JP6929550B2 - Agricultural mulch material and agricultural film material - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an agricultural mulch material and an agricultural film material, and more particularly to an agricultural mulch material and an agricultural film material capable of effectively draining water from recessed valleys on both sides of a ridge.

Conventionally, in mulch cultivation, a plurality of ridges are formed in a field, and each ridge is covered with a mulch material. Therefore, the field at the recessed (recessed) position between the ridges is covered with the adjacent mulch materials in an overlapping state. For this reason, the fact is that rainwater collects in the recessed valley and it is difficult to drain it.

Such retention of rainwater has a problem of causing a problem of moisture damage. Moisture damage usually becomes a problem that tends to cause disease during growth and becomes apparent. In addition, there is a problem that rainwater wets the crops at the time of harvesting and hinders shipping.

For this reason, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for providing drainage holes on the inclined surfaces on both sides of the ridge. However, Patent Document 1 has a drawback that the water accumulated in the valley of the furrow cannot be drained.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 61-108310

Therefore, the present invention is an agricultural mulch material that can effectively drain the water accumulated in the recessed valleys of the furrows, prevent the growth of weeds in the recessed valleys of the furrows, and prevent the occurrence of diseases. And to provide agricultural film materials.
Furthermore, other problems of the present invention will be clarified by the following description.

The above problems are solved by the following inventions.

(Claim 1)
A vegetation region exists on the upper surface portion that covers the raised upper surface portion of the plurality of ridges formed in the field and the recessed valley portion formed between the adjacent ridges, and a plurality of vegetation regions are present in the longitudinal direction of the vegetation region. In the area covering at least the recessed valley of the long agricultural mulch material in which the vegetation holes are formed at predetermined intervals.
It has a group of water passages consisting of a group of a plurality of linear slits arranged radially at a distance from the center, and a non-water passage region in which the slits are not arranged is located in the center of the water passages. Formed ,
Agricultural mulch material characterized in that a group of water passage portions is formed for each predetermined number of vegetation holes.
(Claim 2)
One long agricultural mulch material consists of two to four ridges on the raised upper surface, a recessed valley between the ridges, and a recessed valley formed on both outermost sides of the ridge. The agricultural mulch material according to claim 1, wherein the parts and parts can be covered.
(Claim 3)
The slit group is characterized in that five to eight slits are arranged radially, and a region defined by a virtual line connecting the inner end portions of the slits forms the central portion. Or the agricultural mulch material according to 2.
(Claim 4)
The agricultural mulch material according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the length L of the slit is 3 mm to 15 mm.
(Claim 5)
The agricultural mulch material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the diameter of the non-water passage region formed in the central portion of the water passage portion is 3 mm to 10 mm.
(Claim 6)
The agricultural mulch material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the slit is formed by laser processing.

According to the present invention, it is possible to effectively drain the water accumulated in the recessed valleys of the furrows, prevent the growth of weeds in the recessed valleys of the furrows, and prevent the occurrence of diseases. Can be provided.
Further, according to the present invention, a long shape that can be laid and used in a recessed valley formed between a plurality of ridges or a valley that requires drainage or weed prevention. Agricultural film materials can be provided.

A diagram showing a state in which the upper surface of a plurality of ridges formed in a field and the recessed valleys on both sides are covered with a plurality of long agricultural mulch materials. Partial vertical cross-sectional end view of FIG. Top view showing an example of one long agricultural mulch material (A) is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement direction of the water passage portions in the group of the water passage portions, and (b) is a diagram showing another example of the above. Enlarged view showing an example of the water passage part of the agricultural mulch material shown in FIG. Enlarged view showing another example of the water passage part of the agricultural mulch material shown in FIG. The figure explaining the state which water W is draining from a slit

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

As the agricultural mulch material of the present invention, a film, a non-woven fabric, or the like can be used, but a film is preferable. The following description refers to film.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a state in which the upper surface portion of a plurality of ridges formed in a field and the recessed valley portions on both sides of the upper surface portion of the ridge are covered with a plurality of long agricultural mulch materials. Yes, FIG. 1 shows a state in which seven ridges are covered for convenience. FIG. 2 is a partial vertical cross-sectional end view of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an example of a long-shaped agricultural mulch material.

FIG. 1 shows a state in which a plurality of ridges 10 are formed in a field, and the upper surface portion and the recessed valley portion 11 of the plurality of ridges 10 are covered with the agricultural mulch material 1.
Further, in the above aspect, seven ridges are shown, and one agricultural mulch material 1 is used for the two ridges 10 and 10.
In that case, the adjacent agricultural mulch materials 1 overlap each other at the recessed valley portion 11. In the figure, 100 indicates an overlapping portion.
In the present invention, it has been experimentally confirmed that even if the overlapping portions 100 overlap, the drainage from the recessed valley portion 11 is extremely good.

As shown in the figure, soil covering 12b for preventing the agricultural mulch material 1 from rolling up due to wind or the like is placed discontinuously on the agricultural mulch material 1 located in the recessed valley portion 11. Is preferable.

As shown in FIG. 2, for example, there are three recessed valleys 11 between the four ridges 10. Of the four ridges 10, there is also one recessed valley 11 on the left side of the leftmost ridge 10 (not shown), and of the four ridges 10, the rightmost ridge 10 There is also one recessed valley 11 on the right side (not shown). Therefore, there are a total of five recessed valleys 11 between the four ridges 10 and on both sides.

In this embodiment, an example in which two ridges are covered with one long multi-film will be described.

The four ridges 10 are represented as symbols 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d, respectively, from the left. Since the recessed valleys are formed between the furrows, the recessed valleys 11 are represented as symbols 11a, 11b, and 11c from the left, respectively.

When two ridges are covered with one long mulch film, the film has a vegetation region 12 of a cultivated plant P at the center of the agricultural mulch material 1 in the width direction L as shown in FIG. exist. In the vegetation region 12, a plurality of vegetation holes 12a for vegetating the cultivated plant P are formed at predetermined intervals along the length direction (vertical direction in FIG. 3) of the agricultural mulch material 1.

The cultivated plants P may be formed in one row in the longitudinal direction, or may be formed in two or three rows.

Here, the vegetation hole 12a that opens in a circular shape is illustrated, but it may be composed of slits having a − shape, a × shape, or the like. Further, since the vegetation hole 12a can be formed at the time of laying the film, it does not have to be formed at the time of film production.

A plurality of water passage portions 13 are formed in a region covering at least the recessed valley portion 11 of the elongated agricultural mulch material 1. Since the region covering the recessed valley portion 11 is determined by the shape of the ridge, it is preferable to specify the region covering the recessed valley portion 11 after specifying the shape of the ridge.

The water passage portion 13 is composed of a group of slits composed of a plurality of linear slits arranged radially at a distance from the center. The reason why they are arranged radially at a distance from the center is to prevent them from being connected to each other at the center of radiation.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment in which the water passage portion 13 is formed by a group 13a of six water passage portions.

As shown in FIG. 3, it is preferable to provide groups 13a of water passage portions at a predetermined number of vegetation holes 12a. In the illustrated example, an example in which one group 13a of the water passage portion is provided for two numbers of the vegetation holes 12a is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this.
Further, a predetermined interval may or may not be formed between each of the groups 13a of the six water passage portions. Further, the number of the water passage portions 13 in the water passage portion group 13a is not limited to the illustrated example.

For example, as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), it may be a group 13a of eight water passage portions 13 arranged in two vertical rows and four horizontal rows (FIG. 4 (a)). It may be a group 13a of eight water passage portions 13 arranged in four vertical rows and two horizontal rows (FIG. 4 (b)).

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the water passage portion 13.

The water passage portion 13 is composed of a slit group composed of five slits 14. The five slits 14 are arranged radially at equal angles so that virtual straight lines connecting the outer end portions 16 of the slits 14 form a regular pentagon.

Since each slit 14 is arranged at a distance from the center of radiation, when each of the inner end portions 15 of the slit 14 is connected by a virtual line 17, the region defined by the virtual line is the central portion of the slit group. Do 18.

In the example of FIG. 5, the virtual line 17 is indicated by a chain double-dashed line. In the example of FIG. 5, the virtual line 17 is shown as a circle, but may have a polygonal shape.

The region defined by the virtual line 17 is a central portion 18 in which the slit 14 is not arranged, and forms a non-water flow region 19. The non-water flow region 19 may be circular or polygonal with a predetermined diameter.

The diameter of the non-water flow region 19 is preferably 3 mm to 10 mm. If it is smaller than 3 mm, the slit 14 is cut during use and it becomes easy to connect at the center. On the other hand, if it is larger than 10 mm, the non-water flow region 19 becomes too large, and it becomes difficult for the water (water droplets) W adhering to or moving to the non-water flow region 19 to come into contact with any of the slits 14.

In the present invention, the diameter of the non-water flow region 19 is more preferably 4 mm to 8 mm, further preferably 5 mm to 7 mm.
If the shape of the non-water flow region 19 is not circular, the size of the non-water flow region 19 is expressed by the diameter converted into a circle.

In the water passage portion 13, the number of slits 14 constituting the slit group is preferably 5 to 8. Within this range, the distance between the adjacent slits 14 becomes short, so that the contact rate with the water (water droplet) W becomes high, and the water drainage efficiency can be improved, which is preferable. It is preferable that the risk of reducing the strength can be eliminated, high water flow efficiency can be ensured, and the strength can be maintained.

FIG. 5 shows an example in which five slits 14 are formed, and FIG. 6 shows an example in which six slits 14 are formed.

In the example of FIG. 5, the five slits 14 are arranged radially at equal angles so that virtual straight lines connecting the outer end portions 16 of the slits 14 form a regular pentagon. In the example of FIG. 6, the six slits 14 are arranged radially at equal angles so that the virtual straight lines connecting the outer end portions 16 of the six slits 14 form a regular hexagon.

Although not shown, the seven slits may be arranged radially at equal angles so that the virtual straight lines connecting the outer ends of the seven slits form a regular heptagon, and the eight slits may be arranged radially. The virtual straight lines connecting the outer ends thereof may be arranged radially at equal angles so as to form a regular octagon.

The length L of the slit 14 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is preferably 2 mm to 15 mm. If it is shorter than this, the slits will be point-shaped, and it will be difficult for the water passage portion 13 to come into contact with the water (water droplets) W.

On the other hand, if it is longer than this, fluttering due to wind or the like is generated at the time of use, and the mouth is likely to open. It is more preferably 4 mm to 14 mm, and even more preferably 5 mm to 10 mm.

It is preferable that the slit 14 is formed by a straight line connecting the inner end portion 15 and the outer end portion 16, respectively, and the lengths of the slits 14 are the same.

Further, the slits constituting the water passage portion 13 may or may not have a width (thickness). When the slit has a width, the width is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 mm to 0.8 mm, more preferably 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm, for example.

The total opening area of all the slits in the water passing portion 13 when the slit has a width (also referred to simply as opening area) is not particularly limited, for example, preferably to ^{2mm 2 ~80mm 2,} and 5mm ² ~50mm 2 It is more preferable to do so.

In the present invention, the slit 14 is preferably formed by laser processing. According to the laser processing, thermally contracted bulging portions are formed at both ends of the slit 14, and the presence of the bulging portions can prevent the slit 14 from being torn on both sides.

The resin of the agricultural mulch material used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyolefin-based resins and biodegradable resins.

Examples of the polyolefin-based resin include low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and metallocene-catalyzed linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE: linear carbon number in the range of 2 to 8).

Various colorants (coloring pigments such as black, green, and white), various stabilizers, and the like may be added to the agricultural mulch material using the polyolefin resin. Further, as well as a single layer, a multilayer film (such as a two-layer film composed of a white layer and a black layer) or a color scheme film having different colors in the film width direction (for example, green, black, green in the width direction) may be used.

When the agricultural mulch material is composed of a biodegradable resin, examples of the biodegradable resin include a composite of a polysaccharide such as an aliphatic polyester, an aliphatic polyester amide, or starch and a plastic.

As aliphatic polyesters, polylactic acid, poly (α-hydroxycarboxylic acid) such as polyglycolide and polylactide, poly-ε-caprolactone, poly-β-propiolactone, poly-3-hydroxypropionate, poly- 3-Hydroxybutyrate, poly-3-hydroxycaprolate, poly-3-hydroxyheptanoate, poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate and their poly-3-hydroxyvariate and poly-4-hydroxybutyrate. Polyhydroxyalkanoate, polyethylene oxalate, polyethylene succinate, polybutylene succinate, polybutylene adipate, polybutylene sebacate, polyhexamethylene sebacate, polyneopentyl oxalate and co-polymers thereof. Examples thereof include a condensate of glycol and dicarboxylic acid such as a polymer (including a diisocyanate compound having a chain-extended urethane condensation), polyester carbonate and the like.

Specific examples of the aliphatic polyester amide include a copolymer of poly-ε-caprolactone and an aliphatic polyamide such as nylon 6.

Specific examples of the complex of a polysaccharide such as starch and a plastic include a complex of starch and polyvinyl alcohol, a complex of starch and an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, and a composite of starch and an aliphatic polyester such as polycaprolactone. Examples thereof include a composite and a composite of starch and polyethylene imparted with degradability.

Next, based on FIG. 7, the action and effect of the agricultural mulch material having the water passage portion 13 will be described.

When it rains, the rainwater moves to the recessed valley 11. When the rainwater moves on the slit of the water passage portion 13 in the recessed valley portion 11, the moving water or water droplet W moves at an arbitrary position of any of the slits 14 arranged radially, as shown in FIG. Decelerates the movement speed with. The decelerated water (water droplet) W permeates into the soil along the length direction of the slit 14 by the capillary action.

Since the central portion of the water passage portion 13 is a non-water passage region 19 without the slit 14, water does not collect in the central portion of the water passage portion 13 along the slit 14, and is radially or along the slit 14. It spreads like a band.

Therefore, according to this agricultural mulch material F, unlike the conventional water passage portion made of round holes, it does not only permeate in a spot shape along the opening of the round hole, but slits moisture. It can be infiltrated radially or in a band along 14 and the drainage is very good.

Moreover, since the water passage portion 13 is composed of a collection of a plurality of linear slits 14, the drainage efficiency can be improved, and even if the diameter is made larger than that of the conventional water passage portion made of round holes, the moisture content can be increased. There is no risk of evaporation or weed growth. As is clear from the examples described later, when only the water passage time of the water passage portion 13 is examined, when the water passage portion 13 has a round hole shape, the total hole area of the water passage portion 13 composed of the set of slits 14 is obtained. Since it has about 10 times the area, the water flow time is about 1/6. However, when the agricultural mulch material F having the water passage portion 13 actually provided in the recessed valley portion 11 is pulled into a ridge and covered with soil in the recessed valley portion 11, the area difference is about 10 times. , The water flow time did not change much. Although the cause is not clear, in the case of a round hole having a larger area than the hole composed of a set of slits 14, it is presumed that fine particles contained in sand enter the hole and hinder water flow. That is, the hole formed by the aggregate of the slits 14 of the present embodiment does not allow the fine particles contained in the sand to enter the slit 14 itself and does not hinder the water flow, so that the area difference is about 10 times. It is estimated that the water flow time did not change much.

The water passage portion 13 composed of the set of slits 14 of the present embodiment has an area to be processed with respect to the agricultural multi-material F as compared with a hole having a hole area about 10 times the area of the water passage portion 13. The amount of water is reduced, so that the durability of the agricultural multi-material F can be improved, and there is an effect that water can be passed in the same time.

Conventionally, a slit has many round holes because it is easily cut and torn by itself and is not preferable. This is because the round holes were hard to tear and easy to process. However, it was found that the round hole has a drawback that weeds grow, and drainage does not improve in places such as both sides of the ridge.

It was possible to provide a mulch material capable of forming a unique slit group, which is not a mere slit of the present invention, and can achieve high water flow efficiency, weed prevention, and maintenance of strength.

Next, the agricultural film material of the present invention is a long agricultural film material capable of covering a recessed valley formed between a plurality of ridges, and requires drainage or prevents weeds. It is a material that is laid and used in valleys as needed. It is preferable to lay it in a recessed valley between furrows in mulch cultivation.
The material has the above-mentioned water passage portion 13, and is characterized in that a non-water passage region in which the slit is not arranged is formed in the central portion of the water passage portion 13.
Such an agricultural film material is formed in a long shape having a width of, for example, 30 cm to 50 cm, covers a valley portion, and exerts an effect of enabling weed prevention and drainage.

Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be illustrated by examples.

1. 1. Preparation of test piece for agricultural mulch material Test piece 1
A 50 cm × 50 cm film piece was cut out using a KO black-and-white double-layer film (trade name “KO black-and-white double multi” (registered trademark)) manufactured by Mikado Chemical M.K.

_{Using a CO 2} gas laser device (output: 30 W), a water passage portion (see FIG. 2) consisting of straight slits arranged radially in a regular pentagon shape is formed in the center of the film piece, and the test piece 1 And said.
Six slit groups were formed on the film piece. The total area of the six holes was ^{49.8 mm 2.}

Comparative test piece 1
Three round holes were formed in the center of the film piece obtained in the test piece 1 _{using a CO 2} gas laser device (output: 30 W) to obtain a comparative test piece 1.

The total area of the three holes was ^{530 mm 2.} The diameter of one round hole was 15 mm, and several round holes were arranged in a straight line with a distance between the cores of 25 mm.

Comparative test piece 2
Four round holes were formed in the center of the film piece obtained in the test piece 1 _{using a CO 2} gas laser device (output: 30 W) to obtain a comparative test piece 2.

The total area of the two holes was ^{56.5 mm 2.} The diameter of one round hole was 6 mm, and several round holes were arranged in a straight line with a distance between the cores of 40 mm.

2. Water flow test (1) Water flow test 1
A cylindrical body with upper and lower openings was prepared, the above test piece was stretched on the upper surface of the cylindrical body, and the test piece was fixed with a rubber band.
The shape of the cylindrical body was 60 mm in inner diameter, 80 mm in outer diameter, and 120 mm in height.
Water flow time was measured by passing 500 cc of water from above the test piece. The same test was performed three times to determine the average water flow time. The results are shown in Table 1.

(2) Water flow test 2

This is a water flow test assuming an actual field. The test piece was embedded in a sandy area assuming a field with the fixed side of the cylindrical test piece facing down. Nothing is filled inside the cylinder.
500 cc of water was put inside the cylinder, the water absorption effect from the saturated state was confirmed, and the results are shown in Table 1.

(3) Water flow test 3

In the water flow test 2, 100 cc of sand was put inside the cylinder, and the water absorption effect from the saturated state was confirmed in the same manner except that the water was replaced with 100 cc, and the results are shown in Table 1.

<Evaluation>
From Table 1, although the total hole area of the test piece 1 according to the present embodiment is the smallest, the total holes are about 10 times larger when embedded in sand, embedded in sand, and further covered with sand. The water flow time was comparable to that of the comparative test piece 1 having an area. From this, it can be seen that the processed area of the film can be reduced and drainage can be effectively performed.

1: Agricultural mulch material 10: Ridge 11: Depressed valley 12: Vegetation area 12a: Vegetation hole 12b: Soil cover 13: Water passage 13a: Water passage group 14: Slit 15: Inner end 16: Outer end Part 17: Virtual line 18: Central 19: Non-water flow area P: Cultivated plants

Claims (6)

A vegetation region exists on the upper surface portion that covers the raised upper surface portion of the plurality of ridges formed in the field and the recessed valley portion formed between the adjacent ridges, and a plurality of vegetation regions are present in the longitudinal direction of the vegetation region. In the area covering at least the recessed valley of the long agricultural mulch material in which the vegetation holes are formed at predetermined intervals.
It has a group of water passages consisting of a group of a plurality of linear slits arranged radially at a distance from the center, and a non-water passage region in which the slits are not arranged is located in the center of the water passages. Formed ,
Agricultural mulch material characterized in that a group of water passage portions is formed for each predetermined number of vegetation holes. One long agricultural mulch material consists of two to four ridges on the raised upper surface, a recessed valley between the ridges, and a recessed valley formed on both outermost sides of the ridge. The agricultural mulch material according to claim 1, wherein the parts and parts can be covered. The slit group is characterized in that five to eight slits are arranged radially, and a region defined by a virtual line connecting the inner end portions of the slits forms the central portion. Or the agricultural mulch material according to 2. The agricultural mulch material according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the length L of the slit is 3 mm to 15 mm. The agricultural mulch material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the diameter of the non-water passage region formed in the central portion of the water passage portion is 3 mm to 10 mm. The agricultural mulch material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the slit is formed by laser processing.

Images