JP6943353B2 - building - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a building, and more particularly to a building having improved lighting performance.

The following proposals have been made as a device to improve the solar daylighting performance inside a commercial building. Patent Document 1 proposes that a high window can be installed while securing a storage space by folding up the ceiling near the outer wall. Further, Patent Documents 2-6 propose to improve the lighting performance in the room by using a light shelf, a light duct, a daylighting type blind, a raised blind, and a daylighting film, respectively.

However, the above-mentioned daylighting method is highly specific because it is necessary to use a dedicated reflective material / material, a reflective form, and a light transmitting structure. Further, the method of increasing the window area (Patent Document 1) has a problem that the air conditioning load increases and a problem that a special structural plan for omitting the outer peripheral girder of the building is required.

By the way, it is common to use gypsum board or rock wool board for the ceiling and install an air conditioner, a lighting fixture, or the like in the ceiling. However, in the event of a large earthquake, the ceiling may fall, which may pose a danger to humans. From this point of view, weight reduction of the ceiling itself and the fixtures in the ceiling is required. It is also required to increase the ceiling height in order to improve the feeling of openness in the room.

In most air conditioning systems, an air conditioner indoor unit or FCU (fan coil unit) is installed in the ceiling, and air conditioning air is supplied to the room directly or through a duct. As an air conditioning system that enhances comfort, there is also a radiant air conditioning system in which cold and hot water pipes are installed on the ceiling panel.

Most of the lighting methods are those in which lighting fixtures are attached to the ceiling material.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-81411 Japanese Patent No. 3281330 Japanese Patent No. 5482433 Japanese Patent No. 3656385 Japanese Patent No. 5709000 Japanese Patent No. 4887092

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a novel technique capable of improving the lighting performance in a room.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following configuration. In one aspect of the present invention, an outer wall provided with a window, a horizontal ceiling portion located higher than the lower end of the outer peripheral girder in the center of the room, and an inclined ceiling portion (first inclined ceiling portion) lowered toward the outer wall. It is a building including a ceiling including the ceiling and an optical control unit provided outdoors or indoors to guide sunlight to the inclined ceiling portion. The height of the window-side end of the inclined ceiling portion may be substantially equal to the height of the lower end of the outer peripheral girder.

According to such a configuration, the solar radiation into the room is reflected at the sloping ceiling and reaches the center of the room. That is, it is possible to improve the brightness not only in the vicinity of the window but also in the center of the room.

It is also preferable that the building according to the above aspect includes a second inclined ceiling portion that becomes lower toward the wall facing the outer wall provided with the window. The wall facing the outer wall may be an outer wall or an inner wall, and in the case of an outer wall, a window may or may not be provided there.

According to such a configuration, the view factor between the first inclined ceiling portion and the second inclined ceiling portion becomes large, the light reflected by the first inclined ceiling portion reaches the second inclined ceiling portion, and the second It is possible to brighten the sloping ceiling and its immediate area. The light incident from the window is also reflected on the floor and furniture near the window. By adopting the second inclined ceiling portion, the view factor with the sunlight reflecting surface on the floor, furniture, etc. can be increased, and the second inclined ceiling portion and the area immediately below the second inclined ceiling portion can be brightened by these reflected lights.

In the above aspect, the light control unit may have any configuration as long as it can guide the solar radiation to the inclined ceiling portion, but is configured to include, for example, a blind, a light shelf, or a daylighting film. good. When adopting blinds, it is rational to install them outdoors if priority is given to the effect of shielding sunlight in the summer. Further, the light control unit may automatically control the slat angle of the blind and raise or lower the slat according to at least one of the solar radiation intensity and the solar zenith angle.

In the above aspect, it is also preferable to further provide an illumination unit in which the side surface of the window orthogonal girder is used as the irradiation surface for indirect illumination. In the above aspect, since the horizontal ceiling portion in the center of the room is arranged at a position higher than the lower end of the girder, the side surface of the window orthogonal girder can be used as the irradiation surface for indirect lighting. According to such a configuration, the brightness in the human field of view can be improved. Therefore, it is possible to enhance the sense of brightness of the space while suppressing the illuminance on the desk surface to save energy. In addition, the lighting equipment can be installed on a member (girder) that is difficult to fall due to a large earthquake, which enhances safety.

In the above aspect, it is also preferable to further include a writing rail provided directly on the ceiling or suspended from the ceiling. According to such a configuration, the lighting fixture can be moved directly above the desk even when the layout of the fixtures in the room is changed, the illuminance environment can be improved, and energy saving can be realized.

In the above aspect, it is also preferable that at least a part of the horizontal ceiling portion is made of a film material (thin layer material) such as cloth. By reducing the weight of the ceiling, it is difficult for the ceiling to fall even in the event of a large earthquake, and it is safe even if it falls.

In the above aspect, it is also preferable that the space between the ceiling and the slab is used as the air conditioning air supply path, and the air conditioning outlet is provided in the vicinity of the window of the inclined ceiling portion. With such a configuration, a radiant effect from the ceiling can be obtained and comfortable air conditioning with less air-conditioning feeling is possible in the room, and on the window side with a large air-conditioning load, comfortable air-conditioning is possible by the air-conditioned air from the air outlet. It becomes.

According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the lighting performance in the room.

It is a vertical sectional view of the building which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is an arrow view of the building which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows typically the ray trajectory of the sunlight incident on the building which concerns on 1st Embodiment from a window. It is a graph which shows the test result of the daylight illuminance of the desk upper surface by the ceiling form. It is a vertical sectional view of the building which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is an arrow view of the building which concerns on 2nd Embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the building according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description is intended to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, and does not limit the technical scope of the present invention to the embodiments.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the structure of the building 1 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is an arrow view from the direction of the AA line. As can be seen from the figure, the ceiling of the building 1 is lowered toward the horizontal ceiling portion 2 in the center of the room, the inclined ceiling portion 3 lowering toward the outer wall 7 on the window 6 side, and the wall 8 facing the outer wall 7. It has an inclined ceiling portion 4 and the like. The height of the horizontal ceiling portion 2 is located higher than the lower end 9a of the outer peripheral girder 9. The inclined ceiling portion 3 has the same height as the horizontal ceiling portion 2 at the end on the central side of the room, and the same height as the lower end 9a (upper side of the window 6 in the present embodiment) of the outer peripheral girder 9 at the end on the outer wall 7 side. That's right. Similarly, the inclined ceiling portion 4 has the same height as the horizontal ceiling portion 2 at the end portion on the center side of the room, and the same height as the lower end 9a of the outer peripheral girder 9 at the end portion on the wall 8 side.

The horizontal ceiling portion 2 is a membrane ceiling made of a film (thin layer) -like material such as cloth or a resin-based film. The structure of the membrane ceiling itself is not particularly limited, and any existing method can be adopted. In the present embodiment, a film material is stretched on the supports 21 and 22 suspended from the slab 10 to apply tension. However, as long as the horizontal ceiling portion 2 is horizontal as a whole, the tension may be weakened or the horizontal ceiling portion 2 may be freely suspended to form a curved surface.

In the present embodiment, the inclined ceiling portions 3 and 4 are composed of a decorative gypsum board suspended from a slab. The size and slope of the inclined ceiling portions 3 and 4 may be appropriately designed according to the shape of the chamber. For example, the horizontal length is 1.5 m and the height difference is 40 cm. The surfaces of the inclined ceiling portions 3 and 4 are painted white so as to efficiently reflect light. The shape and inclination of the inclined ceiling portion 3 and the inclined ceiling portion 4 may be the same or different. The inclined ceiling portions 3 and 4 may be used as a membrane ceiling.

Further, the building 1 according to the present embodiment is provided with an electric blind 11 and a control device (not shown) thereof outdoors. The control device winds up and lowers the slat of the electric blind 11 and adjusts the slat angle. The control device controls the slats according to the intensity of solar radiation and the altitude of the sun, and while suppressing the direct sunlight from entering the room, the sunlight is reflected by the slats to illuminate the inclined ceiling portion 3. Specifically, the control device stores in advance what kind of solar intensity and how to control the slat at the solar altitude, acquires the solar altitude based on the date and time, and uses the solar sensor to obtain the solar intensity. And control the slats based on these. The sunlight reflected on the ground surface passes through the slats and illuminates the sloping ceiling.

In the present embodiment, the electric blind 11 is provided outdoors, but the electric blind 11 may be provided indoors. However, external blinds are more effective than internal blinds for shielding summer sunlight to reduce the cooling load.

FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the trajectory of sunlight incident from the window 6 in the building 1 according to the present embodiment. The sunlight reflected by the slats of the blind 11 and the sunlight reflected by the ground surface irradiate the ceiling near the window 6, that is, the inclined ceiling portion 3. Since the inclined ceiling portion 3 is inclined so as to be higher in the room, the light reflected by the inclined ceiling portion 3 can easily reach the vicinity of the center of the room, and daylighting that brightens the room can be performed.

Further, the inclined ceiling portion 4 near the wall 8 on the opposite side of the window 6 is inclined so as to be lower toward the wall 8 side, and the view factors of the inclined ceiling portion 3 and the inclined ceiling portion 4 are large. Further, the inclined ceiling portion 4 has a large view factor with the slats of the blind 11, the sky seen between the slats, and the sunlight reflecting surface such as the floor or furniture near the window 6. Therefore, more light reflected by the inclined ceiling portion 3, slats, floors, fixtures, etc. irradiates the inclined ceiling portion 4. As the inclined ceiling portion 4 becomes brighter, the area directly below it also becomes brighter. That is, daylighting can be performed to brighten the interior of the room (wall 8 side).

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the test results of the daylight illuminance on the desk surface 0.8 m above the floor for each ceiling type, which was performed to confirm the effect of the present embodiment. In this test, in a room on the south side with a window with a height of 1.7 m and a blind on the outside, a horizontal ceiling with a height of 2.4 m (dotted line, conventional method) and a height of 2 from the vicinity of the window over 1.5 m. The illuminance on the desk surface was measured for a folded ceiling (solid line, this method) that was raised by 40 cm from .4 m to a height of 2.8 m. In order to facilitate comparative experiments, the entire ceiling is made of cloth (membrane ceiling) in both the horizontal ceiling and the folded ceiling.

As can be seen from FIG. 4, it was confirmed that the adoption of the folded ceiling has the effect of increasing the illuminance on the desk surface by about 15% in the interior of the room at a distance of 2 m or more from the window as compared with the case of the horizontal ceiling. In other words, it was confirmed that daylight can be guided to the center of the room by adopting a folded ceiling.

The effect obtained by this embodiment is not limited to the improvement of daylighting. By folding up the ceiling, the ceiling height can be increased and the feeling of openness in the room can be improved. Further, since the floor height can be reduced when the ceiling height is the same, the heat insulating performance of the building 1 can be improved and the cost of the skeleton can be reduced. Further, by using a membrane ceiling as the ceiling, it is possible to suppress the possibility of the ceiling falling due to an earthquake, and even if the ceiling falls, the possibility of causing danger to humans can be suppressed.

In the present embodiment, the blind 11 is adopted as a means (light control unit) for guiding the incident light into the room to the inclined ceiling portion 3, but other configurations that can obtain the same effect may be adopted. For example, a light shelf, a daylighting film, or both may be adopted. In this case, instead of controlling the slats according to the situation like an electric blind, a light shelf having a shape capable of illuminating the interior of the room at any assumed angle of sunlight incident is used.

[Second Embodiment]
In the first embodiment, natural daylighting has been mainly described. In this embodiment, a lighting plan and an air conditioning plan suitable for the building structure according to the first embodiment are proposed.

In the building according to the first embodiment, the horizontal ceiling portion 2 is located higher than the lower end of the girder, so that the girder is exposed. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the side surface of the exposed girder is used as the irradiation surface for indirect lighting. In addition, a lighting rail will be provided and a movable lighting fixture (task light) will be installed. Furthermore, pneumatic ceiling radiant air conditioning will be adopted as the air conditioning air supply path inside the ceiling. Hereinafter, description will be made with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the structure of the building 1 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 6 is an arrow view from the direction of line BB. As shown in FIG. 6, in the present embodiment, the window orthogonal girder 13 is exposed. Therefore, the support member 14 is attached to the window orthogonal girder 13, and the lighting fixture 15 is installed on the support member 14 along the girder 13. As the lighting fixture 15, for example, LED line lighting can be used, but LED bulbs may be arranged side by side, or a fluorescent lamp or the like may be used in addition to the LED.

By using the side surface of the girder 13 exposed in this way as an irradiation surface for indirect lighting, it is possible to improve the brightness in the human vision, suppress the illuminance on the desk surface, realize energy saving, and enhance the sense of brightness of the space. Lighting planning is possible. In addition, since the lighting fixture 15 is installed on a member (girder 13) that is difficult to fall due to a large earthquake, safety is also improved.

Further, in order to increase the illuminance on the desk surface, the writing rail 12 is suspended from the slab 10. As a result, the lighting fixture 12a on the writing rail 12 can be moved to a desired position. Therefore, the lighting fixture 12a can be moved directly above the desk even when the furniture layout in the room is changed, and the illuminance environment can be improved and energy saving can be realized.

In this embodiment, indirect lighting with the side surface of the girder as the irradiation surface is adopted, but a lighting fixture is provided between the slab 10 and the horizontal ceiling portion (membrane ceiling) 2, and the slab 10 and the horizontal ceiling portion 2 are provided. Indirect lighting that diffuses light may be adopted.

Further, in the present embodiment, pneumatic ceiling radiant air conditioning is adopted. The indoor unit 31 is installed on the inclined ceiling portion 4 on the wall 8 side, and the heat insulating material 16 is installed under the ceiling slab 10. The conditioned air blown out from the indoor unit 31 moves in the ceiling as shown by the arrow 32. A gap is provided between the inclined ceiling portion 3 on the window 6 side and the girder 9, and functions as an air-conditioning air outlet 33 that has moved in the ceiling. In this way, the air in the entire room can be harmonized by radiation from the ceiling, and comfortable air conditioning with less feeling of airflow can be realized. Further, on the window side where the air conditioning load is high, effective air conditioning can be realized by blowing out air conditioning air.

By adopting pneumatic ceiling radiant air conditioning, ducts in the ceiling can be omitted, improving the feeling of openness in the room by reducing the ceiling pocket, and improving safety by reducing the weight of the ceiling and the contents inside the ceiling. Can be realized.

[Other Embodiments]
The above description of the embodiments is exemplary and does not need to include all of the features described therein, and can be modified as appropriate.

For example, in the above embodiment, the horizontal ceiling portion 2 has been described as a membrane ceiling, but from the viewpoint of improving the lighting performance of natural light, the material of the horizontal ceiling portion 2 may be any material. For example, a gypsum board may be used for the horizontal ceiling portion 2.

Further, in the above embodiment, the inclined ceiling portion is provided not only on the window 6 side but also on the opposite side thereof, but the inclined ceiling portion may be provided only on the window 6 side. Since the inclined ceiling portion 3 is provided on the window 6 side, the effect of guiding the light incident from the window 6 to the center of the room can be obtained.

1: Building 2: Horizontal ceiling 3,4: Inclined ceiling 6: Window 7,8: Wall 9: Outer girder 10: Slab 11: Electric blind 12: Lighting rail 12a: Lighting equipment 13: Window orthogonal girder 14: Support Member 15: Lighting equipment 31: Air conditioner indoor unit 33: Air outlet

Claims (11)

The outer wall with windows and
With a nearly horizontal slab,
A ceiling provided below the slab, including a horizontal ceiling portion located higher than the lower end of the outer girder in the center of the room and a sloping ceiling portion lowering toward the outer wall.
An optical control unit that is installed outdoors or indoors and guides solar radiation to the sloping ceiling.
The building. The ceiling is suspended from the slab.
The building according to claim 1. The ceiling is located in the center of the room higher than the lower end of the window orthogonal girder.
The building according to claim 1 or 2. The ceiling includes a second sloping ceiling that lowers toward the wall facing the outer wall provided with the window.
The building according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The height of the window-side end of the inclined ceiling portion is substantially equal to the height of the lower end of the outer peripheral girder.
The building according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The light control unit includes any of blinds, light shelves, and daylighting films.
The building according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The light control unit includes a blind and controls the slat angle of the blind according to at least one of the insolation intensity and the solar zenith angle.
The building according to any one of claims 1 to 6. The horizontal ceiling portion is located higher than the lower end of the window orthogonal girder.
Further comprising an illumination unit for the irradiation surface of the indirect illumination of the sides of the window orthogonal girders,
The building according to any one of claims 1 to 7. Further comprising a writing rail provided directly on or suspended from the ceiling.
The building according to any one of claims 1 to 8. At least a part of the horizontal ceiling is made of a membrane material.
The building according to any one of claims 1 to 9. The space between the slab and the ceiling and the supply air path of the air conditioner, outlet of the conditioned air is provided in the vicinity of the window of the inclined roof portion,
The building according to claim 10.

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