JP6882322B2 - 低温液体の蒸発から生じるガスを処理し、ガスエンジンに加圧ガスを供給するシステム - Google Patents
低温液体の蒸発から生じるガスを処理し、ガスエンジンに加圧ガスを供給するシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP6882322B2 JP6882322B2 JP2018549821A JP2018549821A JP6882322B2 JP 6882322 B2 JP6882322 B2 JP 6882322B2 JP 2018549821 A JP2018549821 A JP 2018549821A JP 2018549821 A JP2018549821 A JP 2018549821A JP 6882322 B2 JP6882322 B2 JP 6882322B2
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 67
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 211
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004172 nitrogen cycle Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
上述したようなシステムの特定の変形は、膨張手段の下流に、膨張した流体における液相から気相を分離するドラムと;収集ベッセルに気相を導入して低温液体の蒸発から由来するガスと混合するためのラインと、収集ベッセルに導入する前にガス相を冷却するための熱交換器を供給するためのバイパスと、を提供する。
その圧縮の後、加圧された液体流れが液体流れの第1部分と液体流れの第2部分に分離され、液体流れの第1部分は、凝縮したガスの膨張の前に第2交換器内で圧縮され且つ凝縮したガスを冷却するために使用され、液体流れの第2部分は、後者が圧縮されたガスを冷却した後に、液体流れの第1部分を受け取り、液体流れの全てが蒸発されることを特徴とする方法を提案する。
再液化において効率を上昇させるために、有利には加圧された液体流れが、凝縮される前にガスを冷却するのに使用されることができる。
主回路は、ガス(気相であり、数barからおよそ50Bar−限定されない値−ほどの圧力)から、タンク1に戻すことができる液相のガスを得ることができる。
十分に圧縮されたガスは、続いて第1多流交換器17において冷却されて凝縮される。ガスは、第1交換器17において第1方向に循環する。(第1方向に対して)反対方向に循環してそれを冷却するために使用される流体は、後述される。
再液化ユニット10においては、多段式コンプレッサ(段階11,12,13)内で圧縮されたガスの冷却を保証することが重要である。この冷却は、例えばブレイトンサイクルによって作動する独特な熱力学的機械を使用し、冷媒として窒素を使用して、通常行われている。再液化ユニット10において、第1交換器17内のガスを冷却し凝縮するそのような冷却器を使用することができる。しかしながら、上記で言及されたように、冷媒として天然ガスを使用する冷却ループを備えた再液化ユニットを提供することが、ここで提案される。このループは、多段式コンプレッサ(段階11,12,13)の下流のガスの流れを、先述した主回路に相当する第1流れ又は主流と、第2流れ又は迂回流れに分離するバイパスダクト18から始まる。
上述したように、図示のシステムは、ガスエンジン、例えばMEGI型のエンジン(図示せず)に(高い)圧力でガスを供給するラインを有する。この供給ラインは、タンク1から始まる。低温液体(LNG)をダクト51に供給して高圧ポンプ48に導く水中ポンプ50によって、最初に供給される。高圧液体は、続いて、ダクト56によって蒸発器61に運ばれ、供給ダクト62によってMEGI型のエンジンに供給することができる高圧での蒸気(気相の天然ガス)を生成するために、例えば、スチームとの熱交換を生成する。
図7は、4つの熱交換器80a−dが、気相のガスを液化する前に冷却するために再液化ユニット10の主回路の異なる点に設けられる実施形態を提示する。交換器80aは、ここでは、多段式圧縮機の第1段階11で圧縮されたガスが、このコンプレッサの第2段階12に入る前に冷却することが意図される。交換器80bは、同様に、第2段階12と第3段階13との間に配置される。他の交換器80cは、多段式コンプレッサの下流であって、中間冷却器16の前又は後、且つ第1交換器17の前に配置される。最後に、ここでは、収集ベッセル2に戻るガスを冷却するために、熱交換器80dをリンクダクト35に配置することが提案される。
ここで提案されるシステムは、例えば、MEGI型のエンジンを供給するために、再液化ユニットと高圧ガス供給部との協働を提供する。これらの二つのサブシステムの間で相乗効果が生成され、一方がガスを液化する必要がある冷気を有し、他方が高圧で液体を蒸発させるエネルギーを要する。提案されるシステムは、再液化ユニットの効率性を増加させることができる、即ち、蒸発したガスの再液化を生成するために供給されることになる冷気に関して必要性を制限し、且つ同時にエンジン(高圧のガスで作動するMEGIエンジン又は他のシステム)に供給する高圧ガスを得る必要エネルギーを制限するために、再液化される蒸発したガスの割合を増加させることができる。
提案されたシステムは、窒素処理ユニット等を要さない。その構造は、再液化され、液化され、またエンジン(等)のための燃料として機能する、ガスと同一の種類の冷蔵ガスの使用により簡素化される。
Claims (14)
- 低温液体の蒸発から由来するガスを処理し、加圧されたガスをガスエンジンに供給するためのシステムであって、
前記システムは、一方で、上流から下流に、圧縮手段(11,12,13)を備えた再液化ユニット(10)と、第1熱交換器(17)と、膨張手段(30)と、を有し、
他方で、上流から下流に、前記液体を加圧するためのポンプ(48)と高圧蒸発手段(61)とを有する、加圧ガス供給ラインを有し、
前記加圧ガス供給ラインは、前記蒸発手段(61)の上流に、供給ライン(56)の加圧された液体と、前記第1熱交換器(17)の下流であり且つ前記膨張手段(30)の上流の前記再液化ユニット(10)のライン(22)との間に、第2熱交換器(60)を提供するためのバイパス(57)を有する、システム。 - 請求項1に記載されたシステムにおいて、
前記バイパス(57)は、前記第2交換器(60)の下流に冷却システムを供給する、システム。 - 請求項1に記載されたシステムにおいて、
前記第2交換器(60)の下流に、直列に取り付けられる第3熱交換器(70)を有する、システム。 - 請求項1又は2に記載されたシステムにおいて、
前記第2交換器(60)に並列に取り付けられる第3熱交換器(70)を有する、システム。 - 請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載されたシステムにおいて、
前記バイパス(57)は、前記第2交換器(60)に加えて、一又は複数の交換器にその再液化の前に冷却ガスを供給する、システム。 - 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載されたシステムにおいて、
前記膨張手段(30)の下流に、前記拡張された流体において液相から気相を分離するドラム(40)を有し、
ラインが、前記低温液体の蒸発から由来するガスと混合するために、前記気相を収集ベッセルに導入し、
前記バイパス(57)が、前記収集ベッセル(2)への導入の前に前記気相を冷却するための熱交換器(80dd´)を提供する、システム。 - 請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載されたシステムにおいて、
前記再液化ユニットは、前記圧縮手段(11,12,13)の下流に、第2膨張手段(14)を有するループへのバイパスを有し、
前記ループは、前記ループによって迂回されない回路におけるガスの一部とは反対方向に前記第1熱交換器(17)を通過した後に、前記圧縮手段(11,12,13)の上流の回路に再結合する、システム。 - 請求項7に記載されたシステムにおいて、
前記圧縮手段は、各々が圧縮ホイールを備えるいくつかの圧縮段階(11,12,13)を有し、
前記第2膨張手段は、膨張タービン(14)を有し、
各圧縮ホイール及び膨張タービン(14)は、同一の機械的トランスミッション(15)と関連付けられる、システム。 - 請求項3又は4に従属する請求項7又は8に記載されたシステムにおいて、
前記供給ライン(56)から迂回した加圧された液体と、前記圧縮手段(11,12,13)と前記第2膨張手段(14)との間のガスと、の間に前記第3熱交換器(70)を有する、システム。 - ガスエンジンによって推進される船であって、
請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載された、低温液体の蒸発から由来するガスを処理し、加圧されたガスをガスエンジンに供給するためのシステムを有する、船。 - 低温液体の蒸発から由来するガスの流れを処理し、高圧のガスを供給するための方法であって、
前記ガスの流れは、最初に圧縮され、続いて、膨張される前に第1熱交換器(17)において少なくとも部分的に冷却され且つ凝縮され、
前記高圧ガスの供給は、低温液体を加圧して蒸発させることによって提供され、
その圧縮の後、加圧された液体の流れは、液体の流れの第1部分と、液体の流れの第2部分に分離され、
前記液体の流れの第1部分は、前記凝縮したガスの膨張の前に第2交換器(60)において圧縮され且つ凝縮したガスを冷却するために使用され、
前記液体の流れの第2部分は、圧縮されたガスを冷却した後の前記液体の流れの第1部分を受け、前記液体の流れの全てが続いて蒸発される、方法。 - 請求項11に記載された方法において、
前記圧縮されたガスの、重さで半分以上が、前記第2交換器(60)で冷却される前に凝縮される、方法。 - 請求項11又は12に記載された方法において、
前記加圧された液体の流れは、凝縮される前のガスを冷却するためにも使用される、方法。 - 請求項11から13のいずれか一項に記載された方法において、
前記圧縮されたガスの一部は、膨張タービン(14)内で膨張されるために前記第1交換器内でタップされ、
前記膨張されたガスは、前記圧縮されたガスを冷却し、その凝縮を誘発するために逆方向に前記第1交換器(17)内に導入される、方法。
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PCT/FR2017/050669 WO2017162984A1 (fr) | 2016-03-23 | 2017-03-22 | Système de traitement d'un gaz issu de l'évaporation d'un liquide cryogénique et d'alimentation en gaz sous pression d'un moteur à gaz |
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FR3087525B1 (fr) * | 2018-10-22 | 2020-12-11 | Air Liquide | Procede de liquefaction d'un courant gazeux d'evaporation issu du stockage d'un courant de gaz naturel liquefie |
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