JP6930292B2 - Power relay device, transmitter, power receiver, and power transmission / reception system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a power relay device, a transmitter, a power receiver, and a power transmission / reception system.

Conventionally, there is a wireless power transmission device using proximity field focusing. The wireless power transmitter includes a source unit that includes a power resonator that wirelessly transmits power to the target device. Further, the wireless power transmission device includes a proximity field focus unit that focuses the proximity field of the magnetic field radiated in all directions of the power supply resonator to the target device (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-516830

By the way, the distribution of the proximity field of the magnetic field focused by the proximity field focus portion of the conventional wireless power transmitter (transmitter) is fixed.

Therefore, even if the proximity field of the magnetic field is focused on the target device (power receiver) in the proximity field focus unit, if the target device is deviated from the proximity field of the focused magnetic field, the power receiving efficiency in the target device is lowered.

That is, in the conventional wireless power transmitter (transmitter) and target device (receiver), the power transmission efficiency between the transmitter and the receiver may decrease.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a power relay device, a transmitter, a power receiver, and a power transmission / reception system having improved transmission efficiency.

The power relay device according to the embodiment of the present invention has a plurality of resonance coils arranged in a matrix in a plan view, and includes a primary resonance coil and a secondary resonance coil that transmit power by magnetic field resonance or electric field resonance. By controlling the resonance states of the metamaterial that relays the power between the two resonance coils and the plurality of resonance coils, the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial determined by the resonance states of the plurality of resonance coils in a plan view is determined. Includes a control unit that controls the distribution and a position detection unit that detects the relative positions of the reference point of the primary resonance coil and the reference point of the secondary resonance coil in plan view with respect to the reference point of the metamaterial. The control unit is a plane from the reference point of the primary resonance coil and the reference point of the secondary resonance coil among the plurality of resonance coils based on the relative position detected by the position detection unit. The first specific magnetic permeability of the first region where the resonance coil is located at a position where the distance in sight is shorter than a predetermined distance is a negative value, and among the plurality of resonance coils, the reference point of the primary resonance coil. And so that the distance of the secondary resonance coil from the reference point in the plan view is smaller than the second specific magnetic permeability in the second region where the resonance coil located at a position longer than the predetermined distance is present. Controls the resonance state of the resonance coil .

It is possible to provide a power relay device, a transmitter, a power receiver, and a power transmission / reception system with improved transmission efficiency.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the coil of the power transmission system 50 of embodiment. It is a figure which shows the power receiver 80 and the power transmitter 100 of embodiment. It is a figure which shows the metamaterial 120. It is a figure which shows the frequency characteristic of the specific magnetic permeability of a metamaterial 120. It is a figure explaining the lens effect of a metamaterial 120. It is a figure which shows an example of the driving state of the resonance coil 121 for providing the distribution in the relative magnetic permeability μ of a metamaterial 120. It is a figure which shows the positional relationship between the primary side resonance coil 12 and the secondary side resonance coil 81, and the power receiving efficiency η of the secondary side resonance coil 81. It is a figure which shows the application example of a power transmitter 100 and a power receiver 80. It is a figure which shows the structure of the resonance coil 320. It is a figure which shows the structure of the resonance coil 320. It is a figure which shows an example of the driving state of the resonance coil 320 for providing the distribution in the relative magnetic permeability μ of the metamaterial 120A which arranged the resonance coil 320 in a matrix. It is a figure which shows the resonance coil 420.

Hereinafter, embodiments to which the power relay device, transmitter, power receiver, and power transmission / reception system of the present invention are applied will be described.

<Embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a coil of the power transmission system 50 of the embodiment. The power transmission system 50 includes an AC power supply 1, a power transmitter 100 on the primary side (transmission side), and a power receiver 80 on the secondary side (power reception side). The power transmission system 50 may include a plurality of transmitters 100 and receivers 80.

The transmitter 100 has a primary coil 11 and a primary resonant coil 12. The power receiver 80 has a secondary resonance coil 81 and a secondary coil 82. A load device 30 is connected to the secondary coil 82.

As shown in FIG. 1, the transmitter 100 and the power receiver 80 are transmitted by magnetic field resonance (magnetic field resonance) between the primary side resonance coil (LC resonator) 12 and the secondary side resonance coil (LC resonator) 81. Energy (power) is transmitted from the electric device 100 to the power receiving device 80. Here, the power transmission from the primary side resonance coil 12 to the secondary side resonance coil 81 can be not only magnetic field resonance but also electric field resonance (electric field resonance), but in the following description, magnetic field resonance is mainly taken as an example. explain.

Further, in the embodiment, as an example, the frequency of the AC voltage output by the AC power supply 1 is 6.78 MHz, and the resonance frequency of the primary side resonance coil 12 and the secondary side resonance coil 81 is 6.78 MHz. explain.

The power transmission from the primary side coil 11 to the primary side resonance coil 12 is performed by using electromagnetic induction, and the power transmission from the secondary side resonance coil 81 to the secondary side coil 82 also uses electromagnetic induction. Is done.

Next, the power receiver 80 and the power transmitter 100 of the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a power receiver 80 and a power transmitter 100 of the embodiment.

The transmitter 100 includes an AC power supply 1, a primary coil 11, a primary resonance coil 12, a matching circuit 13, a capacitor 14, a control unit 110, a metamaterial 120, and a position detection unit 130. The AC power supply 1 is the same as that shown in FIG.

Here, the control unit 110 and the metamaterial 120 construct the power relay device of the embodiment. That is, the transmitter 100 includes the power relay device of the embodiment. Further, the power receiver 80 and the power transmitter 100 construct the power transmission / reception system of the embodiment.

The power receiver 80 includes a secondary resonance coil 81, a secondary coil 82, a rectifier circuit 83, a smoothing capacitor 84, and output terminals 86A and 86B. A DCDC converter 210 is connected to the output terminals 86A and 86B, and a battery 220 is connected to the output side of the DCDC converter 210. In FIG. 2, the load circuit is a battery 220.

As shown in FIG. 2, the primary coil 11 is a loop-shaped coil, and is connected to the AC power supply 1 via a matching circuit 13 between both ends. The primary side coil 11 is arranged in close proximity to the primary side resonance coil 12 in a non-contact manner, and is electromagnetically coupled to the primary side resonance coil 12. The primary side coil 11 is arranged so that its own central axis coincides with the central axis of the primary side resonance coil 12. Matching the central axes improves the coupling strength between the primary coil 11 and the primary resonant coil 12, suppresses magnetic flux leakage, and eliminates unnecessary electromagnetic fields from the primary coil 11 and the primary resonant coil. This is to suppress the occurrence around 12.

The primary coil 11 generates a magnetic field by AC power supplied from the AC power supply 1 via the matching circuit 13, and transmits the power to the primary resonance coil 12 by electromagnetic induction (mutual induction).

As shown in FIG. 2, the primary side resonance coil 12 is arranged in close contact with the primary side coil 11 in a non-contact manner and is electromagnetically coupled to the primary side coil 11. The distance between the primary side resonance coil 12 and the primary side coil 11 is, for example, about several millimeters to several tens of centimeters.

Further, the primary resonance coil 12 has a predetermined resonance frequency and is designed to have a high Q value. The resonance frequency of the primary resonance coil 12 is set to be equal to the resonance frequency of the secondary resonance coil 81. A capacitor 14 for adjusting the resonance frequency is connected in series between both ends of the primary resonance coil 12.

The resonance frequency of the primary resonance coil 12 is set to be the same frequency as the frequency of the AC power output by the AC power supply 1. The resonance frequency of the primary resonance coil 12 is determined by the inductance of the primary resonance coil 12 and the capacitance of the capacitor 14. Therefore, the inductance of the primary side resonance coil 12 and the capacitance of the capacitor 14 are set so that the resonance frequency of the primary side resonance coil 12 becomes the same frequency as the frequency of the AC power output from the AC power supply 1. Has been done.

The matching circuit 13 is inserted to match the impedance between the primary side coil 11, the primary side resonance coil 12, the secondary side resonance coil 81, and the secondary side coil 82 and the AC power supply 1, and is inserted into the inductor L and the capacitor. Including C. If the impedances of the primary side coil 11, the primary side resonance coil 12, the secondary side resonance coil 81, and the secondary side coil 82 and the AC power supply 1 are close to each other, the matching circuit 13 may not be provided.

The AC power supply 1 is a power supply that outputs AC power having a frequency required for magnetic field resonance, and incorporates an amplifier that amplifies the output power. The AC power supply 1 outputs, for example, high-frequency AC power of about several tens of kHz to several tens of MHz.

The capacitor 14 is a capacitor inserted in series between both ends of the primary resonance coil 12. The capacitor 14 is provided to adjust the resonance frequency of the primary resonance coil 12.

The control unit 110 controls the output voltage and output frequency of the AC power supply 1. Further, the control unit 110 performs a control process for adjusting the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 based on the position of the secondary resonance coil 81 detected by the position detection unit 130.

The metamaterial 120 is arranged on the transmission side (the side where the secondary resonance coil 81 is located) of the primary resonance coil 12, and relays the power output from the primary resonance coil 12 to the secondary resonance coil 81. The metamaterial 120 has a plurality of resonant coils arranged in a matrix. Here, it is assumed that the surface of the metamaterial 120 is parallel to a plane in which a plurality of resonant coils are arranged in a matrix.

The metamaterial 120 has a rectangular shape in a plan view, and the size in the plan view is larger than the size in the plan view of the primary side resonance coil 12 and the secondary side resonance coil 81. In the metamaterial 120, the surface of the metamaterial 120 is parallel to the plane of the primary resonance coil 12, and the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12 passes through the center of the rectangular metamaterial 120 in a plan view. Arranged.

The distance between the metamaterial 120 and the primary resonance coil 12 is set so that the metamaterial 120 can efficiently relay the electric power output from the primary resonance coil 12. Here, as an example, the distance between the metamaterial 120 and the primary resonance coil 12 is several tens of centimeters or less. As described above, the metamaterial 120 and the primary resonance coil 12 are arranged at the optimum positions for each other, and the positional relationship is fixed.

The metamaterial 120 can adjust the distribution of relative magnetic permeability in a plane parallel to the surface according to the position of the secondary resonance coil 81 detected by the position detection unit 130. When the distribution of relative permeability in a plane parallel to the surface is adjusted by the metamaterial 120, the position where the magnetic flux output from the metamaterial 120 converges is adjusted in the plane parallel to the surface of the metamaterial 120. Can be done.

As a result, the metamaterial 120 can induce the magnetic flux to the position of the secondary resonance coil 81, and the power receiver 80 secondary to the power output from the primary resonance coil 12 and relayed by the metamaterial 120. Power can be efficiently received by the side resonance coil 81.

Such control of the metamaterial 120 is performed by the control unit 110. Details of the configuration of the metamaterial 120 will be described later with reference to FIG.

The position detection unit 130 detects the position of the secondary resonance coil 81 with respect to the metamaterial 120. The position of the secondary resonance coil 81 detected by the position detection unit 130 is a position relative to the metamaterial 120. When detecting the position in this way, the position of the reference point (for example, the center of the coil) of the secondary resonance coil 81 with respect to the reference point (for example, the center of the surface) of the metamaterial 120 may be detected.

Here, since the metamaterial 120 and the primary resonance coil 12 are arranged at optimum positions for each other, a mode in which the position detection unit 130 detects the position of the secondary resonance coil 81 with respect to the metamaterial 120 will be described. do.

If the central axes of the primary resonance coil 12 and the secondary resonance coil 81 do not match each other and the position of the secondary resonance coil 81 is deviated from the position of the primary resonance coil 12, the metamaterial 120 If the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 is controlled so that the magnetic flux is induced in the portion close to the secondary resonance coil 81, the power receiving efficiency of the secondary resonance coil 81 can be maximized. For this reason, the transmitter 100 detects the position of the secondary resonance coil 81 with respect to the metamaterial 120 by the position detection unit 130.

As described above, since the metamaterial 120 and the primary resonance coil 12 are arranged at the optimum positions for each other, the position detection unit 130 detects the position of the secondary resonance coil 81 with respect to the metamaterial 120. This is synonymous with the position detection unit 130 detecting the position of the secondary resonance coil 81 with respect to the primary resonance coil 12.

Further, here, the case where the center of the metamaterial 120 and the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12 coincide with each other will be described, but the center of the metamaterial 120 and the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12 are deviated from each other. In this case, the position detection unit 130 may detect the positions of the primary resonance coil 12 and the secondary resonance coil 81 with respect to the metamaterial 120. When the position is detected in this way, the positions of the reference points (for example, the center of the coil) of the primary side resonance coil 12 and the secondary side resonance coil 81 with respect to the reference point (for example, the center of the surface) of the metamaterial 120. Should be detected.

As the position detection unit 130, for example, an optical sensor such as an infrared sensor or a laser sensor, or a magnetic sensor such as a hall sensor can be used. Further, the position of the secondary resonance coil 81 may be detected by using a camera as the position detection unit 130 and performing image processing on the image acquired by the camera by the control unit 110.

When the position is detected by image processing, the camera may be provided in the power receiver 80. Image processing may be performed by the control unit or the control unit 110 of the power receiving device 80 to detect the position of the secondary resonance coil 81 with respect to the metamaterial 120. In this case, wireless communication may be performed between the power receiver 80 and the power transmitter 100 to transmit and receive necessary data.

Further, instead of detecting the position of the secondary resonance coil 81, the position of the power receiver 80 may be detected, and the position of the secondary resonance coil 81 may be determined from the detected position of the power receiver 80. For example, when it is difficult to detect the position of the secondary resonance coil 81, the control unit 110 holds and controls data representing the position of the secondary resonance coil 81 in the power receiver 80. The unit 110 may detect the position of the power receiver 80 based on the output of the position detection unit 130, and obtain the position of the secondary resonance coil 81 from the detected position of the power receiver 80.

The transmitter 100 as described above transmits the AC power supplied from the AC power supply 1 to the primary coil 11 to the primary resonance coil 12 by magnetic induction, and transmits the power from the primary resonance coil 12 by magnetic field resonance to the metamaterial 120. Output to.

The control unit 110 determines the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 so that the magnetic flux density at the position of the secondary resonance coil 81 increases according to the position of the secondary resonance coil 81 detected by the position detection unit 130. Adjust the distribution. The electric power output from the metamaterial 120 is received by the secondary resonance coil 81 of the power receiver 80 while maintaining the magnetic field resonance.

The transmitter 100 may be configured such that the matching circuit 13 and the primary resonance coil 12 are directly connected without including the primary coil 11.

The secondary resonance coil 81 has the same resonance frequency as the primary resonance coil 12 and is designed to have a high Q value. The pair of terminals of the secondary resonance coil 81 are connected to the capacitor 81A. The secondary resonance coil 81 is electromagnetically coupled to the secondary coil 82, and transmits electric power to the secondary coil 82 by electromagnetic induction. The secondary resonance coil 81 transmits the AC power transmitted by the magnetic field resonance from the primary resonance coil 12 of the transmitter 100 to the secondary coil 82 by electromagnetic induction. The secondary resonance coil 81 corresponds to the secondary resonant coil 81 shown in FIG.

The secondary coil 82 has a pair of terminals connected to the rectifier circuit 83, and outputs the electric power received from the secondary resonance coil 81 by electromagnetic induction to the rectifier circuit 83.

The rectifier circuit 83 has four diodes 83A to 83D. The diodes 83A to 83D are connected in a bridge shape, and the electric power input from the secondary coil 82 is full-wave rectified and output.

The smoothing capacitor 84 is connected to the output side of the rectifier circuit 83, smoothes the power rectified by the rectifier circuit 83 in full wave, and outputs it as DC power. Output terminals 86A and 86B are connected to the output side of the smoothing capacitor 84. The power that has been full-wave rectified by the rectifier circuit 83 can be treated as approximately DC power because the negative component of the AC power is inverted to the positive component, but it has been full-wave rectified by using the smoothing capacitor 84. Stable DC power can be obtained even when the power includes ripples.

The DCDC converter 210 has input terminals 210A and 210B connected to output terminals 86A and 86B, and converts the voltage of DC power output from the power receiver 80 into the rated voltage of the battery 220 and outputs the voltage.

The DCDC converter 210 is, for example, a step-down DCDC converter, which steps down the voltage value (input voltage) of the received power supplied via the rectifying circuit 83 to the rated voltage of the battery 220 and supplies the DCDC converter 210 to the battery 220. The step-down DCDC converter is used because the step-down type has a relatively low current value and is smaller than the step-up type and buck-boost type DCDC converters, and is suitable for the power receiver 80 which is required to be compact and lightweight. be.

The battery 220 may be a secondary battery that can be recharged repeatedly, and for example, a lithium ion battery can be used. For example, when the power receiver 80 is built in an electronic device such as a tablet computer or a smartphone, the battery 220 is the main battery of such an electronic device.

The primary side coil 11, the primary side resonance coil 12, the secondary side resonance coil 81, and the secondary side coil 82 are manufactured, for example, by winding a copper wire. However, the material of the primary side coil 11, the primary side resonance coil 12, the secondary side resonance coil 81, and the secondary side coil 82 may be a metal other than copper (for example, gold, aluminum, etc.). Further, the materials of the primary side coil 11, the primary side resonance coil 12, and the secondary side resonance coil 81 may be different.

In such a configuration, the primary side coil 11 and the primary side resonance coil 12 are the power transmission side, and the secondary side resonance coil 81 is the power reception side.

By the magnetic field resonance method, power is transmitted from the transmitting side to the receiving side by utilizing the magnetic field resonance generated between the primary side resonance coil 12 and the secondary side resonance coil 81, so that the power is electromagnetically induced from the transmitting side to the receiving side. It is possible to transmit power over a longer distance than the electromagnetic induction method that transmits.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a metamaterial 120. In FIG. 3, an XYZ coordinate system is defined. The metamaterial 120 has a plurality of resonant coils 121 arranged in a matrix (XY plane). The surface of the metamaterial 120 is parallel to the XY plane in which the plurality of resonant coils 121 are arranged in a matrix. The number of resonance coils 121 is, for example, several tens in the X-axis direction and several tens in the Y-axis direction.

In FIG. 3, in order to show the arrangement of the resonance coils 121, the components other than the resonance coil 121 among the components of the metamaterial 120 are omitted, but the metamaterial 120 includes all the resonance coils in addition to the resonance coil 121. It has a housing for accommodating 121, a control line for controlling switches 121B of all resonance coils 121, and the like.

The resonance coil 121 has a coil portion 121A and a switch 121B. The coil portion 121A is a loop coil, and switches 121B are inserted at both ends. The switch 121B is a switch for switching the connection / disconnection of the loop of the resonance coil 121, and for example, a semiconductor switch such as a FET (Field Effect Transistor) can be used.

When the switch 121B is turned on and both ends of the coil portion 121A are connected, the resonance coil 121 is in the on state (a state in which resonance current can flow), and the switch 121B is turned off and both ends of the coil portion 121A are connected. In the state where the above is cut off, the resonance coil 121 is in the off state (the state in which the resonance current cannot flow). When the resonance coil 121 is on and power is transmitted from the primary coil 11 due to magnetic field resonance, a resonance current flows through the resonance coil 121.

As an example, when the resonance frequency of the magnetic field resonance of the primary side resonance coil 12 and the secondary side resonance coil 81 is 6.78 MHz, the resonance frequency of the resonance coil 121 is slightly lower than the resonance frequency of the magnetic field resonance ( For example, it is set to 6 MHz). That is, when power of 6.78 MHz is transmitted from the primary coil 11 by magnetic field resonance, a current having a frequency slightly higher than the resonance point of 6 MHz flows through the resonance coil 121.

By switching the switch 121B on / off, the resonance coil 121 can be switched on / off. Switching the resonance coil 121 on / off is an example of changing the resonance state.

The resonance coil 121 has a capacitor inserted between both ends of the coil portion 121A in order to adjust the resonance frequency, but this is omitted here.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the frequency characteristics of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120. The horizontal axis represents the frequency, and the vertical axis represents the relative magnetic permeability μ of the metamaterial 120.

The relative magnetic permeability μ of the metamaterial 120 has a maximum value in a frequency band slightly lower than the resonance frequency fr of the resonance coil 121, and has a minimum value in a frequency band slightly higher than the resonance frequency fr. The minimum value of the relative magnetic permeability μ is a negative value, and the frequency at which the minimum value is taken is f1. When the frequency becomes higher than f1, the relative permeability μ is a frequency characteristic that takes a positive value again.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the lens effect of the metamaterial 120. In FIG. 5, the same XYZ coordinate system as in FIG. 3 is used. The positions of the primary resonance coil 12 and the secondary resonant coil 81 in the XY plane coincide with the center of the metamaterial 120.

The resonance coil 121 of the metamaterial 120 has a frequency characteristic set so that the frequency f1 is 6.78 MHz. Since the relative magnetic permeability μ of the metamaterial 120 becomes a minimum value of a negative value at the frequency f1, the metamaterial 120 relays a power of 6.78 MHz between the primary side resonance coil 12 and the secondary side resonance coil 81. Then, the magnetic field is converged by the lens effect.

For example, when all the resonant coils 121 are turned on, the relative permeability μ of the metamaterial 120 becomes uniform in a plane with a negative value. In FIG. 5A, the metamaterial 120 is shown in gray in order to represent a state in which the relative magnetic permeability μ of the metamaterial 120 is uniform.

As shown in FIG. 5A, when the relative magnetic permeability μ of the metamaterial 120 becomes uniform in a plane with a negative value, the magnetic field output from the primary resonance coil 12 is due to the lens effect of the metamaterial 120. When it enters the metamaterial 120 from the left side, it converges near the middle of the thickness of the metamaterial 120 (thickness in the left-right direction in the figure), and when it exits from the right side of the metamaterial 120, it converges again and is secondary. It goes to the side resonance coil 81. Such a lens effect is obtained because the relative magnetic permeability μ of the metamaterial 120 is set to a negative value.

Next, using FIG. 5B, a part of the resonance coil 121 included in the negative side half of the X-axis of the metamaterial 120 is turned off (the other part is turned on), and the X-axis positive direction is used. The case where all the resonance coils 121 included in the side half are turned on will be described.

By turning off a part of the resonance coil 121 included in the half of the metamaterial 120 on the negative side of the X-axis (the other part is on), the half of the metamaterial 120 on the negative side of the X-axis is turned off. Although the relative magnetic permeability μ in the above is a negative value, the absolute value is smaller than that in the case where all the resonance coils 121 included in the metamaterial 120 are turned on.

Further, by turning on all the resonance coils 121 of the half of the metamaterial 120 on the positive direction side of the X axis, the relative magnetic permeability μ in the half portion of the metamaterial 120 on the positive direction side of the X axis becomes the metamaterial 120. As in the case of turning on the included resonance coil 121, it takes a large negative value with an absolute value.

Therefore, the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability μ of the metamaterial 120 becomes a negative value in which the absolute value gradually increases from the negative direction side of the X axis to the positive direction side of the X axis. In FIG. 5B, the portion where the absolute value of the relative permeability μ is small is shown in light gray, and the portion where the absolute value of the relative permeability μ is large is shown in dark gray. Represents the distribution.

For example, as shown in FIG. 5B, when the position of the secondary resonance coil 81 shifts to the positive direction of the X axis with respect to the center of the XY plane of the metamaterial 120, the X of the metamaterial 120 is X. Set the relative permeability μ on the positive axis side to a negative value with a large absolute value.

In this way, when the magnetic field output from the primary side resonance coil 12 is incident on the metamaterial 120 from the left side due to the lens effect of the metamaterial 120, the thickness of the metamaterial 120 is increased while facing the positive direction side of the X axis. It converges near the middle, and when it exits from the right side of the metamaterial 120, it converges again while heading toward the positive direction of the X-axis and heads toward the secondary resonance coil 81.

By adjusting the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability μ in the XY plane of the metamaterial 120 in this way, the direction in which the magnetic field output from the primary resonance coil 12 converges (the direction in which the magnetic flux is induced) is adjusted. Can be done.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a driving state of the resonance coil 121 for providing a distribution in the relative magnetic permeability μ of the metamaterial 120. FIG. 6 shows the same XYZ coordinate system as in FIGS. 3 and 5. Further, in FIG. 6, the resonant coil 121 is indicated by a circle, the resonant coil 121 which is turned on is indicated by a black circle, and the resonant coil 121 which is turned off is indicated by a light gray circle.

As shown in FIG. 6, in the half region on the X positive direction side from the center in the X axis direction, all the resonance coils 121 are turned on, and in the half region on the X axis negative direction side from the center in the X axis direction. , Some resonance coils 121 are turned on (the remaining some resonance coils 121 are turned off). Turning on some of the resonant coils 121 is thinning out the resonant coils 121 to be turned on.

By doing so, the relative magnetic permeability μ of the metamaterial 120 can be given a distribution in the X-axis direction. In FIG. 6, the driving state when the relative magnetic permeability μ of the metamaterial 120 is distributed in the X-axis direction has been described. However, all the resonance coils 121 on the negative X-direction side are turned on, and the positive X-axis side is turned on. If some of the resonance coils 121 are turned on (the remaining some of the resonance coils 121 are turned off), the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability μ in the X-axis direction can be reversed.

Further, if the resonance coil 121 is given a distribution on / off in the Y-axis direction, the relative magnetic permeability μ can be given a distribution in the Y-axis direction. Further, in the XY plane, when it is desired to increase the absolute value of the relative magnetic permeability μ of a specific part, all the resonance coils 121 included in the specific part are turned on, and the resonance coil 121 of the remaining part is turned on. You can turn off some of them.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the primary side resonance coil 12 and the secondary side resonance coil 81 and the power receiving efficiency η of the secondary side resonance coil 81. The positional relationship between the primary resonance coil 12 and the secondary resonance coil 81 is shown in the same XYZ coordinate system as in FIGS. 3, 5 and 6.

7 (A1) and 7 (A2) show the positional relationship and the power receiving efficiency when power is transmitted from the primary resonance coil 12 to the secondary resonance coil 81 without using the metamaterial 120 for comparison. show.

Further, in FIGS. 7 (B1) and 7 (B2), for comparison, the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 is set to a negative constant value, and the primary resonance coil 12 to the secondary resonance coil 81 are shown. The positional relationship and power receiving efficiency when transmitting power to the coil are shown. To set the distribution of the relative permeability of the metamaterial 120 to a constant negative value, for example, all resonant coils 121 may be turned on.

Further, in FIGS. 7 (C1) and 7 (C2), when the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 is set according to the position of the secondary resonance coil 81 with respect to the metamaterial 120, from the primary resonance coil 12 The positional relationship and the power receiving efficiency when power is transmitted to the secondary resonance coil 81 are shown. The relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 is set to a negative value having a larger absolute value as it is closer to the secondary resonance coil 81, and a negative value having a smaller absolute value as it is farther from the secondary resonance coil 81.

Here, as an example, when the center of the surface of the metamaterial 120 and the central axis of the secondary resonance coil 81 do not match in plan view, depending on the position of the secondary resonance coil 81 with respect to the metamaterial 120. The distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 is controlled.

In FIGS. 7 (B1), (B2), (C1), and (C2), the relative magnetic permeability is set to a negative value in order to obtain the lens effect of the metamaterial 120.

In FIGS. 7 (A1), (B1), and (C1), the center of the surface of the metamaterial 120 and the central axis of the secondary resonance coil 81 coincide with each other in a plan view. That is, the central axes of the primary resonance coil 12 and the secondary resonance coil 81 are aligned with each other, and there is no positional deviation of the secondary resonance coil 81 with respect to the metamaterial 120. Further, in FIGS. 7 (A2), (B2), and (C2), the central axis of the secondary resonance coil 81 is displaced in the positive direction of the X axis with respect to the surface of the metamaterial 120 in a plan view.

As shown in FIG. 7 (A1), when the central axes of the primary resonance coil 12 and the secondary resonance coil 81 are aligned with each other without using the metamaterial 120, the secondary resonance coil 81 receives power. The efficiency η is highest on the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12 and decreases as it deviates in the X-axis direction. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7 (A1), when the metamaterial 120 is not used, the secondary side resonance occurs in a state where the central axes of the primary side resonance coil 12 and the secondary side resonance coil 81 are aligned with each other. The power receiving efficiency η of the coil 81 is maximized.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7 (A2), in a state where the secondary resonance coil 81 is displaced in the positive direction of the X axis with respect to the primary resonance coil 12 without using the metamaterial 120, FIG. 7 (A2) Compared with the state shown in A1), the power receiving efficiency η of the secondary resonance coil 81 is lower.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7 (B1), in a state where the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 is uniform and the central axes of the primary side resonance coil 12 and the secondary side resonance coil 81 are aligned with each other. The power receiving efficiency η of the secondary resonance coil 81 is the highest on the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12, and decreases as it deviates in the X-axis direction.

The power receiving efficiency η in this case is higher on the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12 as compared with the case where the metamaterial 120 is not used as shown in FIG. 7 (A1). Further, as the distance from the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12 increases in the X-axis direction, the value becomes lower as shown in FIG. 7 (A1) as compared with the case where the metamaterial 120 is not used. This is because the magnetic flux density increases on the central side of the metamaterial 120 due to the lens effect of the metamaterial 120.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7 (B1), when the metamaterial 120 having a uniform distribution of negative relative permeability is used, the central axes of the primary resonance coil 12 and the secondary resonant coil 81 are aligned with each other. In the state where is the same, the power receiving efficiency η of the secondary resonance coil 81 is maximized.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7 (B2), the secondary resonance coil 81 is X-axis positive with respect to the primary resonance coil 12 by using the metamaterial 120 having a uniform distribution of negative relative permeability. In the state deviated to the directional side, the power receiving efficiency η of the secondary resonance coil 81 is lower than that in the state shown in FIG. 7 (B1).

Further, in FIG. 7 (C1), the central axes of the primary side resonance coil 12 and the secondary side resonance coil 81 coincide with each other. In this state, the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 is uniformly set. Therefore, similarly to the state shown in FIG. 7 (B1), the power receiving efficiency η of the secondary resonance coil 81 is the highest on the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12, and decreases as it deviates in the X-axis direction.

Further, in FIG. 7 (C2), since the secondary resonance coil 81 is displaced in the positive direction of the X axis with respect to the primary resonance coil 12, the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 is changed to the secondary resonance coil. It is controlled according to the position of 81. Here, the portion where the relative permeability value is negative and the absolute value is large is shown in dark gray, and the portion where the relative permeability value is negative and the absolute value is small is shown in light gray.

As shown in FIG. 7 (C2), even if the secondary resonance coil 81 is displaced in the positive direction of the X axis with respect to the primary resonance coil 12, the relative magnetic permeability of the portion close to the secondary resonance coil 81 Since the absolute value of the negative value is increased and the absolute value of the negative value of the relative permeability of the portion distant (far) from the secondary resonance coil 81 is decreased, the magnetic flux is close to that of the secondary resonance coil 81. Can be guided to the part.

Therefore, the power receiving efficiency η of the secondary resonance coil 81 is the highest on the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12, and decreases as it deviates in the X-axis direction.

The relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 is a negative value, and since it is distributed so that the absolute value is the largest at the center of the X-axis and the absolute value becomes smaller toward both ends, the secondary side at the center of the X-axis. The power receiving efficiency η of the resonance coil 81 can be made equivalent to the power receiving efficiency η shown in FIGS. 7 (C1) and 7 (B1).

As shown in FIG. 7 (C2), the absolute value of the negative value of the relative magnetic permeability of the portion near the secondary resonance coil 81 is increased, and the portion away from (far) from the secondary resonance coil 81. In order to reduce the absolute value of the negative value of the relative magnetic permeability of, for example, the resonance coil 121 may be driven as shown in FIG.

In FIG. 6, all the resonance coils 121 are turned on in the half region on the X positive direction side from the center in the X axis direction, and a part in the half region on the X axis negative direction side from the center in the X axis direction. The resonance coil 121 is turned on, but the boundary of the region that divides the on / off of the resonance coil 121 is not limited to the center in the X-axis direction.

The boundary of the region that divides the on / off of the resonance coil 121 may be determined according to the position of the secondary resonance coil 81 with respect to the metamaterial 120. Further, when thinning out the resonance coil 121 to be turned on, the resonance coil 121 may be thinned out step by step. For example, by dividing dozens of resonant coils 121 arranged in the X-axis direction into several groups and gradually increasing the number of thinned out for each group, the distribution of relative magnetic permeability in the X-axis direction gradually changes. You may try to do it.

Further, the group that turns on all the resonance coils 121 is a group that includes the position of the central axis of the secondary side resonance coil 81 in the X-axis direction, and the resonance that is turned on in the group on the X-axis positive direction side of the group. The number of coils 121 may be gradually reduced in the positive direction of the X-axis.

For example, when 30 resonance coils 121 are arranged in the positive direction of the X-axis of the metamaterial 120 and divided into 10 groups of 3 each in the X-axis direction, the central axis of the secondary resonance coil 81. Is included in the position of the seventh group from the negative direction side of the X-axis, the following may be performed. That is, all the resonance coils 121 included in the position of the 7th group from the negative direction side of the X axis are turned on, and the 6th to 1st groups from the negative direction side of the X axis are turned on in this order. The number of resonance coils 121 may be reduced. Similarly, for the 8th to 10th groups from the negative direction side of the X-axis, the number of resonance coils 121 to be turned on may be reduced in this order.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an application example of the transmitter 100 and the receiver 80. Here, a case where the power receiver 80 is attached to the bottom of the vehicle 500 and the transmitter 100 is arranged on the road surface side will be described. Here, only the main components of the transmitter 100 and the receiver 80 are shown.

8 (A1), (A2), and (A3) show a case where the transmitter 100 is arranged on the road surface of the parking space of the parking lot. When the vehicle 500 is parked in the parking space, as shown in FIG. 8 (A2), the central axes of the primary side resonance coil 12 and the secondary side resonance coil 81 may be substantially aligned with each other, or FIG. 8 (A1). ) And (A3), the central axes may shift from each other. When the central axes are displaced from each other, the position detection unit 130 of the transmitter 100 detects the displacement, and the control unit 110 controls the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 according to the displacement, so that it is secondary. The side resonance coil 81 can receive electric power with high power receiving efficiency, and can charge the battery 220.

Further, FIG. 8B shows a case where a plurality of transmitters 100 are arranged along the road surface of the traveling lane of the road. FIG. 8B shows the traveling state of the vehicle 500 in three figures in chronological order from right to left.

When the vehicle 500 travels in the traveling lane, the plurality of transmitters 100 may sequentially control the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 according to the positional deviation of the control unit 110. In this way, the secondary resonance coil 81 of the power receiver 80 mounted on the moving vehicle 500 can receive electric power in order from the plurality of transmitters 100 installed on the road surface. The individual power transmission 100 may control the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 according to the displacement of the secondary resonance coil 81 with respect to the primary resonance coil 12 when the power is transmitted by itself.

As described above, according to the embodiment, when the central axis of the secondary resonance coil 81 deviates from the center of the surface of the metamaterial 120 in a plan view, the magnetic flux is induced in the secondary resonance coil 81. In addition, the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 is controlled according to the position of the secondary resonance coil 81. The center of the surface of the metamaterial 120 coincides with the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12.

Therefore, even if the central axis of the secondary resonance coil 81 deviates from the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12, the metamaterial 120 can be removed from the primary resonance coil 12 by adjusting the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120. Since the magnetic flux supplied therethrough is induced in the secondary resonance coil 81, the power receiving efficiency of the secondary resonance coil 81 can be improved.

Therefore, according to the embodiment, it is possible to provide a power relay device, a power transmitter 100, and a power transmission / reception system with improved transmission efficiency.

In the above, the transmitter 100 includes the metamaterial 120 and the position detection unit 130, and the relative transparency of the metamaterial 120 is increased according to the positional deviation of the central axis of the secondary resonance coil 81 with respect to the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12. The mode of controlling the distribution of magnetic coefficient has been described.

However, the metamaterial 120 and the position detector 130 may be included in the power receiver 80 instead of the transmitter 100. In this case, the metamaterial 120 may be provided on the power receiving side (the side where the primary resonance coil 12 is located) of the secondary resonance coil 81. The position detection unit 130 provided in the power receiver 80 detects the positional deviation of the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12 with respect to the central axis of the secondary resonance coil 81, and the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 is determined according to the positional deviation. By controlling the distribution so that the magnetic flux supplied from the primary resonance coil 12 via the metamaterial 120 is guided to the secondary resonance coil 81, the power receiving efficiency of the secondary resonance coil 81 is improved. be able to.

According to such an embodiment, it is possible to provide a power relay device, a power receiver 80, and a power transmission / reception system on the power receiver 80 side with improved transmission efficiency.

Further, both the transmitter 100 and the receiver 80 may include the metamaterial 120. In this case, on the transmitter 100 side, the position detection unit 130 of the transmitter 100 detects the misalignment of the central axis of the secondary resonance coil 81 with respect to the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12, and the position detection unit 130 of the transmitter 100. The control unit 110 may control the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120. Further, on the power receiver 80 side, the position detection unit 130 of the power receiver 80 detects the positional deviation of the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12 with respect to the central axis of the secondary resonance coil 81, and the control unit 110 of the power receiver 80. May control the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120.

Further, when both the transmitter 100 and the power receiver 80 include the metamaterial 120 in this way, the control unit 110, the metamaterial 120, and the position detection unit 130 are placed between the transmitter 100 and the power receiver 80. A power relay device including the power relay device may be provided. In this case, three metamaterials 120 are arranged between the primary resonance coil 12 of the transmitter 100 and the secondary resonance coil 81 of the receiver 80 so that their surfaces are parallel to each other. become.

In this case, the control of the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 in the transmitter 100 and the receiver 80 is the same as in the case where both the transmitter 100 and the receiver 80 include the metamaterial 120.

Further, in a power relay device provided between the transmitter 100 and the power receiver 80 and including the control unit 110, the metamaterial 120, and the position detection unit 130, for example, the position detection unit 130 is the center of the primary resonance coil 12. The displacement of the central axis of the secondary resonance coil 81 with respect to the axis may be detected to control the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120. Alternatively, the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 may be controlled by detecting the positional deviation of the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12 with respect to the central axis of the secondary resonance coil 81.

Further, in the above, the transmitter 100 includes the position detection unit 130, and is a metamaterial according to the positional deviation of the central axis of the secondary resonance coil 81 with respect to the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12 detected by the position detection unit 130. A mode for controlling the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of 120 has been described.

However, the transmitter 100 may control the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 without including the position detection unit 130. For example, if the positional deviation of the central axis of the secondary resonance coil 81 with respect to the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12 is a fixed value and is known, the on / off of the resonance coil 121 of the metamaterial 120 is preset. Then, the metamaterial 120 can induce the magnetic flux to the secondary resonance coil 81 whose central axis is displaced from the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12. As a result, the power receiving efficiency of the secondary resonance coil 81 can be improved.

Further, in the above, the mode of controlling the resonance state of the resonance coil 121 by switching the resonance coil 121 of the metamaterial 120 on / off has been described. However, instead of the resonance coil 121, the following resonance coil 320 has been described. You may use the metamaterial 120 which arranged the above in a matrix.

9 and 10 are views showing the configuration of the resonance coil 320. As shown in FIG. 9, the resonance coil 320 has a pair of terminals 321A and 321B, and is spirally wound from the terminal 321A to the terminal 321B. The terminals 321A and 321B are located on a straight line R1 passing through the center 322 of the resonance coil 320, and the resonance coil 320 spirals inward five times inward at regular intervals in the radial direction from the terminal 321A toward the terminal 321B. It is being wound.

The resonance coil 320 further has terminals 323A, 323B, 323C, and 323D located on a straight line connecting the terminals 321A and 321B and the center 322. The terminals 323A, 323B, 323C, and 323D are located on the straight line R1 between the terminals 321A and the terminals 321B in this order.

The resonant coil 320 further has a switch 324 and terminals 325A and 325B. The switch 324 has switch units 324A, 324B, 324C, 324D, and 324E. One ends of the switch units 324A, 324B, 324C, 324D, and 324E are connected to terminals 323A, 323B, 323C, 323D, and 321B, respectively, and the other end is connected to the terminal 325B. Further, the terminal 325A is connected to the terminal 321A.

As shown in FIG. 9, when the switch section 324E is closed (on) and the switch section 324A, 324B, 324C, and 324D are opened (off), the resonance coil 320 is a coil of five turns from the terminal 321A to the terminal 321B. become.

As shown in FIG. 10, when the switch section 324C is closed (on) and the switch section 324A, 324B, 324D, 324E is opened (off), the resonance coil 320 is a three-winding coil from the terminal 321A to the terminal 323C. become.

Similarly, when the switch unit 324A is closed (on) and the switch units 324B, 324C, 324D, and 324E are opened (off), the resonance coil 320 becomes a one-turn coil from the terminal 321A to the terminal 323A. When the switch unit 324B is closed (on) and the switch units 324A, 324C, 324D, and 324E are opened (off), the resonance coil 320 becomes a two-volume coil from the terminal 321B to the terminal 323B. Further, when the switch unit 324D is closed (on) and the switch unit 324A, 324B, 324C, and 324E are opened (off), the resonance coil 320 becomes a four-winding coil from the terminal 321D to the terminal 323D.

The number of turns of the resonance coil 320 can be changed by selecting and closing (ON) any one of the switch units 324A, 324B, 324C, 324D, and 324E. The control unit 110 controls the on / off of the switch units 324A, 324B, 324C, 324D, and 324E of the switch 324. Hereinafter, controlling the on / off of the switch units 324A, 324B, 324C, 324D, and 324E is referred to as controlling the on / off of the switch 324.

The output voltage of the resonance coil 320 can be changed by controlling the on / off of the switch 324 by the control unit 110. If the output voltage of the resonance coil 320 changes, the input voltage and load resistance of the DCDC converter 210 change.

The frequency characteristics of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial in which the resonance coils 320 are arranged in a matrix have the same characteristics as the frequency characteristics of the specific magnetic permeability of the metamaterial 120 shown in FIG.

For example, when the number of turns of the resonance coil 320 is set to 3, the resonance frequency of the resonance coil 320 becomes 6 MHz, and the frequency f1 at which the relative magnetic permeability takes a minimum value becomes 6.78 MHz. The minimum value of the relative permeability is a value in which the relative permeability is a negative value and the absolute value is maximized.

In such a case, if the switch 324 is switched to change the number of turns of the resonance coil 320 from 3 turns to 1, 2, 4, or 5 turns, the resonance frequency changes due to the change in the inductance of the resonance coil 320. Therefore, the value of the relative magnetic permeability at 6.78 MHz increases (even if it is a negative value, the absolute value becomes smaller or becomes a positive value). This is an image in which the entire characteristics shown in FIG. 4 are shifted to the low frequency side (left side) or the high frequency side (right side).

By changing the resonance frequency by changing the inductance of the resonance coil 320 in this way, the value of the relative magnetic permeability at 6.78 MHz can be increased from the minimum value at the time of three turns. Therefore, when a magnetic field resonance having a resonance frequency of 6.78 MHz is generated between the primary side resonance coil 12 and the secondary side resonance coil 81, the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial changes, and the magnetic flux induced by the metamaterial is changed. The position can be adjusted. Changing the resonance frequency of the resonance coil 320 as described above is an example of changing the resonance state of the resonance coil 320.

Further, the resonance coil 121 was switched only on / off, but the resonance coil 320 is a meta for the magnetic field resonance of 6.78 MHz by switching from 3 volumes to 1 volume, 2 volumes, 4 volumes, or 5 volumes. The relative magnetic permeability of the material can be finely adjusted. For the characteristic that the minimum value can be obtained at 6.78 MHz, four values larger than the minimum value can be selected at 6.78 MHz.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a driving state of the resonance coil 320 for providing a distribution in the relative magnetic permeability μ of the metamaterial 120A in which the resonance coil 320 is arranged in a matrix. Here, instead of the metamaterial 120 shown in FIG. 2, a metamaterial 120A in which resonance coils 320 are arranged in a matrix is provided in the transmitter 100, and the secondary resonance coil 81 is X-axis with respect to the primary resonance coil 12. A case where the coil is displaced in the positive direction will be described.

In FIG. 11, the resonance coil 320 is indicated by a circle, and the resonance coil 320 whose number of turns is set to 3 is indicated by a black circle. The resonance coil 320 whose number of turns is set to 3 has a minimum value of relative magnetic permeability at 6.78 MHz.

Further, as an example, when the number of turns is changed to 2, 4, 5, and 1, the value of the relative magnetic permeability at 6.78 MHz increases in this order. Here, the gray density of the resonance coil 320 set to the number of turns of 2, 4, 5, and 1 is darkened as the value of the relative magnetic permeability at 6.78 MHz is smaller (the larger the absolute value). , The larger the value of relative magnetic permeability at 6.78 MHz (the smaller the absolute value), the thinner it is shown.

In such a metamaterial 120A, as shown in FIG. 11, the absolute value of the relative magnetic permeability on the most positive direction side in the X-axis direction is set to the largest value (set to the minimum value), and the absolute value is set to the negative direction side in the X-axis direction. The value of the relative magnetic permeability at 6.78 MHz may be gradually increased as it goes.

In this way, the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability in the metamaterial 120A can be set more finely.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a resonance coil 420. The resonance coil 420 can be used for the metamaterial 120A instead of the resonance coil 320.

The resonant coil 420 has a coil portion 421, capacitors 422A, 422B, 422C, 422D, and switches 423A, 423B, 423C, 423D. Capacitors 422A, 422B, 422C, 422D, and switches 423A, 423B, 423C, and 423D are connected in series, respectively.

Capacitor 422A and switch 423A, capacitor 422B and switch 423B, capacitor 422C and switch 423C, capacitor 422D and switch 423D are connected in parallel between both ends of the coil portion 421.

The switches 423A, 423B, 423C, and 423D are switches realized by, for example, FETs, and are switched on / off by the control unit 110. When all the switches 423A, 423B, 423C, and 423D are turned on, capacitors 422A, 422B, 422C, and 422D connected in parallel with each other are inserted in series into the coil portion 421.

Further, when the switches 423A, 423B, and 423C are turned on, capacitors 422A, 422B, and 422C connected in parallel to each other are inserted in series into the coil portion 421. Similarly, when the switches 423A and 423B are turned on, capacitors 422A and 422B connected in parallel with each other are inserted in series into the coil portion 421. Further, if only the switch 423A is turned on, only the capacitor 422A is inserted in series into the coil portion 421. If the switches 423A, 423B, 423C, and 423D are turned on in a combination other than the above, a capacitor connected in series with the turned-on switch is connected to the coil portion 421.

Here, as an example, it is assumed that the capacitances of the capacitors 422A, 422B, 422C, and 422D are equal to each other. By selecting the switch to be turned on from the switches 423A, 423B, 423C, and 423D, the capacitance of the capacitor connected to the coil portion 421 can be adjusted.

For example, when the switches 423A and 423B are turned on, the resonance frequency of the resonance coil 420 becomes 6 MHz, and the frequency f1 at which the relative magnetic permeability takes a minimum value becomes 6.78 MHz. The minimum value of the relative permeability is a value in which the relative permeability is a negative value and the absolute value is maximized.

In such a case, if only the switch 423A is turned on, the switch 423A, 423B, 423C is turned on, or the switches 423A, 423B, 423C, and 423D are all turned on, the metamaterial is used. The relative magnetic permeability at 6.78 MHz can be increased, and the resonance state can be controlled in the same manner as when the resonance coil 320 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is used.

Therefore, even when a metamaterial in which the resonance coils 420 are arranged in a matrix is used, the magnetic flux is applied to the secondary resonance coil 81 whose central axis is displaced from the central axis of the primary resonance coil 12 by the metamaterial 120. Can be induced. As a result, the power receiving efficiency of the secondary resonance coil 81 can be improved.

Although the power relay device, the transmitter, the power receiver, and the power transmission / reception system of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is limited to the specifically disclosed embodiments. Instead, various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of claims.
The following additional notes will be further disclosed with respect to the above embodiments.
(Appendix 1)
A metamaterial that has a plurality of resonance coils arranged in a matrix in a plan view and relays the power between the primary side resonance coil and the secondary side resonance coil that transmit power by magnetic field resonance or electric field resonance.
Power relay including a control unit that controls the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial in a plan view determined by the resonance states of the plurality of resonance coils by controlling the resonance states of the plurality of resonance coils. Device.
(Appendix 2)
Further including a position detection unit for detecting the relative positions of the primary side resonance coil and the secondary side resonance coil in a plan view with respect to the metamaterial.
Among the plurality of resonance coils, the control unit has a negative value for the first relative magnetic permeability in the first region where the resonance coil whose relative position detected by the position detection unit is closer than the predetermined relative position is located. The resonance state of the plurality of resonance coils is such that the relative position detected by the position detection unit is smaller than the second relative magnetic permeability in the second region where the resonance coil is farther than the predetermined relative position. The power relay device according to Appendix 1, which controls the above.
(Appendix 3)
The control unit has the plurality of resonance coils when the relative position detected by the position detection unit indicates that there is a positional deviation between the primary resonance coil and the secondary resonance coil in a plan view. The power relay device according to Appendix 2, which controls the resonance state of the above.
(Appendix 4)
The power relay device according to any one of Supplementary note 1 to 3, wherein the control unit controls the resonance state of the resonance coil in the second region so that the second relative magnetic permeability becomes a negative value.
(Appendix 5)
The resonant coil has a variable circuit that variably controls the inductance or capacitance of the resonant coil.
The control unit variably controls the inductance or capacitance of the variable circuit of each of the plurality of resonance coils so that the first relative magnetic permeability is a negative value and is higher than the second relative magnetic permeability. The power relay device according to any one of Supplementary note 2 to 4, which controls the resonance state of the plurality of resonance coils so as to have a small value.
(Appendix 6)
The power relay device according to Appendix 5, wherein the variable circuit is a variable circuit that variably controls the number of turns of the resonance coil.
(Appendix 7)
The power relay device according to Appendix 5, wherein the variable circuit is a variable circuit that variably controls the number of capacitors inserted in series with the resonance coil.
(Appendix 8)
The resonance coil is a resonance coil having a resonance frequency lower than the resonance frequency of the magnetic field resonance or the electric field resonance, and the specific magnetic permeability obtained by the resonance state at the resonance frequency becomes a negative value.
The control unit turns on the resonance coil in the first region and turns off the resonance coil in the second region, so that the first relative magnetic permeability is a negative value and the second The power relay device according to any one of Appendix 2 to 4, wherein the resonance state of the plurality of resonance coils is controlled so as to have a value smaller than the relative magnetic permeability.
(Appendix 9)
The power relay device according to Appendix 8, wherein the resonance coil is inserted in series with the resonance coil and has a switch for switching on / off.
(Appendix 10)
High frequency power supply and
The primary resonance coil connected to the high frequency power supply and
A metamaterial having a plurality of resonance coils arranged in a matrix in a plan view and relaying power transmitted from the primary resonance coil by magnetic field resonance or electric field resonance to the secondary resonance coil.
A transmitter including a control unit that controls the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial in a plan view determined by the resonance states of the plurality of resonance coils by controlling the resonance states of the plurality of resonance coils. ..
(Appendix 11)
A metamaterial that has a plurality of resonance coils arranged in a matrix in a plan view and relays power transmitted by magnetic field resonance or electric field resonance from a primary resonance coil connected to a high-frequency power supply.
A secondary resonance coil that receives power relayed by the metamaterial, and
A power receiver including a control unit that controls the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial in a plan view determined by the resonance states of the plurality of resonance coils by controlling the resonance states of the plurality of resonance coils. ..
(Appendix 12)
High frequency power supply and
The primary resonance coil connected to the high frequency power supply and
A metamaterial having a plurality of resonance coils arranged in a matrix in a plan view and relaying power transmitted from the primary resonance coil by magnetic field resonance or electric field resonance.
A secondary resonance coil that receives power relayed by the metamaterial, and
Power transmission / reception including a control unit that controls the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial in a plan view determined by the resonance states of the plurality of resonance coils by controlling the resonance states of the plurality of resonance coils. system.

1 AC power supply 11 Primary side coil 12 Primary side resonance coil 13 Matching circuit 14 Capacitor 80 Power receiver 81 Secondary side resonance coil 82 Secondary side coil 83 Rectification circuit 84 Smoothing capacitor 100 Transmitter 110 Control unit 120, 120A Metamaterial 121, 320, 420 Resonant coil 130 Position detector 210 DCDC converter 220 Battery

Claims (8)

A metamaterial that has a plurality of resonance coils arranged in a matrix in a plan view and relays the power between the primary side resonance coil and the secondary side resonance coil that transmit power by magnetic field resonance or electric field resonance.
A control unit that controls the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial in a plan view, which is determined by the resonance states of the plurality of resonance coils, by controlling the resonance states of the plurality of resonance coils .
Wherein with respect to a reference point of the metamaterial, seen including a position detection unit for detecting the relative position in the plan view of the reference point and the reference point of the secondary side resonance coil of the primary side resonance coil,
Based on the relative position detected by the position detection unit, the control unit views the plurality of resonance coils in a plan view from the reference point of the primary resonance coil and the reference point of the secondary resonance coil. The first relative magnetic permeability of the first region where the resonance coil is located at a position shorter than a predetermined distance has a negative value, and among the plurality of resonance coils, the reference point of the primary resonance coil and the reference point of the primary resonance coil are described. The plurality of resonances so that the distance in the plan view of the secondary resonance coil from the reference point is smaller than the second relative magnetic permeability in the second region where the resonance coil located at a position longer than the predetermined distance exists. A power relay device that controls the resonance state of the coil. The control unit has the plurality of resonance coils when the relative position detected by the position detection unit indicates that there is a positional deviation between the primary resonance coil and the secondary resonance coil in a plan view. controlling a resonant state, the power relay apparatus according to claim 1. The power relay device according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the control unit controls the resonance state of the resonance coil in the second region so that the second relative magnetic permeability becomes a negative value. The resonant coil has a variable circuit that variably controls the inductance or capacitance of the resonant coil.
The control unit variably controls the inductance or capacitance of the variable circuit of each of the plurality of resonance coils so that the first relative magnetic permeability is a negative value and is higher than the second relative magnetic permeability. The power relay device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , which controls the resonance state of the plurality of resonance coils so as to have a small value. The resonance coil is a resonance coil having a resonance frequency lower than the resonance frequency of the magnetic field resonance or the electric field resonance, and the specific magnetic permeability obtained by the resonance state at the resonance frequency becomes a negative value.
The control unit turns on the resonance coil in the first region and turns off the resonance coil in the second region, so that the first relative magnetic permeability is a negative value and the second The power relay device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , which controls the resonance state of the plurality of resonance coils so as to have a value smaller than the relative magnetic permeability. High frequency power supply and
The primary resonance coil connected to the high frequency power supply and
A metamaterial having a plurality of resonance coils arranged in a matrix in a plan view and relaying power transmitted from the primary resonance coil by magnetic field resonance or electric field resonance to the secondary resonance coil.
A control unit that controls the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial in a plan view, which is determined by the resonance states of the plurality of resonance coils, by controlling the resonance states of the plurality of resonance coils .
Wherein with respect to a reference point of the metamaterial, seen including a position detection unit for detecting the relative position in the plan view of the reference point and the reference point of the secondary side resonance coil of the primary side resonance coil,
Based on the relative position detected by the position detection unit, the control unit views the plurality of resonance coils in a plan view from the reference point of the primary resonance coil and the reference point of the secondary resonance coil. The first relative magnetic permeability of the first region where the resonance coil is located at a position shorter than a predetermined distance has a negative value, and among the plurality of resonance coils, the reference point of the primary resonance coil and the reference point of the primary resonance coil are described. The plurality of resonances so that the distance in the plan view of the secondary resonance coil from the reference point is smaller than the second relative magnetic permeability in the second region where the resonance coil located at a position longer than the predetermined distance exists. A transmitter that controls the resonance state of the coil. A metamaterial that has a plurality of resonance coils arranged in a matrix in a plan view and relays power transmitted by magnetic field resonance or electric field resonance from a primary resonance coil connected to a high-frequency power supply.
A secondary resonance coil that receives power relayed by the metamaterial, and
A control unit that controls the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial in a plan view, which is determined by the resonance states of the plurality of resonance coils, by controlling the resonance states of the plurality of resonance coils .
Wherein with respect to a reference point of the metamaterial, seen including a position detection unit for detecting the relative position in the plan view of the reference point and the reference point of the secondary side resonance coil of the primary side resonance coil,
Based on the relative position detected by the position detection unit, the control unit views the plurality of resonance coils in a plan view from the reference point of the primary resonance coil and the reference point of the secondary resonance coil. The first relative magnetic permeability of the first region where the resonance coil is located at a position shorter than a predetermined distance has a negative value, and among the plurality of resonance coils, the reference point of the primary resonance coil and the reference point of the primary resonance coil are described. The plurality of resonances so that the distance in the plan view of the secondary resonance coil from the reference point is smaller than the second relative magnetic permeability in the second region where the resonance coil located at a position longer than the predetermined distance exists. A power receiver that controls the resonance state of the coil. High frequency power supply and
The primary resonance coil connected to the high frequency power supply and
A metamaterial having a plurality of resonance coils arranged in a matrix in a plan view and relaying power transmitted from the primary resonance coil by magnetic field resonance or electric field resonance.
A secondary resonance coil that receives power relayed by the metamaterial, and
A control unit that controls the distribution of the relative magnetic permeability of the metamaterial in a plan view, which is determined by the resonance states of the plurality of resonance coils, by controlling the resonance states of the plurality of resonance coils .
Includes a position detection unit that detects the relative position of the reference point of the primary resonance coil and the reference point of the secondary resonance coil in a plan view with respect to the reference point of the metamaterial.
The control unit is in a plan view from the reference point of the primary resonance coil and the reference point of the secondary resonance coil among the plurality of resonance coils based on the relative position detected by the position detection unit. The first specific magnetic permeability of the first region where the resonance coil is located at a position shorter than a predetermined distance has a negative value, and among the plurality of resonance coils, the reference point of the primary resonance coil and the reference point of the primary resonance coil are described. The plurality of resonances so that the distance in the plan view of the secondary resonance coil from the reference point is smaller than the second specific magnetic permeability in the second region where the resonance coil located at a position longer than the predetermined distance exists. A power transmission / reception system that controls the resonance state of the coil.

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