JP6952460B2 - ガスタービンの燃焼システムにおける段階的な燃料および空気噴射 - Google Patents
ガスタービンの燃焼システムにおける段階的な燃料および空気噴射 Download PDFInfo
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- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
- F02C7/16—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
- F02C7/18—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
- F23R3/346—Feeding into different combustion zones for staged combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/12—Cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/14—Casings modified therefor
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
- F01D5/187—Convection cooling
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
- F01D9/023—Transition ducts between combustor cans and first stage of the turbine in gas-turbine engines; their cooling or sealings
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
- F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
- F01D9/041—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector using blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/06—Fluid supply conduits to nozzles or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
- F02C7/222—Fuel flow conduits, e.g. manifolds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
- F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/283—Attaching or cooling of fuel injecting means including supports for fuel injectors, stems, or lances
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/35—Combustors or associated equipment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D2260/201—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by impingement of a fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/03044—Impingement cooled combustion chamber walls or subassemblies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Description
11 圧縮器
12 タービン
13 燃焼器
14 圧縮器動翼列(動翼)
15 圧縮器静翼列(静翼)
16 タービン動翼
17 タービン静翼
18 中心軸
19 ヘッドエンド
20 後方フレーム
21 前方噴射器
22 燃料経路
23 ノズル
24 内側半径方向壁
25 外側半径方向壁
26 流れ環
26a 内部流れ環
26b 外部流れ環
27 エンドカバー
28 前方チャンバ
29 後方チャンバ、燃焼帯
30 キャップアセンブリ
31 燃焼器ケーシング
32 ライナ
33 ライナスリーブ
34 遷移要素
35 遷移スリーブ
37 作動流体流路
41 インピンジメントポート
42 開口
43 圧縮器排出ケーシング
44 圧縮器排出空洞
45 キャップ入口
50 段階的噴射システム
51 段階的噴射器
52 燃料通路
53 ノズル
54 外部ポート
55 ポート
56 燃料ポート
57 中心軸
58 噴射基準面
61 噴射ポート
62 混合チャンバ
63 シールド壁
67 前方基準面
68 中間基準面
69 後方基準面
70 上流燃焼帯
71 下流燃焼帯
72 タービン燃焼帯
75 バルブ
81 タービュレータ
82 溝
83 マイクロチャネル
85 軸方向隔壁
86 第3の半径方向壁
87 外側流れ環
88 スイッチバック冷媒流路
91 上流部
92 下流部
93 前方ポート
94 後方ポート
101 冷媒流路
101a 第1の冷媒流路
101b 第2の冷媒流路
103 吸気部
104 冷却回路
105 排気部
108 流路壁
108a 内部流路壁
108b 外部流路壁
109 環壁
109a 内部環壁
109b 外部環壁
111 軸方向隔壁
113 エーロフォイル
114 前縁
115 後縁
117 側壁
118 表面ポート
119 接続チャネル
Claims (9)
- タービン(12)に結合された燃焼器(13)であって、作動流体流路(37)が、前記タービン(12)と前記燃焼器(13)により画定され、前記作動流体流路(37)が、前記燃焼器(13)の前方噴射器(21)により規定された前端から、前記燃焼器(13)が前記タービン(12)に連なる接合部分を通った後、前記タービン(12)を通って、内部に規定された後端まで、長手軸に沿って後方に延びた、燃焼器(13)と、
前記作動流体流路(37)の周りに形成され、圧縮器(11)により供給された燃焼器給気を受容する圧縮器排出空洞(44)と、
前記前方噴射器(21)および前記作動流体流路(37)の長手軸に沿って軸方向後方に離隔した段階的噴射器(51)を具備する段階的噴射システム(50)と、
前記タービン(12)の円周方向に離隔した静翼列(17)内に位置決めされ、内部側壁と外部側壁との間で前記作動流体流路(37)を横切って延びたエーロフォイル(113)を備えた静翼(17)と、
前記前方噴射器(21)と前記段階的噴射器(51)との間で燃焼器供給燃料を分配するように構成された燃料配向構造と、
前記前方噴射器(21)と前記段階的噴射器(51)との間で前記燃焼器給気を分配する空気配向構造と、
を備え、
前記空気配向構造が、単方向の連続する冷媒流路(101)を具備しており、前記冷媒流路(101)が、
前記圧縮器排出空洞(44)に流体結合された上流ポートならびに前記内部側壁および前記外部側壁の一方を通して形成された下流ポートを備えた吸気部(103)と、
前記段階的噴射器(51)に流体結合された下流ポートならびに前記吸気部(103)の前記下流ポートが形成されたのと同じ前記内部側壁および前記外部側壁のいずれかを通して形成された上流ポートを備えた排気部(105)と、
前記静翼(17)の内部を通って延び、前記吸気部(103)を前記排気部(105)に接続する冷却回路(104)であって、前記吸気部(103)の前記下流ポートに連なる上流端および前記排気部(105)の前記上流ポートに連なる下流端を備えた、冷却回路(104)と、
を備えた、ガスタービン(10)。 - 前記冷却回路(104)が延びた前記静翼(17)の内部が、前記内部側壁、前記外部側壁及び、前記エーロフォイル(113)の少なくとも一つを含む、請求項1記載のガスタービン(10)。
- 前記作動流体流路(37)を囲む流れ環(26)と、
前記流れ環内(26)に位置決めされた軸方向隔壁(85)と、
をさらに備え、
前記静翼列(17)が、前記タービン(12)において、最前静翼列を備え、
前記冷媒流路(101)の前記吸気部(103)および前記排気部(105)が、前記軸方向隔壁(85)の両側に存在する前記流れ環(26)の隣接する軸方向部を備え、前記軸方向隔壁(85)が、それぞれの軸方向部を互いに流体封止するように構成された、請求項1または2に記載のガスタービン(10)。 - 前記吸気部(103)の前記下流ポートおよび前記排気部(105)の前記上流ポートがそれぞれ、前記内部側壁または、前記外部側壁を通して形成された、請求項3に記載のガスタービン(10)。
- 前記段階的噴射器(51)が、前記流れ環(26)と交差することにより、前記作動流体流路(37)内に噴射点を確保し、
前記噴射点の軸方向位置に対して、前方環部が前記噴射点の前側に規定され、後方環部が前記噴射点の後側に規定され、
前記ガスタービン(10)が、前記流れ環(26)に位置決めされることにより前記段階的噴射器(51)と軸方向に一致する第2の軸方向隔壁(111)をさらに備え、
前記第2の軸方向隔壁(111)が、
前記前方環部に流れ込む前記燃焼器給気の空気の実質的にすべてが、前記前方噴射器(21)に配向され、
前記後方環部に流れ込む前記燃焼器給気の空気の実質的にすべてが、前記段階的噴射器(51)に配向される、
ように、前記前方環部を前記後方環部に対して流体封止するように構成された、請求項3に記載のガスタービン(10)。 - 前記作動流体流路(37)を囲む流れ環(26)をさらに備え、
流路壁(108)が前記作動流体流路(37)を規定しており、前記流路壁(108)が、前記作動流体流路(37)に対向する高温面と、前記高温面の反対側に、前記流れ環(26)に対向する低温面とを有し、
環壁(109)が前記流路壁(108)を囲むとともにオフセットすることにより、両方の間に前記流れ環(26)を形成しており、前記環壁(109)が、前記流れ環に対向する高温面と、前記圧縮器排出空洞(44)と流体連通した低温面とを有し、
前記冷媒流路(101)の前記吸気部(103)の前記上流ポートが、前記環壁(109)の対応部を通して形成され、前記燃焼器給気の一部を前記吸気部(103)に進入可能とする開口(41)を備え、
前記開口(41)が、前記段階的噴射器(51)へと流れる前記燃焼器給気の部分を前記前方噴射器(21)へと流れる前記燃焼器給気の残りの部分に対して測定するように構成された、請求項4に記載のガスタービン(10)。 - 前記環壁(109)を通して形成された前記開口(41)が、前記流路壁(108)の前記低温面を冷却するように構成されたインピンジメントポート(41)を備え、
前記燃焼器給気の測定が、前記燃焼器給気の少なくとも50%を前記段階的噴射器(51)に配向することを含む、請求項6に記載のガスタービン(10)。 - 前記タービン(12)内において、
前記流路壁(108)が、前記作動流体流路(37)の内部境界を規定する内部流路壁(108a)と、前記作動流体流路(37)の外部境界を規定する外部流路壁(108b)とを備え、
前記流れ環(26)が、内部流れ環(26a)および外部流れ環(26b)を備え、前記環壁(109)が、内部環壁(109a)および外部環壁(109b)を備え、前記内部環壁(109a)および前記外部環壁(109b)がそれぞれ、前記内部流路壁(108a)および前記外部流路壁(108b)の軸方向部を備えており、
前記内部環壁(109a)が、前記内部流路壁(108a)からオフセットすることにより、両方の間に前記内部流れ環(26a)を形成しており、
前記外部環壁(109b)が、前記外部流路壁(108b)からオフセットすることにより、両方の間に前記外部流れ環(26b)を形成しており、
前記燃焼器(13)内において、
前記流路壁(108)が、内側半径方向壁(24)を備えており、
前記環壁(109)が、前記内側半径方向壁(24)の周りに形成された外側半径方向壁(25)を備え、前記内側半径方向壁(24)および前記外側半径方向壁(25)が、前記作動流体流路(37)の長手軸周りに同心円状に配置され、
前記タービン(12)が、前記内部流れ環(26a)内に位置決めされた第1の軸方向隔壁(85)をさらに備え、
前記冷媒流路(101)の前記吸気部(103)および前記排気部(105)が、前記第1の軸方向隔壁(85)の両側に存在する前記内部流れ環(26a)の隣接する軸方向部を備え、前記第1の軸方向隔壁(85)が、それぞれを互いに流体封止するように構成されており、
前記第1の軸方向隔壁(85)が、前記静翼(17)の前縁(114)と後縁(115)との間に規定された軸方向範囲内に位置決めされており、
前記冷媒流路(101)の前記吸気部(103)が、前記第1の軸方向隔壁(85)の後面に存在し、前記冷媒流路(101)の前記排気部(105)が、前記第1の軸方向隔壁(85)の前面に存在する、請求項6に記載のガスタービン(10)。 - 前記外部流れ環(26b)内に位置決めされた第1の軸方向隔壁(85)をさらに備え、
前記冷媒流路(101)の前記吸気部(103)および前記排気部(105)が、前記第1の軸方向隔壁(85)の両側に存在する前記外部流れ環(26b)の隣接する軸方向部を備え、前記第1の軸方向隔壁(85)が、それぞれを互いに流体封止するように構成されており、
前記第1の軸方向隔壁(85)が、前記静翼(17)の前縁(114)と後縁(115)との間に規定された軸方向範囲内に位置決めされており、
前記冷媒流路(101)の前記吸気部(103)が、前記第1の軸方向隔壁(85)の後面に存在し、前記冷媒流路(101)の前記排気部(105)が、前記第1の軸方向隔壁(85)の前面に存在する、請求項8に記載のガスタービン(10)。
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