JP6932099B2 - Rail unevenness measurement method and its equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a rail unevenness measuring method and an apparatus for measuring the position and shape of unevenness generated on the rail head, and particularly, the position of the unevenness generated on the rail head within a predetermined section of the rail is set along the rail. The present invention relates to a rail unevenness measuring method and an apparatus thereof, which are given in synchronization with a position.

If the head of the rail on which the railroad vehicle travels is uneven, vibration is generated when the vehicle passes through, which may reduce the riding comfort and cause noise. In addition, it can be one of the causes of deterioration of vehicle parts and members constituting the track due to vibration. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately grasp the position and shape of the unevenness of the rail head, the degree thereof, and the like, and repair the rail according to the condition.

Here, Non-Patent Document 1 describes a method for measuring unevenness using a rail unevenness measuring device for managing periodic unevenness that occurs continuously in the longitudinal direction of a rail, which is called wavy wear. In such a measuring device, three non-contact laser displacement sensors directed toward the rail head are arranged at irregular intervals along the rail to form an eccentric arrow, and the eccentric arrow is moved along the rail to be continuously observed. It is intended to measure the shape of the unevenness. First, in the line section where the rail unevenness is to be managed, the rail wavy wear monitoring device is used to identify the wavy wear occurrence section by on-board measurement, and after estimating the approximate amplitude of the wavy wear, the above-mentioned rail unevenness continuous measuring device is used. The rail is transported to the section, and the position and amplitude of the occurrence of the unevenness in the longitudinal direction of the detailed rail are measured.

Further, Patent Document 1 also discloses a rail unevenness measuring device capable of measuring periodic wavy wear by providing three non-contact laser displacement sensors at unequal intervals along a rail so as to form an eccentric arrow. There is. Here, the displacement sensor measures the moving distance of the displacement sensor along the rail while measuring the moving distance, and the measurement result is not affected even if the displacement sensor is stopped in the middle of the movement without depending on the moving speed. It states what can be done. The distance sensor is typically a rotary encoder equipped with wheels, but a non-contact sensor such as a laser distance sensor, an optical distance sensor, or an ultrasonic distance sensor may be used.

Further, in Patent Document 2, similarly to the above, the displacement sensor is used for a rail unevenness measuring device in which a plurality of non-contact laser displacement sensors are provided at unequal intervals along the rail so as to form an eccentric arrow together with the distance sensor. It is disclosed that the rail unevenness is detected by the 4-point difference method as one sensor. According to this method, it is possible to measure rail irregularities having a longer wavelength with high measurement accuracy.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-251840 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-093543

"Practical application of portable rail unevenness continuous measuring device for wavy wear management"; by Hirofumi Tanaka and Atsushi Shimizu; Railway Technical Research Institute, Vol. 29, No. 8, August 2015

The unevenness generated on the rail head gradually expands in the depth direction and the extension direction of the rail as the vehicle travels, but if it is a small unevenness, no particular maintenance or the like is required until it expands. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the unevenness generated on the rail head within a predetermined section of the rail a plurality of times with a time interval and monitor and observe it.

By the way, as in the rail unevenness measuring device disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the shape of the unevenness changes even if the front and rear along the rail are measured a plurality of times with a rotary encoder for the known unevenness. It is not always the same position. Further, even if the starting point of the movement of the rail unevenness measuring device along the rail is determined and the position of the unevenness is made the same as the position along the rail by the mileage by the rotary encoder each time, the distal point. The distance from the start point of the movement in is not accurate because it changes depending on the idling of the rotary encoder and the movement position in the width direction along the rail of the encoder.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to be able to observe the time change of the shape and position of the unevenness generated on the rail head, that is, to make the unevenness at different times. It is an object of the present invention to provide a rail unevenness measuring method and a measuring device thereof, which can identify the same unevenness even if measured a plurality of times, that is, can give the unevenness position in synchronization with the position along the rail.

In the rail unevenness measuring method according to the present invention, the main measuring unit and the supporting unit given on each of the pair of rails are connected by a connecting mechanism across the rails and moved along the rails by the wheels included in each. It is a rail unevenness measuring method using a rail unevenness measuring device for measuring the position and shape of the unevenness generated on the rail head within a predetermined section of the installed rail, and the main measuring unit is below the rail unevenness measuring device. A height position measuring means for measuring the height position of the rail head and a moving distance measuring means for measuring the moving distance of the height position measuring means along the rail are included, and further, the height position is included. It includes a reference position detecting means for detecting whether or not the measuring means is at a predetermined position in the predetermined section, and is characterized in that the position of the unevenness is synchronized with the position along the rail.

According to such an invention, since the movement distance from a predetermined position within a predetermined section can be measured by the movement distance measuring means instead of the distance from the start point of the movement at the distal point, the position of the unevenness can be measured as a position along the rail. Can be synchronized with.

In the above invention, the reference position detecting means may be characterized by being a distance sensor that detects the presence or absence of a fixed object that can be detected at the predetermined position. According to such an invention, the exact position of the height position measuring means with respect to the position of the fixed object can be specified, and the position of the unevenness can be more accurately synchronized with the position along the rail.

In the above-described invention, a plurality of the predetermined positions may be provided in the predetermined section, and the fixed object may be provided corresponding to each of the predetermined positions. According to such an invention, the moving distance along the rail from a predetermined position can be accurately measured, and the position of the unevenness can be more accurately synchronized with the position along the rail.

In the above invention, the fixed object may be characterized in that it is a fastening member of the rail. Further, in the above invention, the fixing member may be a sleeper. According to such an invention, a predetermined position can be set relatively freely, and the position of the unevenness can be synchronized with the position along the rail.

In the above-described invention, the reference position detecting means may be characterized by being an image acquisition device capable of continuously acquiring images. Further, the image acquisition means may be characterized by being a device for acquiring an infrared image. According to such an invention, the moving distance along the rail from a predetermined position can be measured by an image, and when an infrared image is acquired, it is also suitable for nighttime measurement, and the position of unevenness is synchronized with the position along the rail. be able to.

Further, in the rail unevenness measuring device according to the present invention, the main measuring unit and the supporting unit given on each of the pair of rails are connected by a connecting mechanism across the rails and along the rails by the wheels included in the main measuring unit and the supporting unit. A rail unevenness measuring device for measuring the position and shape of unevenness generated on the rail head within a predetermined section of the installed rail, wherein the main measuring unit is a rail head below the rail head. The height position measuring means for measuring the height position and the moving distance measuring means for measuring the moving distance of the height position measuring means along the rail are included, and the height position measuring means is the predetermined one. It includes a reference position detecting means for detecting whether or not it is at a predetermined position in a section, and is characterized in that the position of the unevenness is given in synchronization with a position along the rail.

According to such an invention, since the movement distance from a predetermined position within a predetermined section can be measured by the movement distance measuring means instead of the distance from the start point of the movement at the distal point, the position of the unevenness can be measured as a position along the rail. Can be synchronized with.

In the above invention, the reference position detecting means may be characterized by being a distance sensor that detects the presence or absence of a fixed object that can be detected at the predetermined position. According to such an invention, the exact position of the height position measuring means with respect to the position of the fixed object can be specified, and the position of the unevenness can be more accurately synchronized with the position along the rail.

In the above-described invention, the reference position detecting means may be characterized by being an image acquisition device capable of continuously acquiring images. Further, the image acquisition means may be characterized by being a device for acquiring an infrared image. According to such an invention, the moving distance along the rail from a predetermined position can be accurately measured by an image, and when an infrared image is acquired, it is also suitable for nighttime measurement, and the uneven position is set to a position along the rail. Can be synchronized.

It is a figure which shows the outline of the rail unevenness measuring apparatus by a typical example of this invention, (a) shows the top view, (b) shows the front view seen from the arrow A1 direction of FIG. 1 (a) respectively. FIG. 2A is a schematic view for explaining the configuration of the main measurement unit included in FIG. 1 in more detail, FIG. 2A is a side view seen from the direction of arrow A2 in FIG. 1A, and FIG. 1B is FIG. (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along the B1-B1 cutting line, and (c) is a cross-sectional view taken along the B2-B2 cutting line of FIG. 1 (b). It is an enlarged view of the main part of FIG. 2 (b). It is an enlarged view of the main part of FIG. 2C.

Hereinafter, the rail unevenness measuring method and the apparatus thereof according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.

As shown in FIG. 1, the rail unevenness measuring device 100 according to the present invention mainly travels on one of the pair of rails 20L and 20R installed on the upper surface of the sleepers 10 arranged on the track. It includes a measuring unit 110, a support unit 120 running on the other rail 20R, and a connecting mechanism 130 connecting the main measuring unit 110 and the support unit 120. The pair of rails 20L and 20R are attached to the upper surfaces of a plurality of sleepers 10 arranged at predetermined intervals by, for example, fasteners 30L and 30R using bolts 32L and 32R, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 2, the main measurement unit 110 includes a substantially box-shaped main body member 111 that is open downward, and a pair of traveling wheels 112 that are rotatably attached to the main body member 111 via a shaft member 112a. A rotary encoder 113 rotatably attached to the main body member 111 via a shaft member 113a, a sensor stay 114 attached to the inner side of the main body member 111, and a plurality of displacement sensors 115 attached to the lower surface of the sensor stay 114. A plurality of guide wheels 116 that are attached to the inside of the side surface of the main body member 111 and rotate while contacting the side surface of the head portion 22L of the rail 20L, and the presence or absence of a fixed object that is arranged in the vicinity of the rail 20L and serves as a position reference. It includes a reference position detection sensor 117 for detection, and a control box 118 having a control unit 118a including a battery for supplying power to a sensor of the main measurement unit 110 and the like and a memory for recording acquired data.

The pair of traveling wheels 112 are attached in the vicinity of the front and rear ends of the main body member 111 so that the main measuring unit 110 travels along the extension direction of the rail 20L. The rotary encoder 113 rotates so as not to slip with respect to the head 22L while being in contact with the head 22L of the rail 20L, and measures the mileage of the main measuring unit 110 on the rail 20L. Here, in this embodiment, the rotary encoder 113 is arranged in the middle portion of the pair of traveling wheels 112, but the size and arrangement thereof do not matter as long as the traveling distance on the rail 20L can be measured. Further, although not shown, the pair of traveling wheels 112 and the rotary encoder 113 may be configured to be attached via a damper, a spring, or the like.

The sensor stay 114 is formed of a rigid body that minimizes deformation due to vibration, and its lower surface is substantially parallel to the upper surface of the head portion 22L of the rail 20L, that is, connects the centers of the shaft members 112a of the pair of traveling wheels 112. It is attached to the internal space of the main body member 111 so as to be substantially parallel to the wire. A displacement sensor 115 is attached to the lower surface of the sensor stay 114 at each of a plurality of positions along the traveling direction of the main measurement unit 110 so that the sensing surface faces downward. Further, three or more displacement sensors 115 are arranged at unequal intervals along the traveling direction of the main measurement unit 110 so as to form an eccentric arrow disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 and the like.

The displacement sensor 115 is, for example, a non-contact type laser displacement sensor, which measures the height position from the sensing surface to the traveling surface (the upper surface of the head 22L of the rail 20L) and synchronizes with the output of the rotary encoder 113. The measured value is acquired at a predetermined sampling frequency. Here, in this example, the case where the laser displacement sensor is applied as a non-contact type sensor is illustrated, but a sensor such as an eddy current displacement sensor or an ultrasonic displacement sensor may be used.

As will be described later, four displacement sensors are used in this embodiment, but other numbers may be used in consideration of the amount of data that can be sampled or processed, the measurement accuracy, and the like. Further, the plurality of mounting positions of the displacement sensor 115 may be arbitrary positions in the extending direction of the sensor stay 114 as well as between the pair of traveling wheels 112.

The plurality of guide wheels 116 rotate, for example, around an axis attached to the inside of the side surface of the main body member 111 located on the connecting mechanism 130 side and extend in a substantially vertical direction, and the outer peripheral surface thereof contacts the side surface of the head 22L of the rail 20L. By allowing the main measurement unit 110 to travel along the rail 20L, it has a function of guiding the main measurement unit 110 to travel along the rail 20L. Here, it is preferable that the plurality of guide wheels 116 are configured so that their outer peripheral surfaces are always urged toward the side surface of the head 22L by an elastic mechanism such as a spring.

The reference position detection sensor 117 is a non-contact type sensor such as a laser displacement sensor, an eddy current sensor, or an ultrasonic displacement sensor, and detects the presence or absence of a fixed object provided in the vicinity of the rail 20L to be measured. do.

That is, by detecting the presence or absence of a fixed object by the reference position detection sensor 117, it is possible to detect whether or not the displacement sensor 115 as the height position measuring means is present at a predetermined position within a predetermined section defined along the rail 20L. Further, the mileage of the main measurement unit 110 on the rail 20L from such a predetermined position can be measured by the rotary encoder 113. With these, the position of the displacement sensor 115 for measuring the height position along the rail 20L can be specified each time. That is, the height position of the head of the rail 20L measured by the displacement sensor 115 can be synchronized with the position along the rail 20L. By continuously obtaining such a height position and processing it by an eccentric arrow calculation or the like described later, the unevenness of the head 22L of the rail 20L can be obtained, and the unevenness is also located along the rail 20L. Can be synchronized.

It should be noted that the unevenness generated on the head of the rail can spread in the direction along the rail while increasing its depth with the passage of time. Therefore, in order to obtain a change with the passage of time, measurement is performed. It is necessary to specify the position along the rail at the height position, regardless of the shape of the unevenness. In this regard, according to the present embodiment, as described above, the height position of the head 22L of the rail 20L and the unevenness obtained from these can be synchronized with the position along the rail 20L.

As the fixed object, for example, sleepers 10 and fasteners 30L arranged at regular intervals may be used. In this case, the reference position detection sensor 117 is attached to the side surface of the main body member 111 with the sensing surface facing downward so that the main measurement unit 110 passes above the fastener 30L when traveling on the rail 20L. Here, in this example, the reference position detection sensor 117 is directly attached to the main body member 111, but other positions may be used as long as the presence or absence of a fixed object can be detected. For example, when applying a fixed object that exists at a position slightly away from the rail 20L (for example, the end of a pillow or a part of a slab plate), the reference position detection sensor 117 is used via an arm member or the like. It may be attached to the main body member 111 so as to be movable within a certain range in the extending direction of the pillow. The reference position detection sensor 117 may be provided near the front end of the sensor stay 114 in order to suppress the influence of vibration.

Further, the reference position detection sensor 117 may be an image acquisition device capable of continuously acquiring images. For example, the presence or absence of a fixed object can be detected from the obtained image by using a video camera capable of capturing a region through which the fixed object relatively passes. Further, this image acquisition device may be an infrared camera that acquires an infrared image, and in this case, it is also suitable for nighttime measurement.

Referring to FIG. 1 again, the support unit 120 is attached to a substantially box-shaped housing 121, a pair of traveling wheels 122 rotatably attached in the traveling direction of the housing 121, and inside the side surface of the housing 121. A plurality of guide wheels 126 that rotate while being in contact with the side surface of the head portion 22R of the rail 20R. These are the same as those of the main measurement unit 110. Further, the connecting mechanism 130 includes a connecting member 131 having one end connected to the side surface of the main measurement unit 110 and the other end connected to the side surface of the support unit 120, and a hinge 132 attached to a substantially central portion of the connecting member 131. Includes a push rod 133, one end of which is rotatably attached to the hinge 132.

With these configurations, the rail unevenness measuring device 100 can perform measurement while integrally traveling on the pair of rails 20L and 20R by pushing and moving the push rod 133 of the connecting mechanism 130. Here, in order to support a plurality of types of rail spacing, the connecting member 131 may be further configured to include a spacing adjusting mechanism (not shown) capable of changing the spacing between the main measuring unit 110 and the support unit 120. good.

As shown in FIG. 3, the reference position detection sensor 117 is attached to the main body member 111 near the front end side in the traveling direction, and its sensing surface 117a is a fastener 30L of rails 20L arranged at predetermined intervals. It is arranged downward so as to face the. When the measurement is started, the incident laser beam IW1 is emitted from the sensing surface 117a of the reference position detection sensor 117, and when it is reflected by an object existing immediately below the sensing surface 117a, it is received by the sensing surface 117a as the reflected laser beam RW1. At this time, since the distances from the sensing surface 117a are different from each of the "upper surface of the sleeper 10", the "upper surface of the fastener 30L", the "upper surface of the bolt 32L", and the "other part", the incident laser beam IW1 is used. The time from the emission to the reception of the reflected laser beam RW1 will be different. As a result, the presence or absence of a predetermined fixed object (for example, fastener 30L) is detected.

As shown in FIG. 4, four displacement sensors 115A to 115D are attached to the lower surface of the sensor stay 114 so as to line up along the traveling direction of the main measurement unit 110. Since these four displacement sensors 115A to 115D have the same configuration and function, the functions of the displacement sensor 115A at the time of measurement will be described here, and the description of the other sensors will be omitted. The sensing surface 115a of the displacement sensor 115A is arranged downward so as to face the upper surface of the head 22L of the rail 20L to be measured.

When the measurement is started, the incident laser beam IW2 is emitted from the sensing surface 115a of the displacement sensor 115A, and when it is reflected on the upper surface of the head 22L, it is received by the sensing surface 115a as the reflected laser beam RW2. At this time, the distances between the displacement sensors 115A to 115D and the reference position detection sensor 117 along the traveling direction of the main measurement unit 110 are fixed to D1 to D4, respectively. Therefore, the height position of the head 22L of the rail 20L continuously acquired by the displacement sensors 115A to 115D is deviated by the respective distances D1 to D4. The difference between the distances D1 to D4 is used for the eccentric arrow calculation described later. Further, the deviation from the reference position detection sensor 117 is used to synchronize the position of the unevenness obtained by the eccentric arrow calculation or the like with the position along the rail.

The measurement data measured by the plurality of displacement sensors 115 and the reference position detection sensor 117 is sent to the control unit 118a together with the equidistant pulses generated from the rotary encoder 113. As an example of the calculation process, the control unit 118a removes noise from measurement data from various sensors and uses equidistant pulses from the rotary encoder 113 to determine a distance axis from a predetermined position along the rail 20L. Convert to the above equidistant data. Then, the distance from the starting point of the measurement along the rail 20 to the predetermined position obtained by the reference position detection sensor 117 is added to the distance of each data, and the synchronization of each data is obtained by the distance from the same starting point. Here, as an example of equidistant pulses, for example, pulses at intervals of 5 mm are used.

Subsequently, as in Non-Patent Document 1, the control unit 118a performs an eccentric arrow calculation on the height position of equal intervals (intervals by equal distance pulses) on the distance axis using a known calculation formula, and then performs an eccentric arrow calculation. Concavo-convex data on the surface above the rail head can be obtained by performing the restoration process using the inverse filter formula defined by the inspection characteristics of various sensors. At this time, it is preferable to remove the influence of vibration of the device with a bandpass filter or the like.

Although the typical examples according to the present invention and the modified examples accompanying the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not necessarily limited to these, and can be appropriately modified by those skilled in the art. That is, a person skilled in the art will be able to find various alternative examples and modifications without departing from the attached claims.

For example, in the above example, the case where the rotary encoder 113 is applied is shown, but if the mileage of the main measurement unit 110 can be measured, for example, a laser distance sensor, an ultrasonic distance sensor, or the like is applied. May be good.

10 Kuragi 20L, 20R Rail 22L Head 30L, 30R Fastener 32L, 32R Bolt 100 Rail unevenness measuring device 110 Main measuring unit 111 Main body member 112 Traveling wheel 113 Rotary encoder 114 Sensor stay 115, 115A, 115B, 115C, 115D Displacement Sensor 116 Guide wheel 117 Reference position detection sensor 118 Control box 120 Support unit 122 Traveling wheel 126 Guide wheel 130 Connecting mechanism 131 Connecting member 132 Hinge 133 Push rod

Claims (11)

The main measurement unit and the support unit given on each of the pair of rails are connected by a connecting mechanism across the rails and moved along the rails by the wheels included in each, and a predetermined section of the installed rails. This is a rail unevenness measuring method using a rail unevenness measuring device that measures the position and shape of the unevenness generated on the rail head inside.
The main measuring unit includes a height position measuring means for measuring the height position of the rail head below the rail head, a moving distance measuring means for measuring the moving distance of the height position measuring means along the rail, and the like. It includes,
Before Symbol height measuring means wherein in a predetermined position within a predetermined interval whether the detection to the reference position detecting means including Mutotomoni, from said moving distance to the position relative to the predetermined position, measured the height position A rail unevenness measuring method , further comprising a calculation unit that synchronizes the above with a position along the rail. The rail unevenness measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the reference position detecting means is a distance sensor that detects the presence or absence of a fixed object that can be detected at the predetermined position. The rail unevenness measuring method according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of the predetermined positions are provided in the predetermined section, and the fixed objects are provided corresponding to the predetermined positions. The rail unevenness measuring method according to claim 3, wherein the fixed object is a fastening member or sleepers of the rail. Was measured a plurality of times at a time for the irregularities, rail irregularity as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in Rukoto given observation time change of the position and shape of the unevenness Measuring method. The rail unevenness measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the reference position detecting means is an image acquisition device capable of continuously acquiring an image. The rail unevenness measuring method according to claim 6, wherein the image acquiring means is an apparatus for acquiring an infrared image. The main measurement unit and the support unit given on each of the pair of rails are connected by a connecting mechanism across the rails and moved along the rails by the wheels included in each, and a predetermined section of the installed rails. It is a rail unevenness measuring device that measures the position and shape of the unevenness generated on the rail head inside.
The main measuring unit includes a height position measuring means for measuring the height position of the rail head below the rail head, a moving distance measuring means for measuring the moving distance of the height position measuring means along the rail, and the like. It includes,
Before Symbol height measuring means wherein in a predetermined position within a predetermined interval whether the detection to the reference position detecting means including Mutotomoni, from said moving distance to the position relative to the predetermined position, measured the height position A rail unevenness measuring device , further comprising a calculation unit that synchronously gives a position along the rail. The rail unevenness measuring device according to claim 8, wherein the reference position detecting means is a distance sensor that detects the presence or absence of a fixed object that can be detected at the predetermined position. The rail unevenness measuring device according to claim 8, wherein the reference position detecting means is an image acquiring device capable of continuously acquiring an image. The rail unevenness measuring device according to claim 10, wherein the image acquiring means is a device for acquiring an infrared image.

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