JP6963257B2 - Rheology constant measurement method for concrete - Google Patents

Rheology constant measurement method for concrete Download PDF

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JP6963257B2
JP6963257B2 JP2017250621A JP2017250621A JP6963257B2 JP 6963257 B2 JP6963257 B2 JP 6963257B2 JP 2017250621 A JP2017250621 A JP 2017250621A JP 2017250621 A JP2017250621 A JP 2017250621A JP 6963257 B2 JP6963257 B2 JP 6963257B2
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秀幸 梶田
博行 笹倉
吉弘 桝田
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Maeda Corp
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Description

本発明は、未硬化のフレッシュコンクリートについて、傾斜フロー試験によってレオロジー定数を測定する方法および装置に関するものであり、本発明によって求められる見掛けの降伏値および見掛けの塑性粘度を用いて、コンクリートの現場施工におけるコンクリートの充填性、締固め性、ポンプ圧送性などの施工性を評価することができる。 The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring a rheological constant by an inclined flow test for uncured fresh concrete, and the on-site construction of concrete using the apparent yield value and the apparent plastic viscosity obtained by the present invention. It is possible to evaluate the workability such as concrete filling property, compaction property, and pump pumping property.

未硬化のフレッシュコンクリートのワーカビリティーを評価するための試験方法としては、スランプコーンを用いたJIS A 1101のスランプ試験方法が普及している。 As a test method for evaluating the workability of uncured fresh concrete, the JIS A 1101 slump test method using a slump cone is widely used.

一方、高流動コンクリートは流動性が高すぎて従来のスランプ試験では対応できないため、高流動コンクリートについてはJIS A 1150のスランプフロー試験方法が利用されている。 On the other hand, high-fluidity concrete has too high fluidity to be supported by the conventional slump test, so the JIS A 1150 slump flow test method is used for high-fluidity concrete.

また、スランプフロー試験方法の改良型として、L形フロー試験方法があり、スランプフロー試験方法とともに、高流動コンクリートの試験方法として規格化されている。 Further, as an improved version of the slump flow test method, there is an L-shaped flow test method, which is standardized as a test method for high-fluidity concrete together with the slump flow test method.

なお、フレッシュコンクリートの挙動をビンガム流体の挙動としてモデル化した場合、スランプ値やスランプフロー値は主として降伏値の評価に用いられ、時間的要素を含むスランプフロー試験における500mm到達時間やV漏斗試験が塑性粘度の評価に用いられている。 When the behavior of fresh concrete is modeled as the behavior of Bingham fluid, the slump value and slump flow value are mainly used to evaluate the yield value, and the 500 mm arrival time and V funnel test in the slump flow test including the time element are performed. It is used to evaluate plastic viscosity.

これに対し、本願の発明者らによる特許文献1では、従来のスランプ試験やスランプフロー試験では的確な評価ができなかった準高流動コンクリートや軟練りのコンクリートのワーカビリティーの評価を適正に行うための方法および装置として、試料の傾斜フローを利用したコンクリートの試験方法および試験装置を開示している。 On the other hand, in Patent Document 1 by the inventors of the present application, in order to properly evaluate the workability of semi-high fluid concrete and soft-kneaded concrete, which could not be accurately evaluated by the conventional slump test and slump flow test. As a method and an apparatus, a concrete test method and an apparatus using an inclined flow of a sample are disclosed.

特許文献1記載の試験方法は、筒状のタンク部と、その下部側面に形成された開口部で連通する傾斜フロー部と、開口部を開閉可能に仕切り傾斜フロー部をタンク部の下部と区画する仕切板とを備えた傾斜フロー試験器を用い、タンク部に上部より未硬化のフレッシュコンクリートの試料を投入して所定の高さまで詰め込んだ後、仕切板を開放することにより、開口部から傾斜フロー部に試料を流下させ、その際の試料の傾斜面での流下速度を測定することにより、試料のワーカビリティーを評価するというものである。 In the test method described in Patent Document 1, a tubular tank portion, an inclined flow portion that communicates with an opening formed on the lower side surface thereof, and an inclined flow portion that can open and close the opening are partitioned from the lower portion of the tank portion. Using an inclined flow tester equipped with a partition plate, a sample of uncured fresh concrete is put into the tank part from the top, packed to a predetermined height, and then the partition plate is opened to incline from the opening. The workability of the sample is evaluated by letting the sample flow down to the flow section and measuring the flow-down speed of the sample on the inclined surface at that time.

しかし、特許文献1に記載される試験方法および装置の場合、以下の課題があった。
(1) 流動先端速度より、ビンガム流体の流動性をどのように評価するか、特にビンガム流体の性質である降伏値と塑性粘度をどのように評価するかが設定されていない。
(2) 垂直試料ボックス部の垂直応力が加わるため、試料ボックスコーナー部でも流動の乱れが生じる。
However, in the case of the test method and apparatus described in Patent Document 1, there are the following problems.
(1) How to evaluate the fluidity of the Bingham fluid from the flow tip velocity, especially how to evaluate the yield value and the plastic viscosity, which are the properties of the Bingham fluid, is not set.
(2) Since the normal stress of the vertical sample box is applied, the flow turbulence occurs even at the corners of the sample box.

これに対して、本願の発明者らは、非特許文献1、2に開示したように、垂直試料ボックス部の代わりに、傾斜流動部と直線的に連続する試料タンク部をゲート板で仕切る構造とした試験装置を用い、異なる複数の傾斜角度で傾斜フロー試験を行い、その試験結果からフレッシュコンクリートのレオロジー定数としての降伏値および塑性粘度に対応する見掛けの降伏値および見掛けの塑性粘度を求め、流動性の評価を行う試験方法を開発した。 On the other hand, as disclosed in Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2, the inventors of the present application have a structure in which a sample tank portion linearly continuous with the inclined flow portion is partitioned by a gate plate instead of the vertical sample box portion. The tilt flow test was performed at a plurality of different tilt angles, and the apparent yield value and the apparent plastic viscosity corresponding to the rheological constants of the fresh concrete were obtained from the test results. We have developed a test method for evaluating fluidity.

また、本願の発明者らによる特許文献2では、試料投入口から投入された測定対象となる流体を溜めて保持するための試料タンク部と、底面が試料タンク部の底面と直線的に連続し傾斜角度が可変な傾斜流動部と、試料タンク部と傾斜流動部を鉛直方向に仕切る開閉可能なゲート板とを備え、ゲート板が試料タンク部と傾斜流動部との境界部の外側に立設した支柱を備えたゲート板支持具に支持された状態で鉛直方向に昇降可能としたレオロジー定数測定装置を用い、以下のようにして流体のレオロジー定数を測定することとした。 Further, in Patent Document 2 by the inventors of the present application, the sample tank portion for collecting and holding the fluid to be measured input from the sample inlet and the bottom surface are linearly continuous with the bottom surface of the sample tank portion. It is equipped with a tilted flow section with a variable tilt angle and a gate plate that can be opened and closed to vertically partition the sample tank section and the tilted flow section, and the gate plate is erected outside the boundary between the sample tank section and the tilted flow section. It was decided to measure the rheology constant of the fluid as follows using a rheology constant measuring device capable of ascending and descending in the vertical direction while being supported by the gate plate support provided with the support column.

すなわち、レオロジー定数として、試料の見掛けのせん断応力τ(Pa)を次式によって求める。
τ=W×h×g×sinθ …(1)
That is, as the rheology constant, the apparent shear stress τ (Pa) of the sample is obtained by the following equation.
τ = W × h × g × sin θ… (1)

ここに、
W:試料の単位容積質量(kg/m3
h:センサー間を通過するときの試料の平均高さ(m)
g:重力加速度(9.807m/sec2
θ:傾斜角度
Here,
W: Unit volume mass of sample (kg / m 3 )
h: Average height (m) of the sample when passing between sensors
g: Gravity acceleration (9.807m / sec 2 )
θ: Tilt angle

次に、3つ以上の異なる傾斜角度について求めた流動先端速度va(m/sec)またはひずみ速度(/sec)と上に求めた見掛けのせん断応力τ(Pa)から得られる回帰直線の流動先端速度vaが0となる切片における見掛けのせん断応力τ(Pa)を見掛けの降伏値τy(Pa)、回帰直線の傾きを見掛けの塑性粘度η(Pa・s/mまたはPa・s)として求める。
ひずみ速度(/sec)は、流動先端速度va(m/sec)を試料の高さ(m)で除して求める。
Then, the three or more different inclination angles calculated for the flow front velocity v a (m / sec) or strain rate (/ sec) and obtained from the shear stress tau (Pa) apparent obtained on the regression line flow tip speed v a becomes zero shear stress apparent in sections tau yield value of apparent (Pa) τ y (Pa) , plastic viscosity of apparent slope of the regression line η (Pa · s / m or Pa · s) Ask as.
Strain rate (/ sec) is obtained by dividing the flow front velocity v a a (m / sec) in the sample height (m).

これら見掛けの降伏値τyおよび見掛けの塑性粘度ηは、他の測定手段で測定された流体の降伏値および塑性粘度と高い相関性を確認しており、流体のレオロジー定数として流体特性の把握に利用することができる。 The apparent yield value τ y and the apparent plastic viscosity η have been confirmed to have a high correlation with the yield value and plastic viscosity of the fluid measured by other measuring means, and it is useful for grasping the fluid characteristics as a rheological constant of the fluid. It can be used.

また、本願の発明者らは、特許文献3においては、複数の傾斜角度について求めた流動先端速度または該流動先端速度を用いて算出したひずみ速度と、見掛けのせん断応力τ(Pa)から得られる回帰直線の流動先端速度が0となる切片における見掛けのせん断応力τ(Pa)を見掛けの降伏値τy(Pa)、回帰直線の傾きを見掛けの塑性粘度η(Pa・s/mまたはPa・s)として求め、測定された見掛けの降伏値τおよび見掛けの塑性粘度ηに基づいて、フレッシュコンクリートの施工性に関する評価を行う発明を記載している。 Further, in Patent Document 3, the inventors of the present application obtain the flow tip velocity obtained for a plurality of inclination angles or the strain rate calculated using the flow tip velocity, and the apparent shear stress τ (Pa). Apparent shear stress τ (Pa) in the section where the flow tip velocity of the regression line is 0 Apparent yield value τy (Pa), slope of the regression line Apparent plastic viscosity η (Pa · s / m or Pa · s) ), And the invention that evaluates the workability of fresh concrete based on the measured apparent yield value τ and the apparent plastic viscosity η is described.

特許第3963800号公報Japanese Patent No. 3963800 特開2016−176890号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-176890 特開2017−223490号公報JP-A-2017-223490

笹倉博行、桝田佳寛、李榮蘭:傾斜フロー試験器によるフレッシュコンクリートの流動性評価に関する実験、日本建築学会技術報告集、第18巻、第36号、pp.11-14、2012年2月Hiroyuki Sasakura, Yoshihiro Masuda, Eiran Lee: Experiments on fluidity evaluation of fresh concrete using an inclined flow tester, Architectural Institute of Japan Technical Report, Vol. 18, No. 36, pp.11-14, February 2012 笹倉博行、桝田佳寛、李榮蘭:傾斜フロー試験器によるレオロジー定数に及ぼす調合の影響、日本建築学会技術報告集、第19巻、第42号、pp.387-392、2013年6月Hiroyuki Sasakura, Yoshihiro Masuda, Eiran Lee: Effect of formulation on rheological constants by tilt flow tester, Architectural Institute of Japan Technical Report, Vol. 19, No. 42, pp.387-392, June 2013

(1) 上述した特許文献1あるいは特許文献2に記載の装置を用いて、見掛けの降伏値および見掛けの塑性粘度を求めるためには、3以上の角度の異なる傾斜フロー試験器を用いて、あるいは傾斜フロー試験器の傾斜流動部を3以上の異なる角度に設定してコンクリートの流動先端速度を計測しなければならず、試験に手間と時間がかかってしまう。 (1) In order to obtain the apparent yield value and the apparent plastic viscosity using the apparatus described in Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 2 described above, using an inclined flow tester having three or more different angles, or The inclined flow part of the inclined flow tester must be set at three or more different angles to measure the flow tip velocity of concrete, which takes time and effort for the test.

(2) 3以上の異なる傾斜角度で測定するため、多量の試料が必要となる。例えば1回の試験に約9リットルの試料を用いる場合、少なくとも27リットルの試料が必要となる。 (2) A large amount of sample is required for measurement at 3 or more different tilt angles. For example, if about 9 liters of sample is used in one test, at least 27 liters of sample is required.

(3) 特に、現場試験として実施する場合、上の(1)、(2)は大きな問題となる。 (3) Especially when it is carried out as a field test, the above (1) and (2) become big problems.

本発明は上述のような課題の解決を図ったものであり、傾斜角度を変更することなく1回の測定で見掛けの降伏値および見掛けの塑性粘度を求めることができ、試験時間および試料の節減が可能な効率的なコンクリートのレオロジー定数測定方法を提供することを目的としたものである。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and the apparent yield value and the apparent plastic viscosity can be obtained by one measurement without changing the inclination angle, which saves test time and sample. It is an object of the present invention to provide an efficient method for measuring the rheological constant of concrete.

本発明のコンクリートのレオロジー定数測定方法では、試料投入口から投入された測定対象となる流体を溜めて保持するための試料タンク部と、底面が前記試料タンク部の底面と直線的に連続する傾斜角度が可変である傾斜流動部と、前記試料タンク部と前記傾斜流動部を鉛直方向に仕切る開閉可能なゲート板とを備え、前記ゲート板は前記試料タンク部と傾斜流動部との境界部の外側に立設した支柱を備えたゲート板支持具に支持された状態で鉛直方向に昇降可能とし、前記傾斜流動部を流下して行く試料の流動先端速度を測定する流動先端速度測定器を、前記傾斜流動部の長手方向の3箇所以上の箇所に間隔をおいて設けてなる傾斜フロー試験装置を用いる。 In the method for measuring the rheology constant of concrete of the present invention, the sample tank portion for collecting and holding the fluid to be measured input from the sample inlet and the bottom surface are inclined to be linearly continuous with the bottom surface of the sample tank portion. It is provided with an inclined flow portion having a variable angle and a gate plate that can be opened and closed to vertically partition the sample tank portion and the inclined flow portion, and the gate plate is a boundary portion between the sample tank portion and the inclined flow portion. A flow tip velocity measuring device that can move up and down in the vertical direction while being supported by a gate plate support with columns erected on the outside and measures the flow tip velocity of the sample flowing down the inclined flow portion. An inclined flow test device provided at three or more locations in the longitudinal direction of the inclined flow portion at intervals is used.

対象となるフレッシュコンクリートの試料を前記傾斜フロー試験装置の前記試料投入口から投入し、前記試料タンク部に所定量の試料を溜めた状態で前記ゲート板を開き、単一の傾斜角度に設定した前記傾斜流動部を流下して行く試料の流動先端速度を3箇所以上の箇所に間隔をおいて設けた前記流動先端速度測定器ごとに測定するとともに、前記各流動先端速度測定器による測定位置を通するときの試料の高さを測定する。 A sample of the target fresh concrete was charged from the sample inlet of the inclined flow test device, the gate plate was opened with a predetermined amount of the sample stored in the sample tank portion, and a single inclination angle was set. The flow tip velocity of the sample flowing down the inclined flow section is measured for each of the flow tip velocity measuring instruments provided at three or more points at intervals, and the measurement position by each flow tip velocity measuring device is measured. Measure the height of the sample as it is passed.

測定値に基づき、前記試料の見掛けのせん断応力τ(Pa)を次式によって、前記各流動先端速度測定器の測定位置ごとに求める。
τ=W×h×g×sinθ …(1)
ここに、
W:試料の単位容積質量(kg/m3
h:流動先端速度測定器の測定位置を通過するときの試料の高さ(m)
g:重力加速度(9.807m/sec2
θ:傾斜角度
Based on the measured values, the apparent shear stress τ (Pa) of the sample is obtained for each measurement position of each of the flow tip velocity measuring instruments by the following equation.
τ = W × h × g × sin θ… (1)
Here,
W: Unit volume mass of sample (kg / m 3 )
h: Height of the sample when passing through the measurement position of the flow tip velocity measuring device (m)
g: Gravity acceleration (9.807m / sec 2 )
θ: Tilt angle

前記複数の流動先端速度測定器の測定位置ごとに求めた流動先端速度または該流動先端速度を用いて算出したひずみ速度と、前記見掛けのせん断応力τ(Pa)から得られる回帰直線の流動先端速度が0となる切片における見掛けのせん断応力τ(Pa)を見掛けの降伏値τ(Pa)、回帰直線の傾きを見掛けの塑性粘度η(Pa・s/mまたはPa・s)として求める。 The flow tip velocity obtained for each measurement position of the plurality of flow tip velocity measuring instruments or the strain rate calculated using the flow tip velocity, and the flow tip velocity of the regression line obtained from the apparent shear stress τ (Pa). The apparent shear stress τ (Pa) in the section where is 0 is calculated as the apparent yield value τ y (Pa) and the slope of the regression line as the apparent plastic viscosity η (Pa · s / m or Pa · s).

本発明では、特許文献2記載の発明のように、3以上の異なる傾斜角度に設定してコンクリートの流動先端速度を計測する必要がなく、一回の作業で測定を行うことができるため、試験を迅速に行うことができ、また必要な試料の量も節減することができる。 In the present invention, unlike the invention described in Patent Document 2, it is not necessary to set three or more different inclination angles to measure the flow tip velocity of concrete, and the measurement can be performed in one operation. Can be done quickly and the amount of sample required can be reduced.

前記傾斜流動部を流下して行く試料の流動先端速度を測定する流動先端速度測定器は、傾斜流動部の長手方向の3箇所以上の箇所に間隔をおいて設けることが望ましい。原理的には2箇所でも可能であるが、2箇所での測定では精度が落ち、4箇所以上とすることもできるが、流動先端速度測定器の数が多いと装置が大型化し、手間もかかるので3箇所が好ましい。 It is desirable that the flow tip velocity measuring device for measuring the flow tip velocity of the sample flowing down the inclined flow portion is provided at three or more locations in the longitudinal direction of the inclined flow portion at intervals. In principle, it is possible to measure at two points, but the accuracy drops when measuring at two points, and it is possible to set the number at four or more points. Therefore, three places are preferable.

本発明のコンクリートのレオロジー定数測定装置は、試料投入口から投入された測定対象となる流体を溜めて保持するための試料タンク部と、底面が前記試料タンク部の底面と直線的に連続する傾斜流動部と、前記試料タンク部と前記傾斜流動部を鉛直方向に仕切る開閉可能なゲート板とを備え、前記ゲート板は前記試料タンク部と傾斜流動部との境界部の外側に立設した支柱を備えたゲート板支持具に支持された状態で鉛直方向に昇降可能とした傾斜フロー試験装置としてのレオロジー定数測定装置において、前記傾斜流動部を流下して行く試料の流動先端速度を測定する流動先端速度測定器を、前記傾斜流動部の長手方向の3箇所以上の箇所に間隔をおいて設けてあることを特徴とするものである。 The concrete rheology constant measuring device of the present invention has a sample tank portion for collecting and holding a fluid to be measured, which is charged from a sample inlet, and an inclination whose bottom surface is linearly continuous with the bottom surface of the sample tank portion. A support column provided with a flow portion and a gate plate that can be opened and closed to vertically partition the sample tank portion and the inclined flow portion, and the gate plate is erected outside the boundary portion between the sample tank portion and the inclined flow portion. In a rheology constant measuring device as an inclined flow test device capable of ascending and descending in the vertical direction while being supported by a gate plate support equipped with, a flow for measuring the flow tip velocity of a sample flowing down the inclined flow portion. The tip speed measuring instrument is provided at three or more locations in the longitudinal direction of the inclined flow portion at intervals.

本発明の測定装置を用いることで、上述のように3以上の異なる傾斜角度に設定してコンクリートの流動先端速度を計測する必要がなく、一回の作業で測定を行うことができるため、試験を迅速に行うことができ、また必要な試料の量も節減することができる。 By using the measuring device of the present invention, it is not necessary to set three or more different inclination angles to measure the flow tip velocity of concrete as described above, and the measurement can be performed in one operation. Can be done quickly and the amount of sample required can be reduced.

なお、傾斜流動部の傾斜角度は必ずしも一定でなければならないということではなく、特許文献2に記載されている装置のように傾斜流動部の傾斜角度を可変な構造としておけば、試料の性質や状態に応じて、傾斜流動部の傾斜角度を試料の測定に適した角度に設定して測定を行うことができる。 It should be noted that the inclination angle of the inclined flow part does not necessarily have to be constant, and if the inclination angle of the inclined flow part is set to a variable structure as in the apparatus described in Patent Document 2, the properties of the sample and the characteristics of the sample can be determined. Depending on the state, the inclination angle of the inclined flow portion can be set to an angle suitable for the measurement of the sample and the measurement can be performed.

本発明の方法および装置によって求められる見掛けの降伏値および見掛けの塑性粘度を用いて、コンクリートの現場施工におけるコンクリートの充填性、締固め性、ポンプ圧送性などの施工性を評価することができる。 Using the apparent yield value and the apparent plastic viscosity obtained by the method and apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to evaluate the workability such as concrete filling property, compaction property, and pump pumping property in the field construction of concrete.

施工性の評価に関し、例えば粘性が想定より高く施工が困難と評価される場合にはコンクリートの調合の再選定もしくは修正を行い、粘性が想定より高いが施工が可能と評価される場合には充填または締固め作業の調整を行う。 Regarding the evaluation of workability, for example, if the viscosity is higher than expected and it is evaluated that construction is difficult, the concrete composition is reselected or modified, and if the viscosity is higher than expected but it is evaluated that construction is possible, filling is performed. Or adjust the compaction work.

コンクリートの調合の再選定もしくは修正には、生コン工場における配合の調整の他、生コン工場ごとの特性を考慮した生コン工場の選定も含まれる。 The reselection or modification of the concrete composition includes the adjustment of the composition at the ready-mixed concrete factory and the selection of the ready-mixed concrete factory in consideration of the characteristics of each ready-mixed concrete factory.

粘性が想定の範囲内であれば、現場に受け入れたコンクリートをそのまま予定の施工方法で打設し、締固め、養生などを行えばよい。 If the viscosity is within the expected range, the concrete received at the site may be cast as it is by the planned construction method, compacted, and cured.

また、施工性に関する他の要素としては、例えばコンクリート圧送性に関する評価が可能である。
粘性が想定より高くポンプ圧送による施工が困難と評価される場合にはコンクリートの調合の再選定もしくは修正を行い、粘性が想定より高いが施工が可能と評価される場合には圧送速度または圧送圧力の調整を行う。場合によっては圧送ポンプをより能力が高いものに交換することも考えられる。
Further, as another factor related to workability, for example, it is possible to evaluate concrete pumping property.
If the viscosity is higher than expected and it is evaluated that construction by pumping is difficult, reselect or correct the concrete composition, and if the viscosity is higher than expected but it is evaluated that construction is possible, the pumping speed or pumping pressure Make adjustments. In some cases, it is possible to replace the pump with a higher capacity.

粘性が想定の範囲内であれば、現場に受け入れたコンクリートをそのまま予定の方法でポンプ圧送すればよい。 If the viscosity is within the expected range, the concrete received at the site can be pumped as it is by the planned method.

また、評価される施工性がコンクリートの材料分離または圧送性に関するものとして、粘性が想定より低く、材料分離による品質の低下または材料分離に伴う圧送配管の閉塞が懸念される場合には、必要に応じコンクリートの調合の再選定もしくは修正を行うなどして対処することになる。 In addition, if the workability to be evaluated is related to the material separation or pumping property of concrete, and the viscosity is lower than expected, and there is a concern that the quality will deteriorate due to the material separation or the pumping pipe will be blocked due to the material separation, it is necessary. Corresponding measures will be taken by reselecting or modifying the concrete mix.

本発明では、従来の傾斜フロー試験で3以上の異なる傾斜角度に設定してコンクリートの流動先端速度を計測していたのに対し、傾斜角度を変更することなく、1回の作業で測定を行うことができるため、試験を迅速に行うことができ、また必要な試料の量も節減することができる。 In the present invention, the flow tip velocity of concrete is measured by setting three or more different inclination angles in the conventional inclination flow test, whereas the measurement is performed in one operation without changing the inclination angle. Therefore, the test can be performed quickly, and the amount of sample required can be reduced.

本発明の傾斜フロー試験器の一実施例を示したもので、(a)は側面図、(b)は平面図である。An embodiment of the inclined flow tester of the present invention is shown, where (a) is a side view and (b) is a plan view. 試料No.N45-170-21について、傾斜フロー試験結果から得られた見掛けのせん断ひずみ速度(1/sec)と、見掛けのせん断応力(P)との関係を示すグラフである。Samples No.N45-170-21, and shear strain rate of apparent obtained from the gradient flow test results (1 / sec), is a graph showing the relationship between the apparent shear stress (P a). 試料No.N36-170-50について、傾斜フロー試験結果から得られた見掛けのせん断ひずみ速度(1/sec)と、見掛けのせん断応力(Pa)との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the apparent shear strain rate (1 / sec) obtained from the inclination flow test result, and the apparent shear stress (Pa) for sample No. N36-170-50. 試料No.N45-170-21について、対比例として傾斜流動部を流下して行く試料の流動先端速度と流下する試料の高さを複数の傾斜角度θについて測定して求めた場合の見掛けのせん断ひずみ速度(1/sec)と、見掛けのせん断応力(P)との関係を示すグラフである。For sample No. N45-170-21, the apparent shear obtained by measuring the flow tip velocity of the sample flowing down the inclined flow part and the height of the flowing sample with respect to a plurality of inclination angles θ as a inverse proportion. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a strain rate (1 / sec) and an apparent shear stress (Pa). 試料No.N36-170-50について、同様に、傾斜流動部を流下して行く試料の流動先端速度と流下する試料の高さを複数の傾斜角度θについて測定して求めた場合の見掛けのせん断ひずみ速度(1/sec)と、見掛けのせん断応力(P)との関係を示すグラフである。Similarly, for sample No. N36-170-50, the apparent shear is obtained by measuring the flow tip velocity of the sample flowing down the inclined flow part and the height of the flowing sample with respect to a plurality of inclination angles θ. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a strain rate (1 / sec) and an apparent shear stress (Pa).

以下、本発明の実施例および効果の検証のために行った試験について説明する。 Hereinafter, examples of the present invention and tests performed for verifying the effects will be described.

(1) 試験装置
図1は本発明のコンクリートのレオロジー定数測定装置の実施例を示したもので、傾斜角度をつけて設置した直方体の箱の端部にフレッシュコンクリートを充填した後、ゲートを引き上げてコンクリートを流下させ、傾斜の途中に設置した3箇所の非接触型のセンサーで流動速度を計測する装置である。
(1) Test device Fig. 1 shows an example of the concrete rheology constant measuring device of the present invention. After filling the end of a rectangular parallelepiped box installed at an inclination angle with fresh concrete, the gate is pulled up. It is a device that measures the flow velocity with three non-contact type sensors installed in the middle of the slope.

具体的には、試料投入口2aから投入された測定対象となるフレッシュコンクリートを溜めて保持するための試料タンク部2と、底面が試料タンク部2の底面と直線的に連続し傾斜角度が可変な傾斜流動部3と、試料タンク部2と傾斜流動部3を鉛直方向に仕切る開閉可能なゲート板6とを備え、ゲート板6は試料タンク部2と傾斜流動部3との境界部の外側に立設した支柱4aを備えたゲート板支持具5に支持された状態で鉛直方向に昇降可能とし、傾斜流動部3を流下して行く試料の流動先端速度を測定する流動先端速度測定器7a、7b、7cを、傾斜流動部3の長手方向の3箇所に間隔をおいて設けたものである。 Specifically, the sample tank portion 2 for storing and holding the fresh concrete to be measured, which is charged from the sample inlet 2a, and the bottom surface are linearly continuous with the bottom surface of the sample tank portion 2 and the inclination angle is variable. A gate plate 6 that can be opened and closed to vertically partition the sample tank portion 2 and the inclined flow portion 3 is provided, and the gate plate 6 is outside the boundary portion between the sample tank portion 2 and the inclined flow portion 3. A flow tip velocity measuring device 7a that can move up and down in the vertical direction while being supported by a gate plate support 5 provided with a support column 4a erected in the above, and measures the flow tip velocity of a sample flowing down the inclined flow section 3. , 7b, 7c are provided at three positions in the longitudinal direction of the inclined flow portion 3 at intervals.

なお、図中に示した寸法は、試験的に用いた寸法(mm)であり、これに限定されるものではない。 The dimensions shown in the drawings are the dimensions (mm) used on a trial basis, and are not limited to these.

(2) 試験方法
表1に、コンクリートの使用材料を示す。
(2) Test method Table 1 shows the materials used for concrete.

Figure 0006963257
Figure 0006963257

表2に、コンクリートの調合を示す。 Table 2 shows the concrete mix.

Figure 0006963257
Figure 0006963257

表2において、
試料No.:水セメント比(W/C)−水単位重量(W)−スランプ(SL)またはスランプフロー(SF)の目標値
Fc:設計基準強度
W/C:水セメント比
s/a:細骨材率
SL:スランプ(目標値)
SF:スランプフロー(目標値)
Air:空気量(目標値)
In Table 2,
Sample No .: Water-cement ratio (W / C) -Water unit weight (W) -Target value of slump (SL) or slump flow (SF) Fc: Design standard strength W / C: Water-cement ratio s / a: Fine Aggregate ratio SL: Slump (target value)
SF: Slump flow (target value)
Air: Air volume (target value)

練混ぜ方法
コンクリートは、1バッチ40lを強制2軸ミキサ(容量55l)により90〜120秒間練り混ぜた後、ミキサから排出して試験に供した。なお、水セメント比36%および30%の調合は、5分間静置した後、ミキサから排出した。
Kneading method For concrete, 40 liters of one batch was kneaded with a forced twin-screw mixer (capacity 55 liters) for 90 to 120 seconds, and then discharged from the mixer for testing. The water-cement ratios of 36% and 30% were allowed to stand for 5 minutes and then discharged from the mixer.

測定項目および方法
表3に、フレッシュコンクリート試験の項目および方法を示す。
Measurement items and methods Table 3 shows the items and methods of the fresh concrete test.

Figure 0006963257
Figure 0006963257

(3) 試験結果
表4に、フレッシュコンクリート試験の結果を示す。
(3) Test results Table 4 shows the results of the fresh concrete test.

Figure 0006963257
Figure 0006963257

表4において、
SL:スランプ(実測値)
SF:スランプフロー(実測値)
In Table 4,
SL: Slump (actual measurement value)
SF: Slump flow (measured value)

コンクリートのスランプおよびスランプフローともに、いずれの試料においても目標値の範囲内の値が得られた。また空気量も、いずれも目標値の範囲内であり、良好なフレッシュ状態のコンクリートが試料として採取できたと言える。 For both concrete slump and slump flow, values within the target values were obtained for both samples. In addition, the amount of air was also within the range of the target value, and it can be said that concrete in a good fresh state could be collected as a sample.

表5に、傾斜フロー試験における流動先端速度と流動高さの結果を示す。 Table 5 shows the results of the flow tip velocity and flow height in the inclined flow test.

Figure 0006963257
Figure 0006963257

(4) 見掛けの降伏値および塑性粘度の算定
傾斜フロー試験におけるフレッシュコンクリートに作用する見掛けのせん断応力τ(Pa)は(1)式で求めて、見掛けのせん断ひずみ速度(1/sec)は流動先端速度(m/sec)を流動高さ(m)で除して求めた。
(4) Calculation of apparent yield value and plastic viscosity The apparent shear stress τ (P a ) acting on fresh concrete in the inclined flow test is calculated by Eq. (1), and the apparent shear strain rate (1 / sec) is It was calculated by dividing the flow tip velocity (m / sec) by the flow height (m).

3箇所の測定位置ごと得られた見掛けのせん断ひずみ速度と見掛けのせん断応力の関係は線形の関係となる。これを直線回帰すると、回帰直線の切片は見掛けのせん断ひずみ速度が0であるため降伏値に相当するものと考えられ、これを見掛けの降伏値(以下、τy と略記)とした。 The relationship between the apparent shear strain rate and the apparent shear stress obtained at each of the three measurement positions is a linear relationship. When this is linearly regressed, the intercept of the regression line is considered to correspond to the yield value because the apparent shear strain rate is 0, and this is taken as the apparent yield value (hereinafter abbreviated as τy).

一方、回帰直線の傾きは見掛けのせん断ひずみ速度に対する見掛けのせん断応力の変化であるため塑性粘度に相当するものと考えられ、これを見掛けの塑性粘度(以下、ηと略記)とした。なお、流動中のすべり摩擦抵抗の影響は小さいため無視している。
τ=W×h×g×sinθ …(1)
ここに、
W:試料の単位容積質量(kg/m3
h:センサー間を通過するときの試料の高さ(m)
g:重力加速度(9.807m/sec2
θ:傾斜角度
On the other hand, the slope of the regression line is considered to correspond to the plastic viscosity because it is the change in the apparent shear stress with respect to the apparent shear strain rate, and this is defined as the apparent plastic viscosity (hereinafter abbreviated as η). The effect of sliding frictional resistance during flow is small and is ignored.
τ = W × h × g × sin θ… (1)
Here,
W: Unit volume mass of sample (kg / m 3 )
h: Sample height (m) when passing between sensors
g: Gravity acceleration (9.807m / sec 2 )
θ: Tilt angle

(5) 見掛けのせん断ひずみ速度とせん断応力の関係
図2および図3に、傾斜フロー試験結果から得られた流動先端速度を流動高さで除して求めた見掛けのせん断ひずみ速度と、見掛けのせん断応力(P)との関係を示す。また、図中に見掛けのせん断ひずみ速度とせん断応力の直線回帰式および決定係数を示す。
(5) Relationship between apparent shear strain rate and shear stress Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show the apparent shear strain rate obtained by dividing the flow tip speed obtained from the inclined flow test results by the flow height, and the apparent shear strain rate. shows the relationship between the shear stress (P a). In addition, the linear regression equation and coefficient of determination of the apparent shear strain rate and shear stress are shown in the figure.

いずれの試料においても、見掛けのせん断ひずみ速度とせん断応力との直線関係は高い相関性を示しており、本発明のレオロジー定数測定方法が実用上十分であることが分かる。 In all the samples, the linear relationship between the apparent shear strain rate and the shear stress shows a high correlation, indicating that the rheological constant measurement method of the present invention is practically sufficient.

〔対比例〕
以下に、試料No.N45-170-21および試料No.N36-170-50について、特許文献2に記載の方法のように、傾斜流動部を流下して行く試料の流動先端速度と流下する試料の高さを複数の傾斜角度θについて測定して求めた場合を対比例として説明する。
試験に用いたコンクリートの使用材料(表1)、コンクリートの調合(表2の試料No.N45-170-21、試料No.N36-170-50)、練混ぜ方法は本発明の実施例と同じである。
表6に、それぞれの試料について、傾斜角23度、26度、29度、32度で傾斜フロー試験を行い、流動速度測定器2によるV21(第4・第5センサー間の速度)、V22(第5・第6センサー間の速度)と流動高さh2の測定結果を示す。
[Inverse proportion]
Below, for sample No. N45-170-21 and sample No. N36-170-50, as in the method described in Patent Document 2, the flow tip velocity of the sample flowing down the inclined flow portion and the flowing sample The case where the height of the above is measured and obtained for a plurality of inclination angles θ will be described as a inverse proportion.
The materials used for the concrete used in the test (Table 1), the preparation of concrete (Sample No. N45-170-21, Sample No. N36-170-50 in Table 2), and the kneading method are the same as those in the examples of the present invention. Is.
Table 6 shows that each sample was subjected to an inclination flow test at inclination angles of 23 degrees, 26 degrees, 29 degrees, and 32 degrees, and V21 (velocity between the 4th and 5th sensors) and V22 (velocity between the 4th and 5th sensors) by the flow velocity measuring device 2 ( The measurement results of the velocity between the 5th and 6th sensors) and the flow height h2 are shown.

Figure 0006963257
Figure 0006963257

流動先端速度V21・V22の平均の値を用い、これと流動高さh2から、本発明の実施例と同様に、フレッシュコンクリートに作用する見掛けのせん断応力τ(Pa)を(1)式で求め、見掛けのせん断ひずみ速度(1/sec)は流動先端速度(m/sec)を流動高さ(m)で除して求めた。 Using the average value of the flow tip velocities V21 and V22, and from this and the flow height h2, the apparent shear stress τ (P a ) acting on the fresh concrete is calculated by Eq. (1) as in the embodiment of the present invention. The apparent shear strain rate (1 / sec) was obtained by dividing the flow tip velocity (m / sec) by the flow height (m).

図5は試料No.N45-170-21について、見掛けのせん断ひずみ速度(1/sec)と、見掛けのせん断応力(P)との関係を示すグラフである。図6は試料No.N45-170-21について、見掛けのせん断ひずみ速度(1/sec)と、見掛けのせん断応力(P)との関係を示すグラフである。 Figure 5 for samples No.N45-170-21, the apparent shear strain rate (1 / sec), is a graph showing the relationship between the apparent shear stress (P a). Figure 6 for samples No.N45-170-21, the apparent shear strain rate (1 / sec), is a graph showing the relationship between the apparent shear stress (P a).

本発明の実施例における図2、図3と対比例である図4、図5を比較した場合、ほぼ同様の傾向を示しており、変動要素、誤差要素の大きいフレッシュコンクリートのレオロジー定数の測定としては十分実用的であることが確認できた。 When FIGS. 4 and 5 which are inversely proportional to FIGS. 2 and 3 in the embodiment of the present invention are compared, almost the same tendency is shown, and as a measurement of the rheological constant of fresh concrete having a large fluctuation factor and error factor. Was confirmed to be sufficiently practical.

Claims (1)

試料投入口から投入された測定対象となる流体を溜めて保持するための試料タンク部と、底面が前記試料タンク部の底面と直線的に連続する傾斜角度が可変である傾斜流動部と、前記試料タンク部と前記傾斜流動部を鉛直方向に仕切る開閉可能なゲート板とを備え、前記ゲート板は前記試料タンク部と傾斜流動部との境界部の外側に立設した支柱を備えたゲート板支持具に支持された状態で鉛直方向に昇降可能とし、前記傾斜流動部を流下して行く試料の流動先端速度を測定する流動先端速度測定器を、前記傾斜流動部の長手方向の3箇所以上の箇所に間隔をおいて設けてなる傾斜フロー試験装置を用い、対象となるフレッシュコンクリートの試料を前記傾斜フロー試験装置の前記試料投入口から投入し、前記試料タンク部に所定量の試料を溜めた状態で前記ゲート板を開き、単一の傾斜角度に設定した前記傾斜流動部を流下して行く試料の流動先端速度を3箇所以上の箇所に間隔をおいて設けた前記流動先端速度測定器ごとに測定するとともに、前記各流動先端速度測定器による測定位置を通過するときの試料の高さを測定し、前記試料の見掛けのせん断応力τ(Pa)を次式によって、前記各流動先端速度測定器の測定位置ごとに求め、
τ=W×h×g×sinθ …(1)
ここに、
W:試料の単位容積質量(kg/m3
h:流動先端速度測定器の測定位置を通過するときの試料の高さ(m)
g:重力加速度(9.807m/sec2
θ:傾斜角度
前記複数の流動先端速度測定器の測定位置ごとに求めた流動先端速度または該流動先端速度を用いて算出したひずみ速度と、前記見掛けのせん断応力τ(Pa)から得られる回帰直線の流動先端速度が0となる切片における見掛けのせん断応力τ(Pa)を見掛けの降伏値τy(Pa)、回帰直線の傾きを見掛けの塑性粘度η(Pa・s/mまたはPa・s)として求めることを特徴とするコンクリートのレオロジー定数測定方法。
A sample tank portion for collecting and holding the fluid to be measured, which is charged from the sample inlet , a tilted flow portion whose bottom surface is linearly continuous with the bottom surface of the sample tank portion and whose inclination angle is variable, and the above. It is provided with a gate plate that can be opened and closed to partition the sample tank portion and the inclined flow portion in the vertical direction, and the gate plate is a gate plate having a support column erected outside the boundary portion between the sample tank portion and the inclined flow portion. A flow tip velocity measuring device that can move up and down in the vertical direction while being supported by a support and measures the flow tip velocity of a sample flowing down the inclined flow portion is provided at three or more locations in the longitudinal direction of the inclined flow portion. A sample of the target fresh concrete is charged from the sample inlet of the inclined flow tester using an inclined flow test device provided at intervals, and a predetermined amount of sample is stored in the sample tank portion. The gate plate is opened in this state, and the flow tip speed of the sample flowing down the inclined flow portion set to a single inclination angle is provided at three or more points at intervals. In addition to measuring each flow tip velocity, the height of the sample when passing through the measurement position by each flow tip velocity measuring device is measured, and the apparent shear stress τ (Pa) of the sample is calculated by the following equation for each flow tip velocity. Obtained for each measurement position of the measuring instrument,
τ = W × h × g × sin θ… (1)
Here,
W: Unit volume mass of sample (kg / m 3 )
h: Height of the sample when passing through the measurement position of the flow tip velocity measuring device (m)
g: Gravity acceleration (9.807m / sec 2 )
θ: Inclination angle The flow tip velocity obtained for each measurement position of the plurality of flow tip velocity measuring instruments or the strain rate calculated using the flow tip velocity, and the regression line obtained from the apparent shear stress τ (Pa). As the apparent shear stress τ (Pa) in the section where the flow tip velocity is 0, the apparent yield value τy (Pa), and the slope of the regression line as the apparent plastic viscosity η (Pa · s / m or Pa · s). A method for measuring the rheological constant of concrete, which is characterized in that it is obtained.
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