JP6934248B2 - Human body dummy for safety evaluation - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a human body dummy for safety evaluation having a skeleton portion having characteristics very similar to the physical characteristics of human bones.

Conventionally, in a crash test of an automobile or the like, a human body model (human body dummy) for a crash test has been used as a measurement tool for predicting an injury to a human being. Then, for example, a human body dummy is mounted on an automobile in the same manner as a human being to perform a collision test, and the data obtained from this test is analyzed and used to improve the collision safety performance of the automobile.

As such a human body dummy, a newborn dummy is known (see Patent Document 1 below). This newborn dummy is equipped with an abdominal pressure sensor located at a portion corresponding to the abdomen in the torso of the spine at a distance from the torso, so that the pressure received inside the abdomen in the event of a collision or the like. Is configured to be measurable.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-258752

However, the above-mentioned human body dummy of the prior art always has characteristics similar to the physical characteristics and structure of the human body because the structure of the skeleton part such as the spine part is composed of a simple rod-shaped member and the internal organ part is composed of a flexible member. It was hard to say. The skeleton and internal organs are the parts necessary to verify the injury level. For example, in the forensic investigation of accidents and incidents, various reproduction tests in the process leading to the injury, especially when a human suffers an injury such as a fracture. In the above, it was difficult to obtain data that accurately reproduces and identifies the cause of the injury with the human body dummy of the prior art.

The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and provides a human body dummy for safety evaluation, which has a structure showing physical properties similar to the human body and can accurately reproduce and identify the cause of the injury. The purpose is to provide.

The human body dummy for safety evaluation according to the present invention is a skeleton portion composed of a base material containing 5% to 35% of calcium phosphate, 50% to 75% of calcium carbonate and 1% to 20% of a molding filler molded based on human body data. And a silicon rubber-based material having a viscoelastic shore A hardness of 35 to 55 that surrounds the outer periphery of the skeleton portion, and a fleshy portion formed to a thickness of 5 mm to 30 mm, and a silicon rubber-based material or a PVC rubber-based material. The inner skin having a tensile damage strength of 0.1 to 0.2 [maximum MPa] surrounding the outer periphery of the fleshy part and the outer skin having a tensile damage strength of 6 to 8 [maximum MPa] surrounding the outer periphery of the endothelial part. It has a portion, includes a skin portion formed to have a thickness of 1/16 to 1/3 of the fleshy portion, and the skeleton portion has breaking characteristics and movable characteristics similar to the physical properties of human bones. It is a feature.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the skeletal portion has a bone weight that matches the estimated bone weight based on the human body data.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the skin portion is made of the silicone rubber-based material or the PVC rubber-based material mixed with the adhesiveness-suppressing member. Further, in still another embodiment of the present invention, the endothelial portion is formed to have a thickness of 0.1 mm to 9 mm, and the exodermis portion is formed to have a thickness of 0.1 mm to 9 mm.

According to the present invention, the structure showing physical properties similar to that of the human body is provided, and the cause of the injury can be accurately reproduced and specified.

It is a front view which emphasizes the skeleton part and shows the whole structure of the human body dummy for safety evaluation which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, the safety evaluation human body dummy according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the following embodiments do not limit the invention according to each claim, and it is said that all combinations of features described in the embodiments are essential for the means for solving the invention. Not exclusively.

FIG. 1 is a front view showing the overall configuration of a safety evaluation human body dummy according to an embodiment of the present invention with emphasis on the skeleton portion.

As shown in FIG. 1, the safety evaluation human body dummy (hereinafter, abbreviated as “human body dummy”) 1 includes a skeleton portion 2, a fleshy portion 3 surrounding the outer periphery of the skeleton portion 2, and the fleshy portion 3 It is configured to include a skin portion 4 that surrounds the outer periphery of the skin. The skeleton portion 2 is molded based on the human body data reproduced on the human body dummy 1.

The human body data that forms the basis of the skeleton portion 2 includes various three-dimensional data such as X-ray scan data, CT scan data, and MRI scan data. Therefore, the skeleton portion 2 can be formed into the same shape as the bone shape of the obtained human body data, or can be formed so as to have an approximate shape. Further, based on the obtained human body data, the movable characteristics of the skeleton portion 2 can be molded so as to approximate the physical properties of the bone.

The skeleton portion 2 is specifically composed of a base material containing calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate and a filler for molding, which closely resembles the composition of human bone. Calcium phosphate in the base material is contained, for example, 5% to 35%, preferably 15% to 25%, and more preferably 15% to 20%. Further, the calcium carbonate in the base material is contained, for example, 50% to 75%, preferably 55% to 65%, and more preferably 55% to 60%. Further, the filler for molding in the base material is contained, for example, 1% to 20%, preferably 5% to 10%, and more preferably 5% to 7%. The skeleton portion 2 can be formed by sintering such a base material with an output device such as a 3D printer.

Since the skeleton portion 2 is formed based on the human body data, it can be formed so as to have a breaking characteristic close to the physical properties of the bone of the human body and a bone weight matching the estimated bone weight based on the human body data. That is, for example, when the bone of the human body has a standard bone density, the skeleton portion 2 can be formed according to the bone density.

Further, for example, in the case of a human body suffering from osteoporosis and having a bone density lower than the standard bone density, the skeleton portion 2 can be formed according to the bone in the lowered state. Further, the bone weight of the skeleton portion 2 can be adjusted by filling the space inside each of the molded bones with a material having good fluidity such as silicon instead of bone marrow. As a result, the skeleton portion 2 has a strength similar to that of the bone of the human body, and may have a bone weight that matches the bone weight estimated from the skeleton of the human body.

On the other hand, the fleshy portion 3 can be formed so as to have a fleshy shape that matches the body shape (flesh condition) of the human body, for example, in a state of covering the outer periphery of the skeleton portion 2. That is, for example, when the body shape of the human body is a standard body shape, the fleshy part 3 may have a fleshy shape that matches the body shape. Therefore, the fleshy portion 3 may have a fleshy shape suitable for each body shape, such as a thin shape when the human body is thin and a fat shape when the human body is fat.

Then, the fleshy part 3 can be formed to have a weight obtained by subtracting the bone weight of the skeleton part 2 from the estimated body weight according to the estimated body weight of the human body. That is, for example, assuming that the estimated weight of the human body is about 70 kg and the bone weight of the skeleton portion 2 is about 7 kg, the fleshy portion 3 is formed so as to have a weight of about 63 kg.

The fleshy part 3 is made of a rubber-based material having a viscoelasticity with a shore A hardness of 35 to 55, which is similar to the physical characteristics of human flesh including internal organs, such as silicon rubber and PVC rubber. The fleshy portion 3 is formed so as to have a thickness of, for example, 5 mm to 30 mm. The fleshy portion 3 configured in this way can reproduce aspects such as bruising and laceration in a state very similar to the human body.

The skin portion 4 is made of a silicon rubber-based material or a PVC rubber-based material, is provided so as to surround the outer periphery of the fleshy portion 3, and has a tensile damage strength of 0.1 to 0.2 [maximum MPa] and an endothelial portion thereof. It has an outer skin portion having a tensile damage strength of 6 to 8 [maximum MPa] surrounding the outer periphery of the endothelial portion, and has, for example, fissure that is close to the physical properties of human skin. The skin portion 4 is formed so that the thickness is, for example, 1/16 to 1/3 of that of the fleshy portion 3. The thickness of the endothelial portion is formed to be, for example, 0.1 mm to 9 mm, preferably 0.1 mm to 5 mm, more preferably 0.1 mm to 2 mm, and the thickness of the outer skin portion is, for example, 0.1 mm to 9 mm, preferably 0.1 mm to 9 mm. It can be formed in 0.1 mm to 5 mm, more preferably 0.1 mm to 1 mm.

When the material of the skin portion 4 is made of a silicon rubber-based material, for example, an adhesiveness suppressing member may be mixed with the silicon rubber-based material. Specifically, the silicone rubber-based material constituting the skin portion 4 is α when the silicone, the curing agent and the adhesiveness suppressing member are α, the curing agent is β and the adhesiveness suppressing member is γ. It is mixed at a mixing ratio in which two proportional equations consisting of: β = 100: 0.5 and (α + β): γ = 100: 0.5 hold.

The mixing ratio of the silicone rubber-based materials constituting the skin portion 4 is a finding obtained by the inventor's great efforts. Therefore, the skin portion 4 made of the silicone rubber-based material at the above mixing ratio reproduces an appearance very similar to that of human skin when an external force that causes laceration is applied.

That is, as for the above-mentioned tensile damage strength, for example, the average value of the tensile damage strength of the finger of an adult human body is 5 to 10 [MPa], and the tensile damage strength of the finger of an infant aged 3 months to 6 years is 5 to 15 [MPa]. It is set in consideration of the tensile injury strength of the human skin according to age, such as the tensile injury strength of fingers from adolescents to adults aged 15 to 50 years being 15 to 17 [MPa]. In addition, the tensile damage strength of the skin portion 4 may be set to a value actually obtained from the skin of the human body.

The thickness of the skin portion 4 can be set to a different value within the above range, for example, for each part of the human body. In addition, the thickness of the skin portion 4 may be set so as to be a uniform thickness over the entire human body dummy 1 within the above-mentioned range.

The adhesiveness suppressing member is mixed with the silicone rubber-based material by mixing the adhesiveness suppressing member with the silicone rubber-based material, and the mixed adhesiveness suppressing member applies a breaking load. This is because it becomes the starting point of destruction at the time. As a result, the skin portion 4 can reproduce the same degree of damage as the skin of the human body.

When the skin portion 4 is composed of a silicone rubber-based material alone, the binding force of the material itself is too strong, so that the performance of exhibiting the same appearance as that of human skin is slightly lower than that of the case where the adhesive suppressing member is mixed. It has been confirmed by the inventor's experiment that this happens. The specific members that can be used for the adhesiveness suppressing member are as follows.

That is, any adhesive suppressing member can be used as long as it can be a starting point of destruction of a silicone rubber-based material when a breaking load is applied, such as a fibrous member such as human hair or a granular member such as beads or sand. Anything can be adopted. Human hair is suitable because it has been confirmed that when human hair is used as the adhesive inhibitory member, it is possible to reproduce a state very similar to the appearance of tearing or cracking of the human skin. It can be said that it is a member. Even when the skin portion 4 is made of a PVC rubber-based material, the adhesiveness suppressing member as described above can be mixed. The fleshy part 3 and the skin part 4 can be made by making a mold with the above-mentioned mixing ratio of the silicone rubber-based material and sintering it in an oven or the like.

The human body dummy 1 configured in this way has characteristics very similar to the physical properties and structure of the human body. For this reason, in various reproduction tests related to injuries that have occurred and various tests such as safety tests of instruments and devices, it can be applied in place of the human body to obtain various data and to be useful for reproduction for investigating the cause. be able to.

The weight and the position of the center of gravity of each part including the skeleton part 2, the fleshy part 3 and the skin part 4 of the human body dummy 1 can be produced according to the age, gender and body shape of the human body. Further, the skeleton portion 2 of the human body dummy 1 may be configured to include a plurality of movable joint portions. When the human body is in an upright and immovable posture with both palms open to the front as shown in FIG. 1, the plurality of movable joints are formed at the joint connection points from this reference state. At least one of the individually defined vertical, horizontal and tilted working angles may be movable within the defined range of motion.

As an example, each movable joint portion of the skeleton portion 2 has a movable range capable of adduction, abduction, flexion, and extension similar to that of the movable joint portion of the human body, depending on the vertical operating angle, the horizontal operating angle, and the tilting operating angle. Can be formed. Specifically, the skeletal portion 2 includes, for example, at least the neck joint portion 10, the shoulder joint portion 20, the elbow joint portion 30, the radial carpal joint portion 40, the hip joint portion 50, the knee joint portion 60, and the talar joint portion 70. It can be molded with joints. The neck joint 10 reproduces the range of motion of the cervical spine, and may be configured to include an atlanto-occipital joint, a pivot joint, and a facet joint, similar to the skeleton of the human body.

The human body data may be the data of a specific individual itself, or as a standard body shape of the human body, the average male body, the average female body, the average young male body, the average young female body, and the average middle-aged body within a predetermined age range. The data may be obtained from at least one of a male body, an average middle-aged female body, an average elderly male body, an average elderly female body, and the like. As the standard body shape of the human body, for example, 50th Percentile Male (50% standard male), 95th Percentile Male (95% large male), 5th Percentile Female (5% female), etc., which are defined in 49CFR Part572 in the United States, etc. Can be mentioned.

Then, in the human body dummy 1, for example, based on the obtained human body data, the atlanto-occipital joint portion of the neck joint portion 10 can be flexed by about 6 ° and extended by about 11 ° from the reference state, for example. It can move within the range of the operating angle, it can move within the range of the horizontal operating angle that can be rotated by a very slight angle to the left and right, and it can move within the range of the tilted operating angle that allows lateral bending of about 6 ° to the left and right. Is molded into.

Similarly, the annulus joint of the neck joint 10 can move within a vertical working angle range that allows flexion of about 6 ° and extension of about 11 ° from the reference state, and is about 39 ° on each side. It is molded so that it can move within a range of horizontal operating angles that can be rotated, and can also move within a range of tilted operating angles that allow lateral bending at a very slight angle to the left and right.

Further, the facet joint portion of the neck joint portion 10 is movable within a vertical working angle range capable of flexing about 41 ° and extending about 59 ° from the reference state, and is rotated by about 34 ° on each of the left and right sides. It is molded so that it can move within the range of the horizontal operating angle that allows it to move, and it can also move within the range of the tilted operating angle that allows lateral bending of about 34 ° to the left and right.

Therefore, by comprehensively combining these, the neck joint portion 10 has a range of vertical operating angles capable of bending about 47 ° and extending about 77 °, and horizontal that can rotate about 67 ° to the left and right respectively. It is molded so that it can move including drawing circular motion within the range of the working angle and the range of the tilting working angle that allows lateral bending of about 37 ° to the left and right.

On the other hand, in the shoulder joint portion 20, the humerus portion 5 has a vertical operating angle of about 140 ° ± 20 ° to the left or right side with respect to the scapula portion 11 from the reference state, and a vertical operating angle to the front. In the range of about 170 ° ± 20 °, about 55 ° ± 20 ° in the vertical working angle to the rear, about 80 ° in the horizontal working angle to the front, and about 60 ° in the horizontal working angle to the rear. It is molded so that it can move including the drawing circular motion.

Further, in the elbow joint portion 30, the ulnar portion 6 and the radial portion 7 have a vertical operating angle of about 120 ° ± 20 ° in the anterior direction and a vertical operating angle of about 120 ° ± 20 ° in the posterior direction with respect to the humerus portion 5 from the reference state. It is molded so that it can move within a range of about 5 °, a horizontal working angle to the inside of the body of about 90 °, and a horizontal working angle to the outside of the body of about 90 °, including circular motion.

Further, in the radial carpal joint 40, from the reference state, the carpal 8 has an anterior vertical operating angle of about 95 ° ± 10 ° and a posterior vertical operating angle of about 95 with respect to the radius 7. It is molded so that it can move within a range of about ° ± 10 °, a vertical working angle to the inside of the body of about 30 °, and a vertical working angle to the outside of the body of about 30 °, including circular motion. NS.

Further, in the hip joint portion 50, from the reference state, the femur portion 9 has a vertical operating angle of about 90 ° to the left or right side and a vertical operating angle of about 125 ° to the anterior side with respect to the pelvis portion 80. It is molded so that it can move in a range of about 15 ° with a vertical working angle to the rear, including drawing circular motion.

Further, in the knee joint portion 60, from the reference state, the tibia portion 12 has a very slight vertical working angle to the anterior, left side and right side with respect to the femur portion 9, and the vertical working angle to the rear is about about. It is molded so that the internal rotation of the lower leg can be moved within a range of about 10 ° and the external rotation can be moved within a range of about 40 ° when the knee is bent at about 140 ° ± 20 °.

Then, from the reference state, the talus joint 70 has a vertical working angle of about 40 ° ± 10 ° in the anterior direction and a vertical working angle of about 40 ° ± 10 in the posterior direction with respect to the tibia part 12 from the reference state. It is molded so that it can move including circular motion within a range of about °, a horizontal working angle to the inside of the body of about 30 °, and a horizontal working angle to the outside of the body of about 20 °. Other movable joints can also be shaped to faithfully reproduce the skeleton of the human body based on the obtained human body data. In the skeleton portion 2, for example, a portion such as the spine portion 90 may be configured to have sufficient mobility by interposing an elastic body such as rubber between the vertebrae.

By using the human body dummy 1 configured in this way, not only the state of the skeleton, internal organs, skin damage, etc. can be visually recognized, but also the head injury value can be measured by equipping the skull portion 91 with a triaxial accelerometer. It is also possible to reproduce the degree of damage to the body and ribs by measuring the amount of displacement of the fleshy portion 3 in the rib portion 92 in the front-back and left-right directions. It is also possible to separately measure the load in the three-dimensional direction at each movable joint using a strain gauge or the like.

As a specific bending strength of the skeleton portion 2 showing the breaking characteristics of the skeleton portion 2 of the human body dummy 1, for example, regarding the knee joint portion 60, the reference "Shearing and Bending Human Knee Joint Tests in Quasi-Static Lateral Load" (the In the quasi-static bending test during the 1995 IRCOBI International Conference), the allowable average bending angle until the occurrence of injury is visually recognized in the knee joint 60 is 18.9 °, and the allowable average bending moment is assumed to be 129 Nm. Can be done. As a reference, in all the dynamic bending tests, it is possible to assume a strength in which the allowable average bending angle is 11.4 ° and the allowable average bending moment is 134 Nm.

Further, in the strength evaluation of the human body dummy 1, it is evaluated whether the weight and strength are faithful to the living body with reference to the human body test data based on the following documents (1) to (4).
(1) "Biomechanics of Impact Injury and Injury Tolerance of Head-Neck complex",
(2) "Biomechanics of Impact Injury and Injury Tolerance of the Extremities",
(3) "Biomechanics of Impact Injury and Injury Tolerance of the Thorax-Shoulder complex",
(4) "Biomechanics of Impact Injury and Injury Tolerance of the Abdomen, Lumbar Spine and Pelvis Complex".

As described above, according to the human body dummy 1 according to the present embodiment, the skeletal portion 2 based on the skeletal strength of the human body and the fleshy portion 3 having viscoelasticity can be adopted, and thus a specific injury level. It will be possible to judge the actual injury level by directly observing the degree of skeletal damage from the results of a demonstration experiment on behalf of the living body. Further, it is possible to eliminate the need for test equipment, various measuring instruments, and the like for analyzing data from various sensors and evaluating injury values, such as human body dummies for automobile crash tests.

That is, according to the human body dummy 1, any event that cannot be verified or reproduced in the living body can be reproduced and verified in place of the living body, so that the situation at the time of the actual accident can be reproduced in detail or the accident can occur. It can be useful for investigating the cause, and can also contribute to the verification and verification of safety in various improvement measures and safety measures.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, this embodiment is presented as an example and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. This novel embodiment can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. This embodiment and its modifications are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the scope of the invention described in the claims and the equivalent scope thereof.

For example, in the above embodiment, the skeleton portion 2 of the human body dummy 1 is shown to faithfully reproduce the skeleton of the human body based on the human body data. It is possible to reproduce and adopt a configuration in which the weight, strength, etc. are simply combined for the other parts. It is also possible to manufacture the human body dummy 1 individually for each part and use it in an experiment without manufacturing the whole body.

1 Human body dummy 2 Skeletal part 3 Fleshy part 4 Skin part 5 Humilial part 6 Scale bone part 7 Radial part 8 Carpal bone part 9 Thigh bone part 10 Neck joint part 11 Shoulder blade part 12 Tibial part 13 Far bone part 20 Shoulder joint part 30 Elbow joint 40 Radial carpal joint 50 Hip joint 60 Knee joint 70 Far thigh joint 80 Pelvic part 90 Spinal part 91 Cranial part

Claims (4)

-Phosphate calcium 5% to 35%, and a skeleton composed of a base material containing 50% to 75% calcium carbonate and 1% to 20% filler for molding,
A fleshy portion made of a silicon rubber-based material having a viscoelastic shore A hardness of 35 to 55 surrounding the outer periphery of the skeleton portion and having a thickness of 5 mm to 30 mm.
An endothelial part made of a silicon rubber-based material or a PVC rubber-based material and having a tensile damage strength of 0.1 to 0.2 [maximum MPa] surrounding the outer periphery of the fleshy portion, and 6 to 8 [surrounding the outer periphery of the endothelial portion]. It has an outer skin portion having a tensile damage strength of [maximum MPa], and has a skin portion having a thickness of 1/16 to 1/3 of the fleshy portion.
The skeleton portion is a human body dummy for safety evaluation, which has breaking characteristics and movable characteristics similar to the physical characteristics of human bones. The skeleton is claim 1 Safety evaluation anthropomorphic according, characterized in that it comprises a bone on the combined weight of the estimated bone weight based on the human body data. The human body dummy for safety evaluation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the skin portion is made of the silicon rubber-based material or the PVC rubber-based material mixed with the adhesiveness suppressing member. The safety according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the endothelial portion is formed to have a thickness of 0.1 mm to 9 mm, and the exodermis portion is formed to have a thickness of 0.1 mm to 9 mm. Human body dummy for evaluation.

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