a pressure pump (not shown), and sludge in the drainage is attached to fine bubbles to float. The separated sludge is sucked by a suction pump (not shown) and sent to the raw material tank 20 for use as a biogas raw material.

On the other hand, the wastewater remaining in the floating tank 44 is sent to the water treatment tank 46. The carrier 46A to which the microorganism is attached is held in the water treatment tank 46, and the wastewater is biologically treated in the water treatment tank 46. The treated wastewater is discharged to the sewage via the discharge valve 48.

The first sewage treatment means 36 may have a tank other than the floating tank 44 and the water treatment tank 46, or may be provided with a plurality of floating tanks 44 to gradually separate the sludge in the wastewater. good. Further, the sludge may be separated by a natural flotation method or a settling method instead of the pressurized flotation method. The method for treating wastewater by the first sewage treatment means 36 is not limited to the above method, and other known aerobic treatment methods and the like can be used.

The miscellaneous wastewater from the wash basin 50 or the like in the structure 12 is treated by the second sewage treatment means 38 after the large solid matter such as dust is removed by the screen 52. In the present embodiment, the second sewage treatment means 38 is configured to treat sewage by the membrane separation activated sludge method, and includes, for example, a temporary storage tank 54, an oxygen-free tank 56, and a membrane separation tank 58. doing.

The miscellaneous wastewater from the wash basin 50 and the like is temporarily stored in the temporary storage tank 54, then denitrified in the oxygen-free tank 56, and biologically treated in the membrane separation tank 58 to form greywater and sludge. Is separated into. The membrane separation tank 58 is provided with a separation membrane 60 having fine holes and an air diffuser 64 connected to the blower 62, and the blower 62 blows air into the membrane separation tank 58 via the air diffuser 64. By supplying the microorganisms, the microorganisms are activated and the treatment of miscellaneous wastewater in the membrane separation tank 58 is promoted.

The second sewage treatment means 38 may be configured to treat sewage by another known aerobic treatment method or the like, and is a tank other than the temporary storage tank 54, the oxygen-free tank 56, and the membrane separation tank 58. May have.

The reclaimed water filtered by the separation membrane 60 is supplied to the toilet 68 by the pump 66 and used as toilet water. A rainwater introduction path 72 provided with an introduction valve 70 is connected to the toilet 68, and the rainwater introduced from the rainwater introduction path 72 can be used as toilet water together with the reclaimed water.

On the other hand, the sludge accumulated at the bottoms of the temporary storage tank 54, the oxygen-free tank 56, and the membrane separation tank 58 of the second sewage treatment means 38 is sent to the adjusting tank 34 via the discharge valve 74. The discharge valve 74 is a three-way valve, and the discharge valve 74 is connected to a communication passage 78 that connects the second sewage treatment means 38 and the raw material tank 20 via a pressurized flotation device 76.

Further, the sewage generated by using the toilet 68 in the structure 12 is temporarily stored in the sewage tank 40 and discharged to the sewage via the discharge valve 80. The discharge valve 80 is a three-way valve, and the discharge valve 80 is connected to a communication passage 82 that connects the sewage tank 40 and the second sewage treatment means 38 via the screen 52.

The flush toilet system 10 of the present embodiment has a control device (not shown) that controls the pumps 28, 66, the blower 62, the introduction valve 70, the discharge valves 32, 48, 74, 80, and the like. It is possible to switch between normal operation mode and disaster operation mode by the control device.

(Flow at the time of disaster)
Next, a treatment procedure (disaster operation mode) at the time of a disaster of the flush toilet system 10 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3.

When a power failure or damage to the water pipes is caused by a disaster or the like, the flush toilet system 10 of the present embodiment is switched to the disaster operation mode. Specifically, the introduction valve 70 and the discharge valve 48 are closed by the control device, and the discharge valves 32, 74, and 80 are switched. As a result, the sewage (drainage) is prevented from being discharged to the sewage, and the treatment route is changed as shown by the dotted arrow in FIGS. 1 and 3.

A certain amount of organic waste is always stored as a biogas raw material in the raw material tank 20. Therefore, in the event of a power outage due to a disaster or the like, first, the organic waste stored in the raw material tank 20 is fermented in the fermenter tank 22 to generate biogas, and the generated biogas is fueled by the generator 24. Generate electricity.

Then, the electric power generated by the generator 24 is supplied to the equipment necessary for maintaining the function of the flush toilet system 10, such as the pumps 28 and 66 and the blower 62 of the second sewage treatment means 38, to operate the equipment. Let me. Further, the waste heat generated during power generation is supplied to the heating device 30 and used for heating the fermenter 22. The water remaining after fermentation (residual water) is sent to the adjusting tank 34 via the connecting passage 33 and stored in the adjusting tank 34.

On the other hand, the sewage generated by the use of the toilet 68 in the structure 12 is temporarily stored in the sewage tank 40 and then sent to the second sewage treatment means 38 via the communication passage 82 and the screen 52. 2 It is biologically treated by the sewage treatment means 38 and separated into medium water and sludge.

The separated reclaimed water is supplied to the toilet 68 by the pump 66 and used as toilet water. Further, the separated sludge is sent to the pressurized flotation device 76 via the communication passage 78. The pressurized flotation device 76 is an example of sludge concentrating means, and concentrates sludge by separating water from sludge by the above-mentioned pressurized flotation method. The sludge concentrated by the pressurized flotation device 76 (concentrated sludge) is sucked by a suction pump (not shown) and sent to the raw material tank 20 for use as a biogas raw material.

(Action and effect)
According to the flush toilet system 10 of the present embodiment, in the power generation system 14, the biogas raw material stored in the raw material tank 20 is fermented to generate biogas, and electric power is generated from the biogas to generate the flush toilet. It is possible to self-sufficient the electric power of the equipment necessary for maintaining the function of the system 10.

In particular, according to the present embodiment, since a certain amount of organic waste is always stored in the raw material tank 20 as a biogas raw material, even if a power failure occurs due to a disaster or the like, until the electric power is restored (for example,). 3-7 days), the required electricity can be continuously generated using the biogas raw material. As a result, the equipment of the flush toilet system 10 can be operated without relying on other emergency generators or the like.

Further, according to the flush toilet system 10 of the present embodiment, by switching to the disaster operation mode, the sewage generated by the use of the toilet 68 can be separated into the reclaimed water and the sludge in the sewage treatment system 16.

Therefore, even if the reclaimed water pipe is damaged due to a disaster or the like and the water is cut off, or if the reclaimed water pipe is damaged and the sewage cannot be discharged, the separated reclaimed water can be supplied to the toilet 68 by the pump 66. The water can be reused as toilet water, and the separated sludge can be used as a biogas raw material. That is, according to the flush toilet system 10 of the present embodiment, the flush toilet can be operated independently even when a power failure or a water pipe is damaged due to a disaster or the like.

Further, according to the flush toilet system 10 of the present embodiment, in the disaster operation mode, the sludge separated by the second sewage treatment means 38 is concentrated by the pressurized flotation device 76 and then used as a raw material tank 20 as a biogas raw material. Is supplied to. This makes it possible to increase the efficiency of fermenting sludge to generate biogas.

Further, according to the flush toilet system 10 of the present embodiment, the waste heat generated when the electric power is generated by the generator 24 is supplied to the heating device 30, and the fermenter 22 is heated by using the waste heat. Therefore, it is not necessary to separately prepare a heat source for heating, and waste heat can be effectively utilized.

Further, according to the flush toilet system 10 of the present embodiment, the kitchen waste generated in the kitchen facility or the like in the structure 12 is used as a biogas raw material. Therefore, it is not necessary to store other solid fuels as a raw material for biogas, and putrefactive kitchen waste (swill) can be burned in the structure 12 for processing, so that it is in a sanitary state. Deterioration can be suppressed.

(Other embodiments)
Although an example of the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment, and various other embodiments are possible within the scope of the present invention.

For example, in the above embodiment, in the disaster operation mode, the sludge separated by the second sewage treatment means 38 is concentrated by the pressurized flotation device 76 as the sludge concentrating means and then supplied to the raw material tank 20.

However, the pressurized flotation device 76 may not be provided, and the sludge separated by the second sewage treatment means 38 may be supplied to the raw material tank 20 as it is. Further, the sludge concentrating means is not limited to the pressurized flotation device 76, and may be configured to concentrate sludge by a natural flotation method or a sedimentation method.

Further, in the above embodiment, the kitchen waste generated in the kitchen facility or the like in the structure 12 is used as a biogas raw material. However, the biogas raw material is not limited to kitchen waste. For example, organic substances other than kitchen waste (for example, waste oil, pruned branches, paper, wood pellets, etc.) are stored in the structure 12 and stored in the raw material tank 20 in the event of a disaster. It may be supplied and used as a raw material for biogas together with kitchen waste.

10 Flush toilet system 20 Raw material tank 22 Fermentation tank 24 Generator 30 Heating device 38 Second sewage treatment means (sewage treatment means)
66 Pump 68 Toilet 76 Pressurized flotation device (an example of sludge concentrator)

Claims (3)

A raw material tank for storing biogas raw materials and
Sewage treatment means that separates sewage generated by the use of toilets into reclaimed water and sludge,
A fermenter that ferments the biogas raw material and the sludge to generate biogas, and
A pump that supplies the reclaimed water to the toilet,
A generator that generates electric power using the biogas and supplies the electric power to the sewage treatment means and the pump.
Has a flush toilet system. The flush toilet system according to claim 1, further comprising a sludge concentrating means for concentrating the sludge separated by the sewage treating means. The flush toilet system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a heating device for heating the fermenter using the waste heat generated when the electric power is generated by the generator.

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