JP6909230B2 - 膵臓内分泌細胞の分化および精製のための方法 - Google Patents
膵臓内分泌細胞の分化および精製のための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
「胚性幹細胞」という句は、3種類の胚性生殖細胞層(すなわち、内胚葉、外胚葉および中胚葉)の細胞へと分化することができるか、または未分化状態に留まることが可能な胚細胞を指す。適切には、胚細胞または部分的に分化した細胞前駆体は、胚の破壊を伴わない方法によってのみ得られるヒト細胞を含む。そのような方法は、例えばChungら、Cell Stem Cell、2008、2(2)、113−117に記載されている。商業的に入手可能な幹細胞も、本発明のこの態様で使用できることが理解されるだろう。ヒトES細胞は、NIHヒト胚性幹細胞レジストリ(http://escr.nih.gov)から購入することができる。市販の胚性幹細胞株の非限定的な例は、BG01、BG02、BG03、BG04、CY12、CY30、CY92、CY10、TE03およびTE32である。
フィーダーフリー培養
Sharvikinら(前出)に記載される手順を用い、抗体アレイスクリーニングを行った。231種類のモノクローナルマウス抗ヒト抗体(BD biosciences)のパネルを用い、ヒドロゲルコーティングしたスライド(Full Moon Biosystems)上の固体ピン(Total array Systems、BioRobotics)を有するMicrogridプリンターでアレイを印刷した。ヒト細胞表面マーカーの抗体を、濃度0.5mg/mlで5つのスポットに印刷し、それぞれ、単一のスタンプを使用し、750μmの間隔があけられた。印刷後、アレイを4℃の加湿器で48時間水和し、次いで、室温で10分間乾燥させた。
TrypLE(商標)を用い、細胞を解離させた。Express(Invitrogen 12604)で4分間、その後、10%FBSのPBS溶液を用いてクエンチした。次いで、これらを、2μlのDNase(Ambion 2U/μl)を追加したヒト膵島媒体250〜500μl中、合計濃度約0.5×106細胞/mlでアレイに接種した。アレイ上で細胞をインキュベートする前に、印刷された領域を、1%BSAのPBS溶液を用いて3分間ブロックした。ブロック溶液を細胞懸濁物と置き換え、アレイを37℃で1時間インキュベートした。過剰な細胞を大量のPBSで除去し、アレイを4%パラホルムアルデヒド溶液中で10分間固定した。アレイ上の細胞を、0.2%トリトンX−100溶液に20分間に浸透させ、PBSで2回洗浄し、ブロックバッファー(2%FBS、2%BSA、50mMグリシンのPBS溶液)で45分間ブロックした。ブロック後、アレイをPBSで2回洗浄し、一次抗体:モルモット抗−インスリン(DAKO、A0564)およびウサギ抗−グルカゴン(DAKO、A0565)抗体を含むワーキングバッファー(1:10希釈したブロックバッファーに0.1%のトリトンを加えたもの)中、室温で2時間インキュベートした。一次抗体を除去し、アレイをワーキングバッファーを用いて3回洗浄した。次いで、室温で45分間インキュベートするために、ワーキングバッファーに二次抗体であるcy5ロバ抗−モルモット(Jackson ImmunoResearch 706−175−148)、AlexaFluor488ロバ抗−ウサギ(Jackson ImmunoResearch、711−545−152)を加えた。インキュベート期間の後、アレイをワーキングバッファーで3回洗浄し、自動化された高含量蛍光顕微鏡(IXmicro、MDC)を用いて画像化した。
種々の物理特性(例えば、蛍光特性)または他の光学特性、磁気特性、密度、電気特性などに従って、本発明の新規な分離方法に加え、またはこれと組み合わせて、細胞の分離を行ってもよい。細胞型は、蛍光活性化細胞選別(FACS)、タンパク質が接合した磁気ビーズ分離、形態学的基準、特異的な遺伝子発現パターン(RT−PCRを用いる)、または特異的な抗体染色を含め、種々の手段によって単離することができる。
分離のための手順は、抗体コーティングされた磁気ビーズを用いた磁気分離、アフィニティクロマトグラフィー、モノクローナル抗体に接続しているか、またはモノクローナル抗体と組み合わせて使用される細胞毒性薬剤(例えば、相補体および細胞毒)、および固体マトリックス(例えば、プレート)に接続した抗体を用いた「パニング」、または他の従来技術を含んでいてもよい。
分離に使用される抗体は、特定の細胞型の分離を容易にするために、マーカー(例えば、直接的な分離が可能な磁気ビーズ、支持体に結合したアビジンまたはストレプトアビジンを用いて除去化能なビオチン、蛍光活性化細胞選別と共に使用可能な蛍光色素など)と接続していてもよい。残った細胞の生存率に過度に有害ではない任意の技術を用いることができる。
[実施例1]
多能性幹細胞からインスリン産生細胞へと分化させるための手順
[実施例2]
インスリン+細胞の割合を濃縮する細胞表面マーカーを同定するための機能細胞捕捉スクリーン(FCCS)の使用
[実施例4]
リアルタイム定量PCRによる検証
[実施例5]
陰性選択マーカーの機能選別
[実施例6]
インビボで選別された細胞集合の分泌能の評価
皮膚は、胸郭の後ろの身体の左側方領域で斜めに切断され、続いて腹壁が切開された。
腹壁をVicryl 5−0縫合糸で縫合し、皮膚を創傷クリップで閉じた。手術後少なくとも48時間、疼痛緩和のために鎮痛薬を注射した。
皮膚は、脊椎に平行な胸郭の上の身体の左上の領域で切断される。皮下ポケットが作成され、デバイスが皮膚の下に挿入される。切開部を創傷クリップで閉じる。処置群におけるデバイスあたり移植された細胞の数:約5×106。手術後少なくとも48時間、疼痛緩和のために鎮痛薬を注射される。
[実施例7]
多能性幹細胞からインスリン産生細胞へと分化させるための代替的な手順
分化前の多能性幹細胞の成長
工程1 胚体内胚葉 3日間
工程2 原始腸管−2日間
工程3 後部前腸−2日間
工程4 膵臓前駆体−4日間
工程5 膵臓内分泌前駆体−3日間
工程6 β細胞様集合(PDX1+/NKX6.1+/インスリン+)の形成−8日間
工程7 β細胞様細胞(PDX1+/NKX6.1+/Ins+/MAFA+)の成熟
分化第20〜30日に、細胞の分化40〜60%がNKX6.1を発現し、40〜48%がC−ペプチドを発現した。細胞の15〜30%が、NKX6.1とC−ペプチドを同時に発現した(表3)。
CXCR4;Biolegend、306505
C−ペプチド;DSHB、GN−ID4
PDX1;BD、563436
NKX6.1,BD,563338
[実施例8]
陰性選択マーカーおよび陽性選択マーカーの両方の機能選別
Claims (17)
- インスリン、C−ペプチド、NKX6.1、ならびに膵臓および十二指腸のホメオボックス遺伝子1(PDX1)を発現する、膵臓内分泌細胞を濃縮するための方法であって、
(a)NKX6.1および/またはPDX1を発現する膵臓内分泌細胞を含むインビトロの細胞集合を、CD49Aの陽性細胞表面マーカーに結合するリガンド、ならびに任意に、CD26およびCD73からなる群から選択される陰性細胞表面マーカーに結合するリガンドにさらし、
(b)前記陽性細胞表面マーカーに結合するリガンドに結合し、任意に、前記陰性細胞表面マーカーに結合しない、前記インビトロの細胞集合から細胞を選択し、それによって、インスリン、C−ペプチド、NKX6.1、およびPDX1を発現する、膵臓内分泌細胞を濃縮すること
を含む、方法。 - 前記リガンドが、抗体またはその結合フラグメントである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体がモノクローナル抗体である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体がポリクローナル抗体である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記膵臓内分泌細胞がMAFAを発現する、請求項1〜4の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記リガンドが検出可能な標識と会合している、請求項1〜5の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記リガンドが磁性粒子と会合している、請求項1〜5の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が、蛍光活性化細胞選別(FACS)または磁気細胞選別(MACS)によって分離される、請求項1〜4の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜8の何れか1項に記載の方法に従って単離された、膵臓内分泌細胞の濃縮された集合。
- 請求項9に記載の膵臓内分泌細胞の集合を含む、糖尿病を治療するための医薬組成物。
- ヒト膵臓内分泌細胞が、胚性幹細胞、成体幹細胞または人工多能性幹細胞に由来の培養物から単離される委任細胞系統から誘導される培養物から単離される、請求項10に記載の医薬組成物。
- ステップ(a)の工程の前に、更に、ゼノフリー培養条件下で成長したヒト多能性細胞から前記インスリン、C−ペプチド、NKX6.1、およびPDX1を発現する、膵臓内分泌細胞を調製する工程であって、
(i)ゼノフリー成長培地中、ゼノフリー基材上で多能性細胞を培養する工程と、
(ii)少なくとも3種類の分化剤存在下、前記ヒト多能性幹細胞を懸濁物中で、前記インスリン、C−ペプチド、NKX6.1、およびPDX1を発現する、膵臓内分泌細胞に分化させる工程と
を含む、請求項1〜8の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記ゼノフリー基材が、ビトロネクチン、Synthemax、Cellstart、StemAdhere、Collagenおよびラミニンからなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記ゼノフリー成長培地が、NutriStemおよびE8培地からなる群から選択される、請求項12または13に記載の方法。
- 前記ヒト多能性細胞がEDTAによって解離される、請求項12〜14の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも3種類の分化剤が、アスコルビン酸、CHIR、Activin A、LDN−193189、ケラチノサイト成長因子(KGF)および重炭酸ナトリウムからなる群から選択される、請求項12〜15の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- アスコルビン酸が全ての分化プロセス中に添加される、請求項16に記載の方法。
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