JP6916361B1 - Windmill - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To convert lift generated in a blade arranged around a rotating substrate into torque through tension, and to suppress the lift so as not to exceed the structural durability of the wind turbine. .. An arm D fixed to a blade 21 and an inner base 61 are connected by a gear structure. The wind catcher 65 receives wind power to rotate the inner base 61. Then, the arm D connected to the inner base 61 by the gear structure moves so as to be pulled into the outer base 11. As a result, the distance between the blade 21 and the rotation shaft 04 becomes smaller. When the wind force received by the wind catcher 65 becomes weaker, the rewind spring 64 rotates the inner base 61 in the opposite direction to the above. As a result, the arm D moves outward from the outer base 11. The blade 21 fixed to the arm D has a large distance from the rotation shaft 04. [Selection diagram] FIG. 7

Description

The present invention relates to a wind turbine suitable for wind power generation, and more specifically, to generate lift by the principle of the wind beam method, which is one of the traveling methods of a yacht, so that it can be converted into torque through tension. About the windmill.

The force acting on the blade (plate-shaped or leaf-shaped member) that receives the wind, especially the lift, is converted into torque for the rotation of the wind turbine through the tension generated in the connecting means (connecting member) used to support the blade for effective use. There is a wind turbine (Patent Document 1).

Patent No. 4456660

Wind power can be generated day and night, regardless of the weather, if there is wind, but since the wind direction speed fluctuates greatly in urban areas such as building winds and veranda winds, it is not necessary to respond to wind direction reversal, and the wind speed can be changed from light winds to typhoons. There is a need for a windmill that can withstand.
The wind turbine disclosed in Patent Document 1 does not have a lift adjusting function and may exceed the structural durability of the wind turbine depending on the wind speed.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a new type of wind turbine capable of suppressing the lift so as not to exceed the structural durability of the wind turbine.

The wind turbine according to the present invention has a substrate rotatably provided around an axis extending in the vertical direction, at least three blades arranged around the substrate, and each blade is mechanically attached to the substrate. Includes binding means for binding. Each blade has an outer blade surface, which is a surface on the side away from the axis, and an inner blade surface, which is a surface on the side closer to the axis.

The outer blade surface has a curved shape that bulges away from the axis in a cross section perpendicular to the axis, while the inner blade surface provides an outer periphery provided by the substrate at least in a portion corresponding to each blade. It extends facing the surface. As a result, the airflow that comes from the side of the shaft and passes along the outer blade surface and the airflow that passes between the inner blade surface and the outer base surface are generated, so that the blade has the airflow. Lift may be generated that attempts to separate the blade from the shaft.

Further, the coupling means includes connecting means for connecting each blade and the substrate, and the connecting means does not allow the line of action of tension evoked by the connecting means due to the lift to pass through the shaft. As described above, the blade and the substrate are connected. This produces torque to rotate the wind turbine. Further, at least one wedge-shaped shunt is attached in the cross section perpendicular to the shaft, and the shunt is directed so as to receive the wind coming from the side of the shaft and deviate to both sides of the shaft. Two streams are generated.

Here, the substrate can have a drum shape having the axis as the central axis. Further, the substrate may have a polygonal prism shape having the axis as the central axis. It is preferable that the connecting means includes an elastically stretchable member, and each blade can change the distance from the shaft according to the tension.

One embodiment of the present invention
A hollow outer base rotatably provided around a shaft extending in the vertical direction, a hollow inner base rotatable around the shaft and arranged within the outer base, and the outer base. A wind turbine including at least three blades evenly distributed around the periphery and a coupling means for mechanically bonding each blade to the outer substrate.
Each blade has an outer blade surface, which is a side surface away from the axis, and an inner blade surface, which is a surface closer to the axis.
The outer blade surface has a curved shape that bulges away from the axis in a cross section perpendicular to the axis.
The inner blade surface extends with respect to the outer peripheral surface provided by the outer substrate at least in the portion corresponding to each blade, and the airflow arriving from the side of the shaft and passing along the outer blade surface. The generation of an air flow passing between the inner blade surface and the outer peripheral surface of the outer substrate causes the blade to generate lift that tends to separate the blade from the shaft.
The coupling means includes a connecting means for connecting each blade and the outer substrate, and a driving means.
One end of the connecting means is fixed to the blade and the other end is fixed to the outer substrate so that the line of action of tension evoked by the connecting means due to the lift does not pass through the shaft. It has a long member that is slidably supported at two points and has a long member.
In order to rotate the inner substrate relative to the outer substrate according to the wind force or the wind speed applied to the wind turbine, the inner blade surface, which is a surface closer to the axis, and the outer peripheral surface of the outer substrate At least three wind catchers parallel to the axis are provided in the formed region.
The driving means includes an inner substrate that is coaxially and relatively rotatably supported by the outer substrate that is rotatably provided around an axis extending in the vertical direction.
The elongated member is gear-connected to the outer peripheral surface of the inner substrate.
The inner substrate is connected to the shaft by a rewind spring, and is connected to the shaft.
In the wind catcher, the upper part and the lower part of the wind catcher are connected to the upper part and the lower part of the inner substrate by a connecting member.
The wind catcher rotates the inner substrate relative to the outer substrate about the axis according to the wind force or the wind speed applied to the wind turbine.
It is provided with an internal drum stopper that limits the amount of rotation of the inner substrate with respect to the outer substrate.
Each of the blades may have a wing-like shape, an opening may be provided on the rear side in the rotation direction so that the wind from the rear can be received, and a cavity for receiving the wind may be provided inside each blade.

Other embodiments of the present invention
A hollow outer base rotatably provided around a shaft extending in the vertical direction, a hollow inner base rotatable around the shaft and arranged within the outer base, and the outer base. A wind turbine including at least three blades evenly distributed around the periphery and a coupling means for mechanically bonding each blade to the outer substrate.
Each blade has an outer blade surface, which is a side surface away from the axis, and an inner blade surface, which is a surface closer to the axis.
The outer blade surface has a curved shape that bulges away from the axis in a cross section perpendicular to the axis.
The inner blade surface extends with respect to the outer peripheral surface provided by the outer substrate at least in the portion corresponding to each blade, and the airflow arriving from the side of the shaft and passing along the outer blade surface. The generation of an air flow passing between the inner blade surface and the outer peripheral surface of the outer substrate causes the blade to generate lift that tends to separate the blade from the shaft.
The coupling means includes a connecting means for connecting each blade and the outer substrate, and a driving means.
The connecting means connects the blade and the outer substrate so that the line of action of tension caused by the connecting means due to the lift does not pass through the shaft, and one end thereof is fixed to the blade. The other end has a long member that is slidably supported on the outer substrate at two points.
The drive means includes an inner base that is rotatably provided around an axis extending in the vertical direction and is supported coaxially and relative to the outer base, in which the motor is a gear. The elongated member is connected by a structure, and when the wind speed exceeds a preset limit, the inner base is rotated by the driving force of the motor, and the inner base is connected to the inner base by a gear structure. It moves so as to be drawn into the outer base, and when the wind speed falls below a preset value, the motor is rotated in the reverse direction, and the elongated member moves outward from the outer base.
Each of the blades may have a wing-like shape, an opening may be provided on the rear side in the rotation direction so that the wind from the rear can be received, and a cavity for receiving the wind may be provided inside each blade.

The force (particularly lift) generated by the blades arranged around the rotation axis and receiving the wind can be effectively used to generate torque for rotating the wind turbine through tension. Therefore, it is easy to increase the efficiency of torque generation. In addition, compared to conventional lift-type wind turbines, torque for rotating the wind turbine can be obtained without causing a large rotational component in the lift itself generated by the blades, so the degree of freedom in selecting the cross-sectional shape and arrangement direction of the blades is high. Will be higher. Furthermore, the area of the blade can be increased by selecting the dimensions of the base (hereinafter referred to as "rotating base") that can rotate around the axis of rotation extending in the vertical direction, particularly the depth dimension (dimensions along the vertical direction). It is easy, and it is also easy to obtain a large lift and generate a large torque from it.
Then, the driving means can easily change the distance of each blade from the shaft. Thereby, the lift can be suppressed so as not to exceed the structural durability strength of the wind turbine.

It is a front view for demonstrating the wind turbine which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the wind turbine shown in FIG. It is a figure which showed the example of the expansion / contraction part and the regulation cylinder included in the connection means about the wind turbine shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. It is a figure which showed another example of the expansion / contraction part and the regulation cylinder included in the connection means about the wind turbine shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Regarding the cross-sectional structure (shape of the blade element) of the blade that can be used in the wind turbine according to the present invention, the first example (a), the second example (b), and the third example (c) are shown. It is a figure explaining the torque generation in the wind turbine which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows the 1st driving means which changes the distance from the axis of each blade. It is a figure which shows the 2nd driving means which changes the distance from the axis of each blade.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, the schematic structure of the wind turbine according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown in a front view, a top view, and a partially enlarged view. The coordinate system (right-handed orthogonal X coordinate) shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is for convenience to indicate the direction, and the Z direction is the extending direction of the rotation axis 004 (in FIG. 1). + Z points to the upward direction and −Z points to the downward direction), and the X direction points to the left-right direction (+ X is the horizontal right direction and −X is the horizontal left direction) in FIG. The Y direction is a direction perpendicular to both the X direction and the Z direction. In FIG. 1, the direction is + Y and the direction is −Y, which is perpendicular to the paper surface. Further, in FIG. 2, the horizontal right direction is the + Y direction, and the horizontal left direction is the −Y direction.

In particular, as can be seen by referring to the front view of FIG. 1 and the top view of FIG. 2 together, the wind turbine is installed on the installation base 10 constructed at an appropriate position on the installation surface (horizontal ground) GR. A rotating shaft 004 extending in the + Z direction (vertically upward direction) is provided on the installation base 10, and an outer base 11 is pivotally supported on the rotating shaft 004. As for the mechanism for the shaft support, a well-known bearing mechanism can be used, and details thereof will be omitted.

Here, the outer substrate 11 is composed of a drum-shaped hollow member having a central axis corresponding to the rotation axis 04, a cylindrical outer peripheral surface 13, and an inner peripheral surface. Although only the outer peripheral surface 13 of the outer base 11 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the outer base 11 is a cylindrical object having a predetermined thickness having an outer peripheral surface 13 and an inner peripheral surface (not shown). At least three blades (here, three blades are exemplified) are attached to the "outside" of the outer peripheral surface 13 of the outer substrate 11 so as to be arranged around the rotation axis 04 at substantially equal angular intervals. .. In the present specification, unless otherwise specified, the "outside" means "the side away from the rotation axis of the substrate (the side far from the rotation axis of the substrate)", and the "inside" means the "outer substrate". The side toward the rotation axis of the substrate (the side closer to the rotation axis of the substrate) ".

Each of the blades 21 to 23 is made of a curved plate-shaped member, and is arranged so as to cover a part of the outer peripheral surface 13 of the outer base 11 from the outside. In the case of this embodiment, the shapes and dimensions of the blades 21 to 23 are substantially the same. That is, as can be easily understood from the drawing of FIG. 1, each blade 21 to 23 covers the entire length of the drum-shaped substrate 11 along the Z direction, and further projects slightly from the side end faces 12 and 14. It is provided in a mode (a mode having an edge protruding from each of the side end faces 12 and 14). On the other hand, the cover angle range around the rotation shaft 004 per blade 21 to 23 is about 60 degrees.

However, this is merely an example, and there is no particular limitation on each of the blades 21 to 23 as long as the securing of the wind passage between the blades 21 to 23 and the outer peripheral surface 13 of the outer substrate 11 is not hindered. For example, the blades 21 to 21 23 The cover angle range around the rotation axis 004 per sheet can be appropriately selected from 30 degrees to 90 degrees. In general, it is preferable that the larger the number of blades arranged around the rotation shaft 04, the smaller the cover angle range per blade. For example, 12 blades of the same shape and the same size may be arranged every 30 degrees around the rotation axis 004, with the cover angle range per blade being 20 degrees. Each blade 21 to 23 may be a bowl-shaped wind turbine blade by providing an opening on the rear side in the rotation direction and providing a cavity inside each blade to receive wind.

Further, it is not always necessary to cover the entire length of the substrate (here, the drum-shaped outer substrate 11) with respect to the coverage range along the Z direction. For example, the total length of the outer substrate 11 in the Z direction may be substantially divided into two, and approximately half of the outer substrate 11 may be covered with a blade. Further, the sizes of the blades can be mixed in size.

Next, how to support each of the blades 21 to 23 will be described mainly with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. Each blade 21-23 is supported by being mechanically coupled to the outer substrate 11. The means (bonding means) for that purpose includes connecting means for connecting each of the blades 21 to 23 and the outer base 11. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the connecting means is composed of three parts for each of the blades 21 to 23. Of the three parts, the blades 21 to 23 side and the outer base 11 side are the blade side connecting members (first arm-shaped connecting elements) A1 to A3 and the base side connecting members (third arm-shaped connecting elements), respectively. ) C1 to C3 are used.

Intermediate connection portions B1 to B3 are provided at a portion that bridges the two. For each of the connecting member sets A1, C1 to A3, and C3, the intermediate connecting portions B1 to B3 are, as shown in FIG. It is composed of a side end surface 12 (fixed to the side end surface 14 on the bottom surface side). Both ends of the telescopic springs SP1 to SP3 are telescopically connected between the corresponding connection member sets A1, C1 to A3, and C3. Since the intermediate connection portion corresponds to the regulation cylinder in appearance, the reference numerals B1 to B3 are also used as the reference numerals for the regulation cylinder for convenience of explanation.

For each of the blades 21 to 23, a set consisting of these three parts is provided on the top side and the bottom side of the outer base 11, but since the arrangement and the structural aspect on each side are the same, the detailed description mainly uses the top side as an example. To do. As depicted in FIG. 2, on the top side of the outer substrate 11, the blade-side ends of the blade-side connecting members A1 to A3 are fixed locations of the side ends of the corresponding blades 21 to 23 (hereinafter, for convenience). It is fixed to each of the blades 21 to 23 at 41a to 43a (referred to as "first fixing point"). In FIG. 1, the drawing of the connecting member is almost omitted, and only two of the locations (three locations) corresponding to the first fixed locations on the top side and the bottom side of the substrate are designated by reference numerals 41a. It is shown by 42a, 41b, 42b.

On the other hand, the end portions of the substrate-side connecting members C1 to C3 on the substrate side are sided at 51 to 53 fixed points (hereinafter, for convenience, referred to as "second fixed points") on the side end surface 12 on the top side of the outer base 11. It is fixed to the end face 12. In addition, also on the side end surface 14 on the bottom side of the outer base 11, the base side end portion of each connecting member is fixed at a portion corresponding to the second fixing portion (not shown). As described above, since the connecting member has a stretchable portion for each of the blades 21 to 23, when lift is generated on the blades 21 to 23 by the action of wind as described later, it depends on the strength of the lift. The blades 21 to 23 move away from the outer peripheral surface 13 of the outer base 11. The restricting cylinders B1 to B3 prevent the blades 21 to 23 from swinging significantly due to the wind (preventing the telescopic springs SP1 to SP3 from bending significantly).

From the viewpoint of more effectively preventing the blades 21 to 23 or the connecting means for connecting the blades 21 to 23 from swinging, it is conceivable to install the regulating cylinder closer to the blades 21 to 23 side. FIG. 4 shows an example. In the example shown in FIG. 4, for each blade 21 to 23, one arm-shaped member A1'(A2', A3') and one telescopic spring (stretchable elastic member) SP1'(SP2', SP3'). ) Is used as a connecting member. Since the connection at both ends of the connecting member is the same as the example shown in FIG. 3, the description thereof will be omitted.

Further, when no lift or weak lift is generated, or when a force that presses the blades 21 to 23 against the outer peripheral surface 13 side of the outer base 11 acts instead of the lift, the blades 21 to 23 are attached to the outer base 11. It approaches the outer peripheral surface 13 (it may be in contact with the outer peripheral surface 13, but it is not preferable to be in close contact with the outer peripheral surface 13).

Since each of the blades 21 to 23 is supported on the outside of the outer peripheral surface 13 of the outer substrate 11 as described above, when a wind blows along any of the blades 21 to 23 when viewed from above (+ Z direction). , The wind also enters between the blades 21 to 23 and the outer peripheral surface 13 of the outer base 11, and some force acts on the blades 21 to 23. In the present embodiment, in order to facilitate the generation of such a wind component, when a wind from the side of the rotation shaft 04 (the wind in the + Y direction is illustrated in FIG. 2), the rotation shaft 04 and its A wedge-shaped shunts 31 to 33 that branch the flow so as to direct the flow of air that is about to travel toward the periphery (nearby) so as to divert to both sides of the rotation shaft 04 are provided around the outer base 11. It is placed in the right place (see FIGS. 1 and 2).

Each of the shunts 31 to 33 is composed of a columnar member extending along the vertical direction as a whole, and each of the shunts 31 to 33 has a wedge shape in a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis 04. The wedge-shaped tapered side is arranged so as to face the radial direction (direction away from the rotation axis 04) (see FIG. 2). The above-mentioned "appropriate place" is a position outside the trajectory of the blades 21 to 23 when the outer base 11 is rotating and which does not hinder the rotational movement of the blades 21 to 23, but is the outer periphery of the outer base 11. If the distance from the surface 13 is too large, the ability to generate wind that enters between the blades 21 to 23 and the outer peripheral surface 13 of the base 11 is reduced, so that the installation position of the shunts 31 to 33 does not interfere with the rotation of the wind turbine. It is preferable that the position is as close to the outer peripheral surface 13 of the outer substrate 11 as possible under the conditions.

The number of shunts 31 to 33 installed may be determined by design, and the three are merely examples. Considering the state in which the wind is blowing from the left side (from the −Y direction) in FIG. 2 in the examples shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the shunt 31 exerts its function and the blade 21 The generation of a flow toward one end (one end on the windward side) and a flow toward one end (one end on the windward side) of the blade 22 is promoted.

Then, the wind further flows from the vicinity of each end of the blades 21 and 22 to the outside and the inside of the blades 21 and 22. Here, since the inner side surfaces of the blades 21 and 22 face a part of the outer peripheral surface 13 of the outer substrate 11 (the portion corresponding to the blades 21 and 22), the blades 21 and 22 and the outer peripheral surface 13 (the portions corresponding to the blades 21 and 22) are opposed to each other. It can be a wind passage between the blades 21 and 22). However, care should be taken so that the above-mentioned telescopic spring does not hinder the formation of the passage. Therefore, it is preferable that the telescopic spring is provided so that the blades 21 to 23 are arranged so as to be slightly lifted (separated) from the outer peripheral surface 13 in a neutral state (no wind state).

Now, in the present invention, as described above, for any (at least one) blade, the lift that can be generated when the wind blows through both sides of the blade from one side (leeward side) to the other side (leeward side). Is the main driving force for the rotation of the wind turbine. In that sense, it can be said that the wind turbine according to the present invention is basically a kind of "lift type wind turbine". However, the blade (blade 23 in the example of FIG. 2) located just on the leeward side of the outer substrate 11 can also partially contribute to the rotation of the wind turbine, although it is slight. This is because the blade 23 located just on the leeward side of the outer substrate 11 is forced to separate the blade 23 from the outer peripheral surface 13 as a result of the wind trying to enter between both ends of the blade 23 and the outer peripheral surface 13. Is. This force does not correspond to "lift" in the aerodynamic sense, but in terms of "force to separate the blade from the outer peripheral surface 13", it is common to the lift that can be generated on the blades 21 and 22. There is.

Here, consider the conditions of the cross-sectional shape of the blade suitable for generating lift when the blade is in a position such as the blades 21 and 22. The cross-sectional shape referred to here is a shape in a cross section perpendicular to the vertical direction (extending direction of the rotation axis), and a blade cross-sectional piece taken out in such a cross section may be called a "blade element". .. In the following description, this term will be used as appropriate. Now, it is a condition of the wing element shape for the generation of lift.

A "wing-shaped" blade can also be adopted as the blades 21 and 22. 5 (a) to 5 (c) show an example. In each of these figures, PS1 to PS3 are the outer surfaces (outer peripheral surface 13 in the example of FIG. 2) of the substrate rotating around the rotation axis, and are flat surfaces in FIG. 5 (c). For example, this applies when a "polygonal substrate" is used. Further, the straight line N is a straight line passing through the rotation axis of the substrate and the representative point of the blade element (area center of gravity of the blade element).

FIG. 5A is symmetrical with respect to the straight line N, but is characterized in that the curvature of the outward bulge on the outer surface and the inner surface is larger on the outer surface. Under the blade element shape of the blade BL1, the flow velocity of the air flowing along the outer surface is larger than the flow velocity of the air flowing in the passage between the inner side surface and the outer surface PS1. The blade BL2 of FIG. 5B has a typical blade element shape, is asymmetric with respect to a straight line N, and the curvature of the outward bulge on the outer surface and the inner surface is larger on the outer surface. Even in such a blade shape, the flow velocity of the air flowing along the outer surface is larger than the flow velocity of the air flowing in the passage between the inner surface and the outer surface PS2.

FIG. 5 (c) is different from FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) by using a blade BL3 having a blade element shape in which the outer surface is curved outward while the inner surface is curved inward. There is. The broken line LL in the figure is a straight line connecting the tip (leeward end) LA and the end (leeward end) LB of the blade element, and the area of the upper side (outside) of the broken line LL is the broken line LL. It is designed to exceed the area of the lower side (inside). Further, as the rotating substrate, one that provides a flat outer surface PS3 is adopted and used for forming a passage. In this case as well, the flow velocity of the air flowing along the outer surface is still larger than the flow velocity of the air flowing in the passage between the inner surface and the outer surface PS3, and therefore, there is no problem in generating lift.
Each of the blades may have a wing-like shape, an opening may be provided on the rear side in the rotation direction so as to receive the wind from the rear, and a cavity for receiving the wind may be provided inside each blade.

Here, with reference to FIG. 6, when lift is generated in the blades in the above-mentioned examples, the reason why this is converted into the torque of the wind turbine rotation will be described. Here, for the sake of simplicity, as shown in FIG. 6, the fixing portion F1 (first fixing portion) on the blade BL side and the fixing portion F2 (second fixing portion) on the substrate side of the connecting means; Let Φ1 be the angle formed by the straight line connecting the fixed points 51 to 53 in FIG. 2 with respect to the straight line connecting the first fixed point F1 and the rotation axis O. Further, consider the triangle F1OF2, and let the remaining internal angles be θ1 and θ2 as shown in the figure. d is the distance between OF2. Here, as illustrated in the example of FIG. 2, the second fixed portion F2 is located at a position shifted to the side of the rotation axis O.

Now, when lift F is generated in the blade BL, the direction of the main component thereof is roughly radial with the rotation axis O as the center. Further, it is generally assumed that the point of action of lift F (coupling force) is close to the first fixed point F1, and here, an example in which F1 is the point of action of lift F (coupling force) will be considered. Then, the lift F can generate a counterclockwise moment proportional to OF2 × COSΦ1. That is, when fixing the blade BL to the substrate via the connecting means, the fixed portion (second fixing portion) F2 on the substrate side is the line of action of the tension acting on the connecting means due to the lift generated in the blade BL. By setting the eccentricity so that it does not pass through the rotation shaft O, the same tension can be used as a torque generation source.

Due to such torque generation, the wind turbine rotates counterclockwise in FIG. 6 or 2. As for the second fixed portion F2, the angle θ2 formed by the straight line connecting the second fixed portion F2 and the rotation axis O in the radial direction and the distance d between OF2 may be selected by design. However, since the line of action of the tension S must not pass through the rotation axis O, it is preferable to set the angle θ2 to a value sufficiently deviating from 0 degrees or 180 degrees. Further, it is preferable that the distance d between OF2 is not so small.

As shown in FIG. 2, regulation cylinders B1 to B3 are provided as a mechanism for preventing the blades 21 to 23 from vibrating significantly in response to the wind. Telescopic springs SP1 to SP3 are provided in the regulation cylinders B1 to B3, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 2, the blades 21 to 23 move away from the outer peripheral surface 13 of the substrate 11 according to the strength of lift. Depending on the wind force or the wind speed, the allowable wind force or the allowable wind speed of the wind turbine may be exceeded. Therefore, when the permissible wind force or the permissible wind speed is exceeded, the blades 21 to 23 may be moved in the direction of the rotation shaft 004 to provide a wind turbine provided with means for reducing the rotation moment of the wind turbine.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a first driving means for changing the distance of each blade from the axis. In this embodiment, the outer basic 11 which is the main body drum and the inner base 61 which has an outer peripheral surface whose diameter is smaller than the inner peripheral surface of the outer base 11 are provided with the rotation shaft 04 as the central axis.

Here, the outer substrate 11 is composed of a drum-shaped hollow member having a central axis corresponding to the rotation axis 04, a cylindrical outer peripheral surface 13, and an inner peripheral surface. Although only the outer peripheral surface 13 of the outer base 11 is shown in FIG. 7, the outer base 11 is a cylindrical object having a predetermined thickness having an outer peripheral surface 13 and an inner peripheral surface (not shown).

At least three blades (here, three blades are exemplified) are attached to the "outside" of the outer peripheral surface 13 of the outer substrate 11 so as to be arranged around the rotation axis 04 at substantially equal angular intervals. .. "Outside" means "the side away from the rotation axis of the substrate (the side far from the rotation axis of the substrate)", and "inside" means "the side toward the rotation axis of the substrate (the side close to the rotation axis of the substrate)". ) ”.

Further, the inner base 61 is composed of a drum-shaped hollow member having a central axis corresponding to the rotation shaft 04, a cylindrical outer peripheral surface 63, and an inner peripheral surface. Although only the outer peripheral surface 63 of the inner base 61 is shown in FIG. 7, the inner base 61 is a cylindrical object having a predetermined thickness having an outer peripheral surface 13 and an inner peripheral surface (not shown).

The rotating shaft 004 and the inner peripheral surface of the inner base 61 are connected by a rewind spring 64. Therefore, the outer base 11 and the inner base 61 can rotate relative to each other in a state regulated by the rewind spring 64.

The wind catcher 65 is provided between the inner peripheral surface of the outer base 11 and the outer peripheral surface of the inner base 61. The upper part and the lower part of the wind catcher 65 are connected by the connecting members 66a and 66b at the upper part and the lower part of the inner base 61. The wind catcher 65 rotates the inner base 61 relative to the outer base 11 according to the wind force or the wind speed applied to the wind turbine.

Arms D and D are fixed to the upper and lower parts of the inner blade surface of the blade 21. The blade 21 and the outer base 11 are slidably connected to the upper part and the lower part of the blade 21 by arms D and D made of rod-shaped members. The upper and lower arms D and D slidably penetrate the two holes 13a and 13b provided at predetermined positions of the outer base 11, respectively, thereby allowing the outer base 11 to slidably penetrate the two holes 13a and 13b. It is slidably supported by.

The arm D fixed to the blade 21 and the inner base 61 are connected by a gear structure consisting of a rack provided on the arm D and a gear provided on the outer peripheral surface 63 of the inner base 61. With this structure, the rotational movement of the inner base 61 is converted into the translational movement of the arm D.

When the wind catcher 65 receives the wind force, the wind catcher 65 connects the inner base 61 connected to the wind catcher 65 via the connecting members 66a and 66b in a direction relatively opposite to the rotation direction of the outer base 11. Rotate. Then, the arm D connected to the inner base 61 by the gear structure moves so as to be pulled into the outer base 11. As a result, the distance between the blade 21 and the rotation shaft 04 becomes smaller.

The rotation limit of the rotation of the inner base 61 with respect to the outer base 11 is set by the inner drum stoppers 67a and 67b. The internal drum stopper 67a is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the outer substrate 11. On the other hand, the internal drum stopper 67b is provided on the outer peripheral surface 63 of the inner base 61. When the inner base 61 rotates backward relative to the outer base 11, the inner drum stopper 67a and the inner drum stopper 67b come into contact with each other, and the relative backward rotation of the inner base 61 stops.

When the wind force received by the wind catcher 65 becomes weaker, the rewinding spring 64 causes the inner base 61 to rotate relatively in the opposite direction to the above. As a result, the arms D and D move outward with respect to the outer base 11. As a result, the blades 21 fixed to the arms D and D increase the distance from the rotation shaft 04.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a second driving means for changing the distance of each blade from the axis. The second driving means is an embodiment in which a small motor 70 is used to separate or bring the blade 21 away from or close to the outer peripheral surface 13 of the outer base 11.

In this embodiment, the outer base 11 which is the main body drum and the inner base 61 arranged in the outer base 11 are provided with the rotation shaft 04 as the central axis. Although only the blades 21 are shown in FIG. 8, in reality, a plurality of blades are evenly arranged around the outer peripheral surface 13 of the outer substrate 11 as in the above-described embodiment. Each blade 21 to 23 may be a bowl-shaped wind turbine blade by providing an opening on the rear side in the rotation direction and providing a cavity inside each blade to receive wind.

Arms D made of rod-shaped members are fixed at two places above and below the inner blade surface of the blade 21. Then, each arm D slidably penetrates the two holes 13a and 13b provided on the side surface of the cylindrical outer base 11. As a result, the arm D is slidably supported by the outer base 11 at two locations, the holes 13a and 13b, respectively. The arm D fixed to the inner blade surface of the blade 21 and the inner base 61 are connected by a gear structure consisting of a rack provided on the arm D and a gear provided on the outer peripheral surface 63 of the inner base 61. ..

The small motor 70 is connected by a gear mechanism so that the rotational force of the small motor 70 can be transmitted to the inner base 61. The small motor is driven and controlled by a control device (not shown) based on the information measured by the anemometer (not shown). When the wind speed exceeds a preset limit, the inner base 61 is rotated by the driving force of the small motor 70. Then, the arm D connected to the inner base 61 by the gear structure moves so as to be pulled into the outer base 11. As a result, the distance between the blade 21 and the rotation shaft 04 becomes smaller.

When the wind speed falls below a preset value, the small motor 70 is rotated in the reverse direction of the above, and the outer peripheral surface 63 is rotated in the opposite direction to the above. As a result, the arm D moves outward from the outer base 11. The blade 21 fixed to the arm D has a large distance from the rotation shaft 04.

21-23, BL, BL1 to BL3 Blade 10 Installation base 11 Outer base (rotating drum)
12 Side end face (top side)
13 Outer peripheral surfaces 13a, 13b Holes 14 Side end surfaces (bottom side)
31-33 Splitter (shunt)
41-43 End of connection means (blade side)
51-53 End of connection means (base side)
61 Inner base 63 Outer peripheral surface 64 Rewind spring 65 Wind catcher 66a, 66b Connecting members 67a, 67b Internal drum stopper 70 Small motor

A1 to A3 blade side connection member (first connection element)
A1'to A3' Arm-shaped connecting members B1 to B3 Intermediate connection (regulatory cylinder)
BL4 Inner blade BL5 Outer blade (auxiliary blade; for rectification)

C1-C3 Base-side connecting member (third connecting element)

D arm E arm

GR installation surface (ground)
N Straight line passing through the rotation axis of the substrate and the representative point of the blade element 〇 4 Rotation axis PS, PS1 to PS3 Outer surface of the substrate SP1 to SP3, SP1'to SP3'Expandable spring (expandable elastic member)

Claims (3)

A hollow outer base rotatably provided around a shaft extending in the vertical direction, a hollow inner base rotatable around the shaft and arranged within the outer base, and the outer base. A wind turbine including at least three blades evenly distributed around the periphery and a coupling means for mechanically bonding each blade to the outer substrate.
Each blade has an outer blade surface, which is a side surface away from the axis, and an inner blade surface, which is a surface closer to the axis.
The outer blade surface has a curved shape that bulges away from the axis in a cross section perpendicular to the axis.
The inner blade surface extends with respect to the outer peripheral surface provided by the outer substrate at least in the portion corresponding to each blade, and the airflow arriving from the side of the shaft and passing along the outer blade surface. The generation of an air flow passing between the inner blade surface and the outer peripheral surface of the outer substrate causes the blade to generate lift that tends to separate the blade from the shaft.
The coupling means includes a connecting means for connecting each blade and the outer substrate, and a driving means.
One end of the connecting means is fixed to the blade and the other end is fixed to the outer substrate so that the line of action of tension evoked by the connecting means due to the lift does not pass through the shaft. It has a long member that is slidably supported at two points and has a long member.
In order to rotate the inner substrate relative to the outer substrate according to the wind force or the wind speed applied to the wind turbine, the inner blade surface, which is a surface closer to the axis, and the outer peripheral surface of the outer substrate At least three wind catchers parallel to the axis are provided in the formed region.
The driving means includes an inner substrate that is coaxially and relatively rotatably supported by the outer substrate that is rotatably provided around an axis extending in the vertical direction.
The elongated member is gear-connected to the outer peripheral surface of the inner substrate.
The inner substrate is connected to the shaft by a rewind spring, and is connected to the shaft.
In the wind catcher, the upper part and the lower part of the wind catcher are connected to the upper part and the lower part of the inner substrate by a connecting member.
The wind catcher rotates the inner substrate relative to the outer substrate about the axis according to the wind force or the wind speed applied to the wind turbine.
An internal drum stopper that limits the amount of rotation of the inner substrate relative to the outer substrate is provided.
Windmill. A hollow outer base rotatably provided around a shaft extending in the vertical direction, a hollow inner base rotatable around the shaft and arranged within the outer base, and the outer base. A wind turbine including at least three blades evenly distributed around the periphery and a coupling means for mechanically bonding each blade to the outer substrate.
Each blade has an outer blade surface, which is a side surface away from the axis, and an inner blade surface, which is a surface closer to the axis.
The outer blade surface has a curved shape that bulges away from the axis in a cross section perpendicular to the axis.
The inner blade surface extends with respect to the outer peripheral surface provided by the outer substrate at least in the portion corresponding to each blade, and the airflow arriving from the side of the shaft and passing along the outer blade surface. The generation of an air flow passing between the inner blade surface and the outer peripheral surface of the outer substrate causes the blade to generate lift that tends to separate the blade from the shaft.
The coupling means includes a connecting means for connecting each blade and the outer substrate, and a driving means.
The connecting means connects the blade and the outer substrate so that the line of action of tension caused by the connecting means due to the lift does not pass through the shaft, and one end thereof is fixed to the blade. The other end has a long member that is slidably supported on the outer substrate at two points.
The drive means includes an inner base that is rotatably provided around an axis extending in the vertical direction and is supported coaxially and relative to the outer base, in which the motor is a gear. The elongated member is connected by a structure, and when the wind speed exceeds a preset limit, the inner base is rotated by the driving force of the motor, and the inner base is connected to the inner base by a gear structure. It moves so as to be drawn into the outer base, and when the wind speed falls below a preset value, the motor is rotated in the reverse direction, and the elongated member moves outward from the outer base.
Windmill.
Claim 1 or 2 in which each of the blades has a wing-like shape, an opening is provided on the rear side in the rotation direction so as to receive wind from the rear, and a cavity for receiving wind is provided in each blade. The windmill described in.

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