JP6958068B2 - Abnormality diagnosis system and abnormality diagnosis method for rotating machinery and equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an abnormality diagnosis system and an abnormality diagnosis method for rotating machinery and equipment.

In recent years, wind power generation is rapidly becoming widespread as a clean energy source that does not generate carbon dioxide, which causes global warming.

In a wind power generator, the rotational movement of the rotor due to the force of the wind is used as the power source of the generator, and the main bearings and generator bearings that rotatably support the spindle to which the rotor is mounted are important components. In such rotating machinery and equipment, as a technique for diagnosing abnormalities associated with the rotation of constituent members of the rotating machinery and equipment, the frequency component of the frequency spectrum of vibration is divided by the rotation speed to obtain the measured vibration level for each vibration order for diagnosis. A technique for diagnosing the presence or absence of an abnormality in a target device is disclosed (for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-71738

The frequency component of the frequency spectrum shown in the above-mentioned prior art includes a natural frequency component of an object on which the sensor is installed and a power source frequency component. Therefore, if the difference between the frequency caused by the damage of the device to be diagnosed and the natural frequency or power frequency of the object to be installed of the sensor is small, there is a possibility that an abnormality of the device to be diagnosed is erroneously diagnosed.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an abnormality diagnosis system and an abnormality diagnosis method for rotating machinery and equipment capable of appropriately diagnosing abnormalities in rotating machinery and equipment. ..

In order to achieve the above object, the abnormality diagnosis system for rotating machinery and equipment according to one aspect of the present invention is an abnormality diagnosis system for rotating machinery and equipment having bearings, and is a detection device for detecting vibration and rotation speed of the bearing. And a diagnostic device for diagnosing an abnormality of the bearing by using the peak components of the vibration at a plurality of different rotation speeds.

As a result, the peak component that does not depend on the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the rotation mechanism, which is the target of abnormality diagnosis, and the peak component that changes in proportion to the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the rotation mechanism because the rotation mechanism is damaged. Can be identified. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately diagnose the presence or absence of damage to the bearing of the rotating mechanism in the rotating mechanical equipment.

As a desirable embodiment of the abnormality diagnosis system of the rotating machine equipment, the diagnostic device is used when the rotation speed ratios at a plurality of different rotation speeds and the frequency ratios of the peak components at a plurality of different rotation speeds match. It is preferable to determine an abnormality.

This prevents erroneous detection of a peak component that does not depend on the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the rotation mechanism, which is the target of abnormality diagnosis, as a specific peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotation mechanism is in a specific damaged state. can.

As a desirable embodiment of the abnormality diagnosis system of the rotating machine equipment, the diagnostic apparatus extracts a first peak component indicating that the bearing is in a specific damaged state at the first rotation speed, and and the first rotation speed and the same. Extracts a second peak component indicating that the bearing is in a specific damaged state at different second rotation speeds, obtains a rotation speed ratio between the first rotation speed and the second rotation speed, and the first peak component. It is preferable to diagnose that the bearing is in a specific damaged state when the frequency ratio of the above frequency and the frequency of the second peak component match.

Thereby, it is possible to diagnose that the bearing of the rotating mechanism, which is the object of abnormality diagnosis, is in a specific damaged state.

The method for diagnosing an abnormality in a rotating machine or equipment according to one aspect of the present invention is a method for diagnosing an abnormality in a rotating machine or equipment having a bearing, and includes a first step of extracting a peak component of vibration at a plurality of different rotation speeds and a first step, respectively. In the second step of determining whether or not there is a specific peak component indicating that the bearing is in a specific damaged state among the peak components for each of a plurality of different rotation speeds, and in the second step, respectively. When there are the specific peak components at a plurality of different rotation speeds, the third step of determining whether or not the rotation speed ratios of the plurality of rotation speeds and the frequency ratios of the specific peak components match. Have.

As a result, the peak component that does not depend on the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the rotation mechanism, which is the target of abnormality diagnosis, and the peak component that changes in proportion to the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the rotation mechanism because the bearing is damaged. Can be identified. In addition, it is possible to identify the damaged state of the bearing of the rotating mechanism, which is the target of abnormality diagnosis.

As a desirable aspect of the method for diagnosing abnormalities in rotating machinery and equipment, it is preferable to diagnose that the bearing is not damaged in the second step when the specific peak component is not present at any of the plurality of different rotation speeds. ..

As a result, when a peak component that does not depend on the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the rotation mechanism that is the target of abnormality diagnosis at any one of the rotation speeds is erroneously detected as a specific peak component indicating that the bearing is in a specific damaged state. However, if a peak component that does not depend on the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the rotation mechanism at the other rotation speed is not detected as a specific peak component indicating that the bearing is in a specific damaged state, the peak component is the peak component. , Not detected as a specific peak component indicating that the bearing is in a specific damaged state.

As a desirable aspect of the method for diagnosing an abnormality of a rotating machine or equipment, the rotation mechanism is specified when the rotation speed ratios of a plurality of different rotation speeds and the frequency ratios of the specific peak components match in the third step. It is preferable to diagnose the condition of damage.

Thereby, it is possible to diagnose that the bearing of the rotating mechanism, which is the object of abnormality diagnosis, is in a specific damaged state.

As a desirable aspect of the method for diagnosing abnormalities in rotating machinery and equipment, in the third step, when the rotation ratios of a plurality of different rotation speeds and the frequency ratios of the specific peak components do not match, the bearing is damaged. It is preferable to diagnose that there is no such thing.

As a result, even when a peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotating mechanism is in a specific damaged state is detected at different rotation speeds, the rotation ratio and the peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotating mechanism is in a specific damaged state are detected. If the frequency ratio of the peak component detected as does not match, the peak component is not detected as a specific peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotating mechanism is in a specific damaged state.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an abnormality diagnosis system and an abnormality diagnosis method for rotating machinery and equipment capable of appropriately diagnosing an abnormality in rotating machinery and equipment.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of the abnormality diagnosis system of the rotary machine equipment according to the embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the wind power generator. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a diagnostic device in the abnormality diagnosis system of the rotating machine equipment according to the embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of frequency characteristics after envelope processing. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a frequency spectrum when the bearing of the rotating mechanism is not damaged. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a frequency spectrum when the bearing of the rotating mechanism is damaged. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of an abnormality diagnosis procedure of the rotating machine equipment according to the embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the first acquired data information. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the second acquired data information.

Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the invention (hereinafter referred to as embodiments) will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. In addition, the components in the following embodiments include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art, those that are substantially the same, that is, those in a so-called equal range. Further, the components disclosed in the following embodiments can be appropriately combined.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of the abnormality diagnosis system of the rotary machine equipment according to the embodiment. In this embodiment, the wind power generator 100 is illustrated as an example of rotary mechanical equipment.

The abnormality diagnosis system 1 of the wind power generator (rotary machine equipment) 100 according to the embodiment is, for example, in a wind farm in which hundreds of wind power generators 100 are installed on a vast site or offshore. It includes a detection device 10 provided in the generator 100 and a diagnostic device 20 provided in, for example, a management facility inside or outside a wind farm.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the wind power generator. The wind power generator 100 includes a detection device 10, a rotor 30, a speed increaser 50, and a generator 60. The detection device 10, the speed increaser 50, and the generator 60 are housed in the nacelle 70. The speed increaser 50 and the generator 60 are mounted on a base (frame) 90 supported by the tower 80.

The rotor 30 includes a hub 31 and a plurality of blades 32 provided on the hub 31. The hub 31 is connected to the speed increaser 50 via the spindle 40 and is rotatably supported by the spindle 41. The spindle 40 transmits the rotational torque generated when the rotor 30 rotates due to the blade 32 receiving wind power to the speed increaser 50.

The speed increaser 50 is provided between the spindle 40 and the generator 60. The speed increaser 50 is composed of, for example, a gear speed increase mechanism including a planetary gear, an intermediate shaft, a high speed shaft, and the like provided in the gear box.

The speed increaser 50 increases the rotational speed of the main shaft 40, and outputs the increased rotational torque to the generator 60 via the generator shaft 61 rotatably supported by the generator bearing 62. Although not particularly shown, a plurality of bearings for rotatably supporting a plurality of shafts are provided in the speed increaser 50. Further, in the gear box of the speed increaser 50, lubricating oil for lubricating the gear speed increase mechanism in an oil bath is stored.

The generator 60 generates electricity by the rotational torque received from the speed increaser 50 via the generator shaft 61. The generator 60 is composed of, for example, an induction generator or a synchronous generator. In the example shown in FIG. 2, only the generator bearing 62 is described, but the generator shaft 61 may be rotatably supported by a plurality of generator bearings 62. Further, when the generator 60 is a synchronous generator capable of variable speed operation, the configuration may not include the speed increaser 50.

Each bearing including the main bearing 41, the generator bearing 61, and the like is composed of single-row or double-row rolling bearings such as self-aligning roller bearings, conical roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, and ball bearings. The present invention is not limited to the type and configuration of each of these bearings.

The detection device 10 includes a data collection unit 11, a vibration sensor 12, and a rotation speed sensor 13.

The vibration sensor 12 is, for example, an acceleration sensor, a speed sensor, a displacement sensor, or the like, and detects vibration generated in the wind power generator 100.

The vibration generated in the wind power generator 100 is, for example, the wind power generated when the wind power generator 100 receives wind pressure in addition to the vibration generated depending on the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the spindle 40, the generator shaft 61, and the like. It is considered that the natural vibration of each component of the generator 100 is included. Further, it is considered that the vibration frequency detected by the vibration sensor 12 includes a frequency component that does not depend on the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the main shaft 40 such as the power supply frequency and the generator shaft 61.

In the example shown in FIG. 2, the configuration in which the vibration sensor 12 is provided only is illustrated, but for example, a plurality of vibration sensors 12 may be provided in the housing of the generator 60, or the housing of the speed increaser 50 or the main bearing in the nacelle 70. It may be provided at a portion where abnormal vibration generated due to damage such as wear or deformation of the bearing is easily detected, such as in the vicinity of 41. The present invention is not limited by the number of vibration sensors 12, the mounting position, and the like.

The rotation speed sensor 13 is, for example, a rotation sensor such as a proximity sensor, a rotary encoder, or a resolver, and detects, for example, the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the spindle 40 or the generator 60. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the configuration in which the generator 60 is targeted for abnormality diagnosis and the rotation speed sensor 13 for detecting the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the generator 60 is provided is exemplified. The rotation mechanism to be subject to abnormality diagnosis is not limited to the generator 60, and for example, each member in the gear box of the spindle 40 and the speed increaser 50 may be subject to abnormality diagnosis. The present invention is not limited by the number and type of rotation mechanisms and rotation speed sensors 13 to be diagnosed for abnormalities, mounting positions, and the like.

The data collection unit 11 collects the vibration detected by the vibration sensor 12 and the rotation speed detected by the rotation speed sensor 13. The detection device 10 outputs the vibration and the rotation speed collected by the data collection unit 11 to the diagnostic device 20 via the network 200 (see FIG. 1). The network 200 may be, for example, an Internet line or a LAN (Local Area Network). Further, each wind power generator 100 in the collective wind power plant is connected by a LAN, and a VPN (Virtual Private Network) is constructed with the LAN of an external management facility provided with the diagnostic device 20. Is also good.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a diagnostic device in the abnormality diagnosis system of the rotating machine equipment according to the embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, the diagnostic device 20 is, for example, a general information processing terminal such as a PC, and includes a processing unit 21, a storage unit 22, a communication unit 23, an input unit 24, and a display unit 25, and each unit is provided. Is configured to be able to send and receive data via the bus 26.

The processing unit 21 is a component unit that transfers data between each unit via a predetermined memory and controls the entire diagnostic device 20, and a CPU (Central Processing Unit) stores a program in a predetermined memory. It is realized by executing.

The storage unit 22 is a component unit that stores data from the processing unit 21 and reads out the data stored by the processing unit 21, and is, for example, a non-volatile unit such as an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) or SSD (Solid State Drive). It is realized by a sexual memory device.

The communication unit 23 is a configuration unit that communicates with the detection device 10 of each wind power generator 100, and is realized by, for example, a NIC (Network Interface Card) or the like.

The input unit 24 is a configuration unit in which an operator inputs data and instructions, and is realized by, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a touch panel, or the like.

The display unit 25 is a component unit that displays data according to an instruction from the processing unit 21, and is realized by, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD: Liquid Crystal Display) or the like.

The diagnostic device 20 is operated by an abnormality diagnosis processing program stored in the storage unit 22, and the abnormality diagnosis processing according to the embodiment is realized by this abnormality diagnosis processing program.

The diagnostic device 20 inputs the vibration and the rotation speed of each wind power generator 100 installed in the collective wind power plant, and performs an abnormality diagnosis of the wind power generator (rotary machine equipment) 100 based on the vibration and the rotation speed.

The diagnostic device 20 analyzes the frequency of the vibration detected by the vibration sensor 12. Specifically, for example, the diagnostic apparatus 20 performs envelope (envelope) processing on digital data obtained by AD-converting an analog vibration value, and frequency-analyzes the data after the envelope processing by Fourier transform. The present invention is not limited by the vibration frequency analysis method.

Further, the diagnostic device 20 calculates the rotation frequency of the rotation mechanism (here, the generator 60) to be abnormally diagnosed from the rotation speed detected by the rotation speed sensor 13.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of frequency characteristics after envelope processing. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the vertical axis represents the vibration value and the horizontal axis represents the frequency. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the frequency characteristics of vibration at two different rotation speeds when the bearing of the rotation mechanism (here, the generator 60) is damaged are illustrated.

In the example shown in FIG. 4, the peak frequencies in the frequency characteristics after the envelope processing appear at regular intervals. Moreover, when the rotation speed fluctuates, the peak frequency also fluctuates in proportion to this.

When the rotating mechanism to be subject to abnormality diagnosis is the generator 60, the rotation frequency of the generator 60 is fr, the number of rolling elements of the generator bearing 61 is Z, the diameter of the rolling elements is Dw, and the revolution pitch circle diameter of the rolling elements. When is PCD and the contact angle is α, the damage frequency Zfc of the outer ring of the generator bearing 61, the damage frequency Zfi of the inner ring, the damage frequency fb of the rolling element, and the damage frequency fc of the cage are as shown in the following equation (1), respectively. As represented by Eqs. (2), (3), and (4), it is proportional to the rotation frequency of the rotation mechanism (here, the generator 60).

Zfc = fr * Z / 2 * (1 + Dw / PCD * cosα) ・ ・ ・ (1)

Zfi = fr * Z / 2 * (1-Dw / PCD * cosα) ・ ・ ・ (2)

fb = fr * (1- (Dw / PCD * cosα) ² ) * PCD / Dw ... (3)

fc = fr / 2 * (1 + Dw / PCD * cosα) ・ ・ ・ (4)

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a frequency spectrum when the bearing of the rotating mechanism is not damaged. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a frequency spectrum when the bearing of the rotating mechanism is damaged. In the examples shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the vertical axis represents the vibration level and the horizontal axis represents the frequency. In the examples shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the frequency spectra of vibrations at two different rotation speeds r1 and r2 are illustrated.

As shown in FIG. 5, when the bearing of the rotation mechanism is not damaged, peak components A and B having the same frequency are generated at different rotation speeds r1 and r2. The peak components A and B are frequency components that do not depend on the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the rotation mechanism, such as the natural vibration of each component of the wind power generator 100 and the power supply frequency.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6, when the bearing of the rotating mechanism is damaged, different peak components C and D are generated at different rotation speeds r1 and r2 in addition to the peak components A and B. In this case, the following equation (5) is established between the frequency f1 of the peak component generated at the rotation speed r1 and the rotation speed r1, the frequency f2 of the peak component generated at the rotation speed r2, and the rotation speed r2.

r1 / r2 = f1 / f2 ... (5)

In the present embodiment, vibration is detected at different rotation speeds r1 and r2, and the peaks in which the above equations (1), (2), (3) and (4) are satisfied for each of the different rotation speeds r1 and r2. Determine if there is a component. Then, when any of the above equations (1), (2), (3), and (4) is satisfied, is there a combination satisfying the above equation (5) at each rotation speed r1 and r2? Judge whether or not. Hereinafter, the procedure for diagnosing an abnormality of the rotating machine equipment according to the embodiment will be described.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of an abnormality diagnosis procedure of the rotating machine equipment according to the embodiment. The specification data of the rotating mechanism used in the following procedure (here, the number Z of the rolling elements of the generator bearing 61, the diameter Dw of the rolling elements, the revolution pitch circle diameter PCD of the rolling elements, and the contact angle α), It is assumed that the above equations (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5) are stored in the storage unit 22 in advance.

First, the diagnostic device 20 acquires the vibration detected by the vibration sensor 12 and the first rotation speed r1 detected by the rotation speed sensor from the detection device 10 and stores them in the storage unit 22 (step S101). The first rotation frequency fr1 is calculated from the acquired first rotation speed r1 and stored in the storage unit 22 (step S102). In addition, the diagnostic device 20 performs an envelope (envelope) process of the acquired vibration (step S103).

Subsequently, the diagnostic apparatus 20 performs frequency analysis of the vibration after the envelope processing (step S104). Further, the diagnostic apparatus 20 extracts the frequency of the peak component from the frequency analysis result (step S105). Then, the diagnostic apparatus 20 sets the frequency of the extracted peak component to the first peak component frequency f1 (f1 (1), f1 (2), f1 (3), ..., F1 (n)) and makes the first rotation. Together with the number r1 and the first rotation frequency fr1, it is stored in the storage unit 22 as the first acquired data information shown in FIG. 8 (step S106).

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the first acquired data information. In the example shown in FIG. 8, an example in which n peak components are extracted in step S105 is shown.

Subsequently, the diagnostic apparatus 20 uses the above equations (1), (2), (3), and (4) to describe the following equations (6), (7), (8), and (9). ), It is determined whether or not there is a first peak frequency f1 (f1 (1), f1 (2), f1 (3), ..., F1 (n)) that satisfies the equation (step S107). The first rotation frequency fr1 is substituted for the rotation frequency fr in each of the above equations (1), (2), (3), and (4).

f1 (1 to n) = Zfc1 ... (6)

f1 (1 to n) = Zfi1 ... (7)

f1 (1 to n) = fb1 ... (8)

f1 (1 to n) = fc1 ... (9)

First peak frequencies f1 (f1 (1), f1 (2), f1 (3), ..., F1 (n) satisfying the above equations (6), (7), (8), and (9). )) Is not present (step S107; No), the diagnostic apparatus 20 determines that the bearing of the rotating mechanism, which is the target of the abnormality diagnosis, is not damaged (step S302), and displays the determination result on the display unit 25 or Update (step S304) and return to step S101.

First peak frequencies f1 (f1 (1), f1 (2), f1 (3), ..., F1 (n) satisfying the above equations (6), (7), (8), and (9). )), The diagnostic device 20 stores the determination result in step S107 as the first damage information in the storage unit 22 (step S108).

Subsequently, the diagnostic device 20 acquires the vibration detected by the vibration sensor 12 and the second rotation speed r2 detected by the rotation speed sensor from the detection device 10 (step S201), and the acquired second rotation speed. Is r2 larger than the first rotation speed r1 multiplied by the predetermined coefficient k (k ≠ 0) (r2> kr1), or from the first rotation speed r1 obtained by multiplying the acquired second rotation speed r2 by the predetermined coefficient k. Is also small (r2 <kr1) (step S210). When r2> kr1 or r2 <kr1 is satisfied (step S210; Yes), the diagnostic apparatus 20 calculates the second rotation frequency fr2 from the acquired second rotation speed r2 and stores it in the storage unit 22 (step S202). If r2> kr1 or r2 <kr1 is not satisfied (step S210; No), the process returns to step S201. In addition, the diagnostic device 20 performs an envelope (envelope) process of the acquired vibration (step S203).

Subsequently, the diagnostic apparatus 20 performs frequency analysis of the vibration after the envelope processing (step S204). Further, the diagnostic apparatus 20 extracts the frequency of the peak component from the frequency analysis result (step S205). Then, the diagnostic apparatus 20 sets the frequency of the extracted peak component to the second peak component frequency f2 (f2 (1), f2 (2), f2 (3), ..., F2 (n)) and makes the second rotation. It is stored in the storage unit 22 as the second acquired data information shown in FIG. 9 together with the number r2 and the second rotation frequency fr2 (step S206).

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the second acquired data information. In the example shown in FIG. 9, an example in which n peak components are extracted in step S205 is shown.

Subsequently, the diagnostic apparatus 20 uses the above equations (1), (2), (3), and (4) to use the following equations (10), (11), (12), and (13). ), It is determined whether or not there is a second peak frequency f2 (f2 (1), f2 (2), f2 (3), ..., F2 (n)) that satisfies the equation (step S207). The second rotation frequency fr2 is substituted for the rotation frequency fr in each of the above equations (1), (2), (3), and (4).

f2 (1 to n) = Zfc2 ... (10)

f2 (1 to n) = Zfi2 ... (11)

f2 (1 to n) = fb2 ... (12)

f2 (1 to n) = fc2 ... (13)

Second peak frequencies f2 (f2 (1), f2 (2), f2 (3), ..., F2 (n) satisfying the above equations (10), (11), (12), and (13). )) Is not present (step S207; No), the diagnostic apparatus 20 determines that the bearing of the rotating mechanism, which is the target of the abnormality diagnosis, is not damaged (step S302), and displays the determination result on the display unit 25 or Update (step S304) and return to step S101.

Second peak frequencies f2 (f2 (1), f2 (2), f2 (3), ..., F2 (n) satisfying the above equations (10), (11), (12), and (13). )), The diagnostic device 20 stores the determination result in step S207 in the storage unit 22 as the second damage information (step S208).

Subsequently, the diagnostic apparatus 20 compares the first damage information and the second damage information, and uses the above equation (5) to use the following equations (14), (15), (16), and (17). It is determined whether or not any of the equations is satisfied (step S301).

r1 / r2 = Zfc1 / Zfc2 ... (14)

r1 / r2 = Zfi1 / Zfi2 ... (15)

r1 / r2 = fb1 / fb2 ... (16)

r1 / r2 = fc1 / fc2 ... (17)

If none of the above equations (14), (15), (16), and (17) is satisfied (step S301; No), the diagnostic apparatus 20 is attached to the bearing of the rotating mechanism that is the object of abnormality diagnosis. It is determined that there is no damage (step S302), the determination result is displayed or updated on the display unit 25 (step S304), and the process returns to step S101.

When any of the above equations (14), (15), (16), and (17) is satisfied (step S301; Yes), the diagnostic apparatus 20 is attached to the bearing of the rotating mechanism which is the object of abnormality diagnosis. It is determined that there is damage (step S303), the determination result is displayed or updated on the display unit 25 (step S304), and the process returns to step S101. At this time, if the above equation (14) is satisfied, the outer ring of the generator bearing 61 is damaged, and if the above equation (15) is satisfied, the inner ring of the generator bearing 61 is damaged. If the equation (16) is satisfied, the rolling element of the generator bearing 61 is damaged, and if the equation (17) is satisfied, the cage of the generator bearing 61 is damaged. As described above, in the present embodiment, it is possible to diagnose that the bearing of the rotating mechanism, which is the object of abnormality diagnosis, is in a specific damaged state.

In the present embodiment, as described above, vibrations are acquired at different rotation speeds, and the peak components for which the above equations (1), (2), (3), and (4) are established for each different rotation speed. That is, it is determined whether or not there is a specific peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotating mechanism, which is the object of abnormality diagnosis, is in a specific damaged state. Then, when any of the above equations (1), (2), (3), and (4) is satisfied, that is, a specific peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotating mechanism is in a specific damaged state. If there is, it is detected as a specific peak component indicating whether or not there is a combination satisfying the above equation (5) at each rotation speed, that is, the rotation speed ratio and the bearing of the rotation mechanism are in a specific damaged state. It is determined whether or not the frequency ratio of the peak component matches.

By performing such a process, the bearing of the rotating mechanism is in a specific damaged state with a peak component that does not depend on the rotating speed (rotational speed) of the rotating mechanism, which is the object of abnormality diagnosis at one of the rotating speeds. Even if it is erroneously detected as the specific peak component shown, the peak component that does not depend on the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the rotation mechanism at the other rotation speed is used as the specific peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotation mechanism is in a specific damaged state. If not detected, the peak component is not detected as a specific peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotating mechanism is in a specific damaged state. Further, even when a specific peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotating mechanism is in a specific damaged state is detected at different rotation speeds, the rotation speed ratio and a specific peak indicating that the bearing of the rotating mechanism is in a specific damaged state are detected. If the frequency ratio of the peak component detected as a component does not match, the peak component is not detected as a specific peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotating mechanism is in a specific damaged state.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the peak component that does not depend on the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the rotation mechanism, which is the object of abnormality diagnosis, is erroneously detected as a specific peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotation mechanism is in a specific damaged state. Is suppressed. As a result, it is possible to appropriately diagnose whether or not the bearing of the rotating mechanism (here, the generator 60), which is the object of abnormality diagnosis, is damaged.

In order to improve the abnormality diagnosis accuracy in the abnormality diagnosis process shown in FIG. 7 described above, the difference between the first rotation speed r1 acquired in step S101 and the second rotation speed r2 acquired in step S201 is large. It is preferable that, for example, the predetermined coefficient k in step S210 is 2 or more (k ≧ 2) or 1/2 or less (k ≦ 1/2).

Further, for example, when the generator 60 is an induction generator capable of multi-speed operation by switching the number of poles, an embodiment in which a pole number switching determination step is provided between step S108 and step S201 instead of step S210. It may be.

Further, for example, when the generator 60 is a synchronous generator capable of variable speed operation, the first threshold value for detecting the first rotation speed r1 and the second rotation speed r2 are detected instead of step S210. A second threshold value for this purpose may be provided, a first rotation speed detection step may be provided after step S101, and a second rotation speed detection step may be provided after step S201.

Further, the number of rotations when acquiring vibration is not limited to two, and for example, an embodiment may be used in which vibrations at three or more different rotation speeds are acquired to perform an abnormality diagnosis.

Further, when extracting the peak component frequency in step S105 and step S205, only the frequency of the peak component whose peak value is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold value may be extracted. As a result, it is possible to prevent the processing in steps S107, S207, and S301 from becoming unnecessarily heavy. In this case, the threshold value does not necessarily have to be constant, and may be increased or decreased according to the frequency, for example.

In the present embodiment, the generator 60 of the wind power generator 100 is exemplified as the rotation mechanism for which the abnormality diagnosis is made, but the rotation mechanism for which the abnormality diagnosis is made is not limited to this, and as described above, for example, The bearings in the gearbox of the spindle 40 and the speed increaser 50 may be subject to abnormality diagnosis, or various bearings in rotating machinery and equipment other than the wind power generator 100 may be subject to abnormality diagnosis. good.

Further, the peak components that can be detected as specific peak components indicating that the bearing of the rotating mechanism, which is the target of abnormality diagnosis, is in a specific damaged state, are the outer ring, inner ring, and rolling element of the bearing exemplified in this embodiment. And, it is not limited to the peak component generated by the damage of the cage.

As described above, in the abnormality diagnosis system 1 and the abnormality diagnosis method of the rotating machinery and equipment according to the embodiment, the peak components of vibrations at a plurality of different rotation speeds r1 and r2 are used to determine the abnormality diagnosis target of the rotation mechanism. Diagnose abnormalities.

As a result, the peak component that does not depend on the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the rotation mechanism, which is the target of abnormality diagnosis, and the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the rotation mechanism change in proportion to the damage of the bearing of the rotation mechanism. It can be distinguished from the peak component. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately diagnose the presence or absence of damage to the bearing of the rotating mechanism in the rotating mechanical equipment.

Specifically, when the rotation speed ratio r1 / r2 at a plurality of different rotation speeds r1 and r2 and the frequency ratio f1 / f2 of the peak component at a plurality of different rotation speeds r1 and r2 match (r1 /). r2 = f1 / f2) Abnormality is determined.

This prevents erroneous detection of a peak component that does not depend on the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the rotation mechanism, which is the target of abnormality diagnosis, as a specific peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotation mechanism is in a specific damaged state. can.

Further, at the first rotation speed r1, the first peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotation mechanism is in a specific damaged state is detected, and at the second rotation speed r2 different from the first rotation speed r1, the bearing of the rotation mechanism Detects the second peak component indicating that is in a specific damaged state, the rotation ratio r1 / r2 between the first rotation number r1 and the second rotation number r2, and the frequencies f1 and the second peak of the first peak component. When the frequency ratio f1 / f2 with the frequency f2 of the component matches (r1 / r2 = f1 / f2), it is diagnosed that the bearing of the rotating mechanism is in a specific damaged state.

Thereby, it is possible to diagnose that the bearing of the rotating mechanism, which is the object of abnormality diagnosis, is in a specific damaged state.

Further, in the method for diagnosing an abnormality of rotating machinery and equipment according to the embodiment, peak components of vibration are extracted at a plurality of different rotation speeds r1 and r2, and for each of the plurality of rotation speeds r1 and r2, the rotation mechanism of the abnormality diagnosis target Determine if there is a specific peak component that indicates that the bearing is in a specific damaged state. Then, when there are specific peak components at a plurality of different rotation speeds r1 and r2, does the rotation speed ratio r1 / r2 of the plurality of rotation speeds r1 and r2 match the frequency ratio f1 / f2 of the specific peak component? Judge whether or not.

As a result, the peak component that does not depend on the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the rotation mechanism, which is the target of abnormality diagnosis, and the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the rotation mechanism change in proportion to the damage of the bearing of the rotation mechanism. It can be distinguished from the peak component. In addition, it is possible to identify the damaged state of the bearing of the rotating mechanism, which is the target of abnormality diagnosis.

Further, when there is no specific peak component at any of a plurality of different rotation speeds r1 and r2, it is diagnosed that the bearing of the rotation mechanism is not damaged.

As a result, the peak component that does not depend on the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the rotation mechanism, which is the target of abnormal diagnosis at any one of the rotation speeds, is mistaken as a specific peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotation mechanism is in a specific damaged state. Even if it is detected, when the peak component that does not depend on the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the rotation mechanism at the other rotation speed is not detected as a specific peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotation mechanism is in a specific damaged state. Is not detected as a specific peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotating mechanism is in a specific damaged state.

Further, when the rotation speed ratios r1 / r2 of a plurality of different rotation speeds r1 and r2 and the frequency ratio f1 / f2 of the specific peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotation mechanism is in a specific damaged state match. Diagnose that the bearing of the rotating mechanism is in a specific damaged state.

Thereby, it is possible to diagnose that the bearing of the rotating mechanism, which is the object of abnormality diagnosis, is in a specific damaged state.

Further, when the rotation ratios r1 / r2 of a plurality of different rotations r1 and r2 and the frequency ratio f1 / f2 of the specific peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotation mechanism is in a specific damaged state do not match, Diagnose that the bearing of the rotating mechanism is not damaged.

As a result, even when a specific peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotating mechanism is in a specific damaged state is detected at different rotation speeds, the rotation ratio and the specification indicating that the bearing of the rotating mechanism is in a specific damaged state are specified. If the frequency ratio of the peak component detected as the peak component does not match, the peak component is not detected as a specific peak component indicating that the bearing of the rotating mechanism is in a specific damaged state.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain an abnormality diagnosis system and an abnormality diagnosis method for rotating machinery and equipment capable of appropriately diagnosing an abnormality in the rotating machinery and equipment.

1 Abnormality diagnosis system 10 Detection device 11 Data collection unit 12 Vibration sensor 13 Operation status sensor 20 Diagnostic device 21 Processing unit 22 Storage unit 23 Communication unit 24 Input unit 25 Display unit 26 Bus 30 Rotor 31 Hub 32 Blade 40 Main shaft 41 Main bearing 50 Accelerator 60 Generator 61 Generator shaft 62 Generator bearing 70 Nacelle 80 Tower 90 Base (frame)
100 Wind power generator (rotary machinery equipment)
200 networks

Claims (6)

An abnormality diagnosis system for rotating machinery and equipment with bearings.
A detection device that detects the vibration and rotation speed of the bearing, and
A diagnostic device for diagnosing an abnormality in the bearing by using the peak components of the vibration at a plurality of different rotation speeds.
Equipped with a,
The diagnostic device is
An abnormality diagnosis system for rotating machinery and equipment that determines an abnormality when the rotation speed ratios at a plurality of different rotation speeds and the frequency ratios of the peak components at a plurality of different rotation speeds match. An abnormality diagnosis system for rotating machinery and equipment with bearings.
A detection device that detects the vibration and rotation speed of the bearing, and
A diagnostic device for diagnosing an abnormality in the bearing by using the peak components of the vibration at a plurality of different rotation speeds.
Equipped with a,
The diagnostic device is
The first peak component indicating that the bearing is in a specific damaged state at the first rotation speed is extracted, and the bearing is in a specific damaged state at a second rotation speed different from the first rotation speed. The second peak component indicating the above is extracted, and the rotation speed ratio between the first rotation speed and the second rotation speed matches the frequency ratio between the frequency of the first peak component and the frequency of the second peak component. An abnormality diagnosis system for rotating machinery and equipment that diagnoses the bearing as having a specific damaged state. This is a method for diagnosing abnormalities in rotating machinery and equipment with bearings.
The first step of extracting the peak component of vibration at a plurality of different rotation speeds,
A second step of determining whether or not there is a specific peak component indicating that the bearing is in a specific damaged state among the peak components for each of a plurality of different rotation speeds.
In the second step, when the specific peak component is present at a plurality of different rotation speeds, it is determined whether or not the rotation speed ratio of the plurality of rotation speeds and the frequency ratio of the specific peak component match. The third step to do and
A method for diagnosing abnormalities in rotating machinery and equipment. The method for diagnosing an abnormality in rotating machinery and equipment according to claim 3 , wherein in the second step, when the specific peak component is not present at any of the plurality of different rotation speeds, it is diagnosed that the bearing is not damaged. In the third step, when a plurality of the rotational speed of the rotational speed ratio different from each frequency ratio of the specific peak component matches, according to claim 3 to diagnose that the bearing is a specific damage state How to diagnose abnormalities in rotating machinery and equipment. The rotating machine according to claim 3 , wherein in the third step, when the rotation ratios of a plurality of different rotation speeds and the frequency ratios of the specific peak components do not match, it is diagnosed that the bearing is not damaged. Equipment abnormality diagnosis method.

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