JP6920069B2 - How to increase the milk yield and milk fat content of ruminant livestock - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for increasing the milk yield and milk fat content of ruminant livestock. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for activating nitrogen metabolism in ruminant livestock by oral administration or feeding components, a method for simultaneously increasing milk yield and milk fat content in the milk, and the like.

In ruminant livestock such as cows, sheep, and goats, where milk and meat are commercial products, dairy farmers and livestock farmers are responsible for the deterioration of milk yield and quality, weight loss, etc. due to poor physical condition or illness of the breeding individuals. It becomes a serious and direct management problem for the farmers.

In particular, in ruminant livestock (dairy cows, etc.) for which milk or processed dairy products are commercial products, a decrease in milk yield and milk quality (milk fat content, lactose content, etc.) becomes a big problem. For example, in dairy cows, heat stress in summer reduces milk fat and has a great influence on milk production, so development of a feeding technique for preventing low milk fat is desired in the industry. .. Therefore, a technique for increasing milk yield using maltose, sucrose, starch, rumen bypass amino acid, trehalose, etc. (Patent Documents 1 to 4), and a technique for increasing milk fat content by feeding a mixture of fatty acid calcium and sodium acetate or cottonseed oil (non-patent). Document 1) has been proposed, and some techniques for increasing both milk yield and milk fat content have been proposed.

However, it is reported in Non-Patent Document 1 that the effect of increasing milk yield was not obtained, and further, addition of cottonseed meal, fatty acid calcium, etc. to feed may adversely affect fermentation in the rumen. Therefore, it is known that it is difficult to use it in terms of breeding technology. Further, the techniques of Patent Documents 1 to 3 also have a problem that they are difficult to use. At dairy production sites, if measures are taken to increase the amount of milk, the proportion and concentration of milk components such as milk fat usually decrease (dilute), and the milk proposed so far has been proposed. The actual effect of the technique for increasing both the amount and the milk fat content is extremely poor, and it is very difficult to develop a feeding technique for simultaneously increasing the milk yield and the milk fat content of dairy cows and the like.

In such background technology, in the industry, the development of new feeding technology, feed components, etc. that can simultaneously increase the milk yield and milk fat content of ruminant livestock, and further relevance to the milk production of ruminant livestock. There has been a strong desire to develop breeding techniques, feed components, etc. that can also activate nitrogen metabolism, which is said to be present.

On the other hand, vitamin K3 (menadione) is a synthetic product and its use in humans is prohibited, but its use for livestock is permitted, and it is added to milk replacer as a feed additive for calves. ing. However, it is known that vitamin Ks are synthesized by rumen bacteria in the rumen, and vitamin Ks are used as feed additives for parent cows with developed rumen, especially lactating cows. Not.

From this, little is known about the physiological effects of oral administration or feeding of vitamin K to lactating cows, etc., and the milk yield, milk fat content, etc. by oral administration or feeding of vitamin K3 to ruminant livestock, etc. No literature has been found so far that describes or suggests the effects of.

In addition, acetic acid is a major volatile fatty acid (VFA) produced by rumen bacteria in ruminants, and is an important energy source comparable to glucose in ruminants. Regarding this acetic acid, along with enhancing saliva secretion of ruminant livestock (Non-Patent Document 2), it activates carbonic anhydrase of rumen mucosa to promote absorption of VFA from rumen (Non-Patent Document 3). Has been reported.

However, as with vitamin K3, no literature has been found so far that describes or suggests the effects of oral administration or feeding of acetic acid on ruminant livestock on milk yield, milk fat content, and the like.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-192093 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-237701 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-08940 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-319156

West Japan Livestock Society Bulletin 34, 55-58 (1991) Tohoku J. Agri. Res. , 23: 72-78. (1972) J. Com. Physiol. , B. 172: 379-375. (2001)

The present invention is a nutritional physiological technique (oral administration) capable of activating the nitrogen metabolism of ruminant livestock and simultaneously increasing the milk yield and the milk fat content in the milk to improve both milk quality and milk production. Or, it was made for the purpose of providing salary ingredients, methods, etc.).

In order to achieve the above object, as a result of diligent research, the present inventors have orally administered or fed vitamin K3 (menadione) or acetic acid and / or acetate and vitamin K3 (menadione) as an active ingredient to livestock. By doing so, it has been found that the nitrogen metabolism of reed livestock can be activated and / or the milk yield and the milk fat content in the milk can be increased at the same time, and the milk quality and milk production can be improved easily and effectively. The invention was completed.

That is, the embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
(1) A feed composition for increasing the milk yield and milk fat content of ruminant livestock containing vitamin K3 (menadione) as an active ingredient (milk yield and milk fat content increasing agent for ruminant livestock).
(2) Feed composition for increasing milk yield and milk fat content of rebellious livestock containing acetic acid and / or acetate and vitamin K3 (menadion) as active ingredients (particularly, these active ingredients are orally administered or fed at the same time. Feed composition, milk yield and milk fat content increasing agent for rutted livestock).
(3) A feed composition for activating nitrogen metabolism in ruminant livestock containing acetic acid and / or acetate and vitamin K3 (menadione) as active ingredients (particularly, these active ingredients are contained so as to be orally administered or fed at the same time. Feed composition, ruminant livestock nitrogen metabolism activator).
(4) The feed composition according to (2) or (3), wherein the acetate salt is sodium acetate and / or calcium acetate.
(5) The feed composition according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the ruminant livestock is at least one selected from cattle, sheep, and goats.
(6) A method for increasing the milk yield and milk fat content of ruminant livestock, which comprises orally administering or feeding vitamin K3 (menadione) to ruminant livestock.
(7) A method for increasing the milk yield and milk fat content of ruminant livestock, which comprises orally administering or feeding acetic acid and / or acetate and vitamin K3 (menadione) to ruminant livestock.
(8) A method for activating nitrogen metabolism in ruminant livestock, which comprises orally administering or feeding acetic acid and / or acetate and vitamin K3 (menadione) to ruminant livestock.
(9) Acetic acid and / or acetate as acetic acid per day (in terms of acetic acid amount) is orally administered or fed at 30 to 300 g / head, preferably 60 to 180 g / head, (7) or (8). ).
(10) The method according to any one of (7) to (9), wherein the acetate salt is sodium acetate and / or calcium acetate.
(11) Vitamin K3 (menadione) is orally administered or fed at 10 to 200 mg / head, preferably 10 to 100 mg / head, more preferably 10 to 50 mg / head per day, (6) to (10). ). The method according to any one of.
(12) The method according to any one of (6) to (11), wherein the ruminant livestock is at least one selected from cattle, sheep and goats.

According to the present invention, it is possible to activate the nitrogen metabolism of ruminant livestock and / or simultaneously increase the milk yield thereof and the milk fat content in the milk to improve milk quality and milk production easily and effectively. can. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the milk productivity or milk productivity of stable ruminant livestock, and to stabilize the dairy farming business.

In the examples, ammonia nitrogen in rumen (0 hours before feeding, 2 hours after feeding, and 5 hours after feeding), blood urea nitrogen concentration (BUN: 0 hours before feeding, and 5 hours after feeding). , It is a graph which shows the behavior of the urea nitrogen concentration in milk (MUN: 5 hours after feeding).

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

In the present invention, acetic acid and / or acetate and vitamin K3 (menadione) are used as active ingredients for increasing the milk yield and milk fat content of ruminant livestock and activating nitrogen metabolism.

As for acetic acid and acetate, commercially available pure dried products and the like can be used, and examples of the acetate include sodium acetate, calcium acetate, potassium acetate and ammonium acetate. In the present invention, it is very preferable to use one or more of these selected from acetic acid, sodium acetate and calcium acetate.

As for vitamin K3 (menadione), which is a synthetic vitamin, not only a pure dried product can be used, but also a crude product thereof (paste, diluted product, emulsion, suspension, etc.) can be used. .. In addition, those formulated by adding excipients such as starch and dextrin to granules or tablets can also be used. Further, those coated with oil or fat so as not to be decomposed by lumens can also be used.

Then, this vitamin K3 (menadione) is used as an active ingredient, or acetic acid and / or acetate and vitamin K3 (menadione) are used in combination as an active ingredient, and feed additives, feeds, feed compositions, veterinary drugs, and others are used as they are. It can be used as an agent. It is also possible to add and mix commonly used feed ingredients to provide feed additives, feeds and feed compositions, and further, it is possible to provide them as veterinary pharmaceutical preparations containing these as active ingredients. can. In this case, it may be formulated according to the conventional method of veterinary pharmaceutical preparation, and an active ingredient having other physiological functions may be used in combination. Even when it is used as a feed additive, other nutritional components (proteins, lipids, minerals (potassium, sodium, magnesium, etc.), vitamins other than vitamin K3 (vitamin A, vitamin E, etc.)) and the like can be used in combination.

The active ingredient is orally administered in various forms. Examples of the administration form include oral administration with tablets, capsules, granules, powders, syrups and the like. These various preparations are used in the field of formulation technology such as excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, flavoring agents, solubilizing agents, suspending agents, coating agents and other veterinary pharmaceutical agents according to the conventional method. It can be formulated with a known auxiliary agent that can be commonly used. It is also possible to use vitamin K3 (menadione) as it is, or a mixture of acetic acid and / or acetate and vitamin K3 (menadione) as it is as a preparation.

The product formulated in this way can be used not only as a veterinary drug, but also as a feed composition, and can be directly fed to livestock as a feed itself. It can also be added to other feed raw materials as a feed additive and mixed and used.

The animal to be the subject of the present invention is a ruminant livestock during the lactation period (usually up to about 12 months after calving) when the milk and / or processed milk product is edible. For example, dairy cows (particularly Holstein, Jersey, etc.), sheep, goats, etc. are exemplified as more suitable target animals. However, buffalo, camels, yaks, etc. may be targeted.

As for the oral administration or feeding amount of acetic acid and / or acetate and vitamin K3 (menadion) to repetitive livestock, for example, in the case of dairy cows, acetic acid and / or acetate is given daily by oral administration or feeding of the head. It is preferable to add 0.5 to 5.0 mol (30 to 300 g in terms of acetic acid amount), preferably 1.0 to 3.0 mol (60 to 180 g in terms of acetic acid amount) per dry matter, and vitamin K3 is added. It is preferable to add 10 to 200 mg, preferably 10 to 100 mg, more preferably 10 to 50 mg, for example, about 10 to 25 mg. Then, it is preferable that this amount of oral administration or feeding is divided into about twice a day. When the amount of oral administration or feeding of the active ingredient is larger than the above range, there is no particular problem in terms of safety and its effect, but it is preferable to be within the above range from the viewpoint of cost. Further, if it is less than the above range, the effect of the present invention may not be sufficiently exhibited, which is not preferable.
For other ruminant livestock, oral administration or salary may be set in consideration of their body weight, etc., but oral administration or salary other than the above, including dairy cows, is not completely excluded.

The present invention shows the effectiveness of the combined use of vitamin K3 (menadione) or acetic acid and / or acetate and vitamin K3 (menadione) (simultaneous increase in milk yield and milk fat content and activation of nitrogen metabolism) at an actual production site. It is a very practical one that has been directly confirmed using the living body of the slaughtered livestock in Japan, and in particular, has been scientifically proven to have the effect of simultaneously increasing the milk yield and milk fat content of dairy cows, etc., which have been considered to be extremely difficult. It can be said that there is.

In the present invention, "increasing the milk fat content" and "increasing the amount of milk fat" mean that the total fat content (total amount) in the milk increases, and the ratio of a specific fatty acid in the milk fat increases. The meaning is different from that (the total amount does not change).

Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to these examples, and various modifications thereof are possible within the technical idea of the present invention.

Seven Holstein lactating cows (average milk yield 28 kg, average postpartum days 217.1 days, average calving order 2) were tested and tested. During the feeding test period, conventional feed mainly composed of corn silage and dairy cow mixed feed was fed twice a day for free feeding and free drinking. Sodium acetate; 125 g and commercially available vitamin K3; 1 g (1% conversion = 10 mg) were simultaneously added to the diet of the treatment group for each morning and evening feed, and no control group was added. A two-term reversal test was performed with 14 days of the 11-day preliminary test and the 3-day test as one period.

First, in the feeding test, the rumen fermentation in the control group and the treatment group was compared. The results are shown in Table 1 below. When the total VFA concentration in the lumen and the VFA composition were compared 0 hours before feeding and 5 hours after feeding, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. However, the ammonia nitrogen concentration showed a significantly low value in the treated group 5 hours after feeding (P <0.05).

Next, the results of changes in the concentration of blood metabolites are shown in Table 2 below. The blood free fatty acid (NEFA), glucose and triglyceride concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups, but the blood urea nitrogen concentration was significantly lower in the treated group (P <0.05). ).

Furthermore, the results of changes in dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk components are shown in Table 3 below. There was no difference in dry matter intake between the two plots, but milk yield was significantly higher in the treated plots (P <0.01). As for the milk component, the milk fat content was significantly higher in the treated group (P <0.05). In addition, the milk protein content was significantly lower in the treated group (P <0.01).

Furthermore, changes in lumen ammonia nitrogen, blood urea nitrogen concentration (BUN), and milk urea nitrogen concentration (MUN) in this test are shown in FIG. Addition of sodium acetate and vitamin K3 to the diet significantly reduced lumen ammonia nitrogen and BUN (P <0.05), significantly reduced MUN (P <0.01), and activated nitrogen metabolism. Was admitted.

From the above results, it was shown that the combined feeding of sodium acetate and vitamin K3 as active ingredients activates nitrogen metabolism in lactating cows and further increases both milk yield and milk fat content at the same time. In addition, the safety and sustainability of continuous salary were also clarified.

Six Holstein lactating cows (average milk yield 19 kg, average milking days 241 days, average production order 1.8) were tested and tested. During the feeding test period, conventional feed mainly composed of corn silage and dairy cow mixed feed was fed twice a day for free feeding and free drinking. Commercially available vitamin K3; 2.5 g (1% conversion = 25 mg, 50 mg / day) was added to the diet of vitamin K group for each morning and evening feeding, and no control group was added. A reversal test was performed with 14 days of the 11-day preliminary test and the 3-day test as one period.

Dry matter intake (DMI), methane (CH ₄ ) production in rumen, milk yield, milk composition (milk fat, milk protein, lactose), urea nitrogen in milk in the control group and vitamin K group after the test The measurement results are shown in Table 4 below. There was no difference in dry matter intake between the two groups, but both milk yield and milk fat content were significantly higher in the vitamin K group. If the alphabet on the right side of the numerical value in the table is the same in each section, it means that there is no significant difference, and if it is different, it means that there is a significant difference.

From the above results, it was shown that the single feeding of vitamin K3 as an active ingredient also increases both the milk yield and the milk fat content of lactating cows at the same time.

The present invention can be summarized as follows.

That is, the present invention can improve both milk quality and milk production by activating the nitrogen metabolism of ruminant livestock such as cows, sheep and goats, and simultaneously increasing the milk yield and the milk fat content in the milk. It is an object of the present invention to provide such nutritional and physiological techniques (oral administration or feeding ingredients, methods, etc.).

Then, by orally administering or feeding vitamin K3 (menadion) or acetic acid and / or acetate and vitamin K3 (menadion) as an active ingredient to the rubbing livestock, the nitrogen metabolism of the rubbing livestock is activated and / or The milk yield and the milk fat content in the milk are increased at the same time to improve milk quality and milk production easily and effectively.

Claims (8)

A feed composition for activating nitrogen metabolism in ruminant livestock containing acetic acid and / or acetate and vitamin K3 (menadione) as active ingredients. The feed composition according to claim 1 , wherein the acetate salt is sodium acetate and / or calcium acetate. The feed composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ruminant livestock is at least one selected from cattle, sheep, and goats. A method for activating nitrogen metabolism in ruminant livestock, which comprises orally administering or feeding acetic acid and / or acetate and vitamin K3 (menadione) to ruminant livestock. The method according to claim 4 , wherein 30 to 300 g / head of acetic acid and / or acetate is orally administered or fed as acetic acid per day. The method of claim 4 or 5 , wherein the acetate is sodium acetate and / or calcium acetate. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein vitamin K3 (menadione) is orally administered or fed at 10 to 200 mg / head per day. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 7 , wherein the ruminant livestock is at least one selected from cattle, sheep, and goats.