JP6935466B2 - Straight-through type ship exhaust gas scrubber and its operation method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a scrubber and its operation method, and particularly to a straight-through type ship exhaust gas scrubber and its operation method.

Due to the development of modern industry worldwide, the rapid population growth, and frequent activity in the ocean, marine pollution is becoming more and more serious, and the marine environment is undergoing serious changes and tends to continue to expand. As a result, the International Maritime Organization's standards for controlling the release of fuel sulfur from ship flue gases are becoming increasingly stringent in order to reduce pollution in the marine environment.

The term for forced disposal of transport vessels is usually 25 years or more. Few shipping companies have specially developed new vessels with exhaust gas treatment capabilities to meet the newly enforced fuel sulfur emission standards.
Older vessels are often equipped with exhaust gas treatment by refurbishing existing vessels and installing scrubbers in the chimneys.

The chimney of a ship has a protective structure that surrounds each discharge line to withstand the harsh environment at sea. Its size is determined in the early stages of ship construction based on the discharge pipelines and distribution of equipment such as the ship's main engine, auxiliary equipment and boilers. The distribution of each discharge line in the chimney is shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, DN400 indicates that the diameter of the corresponding pipe is 400 mm, and the size of the pipeline corresponding to the main engine 25 is the largest, 1500 mm. As can be seen from FIG. 1, since the available space remaining in the chimney is very limited, there is a technical problem that it is difficult to install if the volume of the scrubber to be arranged is large.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the shape of the existing ship exhaust gas scrubber, a smoke entry pipe 33 (generally called a U-shaped scrubber) extends from the lower end of the scrubber to the top. When the U-shaped scrubber is installed, the upper end of the smoke entry pipe 33 needs to be connected to the transition pipe 34, and the other end of the transition pipe 34 bends downward and extends to gather each discharge pipe. It is connected to the total pipeline 35.

The U-shaped structure of the existing scrubber is mainly to prevent the spray water accumulated at the bottom of the scrubber from flowing back into the generator connected to each discharge line. However, there is also a drawback that the installation is not easy because the available installation space in the chimney of the ship is limited and the occupied area of the U-shaped structure is too large. If the remaining space of the chimney is smaller than the volume of the U-shaped scrubber, it is often necessary to first remove the entire chimney of the ship, install the U-shaped scrubber and then rebuild the chimney, which requires a great deal of work. Is big. Therefore, if the volume of the scrubber can be effectively reduced under conditions that can prevent the spray water from flowing back into the generator, it will bring great practical value to the ship exhaust gas treatment refurbishment project. ..

On the other hand, according to the regulations of the International Maritime Organization IMO, vessels are not allowed to discharge desulfurized water containing chemicals within 3 nautical miles from the port, so when a vessel arrives at the port, high sulfur fuel is usually used. It is necessary to switch to low sulfur fuel oil, and the low sulfur tail gas after combustion is directly discharged without desulfurization and cleaning. This is commonly known in the industry as dry combustion. Since the dry combustion flue gas has a high temperature of 280 ° C. or higher, the scrubber body is easily deformed, and the existing U-shaped scrubber does not support dry combustion due to structural and material restrictions. The high temperature flue gas after dry combustion is generally discharged by adding an exhaust pipe 36 above the transition pipe 34. The exhaust pipe 36 is directly connected to the total pipe line 35 formed by collecting the discharge pipe lines via the pipe line joint. As a result, the installation volume of the repair of the desulfurization tower becomes larger, and the difficulty of installation increases.
In addition, the U-shaped scrubber has the disadvantage that the back pressure is too high and the flue gas is very difficult to discharge, which can easily damage the power system of the ship. For the above three reasons, there is an urgent need to improve the overall structure of the ship's exhaust gas scrubber to meet the requirements of easy installation, dry combustion support and low back pressure.
Prior art literature
Patent documents

Japanese Patent No. 5910789

In view of the above problems, a first object of the present invention is to provide a ship exhaust gas scrubber that is small in size, easy to install, and easy to install directly in the original chimney of the ship. A second object of the present invention is to provide a dry combustion compatible ship exhaust gas scrubber capable of dealing with high temperature deformation under dry combustion conditions without adding a transition pipe and an exhaust pipe. A third object of the present invention is to provide a straight-through type ship exhaust gas scrubber capable of solving the problem that a conventional U-shaped scrubber damages a ship's power system due to a large back pressure. ..

The straight-through type marine exhaust gas scrubber includes a columnar tower body 1, a mounting base 10 is arranged at the lower end of the tower body, and a vacuum smoke entry throat portion 8 penetrates vertically through the center of the mounting base. (Stretched) and placed. The columnar tower body 1 has a configuration in which smoke can enter from the bottom end of the vacuum smoke entry throat portion 8, and the transition pipe 34 and the total pipeline are compared with the smoke entry structure of the U-shaped scrubber of the prior art. Since the volume of the structure of 35 is reduced, it is easier to find the installation space in the chimney of the ship, which not only makes the installation more convenient, but also avoids the work of removing and rebuilding the original chimney.

A flue gas lower distribution umbrella 7 is erected at the upper end of the vacuum smoke entry throat portion 8, and a flue gas upper distribution umbrella 6 is erected at the upper end of the flue gas lower distribution umbrella. Both the flue gas distribution umbrella and the flue gas distribution umbrella are in the shape of an umbrella, the upper end of the flue gas distribution umbrella is open, and the upper end of the flue gas distribution umbrella is closed. In the prior art, there is no structure for installing two distribution umbrellas. According to the structure of the two distribution umbrellas, the present invention receives the sprayed cleaning liquid and causes the cleaning liquid to flow out from the edge of the distribution umbrella to prevent the cleaning liquid from flowing into the engine.

A precooling device 5 is arranged above the flue gas distribution umbrella, a spraying device 4 having two or more stages is arranged above the precooling device 5, and a mist remover 3 is arranged above the spraying device. .. Cleaning devices 2 are arranged at both upper and lower ends of the mist remover 3, and all the nozzles of the cleaning device 2 face the mist remover 3. This cleans the mist remover 3 and prevents the accumulated dust from affecting the mist removing effect. In the prior art, the cleaning device is not arranged in the mist remover, and after a long period of use, the mist remover may be clogged, which may affect the mist removal effect. However, cleaning can only be performed by manual means, which is very inconvenient to operate.

Two or more lateral supports 16 are welded to the outer wall of the tower body 1. The lateral support 16 is provided with two waist-shaped holes 17 arranged in the vertical direction, and the lateral support is provided through a waist-shaped hole and a bolt inserted so as to fit into the waist-shaped hole. It can be attached to the inner wall of the chimney of a ship. The design of the waist-shaped hole 17 on the lateral support 16 is the creative structure of the present invention, used to accommodate the longitudinal deformation of the tower body 1 in the dry combustion state, during the dry combustion. Avoid damage due to close connection with the inner wall of the chimney.

The material of the tower body 1 and each part in the tower body is stainless steel. The material of the mist remover 3 and nozzle is changed from conventional PE to stainless steel so that the parts inside the tower can withstand the high temperatures under dry combustion. Stainless steel materials usually have a high temperature resistance of 600 ° C, and the maximum temperature of flue gas emitted during dry combustion usually does not exceed 300 ° C, so it meets the needs for use in dry combustion conditions. Can be done. For the structure inside the tower, it is of utmost importance to consider how to solve the deformation support problem.

The spray device 4 and the cleaning device 2 all include a straight through pipe 24, an inner ring-shaped branch pipe 20, an outer ring-shaped branch pipe 21, and a multi-fluid nozzle 22, and the inner ring-shaped branch pipe 20 and the outer ring-shaped branch 21 are arranged concentrically and straight. The through pipe 24 is located at the center line between the inner ring-shaped branch pipe 20 and the outer ring-shaped branch pipe 21, and there are two or more multi-fluid nozzles 22, and the multi-fluid nozzles are uniformly arranged on the inner ring-shaped branch pipe 20 and the outer ring-shaped branch pipe 21. Being done
The water inlet end of the straight-through pipe 24 is welded to the inner wall of the tower body 1, the other end is closed and then inserted into the outer cylinder 19, and the outer cylinder 19 is fixed to the inner wall of the tower body 1. A gap is provided between the closed end of the straight-through pipe 24 and the inner wall of the tower body 1 so as to fit the gap with the straight-through pipe 24 and have a width larger than the amount of shape change. The conventional technique does not have an outer cylinder structure, and both ends of the straight-through pipe are connected to the tower body. On the other hand, in the present invention, the outer cylinder 19 acts as a support for the straight-through pipe 24, and the straight-through pipe 24 is movably connected to the inner wall of the tower body 1, so that the straight-through pipe 24 is used during dry combustion. It is not damaged by the radial deformation of the tower body 1.

An angle steel support 13 having four or more stages is welded to the inner wall of the tower body 1 and used to support the spray device and the cleaning device, respectively. Unlike the conventional welding fixing method, a U-shaped locking portion 14 is arranged at the inner upper end of the angle steel support 13, and the outer ring-shaped branch pipe 21 has a chevron shape via a U-shaped locking portion 14 and a screw. Fixed to the steel support 13, the U-shaped locking portion 14 fixes the outer ring-shaped branch 21 only in the height direction, and its inner diameter is larger than the outer shape of the outer ring-shaped branch 21. As a result, the outer ring-shaped branch pipe 21 can be deformed in the radial direction within the inner diameter range of the U-shaped locking portion 14.

The water inlet end of the straight-through pipe 24 communicates with a water pipe provided outside the tower body 1. Two or more expansion joints (15) are provided in the water inlet pipe to support the vertical deformation of the support tower body in the dry combustion state, and damage to the water inlet pipe and the tower body due to the rigid connection is avoided. .. On the other hand, the prior art does not have a dry combustion function and does not have the structural features of an expansion joint.

The precooling device 5 includes a bracket pipe and a scroll nozzle 23. In the present invention, there are three scroll nozzles, the three scroll nozzles are distributed vertically along the bracket pipe and have an angle of 120 ° with respect to the same horizontal plane of adjacent scroll nozzles, thereby the spray. Uniformity can be ensured. One end of the bracket pipe communicates with a water pipe provided outside through the tower body, and the other end is bent downward to fix the scroll nozzle. The precooling device 5 is used for pre-cooling the exhaust gas of the ship, and avoids the influence on the desulfurization effect due to the exhaust gas temperature being too high. The number of scroll nozzles may be three or more.

Unlike the prior art, the vacuum smoke entry throat portion 8 of the present invention has a two-layer structure, and a vacuum intermediate layer is arranged between the two-layer structures. A vacuum gas extraction port 18 is provided on the lower outer wall of the vacuum smoke entry throat portion 8, and a vacuum valve is arranged at the vacuum gas extraction port 18. The two-layer structure of the vacuum smoke entry throat section 8 prevents acid condensation due to an excessive temperature difference between the inside and outside of the throat section, and reduces the risk of spray liquid flowing back into the generator due to accelerated corrosion of the throat section. be able to. The smoke entry passage of the prior art is a single-layer board, one side of the board is hot flue gas, the other side is cold wash water, and condensed water on the hot side of the board due to the thermal bridge effect. Is easy to form. The hot flue gas comprises a large amount of SO _2, SO ₂ is further oxidized to produce an SO _3, when the sulfuric acid vapor by bonding with SO ₃ and steam, condensate and condensing highly corrosive acid Causes corrosion damage to the smoke passage. In addition, prior art smoke entry passages require the use of expensive materials with high corrosion resistance to solve the problem of corrosion. On the other hand, in the present invention, since the vacuum smoke entry throat portion 8 has a function of preventing the occurrence of acid dew condensation, only cheaper stainless steel can be used, and the manufacturing cost is also reduced.

The circular diameter of the bottom surface of the flue gas distribution umbrella 6 is smaller than that of the flue gas distribution umbrella 6, and the slopes of the flue gas distribution umbrella 6 and the flue gas distribution umbrella 7 are both 25 °. Two or more guide plates 12 are provided on the upper end surfaces of the flue gas upper distribution umbrella 6 and the flue gas lower distribution umbrella 7. The guide plate is V-shaped angle steel, and the V-shaped opening of the guide plate faces outward. Both the placement of the guide plate and the design of the shape are creative points of the present invention. The guide plate acts as a partition against the spray liquid sprayed downward and the flue gas moving upward. As a result, the flue gas moves upward along the V-shaped space in the guide plate, and the spray liquid flows downward through the gap between the guide plates. It is avoided that the direct collision of water vapor produces acid mist and increases corrosion.

Further, when the circular diameter of the bottom surface of the flue gas distribution umbrella 6 is 1/2 to 2/3 of the diameter of the flue gas distribution umbrella 7, the desulfurization effect of the present invention is the best.

A drain plate 9 is inclinedly arranged at the upper end of the mounting base 10, and an opening capable of accommodating a vacuum smoke entry throat portion is opened in the center of the drain plate 9, and the drain plate 9 and the vacuum smoke entry throat portion are separated from each other. A drainage port is arranged on one side of the drainage plate 9 at a lower position, and a drainage pipe 11 is fixedly arranged at the drainage port. The drainage pipe 11 penetrates the base and then extends to the outside of the tower body 1. The slanted design of the drain plate 9 facilitates the centralized discharge of spray water and prevents the spray water from accumulating and flowing back into the generator.

The specific process of the operation method of the straight-through type marine exhaust gas scrubber of the present invention is as follows.
A, in the desulfurization process
The exhaust gas of the ship is allowed to enter the tower body through the vacuum smoke entry throat section 8, and a part of the flue gas emitted from the vacuum smoke entry throat section 8 is directly discharged from the side end of the flue gas distribution umbrella 7. It is raised upward, and the other part is passed through the flue gas lower distribution umbrella and then flows out from the side end of the flue gas upper distribution umbrella 6 and is raised upward.
Pre-cooling device 5 sprays preliminary cooling water downward to cool the high-temperature flue gas, raises the cooled flue gas, and passes through the spray devices of each layer in order. Is continuously sprayed downwards to cause a desulfurization reaction with flue gas.
The flue gas after the desulfurization reaction is raised, water vapor is removed by the mist remover 3, and the gas is discharged through the exhaust port at the upper end of the tower body.
After operating the scrubber for a long time, the mist remover 3 is periodically cleaned by two cleaning devices, upper and lower.
Under the blocking action of the flue gas upper distribution umbrella and the flue gas lower distribution umbrella, the spray liquid and the washing water flow out along the distance between the guide plates, so that the water directly collides with the rising flue gas. Avoids the formation of mist and prevents water from flowing into the vacuum flue gas entry throat.
The spray liquid and the washing water that have fallen to the bottom of the tower body are collected by the drain plate 9, and then discharged to the outside of the tower through the drain pipe 11.

B. In the dry combustion process,
The low-sulfur flue gas enters the tower body through the vacuum smoke entry throat portion 8, passes through the internal structure, and is directly discharged into the atmosphere.
The high-temperature flue gas deforms the tower body in both the vertical and horizontal directions by thermal expansion and cold contraction, and the support structure for vertical deformation allows the fixing bolts on the extending tower body and the lateral support 16 to be waisted. It is deformed in the vertical direction along the shaped hole 17, and at the same time, the water inlet pipe provided outside is pulled by the expansion joint 15 due to the deformation of the tower body, and the water inlet pipe is prevented from bursting due to the deformation of the tower body.
In the lateral deformation support structure, the inner ring-shaped branch pipe and the outer ring-shaped branch pipe on the spray device 4 and the cleaning device 2 are all ring-shaped and have a tensile deformation function, and at the same time, one end of the straight through pipe 24 is fixed. The other end is movably connected to the outer cylinder 19 to support radial deformation of the straight through pipe 24, and the U-shaped locking portion 14 limits the outer ring-shaped branch pipe only in the height direction and in the width direction. Supports radial deformation of the outer annelid.
The technical effects of the present invention are as follows.

As described above, the ship exhaust gas scrubber of the present invention has a smaller volume than the conventional U-shaped tower. ^{In particular, the mounting volume of about 20 m 3} of the U-shaped smoke entry pipe can be saved. Furthermore, due to factors such as inspection and repair, maintenance, insulation, reinforcement, and staff passages that need to be considered when installing the tower body, the installation space of ^{about 100 m 3 can be reduced overall.} This makes it easier to install in the original chimney and further reduces the amount of work.

The ship exhaust gas scrubber of the present invention also has a function of supporting dry combustion. Since the conventional U-shaped tower has a large back pressure, the gas discharge of dry combustion can be realized only by adding an exhaust pipe above the transition pipe. Therefore, unless there is a dry combustion phenomenon in the tower, the parts in the conventional U-shaped scrubber, such as mist remover and nozzle, are manufactured with cheaper and lower cost PE material. Even if a conventional engineer considers using a stainless steel material to give a desulfurization tower a dry combustion function, the problem that the stainless steel is deformed at a high temperature cannot be solved. Since the back pressure is large due to the limitation of the shape, it is not necessary to give the desulfurization tower a dry combustion function. By simply adding an exhaust pipe above the transition pipe, it is possible to achieve gas discharge for dry combustion, but this complicates the structure and substantially increases the mounting space.

Further, since the present invention is a straight-through type tower body, the back pressure at the time of exhaust is smaller, and the power system of the ship is less likely to be damaged. According to the test, in the case of a scrubber having a diameter of 3.2 m and a height of 11 m, the back pressure at the flue gas outlet of the conventional U-shaped tower is about 700 Pa, but the straight-through type of the present invention The tower can be suppressed to 240 Pa.

It is a schematic diagram of the original pipeline distribution state in a ship chimney. It is a structural schematic diagram of a conventional U-shaped scrubber. It is an inside view of the straight-through type scrubber in this invention. It is a structural schematic diagram of the vertical cross section of FIG. It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of two distribution umbrellas. It is a top view of FIG. It is a structural schematic diagram of a lateral support. It is a structural schematic diagram of a spray device and a cleaning device. It is a structural schematic diagram of the cross section in the tower body of a spray device. It is a structural schematic diagram of the angle steel support and the U-shaped locking part. It is a structural schematic diagram of a multi-fluid nozzle. It is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a precooling device. It is a figure which shows the use state of the straight-through type scrubber in this invention.

1, Tower body; 2, Cleaning device; 3, Mist remover; 4, Spray device; 5, Precooling device; 6, Flue gas upper distribution umbrella; 7, Flue gas lower distribution umbrella; 8, Vacuum smoke entry throat Part; 9, drain plate; 10, mounting base; 11, drain pipe; 12, guide plate; 13, angle steel support; 14, U-shaped locking part; 15, telescopic joint; 16, lateral support; 17, waist-shaped hole; 18, vacuum gas extraction port; 19, outer cylinder; 20, inner ring-shaped branch; 21, outer ring-shaped branch; 22, multi-fluid nozzle; 23, spiral nozzle; 24, straight through pipe; 25, main engine; 26, diesel generator; 27, incinerator; 28, boiler; 29, deck A; 30, deck B; 31, deck C; 32, deck D; 33, flue gas entry pipe; 34, transition pipe; 35, total pipeline; 36, exhaust pipe; 37, electromagnetic valve.

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 13.
<Example 1>

As shown in FIGS. 3 to 4, the straight-through type ship exhaust gas scrubber includes a columnar tower body 1, a mounting base 10 is arranged at the lower end of the tower body, and vacuum smoke is located at the center of the mounting base. The approach throat portion 8 penetrates and is arranged in the vertical (axis) direction.

A flue gas distribution umbrella 7 is erected at the upper end of the vacuum smoke entry throat portion 8, and a flue gas distribution umbrella 6 is erected at the upper end of the flue gas distribution umbrella 7. Both the flue gas distribution umbrella 7 and the flue gas distribution umbrella 6 are in the shape of an umbrella, the upper end of the flue gas distribution umbrella 7 is open, and the upper end of the flue gas distribution umbrella 6 is closed. There is. The structures of the two distribution umbrellas are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.

A precooling device 5 is arranged above the flue gas distribution umbrella 6, a four-stage spraying device 4 is arranged above the precooling device, and a mist remover 3 is arranged above the spraying device. Cleaning devices 2 are arranged at both upper and lower ends of the mist remover 3, and all the nozzles of the cleaning device are directed toward the mist remover.

Eight lateral supports 16 are welded to the outer wall of the tower body. As shown in FIG. 7, the lateral support 16 is provided with two waist-shaped holes 17 arranged in the vertical direction, and the lateral support 16 is formed in the waist-shaped hole 17 and the waist-shaped hole 17. It can be assembled to the inner wall of a ship's chimney via a fitted bolt.

The material of the tower body 1 and each part in the tower body is stainless steel.

As shown in FIG. 8, each of the spray device 4 and the cleaning device 2 is composed of a straight-through pipe 24, an inner ring-shaped branch pipe 20, an outer ring-shaped branch pipe 21, and a multi-fluid nozzle 22. The inner ring-shaped branch pipe 20 and the outer ring-shaped branch pipe 21 are arranged concentrically, and the straight-through pipe 24 is located at the center line between the inner ring-shaped branch pipe 20 and the outer ring-shaped branch pipe 21. There are 16 multi-fluid nozzles 22 on the spray or cleaning device of the same stage, and the 16 multi-fluid nozzles are uniformly arranged on the inner ring-shaped branch 20 and the outer ring-shaped branch 21. The structural drawing of the multi-fluid nozzle 22 is shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 9, the water inlet end of the straight-through pipe 24 is welded to the inner wall of the tower body 1, the other end is closed and then inserted into the outer cylinder pipe 19, and the outer cylinder pipe 19 is inserted into the outer cylinder pipe 19. It is fixed to the inner wall of the tower body 1 and fits the gap with the straight through pipe 24, and a gap having a width larger than the amount of shape change is provided between the closed end of the straight through pipe 24 and the inner wall of the tower body 1. ..

A 6-stage angle steel support 13 is welded to the inner wall of the tower body 1 and used to support the spray device and the cleaning device, respectively. As shown in FIG. 10, a U-shaped locking portion 14 is arranged at the inner upper end of the angle steel support 13, and the outer ring-shaped branch pipe 21 is a angle steel support via a U-shaped locking portion 14 and a screw. It is fixed at 13. The U-shaped locking portion 14 only fixes the outer ring-shaped branch pipe in the height direction, and its inner diameter is larger than the outer shape of the outer ring-shaped branch pipe.

As shown in FIG. 13, the water inlet end of the straight-through pipe 24 communicates with a water pipe provided outside the tower body, and the water pipe supports vertical deformation of the tower body in a dry combustion state. To do so, six telescopic joints 15 are provided.

As shown in FIG. 12, the precooling device 5 is composed of a bracket pipe and a scroll nozzle 23. There are three scroll nozzles 23, and the three scroll nozzles 23 are distributed vertically along the bracket pipe and have an angle of 120 ° with respect to the same horizontal plane of adjacent scroll nozzles 23. One end of the bracket pipe 23 communicates with a water pipe provided outside through the tower body, and the other end is bent downward to fix the scroll nozzle 23.

The vacuum smoke entry throat portion 8 has a two-layer structure, a vacuum intermediate layer is arranged between the two-layer structures, and a vacuum gas extraction port 18 is opened on the lower outer wall of the vacuum smoke entry throat portion, and a vacuum gas extraction port is provided. A vacuum valve is arranged in.

The slopes (inclination angles) of the flue gas distribution umbrella 6 and the flue gas distribution umbrella 7 are both 25 °, and the circular diameter of the bottom surface of the flue gas distribution umbrella 6 is the distribution under the flue gas. Smaller than the umbrella, seven or more guide plates 12 are provided on the upper end surfaces of the flue gas upper distribution umbrella 6 and the flue gas lower distribution umbrella 7. The guide plate is V-shaped angle steel, and the V-shaped opening of the guide plate faces outward.

A drainage plate 9 is inclined and arranged at the upper end of the mounting base 10. An opening capable of accommodating the vacuum smoke entry throat portion is opened in the center of the drain plate, and the drain plate 9 and the vacuum smoke entry throat portion are hermetically connected by an opening, and on one side of the lower position of the drain plate 9, A drainage port is arranged, a drainage pipe 11 is fixedly arranged at the drainage port, and the drainage pipe 11 penetrates the base and then extends to the outside of the tower main body 1.

<Example 1> (1) Calculation of the amount of deformation of the tower body In this embodiment, the diameter of the scrubber is 3.2 m, the height is 11 m, and the diameter of the vacuum smoke entry throat portion is 1.7 m. The circular diameters of the bottom surfaces of the flue gas lower distribution umbrella and the flue gas upper distribution umbrella are 2.15 m and 1.075 m, respectively. That is, the circular diameter of the bottom surface of the flue gas distribution umbrella is half that of the flue gas distribution umbrella.

In this example, the spray liquid used is seawater. When the maximum temperature of the tower body was 300 ° C. and the minimum temperature was 20 ° C., the vertical and radial deformations of the tower body were calculated according to the formula for calculating the amount of high temperature deformation of stainless steel as follows. The vertical deformation of the tower body was 38.97 mm and the radial deformation was 11.34 mm. That is, in actual manufacturing and assembly, the height of the waist-shaped hole of the lateral support must be 38.97 mm or more, and the closed end of the straight-through pipe in the spray device and the cleaning device and the inner wall of the tower body. The width of the gap between them should exceed 11.34 mm.

The formula for calculating the amount of high-temperature deformation of stainless steel is as follows.
ΔL = 10 ^ (-5) × [1118 (t2-t1) + 0.526 (t2-t1) ^ 2] × L
In the formula, ΔL−− expansion amount (mm),
t2- Maximum pipe temperature (° C),
t1--Minimum temperature of pipe (° C),
The calculated length (m) of the L-pipe.

(2) Desulfurization effect and back pressure detection Using the scrubber of this example, the carbon, sulfur content and back pressure of the flue gas before and after desulfurization were measured, and the sulfur-carbon ratio and fuel sulfur content were calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

Next, the carbon, sulfur content and back pressure of the flue gas before and after desulfurization were measured using a U-shaped scrubber under the same tower body diameter, height and smoke ingress conditions, and the sulfur-carbon ratio and fuel oil were measured. The sulfur content was calculated and the results are shown in Table 2.

By comparing Tables 1 and 2, the following was found. A conventional U-shaped scrubber can only meet the emission standard of the International Maritime Organization IMO for emission of sulfur fuel content in flue gas up to 0.5% m / m. On the other hand, in this example, 0.1% m / m, which is the highest emission standard of the International Maritime Organization IMO regarding the emission of fuel sulfur content in flue gas, can be satisfied, and a good desulfurization effect is obtained. The back pressure at the flue gas outlet of the conventional U-shaped scrubber is 769 to 827 Pa. On the other hand, the back pressure at the flue gas outlet of this embodiment is 240 to 322 Pa. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has significant differences and has great advantages. That is, the present invention solves the problem of the prior art of damaging the engine due to the back pressure of large flue gas emissions, which is advantageous from the viewpoint of protecting the engine of a ship.

As shown in Table 3, the correspondence between the fuel sulfur content and the O ₂ / CO ₂ ratio is set in the Supplementary VI of the MARPOL Convention issued by the International Maritime Organization IMO.

In addition, as shown in Table 4, the supplementary VI of the MARPOL Convention issued by the International Maritime Organization IMO stipulates standards for fuel sulfur content inside and outside the emission control area. Annex VI of MARPOL Convention issued by IMO is published worldwide. As can be seen from Table 4, the current strictest sulfur content regulation for IMO is 0.1% m / m.

Note: The emission control areas stipulated in Article 14 of the Supplementary Provision VI of the MARPOL Convention currently include the Baltic Sea area, the North Sea area, the North American area, and the US Kalobi Sea area (January 1, 2014). Conducted on the day).
<Example 2>

In this embodiment, the circular diameters of the bottom surfaces of the flue gas distribution umbrella and the flue gas distribution umbrella are 2.15 m and 1.43 m, respectively. That is, the circular diameter of the bottom surface of the flue gas distribution umbrella is 2/3 of that of the flue gas distribution umbrella. Other technical solutions and product parameters are the same as in Example 1.

Table 5 shows the results of measuring the carbon, sulfur content and back pressure of the flue gas before and after desulfurization using the scrubber of this example and calculating the sulfur-carbon ratio and the sulfur fuel content.

Next, the carbon, sulfur content and back pressure of the flue gas before and after desulfurization were measured using a U-shaped scrubber under the same tower body diameter, height and smoke ingress conditions, and the sulfur-carbon ratio and fuel oil were measured. The results of calculating the sulfur content are shown in Table 6.

By comparing Tables 5 and 6, conventional U-shaped scrubbers can only meet the International Maritime Organization IMO emission standard for emissions of sulfur fuel content in flue gas of 0.5% m / m. I found that I couldn't. On the other hand, in this example, it was confirmed that it satisfies the highest emission standard of 0.1% m / m of the International Maritime Organization IMO regarding the emission of fuel sulfur content in flue gas, and has an advantage of a good desulfurization effect. rice field. The back pressure at the flue gas outlet of the conventional U-shaped scrubber was 697 to 761 Pa. On the other hand, the back pressure at the flue gas outlet of this example was 315 to 336 Pa.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has significant differences and has great advantages. That is, the present invention solves the problem of the prior art of damaging the engine due to the back pressure of large flue gas emissions, which is advantageous from the viewpoint of protecting the engine of a ship.

<Example 3>

In this embodiment, the circular diameters of the bottom surfaces of the flue gas distribution umbrella and the flue gas distribution umbrella are 2.15 m and 1.613 m, respectively. That is, the circular diameter of the bottom surface of the flue gas distribution umbrella is 3/4 of that of the flue gas distribution umbrella. Other technical solutions and product parameters are the same as in Example 1.

Table 7 shows the results of calculating the sulfur-carbon ratio and the fuel sulfur content by measuring the carbon, sulfur content and back pressure before and after desulfurization of the flue gas using the scrubber of this example.

Next, the carbon, sulfur content and back pressure before and after desulfurization of the flue gas were measured using a U-shaped scrubber under the same tower body diameter, height and smoke ingress conditions, and the sulfur-carbon ratio and fuel oil were measured. The results of calculating the sulfur content are shown in Table 8.

By comparing Tables 7 and 8, the following was found. A conventional U-shaped scrubber can only meet the emission standard of the International Maritime Organization IMO for emission of sulfur fuel content in flue gas of 0.5% m / m. On the other hand, in this example, it satisfies the highest emission standard of 0.1% m / m of the International Maritime Organization IMO regarding the emission of fuel sulfur content in flue gas, and has a good desulfurization effect.
The back pressure at the flue gas outlet of the conventional U-shaped scrubber is 713 to 806 Pa. On the other hand, the back pressure at the flue gas outlet of this embodiment is 332 to 339 Pa.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has significant differences and has great advantages. That is, the present invention solves the problem of the prior art of damaging the engine due to the back pressure of large flue gas emissions, which is advantageous from the viewpoint of protecting the engine of a ship.
<Example 4>

In this embodiment, the circular diameters of the bottom surfaces of the flue gas distribution umbrella and the flue gas distribution umbrella are 2.15 m and 1.72 m, respectively. That is, the circular diameter of the bottom surface of the flue gas distribution umbrella is 4/5 of that of the flue gas distribution umbrella. Other technical solutions and product parameters are the same as in Example 1.

Table 9 shows the results of measuring the carbon, sulfur content and back pressure of the flue gas before and after desulfurization using the scrubber of this example, and calculating the sulfur-carbon ratio and the fuel sulfur content.

Next, the carbon, sulfur content and back pressure of the flue gas before and after desulfurization were measured using a U-shaped scrubber under the same tower body diameter, height and smoke ingress conditions, and the sulfur-carbon ratio and fuel oil were measured. The results of calculating the sulfur content are shown in Table 10.

By comparing Tables 9 and 10, the following was found. A conventional U-shaped scrubber can only meet the emission standard of the International Maritime Organization IMO for emission of sulfur fuel content in flue gas of 0.5% m / m. On the other hand, in this embodiment, the highest emission standard of 0.1% m / m of the International Maritime Organization IMO regarding the emission of fuel sulfur content in flue gas can be satisfied, and a good desulfurization effect is obtained. The back pressure at the flue gas outlet of the conventional U-shaped scrubber is 734 to 819 Pa. On the other hand, the back pressure at the flue gas outlet of this embodiment is 330 to 348 Pa.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has significant differences and has great advantages. That is, the present invention solves the problem of the prior art of damaging the engine due to the back pressure of large flue gas emissions, which is advantageous from the viewpoint of protecting the engine of a ship.
<Example 5>

The operation method of the straight-through type ship exhaust gas scrubber of this embodiment includes the following specific processes.
(A) Desulfurization process (A) In the desalination process, the exhaust gas of the ship enters the tower body through the vacuum smoke entry throat section 8, and a part of the flue gas emitted from the vacuum smoke entry throat section is distributed under the flue gas. Directly flow out from the side end of the umbrella 7 and raise it upward, and pass the other part through the flue gas distribution umbrella and then flow out from the side end of the flue gas distribution umbrella 6 and raise it upward.
Pre-cooling device 5 sprays preliminary cooling water downward to cool the high-temperature flue gas, raises the cooled flue gas, and passes through the spray devices of each layer in order. Is continuously sprayed downwards to cause a desulfurization reaction with flue gas.
The flue gas after the desulfurization reaction is raised, water vapor is removed by the mist remover 3, and the gas is discharged through the exhaust port at the upper end of the tower body.
After operating the scrubber for a long time, the mist remover is regularly cleaned by two cleaning devices, upper and lower.
Under the blocking action of the flue gas upper distribution umbrella and the flue gas lower distribution umbrella, the spray liquid and the washing water are allowed to flow out along the distance between the guide plates, so that the water directly collides with the rising flue gas. Avoids the formation of mist and prevents water from flowing into the vacuum flue gas entry throat.
The spray liquid and the washing water that have fallen to the bottom of the tower body are collected by the drain plate 9, and then discharged to the outside of the tower through the drain pipe 11.

(B) Dry combustion process (B) In the dry combustion process,
The low-sulfur flue gas enters the tower body through the vacuum smoke entry throat portion 8, passes through the internal structure, and is directly discharged into the atmosphere.
The high-temperature flue gas deforms the tower body in both the vertical and horizontal directions by thermal expansion and cold contraction, and the support structure for vertical deformation makes the fixing bolts on the extending tower body and lateral support waist-shaped. At the same time, the water inlet pipe provided outside is pulled by the expansion joint 15 due to the deformation of the tower body, and the water inlet pipe is prevented from bursting due to the deformation of the tower body.
In the lateral deformation support structure, the inner ring-shaped branch pipe and the outer ring-shaped branch pipe on the spray device 4 and the cleaning device 2 are all ring-shaped and have a tensile deformation function, and at the same time, one end of the straight through pipe 24 is fixed. The other end is movably connected to the outer cylinder 19 to support radial deformation of the straight through pipe 24, and the U-shaped locking portion 14 limits (regulates) the outer ring-shaped branch pipe only in the height direction. Supports radial deformation of the outer annelid in the width direction.

The beneficial technical effects are as follows.
According to the test data of Examples 1 to 4, the present invention has the advantages of good desulfurization effect and low back pressure. The desulfurization effect of the scrubber is affected by the ratio of the circular diameters of the bottom surfaces of the upper flue gas distribution umbrella and the lower flue gas distribution umbrella. Specifically, when the circular diameter of the bottom surface of the flue gas distribution umbrella is 1/2 that of the flue gas distribution umbrella, the fuel sulfur content is 0.007 to 0.01% m / m. Flue gas distribution When the circular diameter of the bottom surface of the umbrella is 2/3 of the flue gas distribution umbrella, the fuel sulfur content is 0.005 to 0.006% m / m and the flue gas distribution. When the circular diameter of the bottom surface of the umbrella is 3/4 of that of the flue gas distribution umbrella, the fuel sulfur content is 0.006 to 0.007% m / m, and the flue gas distribution umbrella bottom surface is circular. When the diameter was 4/5 of the flue gas distribution umbrella, the fuel sulfur content was about 0.007% m / m. That is, when the circular diameter of the bottom surface of the flue gas distribution umbrella is 2/3 of that of the flue gas distribution umbrella, the fuel sulfur content is the lowest and the desulfurization effect of the scrubber is the best. When the ratio of the circular diameter of the bottom surface of the flue gas upper distribution umbrella to the flue gas lower distribution umbrella is larger or smaller than 2/3, the fuel sulfur content increases, that is, the desulfurization effect of the scrubber decreases. Therefore, it can be concluded that the desulfurization effect of the present invention is the best when the circular diameter of the bottom surface of the flue gas distribution umbrella is 1/2 to 2/3 of the diameter of the flue gas distribution umbrella. This cause may be related to the guide plate structure placed on the distribution umbrella that separates the path for flue gas to move upward and the path for wash water to flow downward, which is further experimentally demonstrated. Needs.

The above embodiments are not limited to the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and modifications, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention are also present. Included in the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (9)

A straight-through type ship exhaust gas scrubber including a tower body (1), the tower body (1) is cylindrical, and a mounting base (10) is arranged at the lower end of the tower body, and the mounting base (1) is arranged. A vacuum smoke entry throat portion (8) is vertically extended and arranged in the central portion.
A flue gas lower distribution umbrella (7) is erected at the upper end of the vacuum smoke entry throat portion (8), and a flue gas upper distribution umbrella (6) is erected at the upper end of the flue gas lower distribution umbrella. Both the flue gas lower distribution umbrella and the flue gas upper distribution umbrella are in the shape of an umbrella, the upper end of the flue gas lower distribution umbrella is opened, and the upper end of the flue gas upper distribution umbrella is closed. ,
A precooling device (5) is arranged above the flue gas upper distribution umbrella, two or more stages of spraying devices (4) are arranged above the precooling device, and mist is removed above the spraying device. A vessel (3) is arranged, cleaning devices (2) are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the mist remover, and all nozzles of the cleaning device are oriented toward the mist remover.
Two or more lateral supports (16) are welded to the outer wall of the tower body, and the lateral supports are provided with vertically elongated holes (17) arranged in the vertical direction. The support is configured to be assembled to the inner wall of the chimney of a ship via a vertical hole and bolts fitted to the vertical hole.
A straight-through type marine exhaust gas scrubber, characterized in that the material of the tower body and the parts inside the tower body is stainless steel. The spray device (4) and the cleaning device (2) both include a straight through pipe (24), an inner ring-shaped branch pipe (20), an outer ring-shaped branch pipe (21), and a multi-fluid nozzle (22). The nozzle is the multi-fluid nozzle.
The inner ring-shaped branch and the outer ring-shaped branch are arranged concentrically, the straight-through pipe is located at the center line of the inner ring-shaped branch and the outer ring-shaped branch, and the multi-fluid nozzle (22) is located between the inner ring-shaped branch and the outer. Two or more are arranged in each of the ring-shaped branch pipes, and the multi-fluid nozzles are uniformly arranged on the inner ring-shaped branch pipe and the outer ring-shaped branch pipe.
The water inlet end of the straight-through pipe (24) is welded to the inner wall of the tower body, and the other end of the straight-through pipe is closed and then inserted into the outer cylinder (19). The pipe is fixed to the inner wall of the tower body and fits the gap with the straight through pipe, and there is a gap having a width larger than the amount of shape change between the closed end of the straight through pipe and the inner wall of the tower body. Provided,
An angle steel support (13) having four or more steps for supporting the spray device and the cleaning device is welded to the inner wall of the tower body, and a U-shape is formed on the inner upper end of the angle steel support. A locking portion (14) is arranged, the outer ring-shaped branch pipe (21) is fixed to the angle steel support via the U-shaped locking portion and a screw, and the U-shaped locking portion is the outer side. The straight-through type marine exhaust gas scrubber according to claim 1, wherein the ring-shaped branch pipe is fixed only in the height direction, and the inner diameter of the U-shaped locking portion is larger than the outer diameter of the outer ring-shaped support pipe. The water inlet end of the straight through pipe (24) communicates with a water pipe provided outside the tower body, and the water pipe is used to support vertical deformation of the tower body in a dry combustion state. The straight-through type marine exhaust gas cleaning tower according to claim 2, wherein two or more expansion joints (15) are provided. The pre-cooling device (5) comprises a bracket pipe and scroll nozzle (23), the scroll nozzles are three Ah, the scroll nozzles are distributed vertically along the bracket pipe of the scroll adjacent nozzles The angle between them is 120 ° when projected onto a horizontal plane, one end of the bracket pipe communicates with an external water inlet pipe via the tower body, and the other end is bent downward to form the bracket pipe. The straight-through type marine exhaust gas scrubber according to claim 3, wherein the scroll nozzle is fixed to the vehicle. The vacuum smoke entry throat portion (8) has a two-layer structure, a vacuum intermediate layer is arranged between the two-layer structures, and a vacuum gas extraction port (18) is opened on the lower outer wall of the vacuum smoke entry throat portion. The straight-through type marine exhaust gas scrubber according to claim 4, wherein a vacuum valve is arranged at the vacuum gas extraction port. The circular diameter of the bottom surface of the flue gas upper distribution umbrella is smaller than the circular diameter of the bottom surface of the flue gas lower distribution umbrella, and the slopes of the flue gas upper distribution umbrella and the flue gas lower distribution umbrella are both 25. ° Is, and seven or more guide plates (12) are provided on the upper end surfaces of the flue gas upper distribution umbrella and the flue gas lower distribution umbrella, and the guide plates are V-shaped angle steel and guides. The straight-through type ship flue gas scrubber according to claim 5, wherein the V-shaped opening of the plate faces outward. The straight-through type marine exhaust gas according to claim 6, wherein the circular diameter of the bottom surface of the flue gas upper distribution umbrella is 1/2 to 2/3 of the diameter of the flue gas lower distribution umbrella. Washing tower. A drainage plate (9) is inclinedly arranged at the upper end of the mounting base (10), and an opening capable of accommodating the vacuum smoke entry throat portion is opened in the center of the drainage plate. It is hermetically connected to the vacuum smoke entry throat portion at the opening, a drainage port is arranged on one side of the lower position of the drainage plate, and a drainage pipe (11) is fixedly arranged at the drainage port. The straight-through type marine wastewater cleaning tower according to claim 7, wherein the tower penetrates the mounting base and extends to the outside of the tower body. The method for operating a straight-through ship exhaust gas scrubber according to claim 8, which includes (A) a desulfurization process and (B) a dry combustion process.
(A) The desulfurization process is
The exhaust gas of the ship is allowed to enter the tower body through the vacuum smoke entry throat portion (8), and a part of the flue gas emitted from the vacuum smoke entry throat portion is collected from the flue gas lower distribution umbrella (7). It is directly discharged from the side end and raised upward, and the other portion is passed through the flue gas lower distribution umbrella and then discharged from the side end of the flue gas upper distribution umbrella (6) and raised upward.
The precooling device (5) sprays preliminary cooling water downward to cool the high-temperature flue gas, raises the cooled flue gas, and sequentially passes the spray device in each stage, and at the same time, said. A spray device continuously sprays the desulfurization solution downward to cause a desulfurization reaction with the flue gas.
The flue gas after the desulfurization reaction is raised, water vapor is removed by the mist remover (3), and the gas is discharged through the exhaust port at the upper end of the tower body.
After operating the scrubber for a long time, the mist remover is periodically cleaned by the two upper and lower cleaning devices.
Smoke that rises by causing the sprayed liquid and the water used for the cleaning to flow out along the distance between the guide plates under the blocking action of the flue gas upper distribution umbrella and the flue gas lower distribution umbrella. Avoiding direct collision with road gas to form water mist and avoiding water from flowing into the vacuum smoke entry throat.
Including a step of collecting the sprayed liquid and the water used for the cleaning that have fallen on the bottom of the tower body by a drain plate (9) and discharging them to the outside of the tower through a drain pipe (11).
(B) The dry combustion process
The low-sulfur flue gas is introduced into the tower body through the vacuum smoke entry throat portion (8), passes through the internal structure, and is directly discharged into the atmosphere.
The tower body is deformed in both the vertical and horizontal directions by thermal expansion and cold contraction by the high temperature flue gas, and on the tower body and the lateral support (16) extending by the support structure of the vertical deformation. The fixing bolt is deformed in the vertical direction along the vertically long hole (17), and at the same time, the water inlet pipe provided outside is pulled by the telescopic joint (15) due to the deformation of the tower body, and enters due to the deformation of the tower body. Avoid rupture of water pipe,
Due to the support structure for lateral deformation, the inner ring-shaped branch pipe and the outer ring-shaped branch pipe on the spray device (4) and the cleaning device (2) are both ring-shaped and have a tensile deformation function, and the straight-through pipe. One end of (24) is fixed, the other end is movably connected to the outer cylinder (19), supports radial deformation of the straight through pipe (24), and the U-shaped locking portion (14). ) Includes a step of limiting the outer ring-shaped branch pipe only in the height direction and supporting radial deformation of the outer ring-shaped branch pipe in the width direction.

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