JP6881789B2 - 人工股関節用ステム及びステム設置方法 - Google Patents

人工股関節用ステム及びステム設置方法 Download PDF

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JP6881789B2
JP6881789B2 JP2019517356A JP2019517356A JP6881789B2 JP 6881789 B2 JP6881789 B2 JP 6881789B2 JP 2019517356 A JP2019517356 A JP 2019517356A JP 2019517356 A JP2019517356 A JP 2019517356A JP 6881789 B2 JP6881789 B2 JP 6881789B2
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stem
hip joint
artificial hip
variable
conversion unit
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JP2019531131A (ja
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マン キム,ドゥー
マン キム,ドゥー
デュク キム,ヒュン
デュク キム,ヒュン
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ケーシーアイエス カンパニー リミテッド
ケーシーアイエス カンパニー リミテッド
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    • A61F2250/0009Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof adjustable for adjusting thickness
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    • A61F2250/006Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for modular
    • A61F2250/0062Kits of prosthetic parts to be assembled in various combinations for forming different prostheses

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Description

本発明は人工股関節用ステム及びステム設置方法に関するもので、より詳しくは、人工股関節の中で大腿骨に挿入されるステムに関するもので、ステムが取り外し可能であり、縮小及び拡張が可能な構造を有することにより、大腿骨に挿入する際にステムを介して大腿骨に加わる衝撃が最小限に発生されるようにし、取り外す際にも容易に取り外すことができるようにする人工股関節用ステム及びステム設置方法に関するものである。
股関節は、骨盤と大腿骨とをつなぐ関節、骨盤の寛骨臼と大腿骨頭の間にはまり込んでいる関節で、上肢の肩関節に該当し、丸い大腿骨頭が寛骨臼にはまり込んでいるので、 切球関節に属する。
これらの股関節は、たくさん使用されるため大腿骨頭と寛骨臼との間にある軟骨が損傷されて頻繁に炎症が発生するが、通常変形性関節症という。
現在の変形性関節症の治療には、股関節の潤滑を補助したり、股関節の手術を通じて股関節の部分を人工器官で交換することを補助するためにNSAID dir、ヒアルロン酸または糖質コルチコイドの局部注入が含まれる。
また、股関節の骨折や退化などにより使用できなくなった場合には、関節置換術(joint replacement surgery)を利用して治療するが、解剖学上で臀部は球状関節であり、ここで「ボール(ball)」つまり、大腿骨関節は骨盤のカップ形状のソケットに挿入結合される。従って、これらの骨が軟化(ossifluece)されたり、折られる場合、股関節インプラントが外科的に挿入されて、股関節の損傷された天然骨と軟骨を代替する。
本質的に、股関節インプラントは、図1に示すように、構造的に4つの他の部分を備える。
天然寛骨臼(ヒップソケット)を代替する髀臼「キャップ」または「セル」とも知られている髀臼挿入インプラント、カップの内面を覆い、一般的にポリウレタン、セラミックまたは金属で製造されたライナー、天然大腿骨のシャフトの中に挿入されて大腿骨頸部を代替して再構築された関節のための安定性と移動を提供する金属ステム、天然大腿骨の頸部を代替する金属またはセラミックボールなどである。
このような人工股関節は、従来の大腿骨頭及び髀臼を代替するために、ステムは、大腿骨頭を一部切断して、その切断された大腿骨頭に穴を開けてステムを挿入して固定し、シェルも骨盤骨の髀臼を一部切断して代替することになる。
また、従来の場合、ステムを大腿骨に挿入する際に、ステムの外径よりも大腿骨に形成された穴の直径を小さく形成して大腿骨にステムを強制的に挿入する方式で結合する。
しかしながら、従来のステムを挿入する方式で大腿骨にステムを固定する場合、強制的に挿入することによって大腿骨に強い衝撃を与えて、高齢者などのように大腿骨の骨密度が弱い場合、ステムの挿入過程で大腿骨が損傷されるなどの問題点があった。
つまり、人工股関節が初期の強い固定力を保持するためには、大腿骨との密着力を向上させなければならないため、ステムの直径よりも大腿骨の穴を小さく形成することから発生する問題点である。
また、大腿骨に形成された穴をステムより小さく形成して強制的に嵌め込んで設置する必要があるが、実質的に穴の大きさが全部小さく形成されていなくてステムよりも大きい穴によって手術が失敗したことも頻繁に発生するという問題点があった。
また、人工股関節は、その使用時期によって再手術等を考慮しなければならないため、設置された人工股関節を取り外すための方法が模索されるべきであるが、従来の場合、すでに設置された人工股関節を取り外すことは非常に難しいという問題点があった。
この事は設置された人工股関節は時間が経つにつれて、骨の成長によって互いに固着されるか、または骨溶解の問題により人工股関節を施術した患者の再手術が必要な場合などにおいて人工股関節を分離することが非常に難しくなる。
このような人工股関節に関する従来技術として、韓国公開特許第10−2005−0100511号、韓国公開特許第10−2005−0100512号、及び韓国公開特許第10−2008−0084930号などが開示されており、手術方法等に関する技術として、韓国公開特許第10−2012−0085239号、韓国公開特許第10−2012−0062706号及び韓国公開特許第10−2014−0128939号が開示されており、このような従来の技術は前述した問題点を内包している。
本発明の目的は、前記のような従来の特性を改善するために提案されたものであり、人工股関節の中で大腿骨に挿入されるステムに関するもので、ステムが取り外し可能であり、縮小及び拡張が可能な構造を有することにより、大腿骨に挿入する際にステムを介して大腿骨に加わる衝撃が最小限に発生されるようにし、取り外す際にも容易に取り外すことができるようにする人工股関節用ステム及びステム設置方法を提供することにある。
また、本発明の他の目的は、挿入されたステムを分離することができるようにすることによって、再手術の際に分離される部分のみを除去して施術することができるか、人工股関節を完全に除去することが容易であり、施術にかかる時間及び施術による患者の苦痛と副作用を減少することができる人工股関節用ステム及びステム設置方法を提供することにある。
本発明は、前述した目的を達するために、以下のような構成を有する。
本発明の大腿骨頭または髀臼が損傷されて、これを代替するために用いられる人工股関節用ステムにおいて、前記人工股関節用ステムは、上部にヘッドを固定するヘッド固定部が突出され、上側に水平に開口された動作空間、及び前記動作空間と連結されるように垂直に貫通された頭挿入孔が構成されるステム本体と、前記頭挿入孔に挿入されて回転するネジ部と、前記動作空間に挿入されてねじ部と連結された状態で、ねじ部によって垂直に運動する動作変換部と、前記動作空間内に挿入されて、前記ねじ部が深さの変化なしに回転するように固定する固定ブラケットと、前記ステム本体の支持面に挿入されて動作変換部の動作によって水平方向の幅を調節する可変動作部と、前記可変動作部を動作変換部に固定させる可動ピンと、を含む。
そして、前記可変動作部は上端と下端が互いに異なるように拡張され、前記可変動作部は上端が下端よりも多く拡張される。
また、前記動作変換部はねじ部による昇降時に案内孔によって可動ピンを曲線運動させる。
そして、前記可動ピンは動作変換部に傾斜するように配置される。
また、前記動作変換部の案内孔と可動ピンの外周面は長さ方向に弯曲された形態である。
そして、前記案内孔と可動ピンは、可変動作部の拡張方向に半径を形成して弯曲される。
また、前記曲線運動は、次の式によって定められる。
Figure 0006881789
式において、Dは...≦である。
そして、前記ステム本体の上部には突出したカラーがさらに備えられることができて、カラーを通じて切断された大腿骨の上端断面にかけて安着されることができるようにしている。
一方、本発明は、人工股関節用ステムを利用した人工股関節用ステム設置方法において、1)ステム本体を加工された大腿骨頭上に挿入するステップと、2)挿入されたステム本体のねじ部を回転させて可変動作部をステム本体から拡張させるステップと、3)外部からの衝撃によってネジ部の緩みを防止するように固定するステップとを含む。
そして、前記2)ステップは、ねじ部の回転運動を可動ピンの曲線運動に変換して、可変動作部の上端と下端の拡張幅が異なるようにする。
また、前記2)ステップは、可変動作部の拡張方向に曲線を形成して拡張される。
本発明によれば、人工股関節の中で大腿骨に挿入されるステムに関するもので、ステムが取り外し可能であり、縮小及び拡張可能な構造を有するようにすることにより、大腿骨に挿入する際にステムを通じて大腿骨に加わる衝撃が最小限に発生されるようにし、取り外す際にも容易に取り外すことができるようにするという効果を奏する。
また、本発明によれば、挿入されたステムを縮小及び拡張させることができるようにすることによって、再手術の際にステムを大腿骨から容易に分離することが可能であるので、人工股関節を完全に除去することが容易であり、施術にかかる時間及び施術による患者の苦痛と副作用を減少することができるという効果を奏する。
従来の一般的な人工股関節を示す写真である。 本発明に係る人工股関節用ステムを示す斜視図である。 本発明に係る人工股関節用ステムを示す分解斜視図である。 本発明に係る人工股関節用ステムの設置状態を示す図面である。 本発明に係る人工股関節用ステムの設置状態を示す図面である。 本発明の人工股関節用ステムによる動作原理を示す図面である。 本発明の人工股関節用ステムによる曲線運動のための曲率半径を示すグラフである。
以下、本発明の好ましい実施例を添付された図面を参照してさらに詳しく説明する。本発明の実施例は様々な形態に変形されることができ、本発明の範囲が以下で説明する実施例に限定されるように解釈されてはならない。本実施例は、当該発明が属する技術分野において通常の知識を有する者に本発明をさらに詳しく説明するために提供されるものである。従って、図面に示した各要素の形状はより明確な説明を強調するために誇張されることができる。
第1、第2などの用語は、様々な構成要素を説明するために用いられることができるが、構成要素は用語によって限定されてはならない。用語は一つの構成要素を他の構成要素から区別する目的のみで用いられる。
本出願で用いた用語は、単に特定の実施例を説明するために用いられたものであり、本発明を限定する意図ではない。単数の表現は、文脈上明らかに異なる意味を有しない限り、複数の表現を含む。本出願で、「含む」または「有する」などの用語は、明細書上に記載された特徴、数字、ステップ、動作、構成要素、部品またはこれらを組み合わせたものが存在することを指定するのであり、一つまたはそれ以上の他の特徴や数字、ステップ、動作、構成要素、部品またはこれらを組み合わせたものの存在または付加可能性を予め排除しないものと理解されるべきである。
図2及び3に示したような本発明の人工股関節用ステム100は、ステム本体110、ネジ部120、動作変換部130、固定ブラケット140、可変動作部150及び可動ピン160で構成される。
前記ステム本体110は所定の長さを有し、下側に行くほど少しずつ直径が小さくなる形態を有し、上端で所定の傾斜角をもって突出してヘッド(図示せず)が結束されるヘッド固定部111が備えられる。
また、前記ステム本体110には、上側一部分が切開されて着脱されるようにする可変動作部150が備えられ、前記可変動作部150が結束されてスライド移動することができるように前記ステム本体110側に、前記可変動作部150と対応する形態の支持面112が形成され、前記支持面112側を所定の長さで水平に貫通するように動作空間113が形成され、前記動作空間113の上側に延長された形態の挿入空間114が形成され、前記挿入空間114側に連通するように前記ステム本体110の上部から垂直に開通された頭挿入孔115が形成される。
前記ステム本体110の上端一側には切断された大腿骨頭の上面が結着して支持されるカラー116がさらに備えられる。
そして、前記動作空間113の一側面には、第1ガイド面113aと第2ガイド面113bが段差状態に形成され、前記第1ガイド面113aと第2ガイド面113bを傾斜するように連結する止まり面113cが形成される。
前記ネジ部120は、前記ステム本体110の頭挿入孔115に挿入されるネジ頭121と、前記ねじ頭121から所定の長さで形成される雄ネジ122と、前記ねじ頭121と雄ねじ122との間で段差をもって形成される段差123a、123bと、前記段差の間に形成される挿入溝124とで構成される。
前記動作変換部130は矩形であり、外側一側には段差状のスライド面131a、131bが形成され、前記スライド面131a、131bを傾斜するように連結する係止面132が形成され、内側には一側に傾斜するように所定の長さを有し、水平方向に開口された案内孔133が形成され、前記案内孔133と連通するように上部から開口された雌ねじ134が形成される。
ここで、前記案内孔133は、傾斜した方向に弯曲された形態を有している。
前記固定ブラケット140は、前記挿入空間114内に位置し、前記ネジ部120の挿入溝124に挿入されて、ねじ部を支持するようにするもので、一対の突起141と、前記突起141の間に形成される溝142とで構成される。
前記可変動作部150は、前記ステム本体110の上側一部分を「
Figure 0006881789
」の形に切開して形成されたもので、内側挿入空間151内には、ステム本体110の支持面112と対応する案内面152が形成され、水平方向に貫通する一対の固定孔153が形成される。つまり、前記可変動作部150は、ステム本体に挿入されたとき、ステム本体の外周面と可変動作部の外周面が一体化された形態で配置される。
ここで、前記可変動作部の上端と下端は曲線形態を有している。
前記可動ピン160は所定の長さと幅を有し、断面形状が楕円形をしている。また、前記可動ピンは前記案内孔133のように曲線形態をしていて、前記案内孔133内でスライド動作することができる。
本発明の結合状態をみれば、まず、動作変換部130の摺動面131a、131bが前記動作空間113の第1ガイド面113aと第2ガイド面113bにそれぞれ密着するように挿入して止まり面132が止まり面113cに掛けられるようにする。
この状態で、頭挿入孔115側にネジ部120を挿入して雄ネジ122が雌ねじ134にねじ結合されるようにするとともに、固定ブラケット140を挿入空間114に挿入して溝142の間に挿入溝124が位置されることができるようにし、突起141の上端と下端が挿入溝124の間で段差123a、123bを支持することができるようにする。
この時、前記挿入空間114は、ステム本体110の側面で一側は開放され、一側は遮断された状態で、前記動作空間113で延長形成されて固定ブラケット140が挿入された時、遮断された側に突起が密着固定されることができるようにしている。
次に、可変動作部150の案内面152が支持面112と密着するようにステム本体側に挿入して動作変換部130の案内孔133と固定孔153が整列されるようにした後、前記固定孔153と案内孔を貫通して可動ピン160を挿入固定する。
ここで、前記案内孔133、固定孔153と可動ピン160は前記可変動作部150の幅方向の拡張方向に弯曲して傾斜された形態である。
前記案内孔、固定孔、可動ピンの曲線形状及び可変動作部の上端と下端が曲線であることについては、以下で具体的に説明する。
本発明の動作状態を説明し、本発明の設置方法について一緒に説明する。
一方、本発明は人工股関節用ステムを利用した人工股関節用ステム設置方法において、1)ステム本体を加工された大腿骨頭上に挿入するステップと、2)挿入されたステム本体のねじ部を回転させて可変動作部をステム本体から拡張させるステップと、3)外部からの衝撃によってネジ部の緩みを防止するように固定するステップとを含み、前記2)ステップは、ねじ部の回転運動を可動ピンの曲線運動に変換して、可変動作部の上端と下端の拡張幅が異なるようにすることができる。
また、前記2)ステップは、可変動作部が拡張方向に曲線を形成して拡張される。
以下、添付された図面を参照して、本発明の動作状態を説明する。
図4に示すように、損傷された大腿骨頭を切断し、大腿骨頭から所定の深さを有するように大腿骨に穴を穿孔してステムを挿入することができるようにした後、ステムの挿入具を利用して、穴にステムを挿入する。
この時、挿入されたステムが穴と密着するように挿入される場合には、そのまま利用することができるが、ステムの形状が弯曲された楔状をしていて、部分的または全体的に穴より小さく挿入される場合が頻繁に発生する。
つまり、医科的施術時にステムの形態と同じまたは類似するサイズの穴を穿孔することが非常に難しく、高難度の技術を要するので、大体ステムより穴が大きく形成される場合が頻繁に発生することになる。
このように穴がステムより大きく形成される場合、それに合わせてステムを適用することができない問題があるので、図5に示すように、挿入されたステムの上部に配置されたネジ部120を回転させて、前記ネジ部120の回転運動をねじ結合された動作変換部130を垂直運動に変換させた後、動作変換部130の下降によって案内孔133に挿入され、可変動作部150に固定された状態の可動ピン160を案内孔内でスライド移動させて可動ピンに連結された可変動作部150を幅方向の外側に押して、ステム本体110の外周面より突出されるようにする。
この時、突出される可変動作部150は、上端と下端がそれぞれ曲線形をしていて、可動ピンと案内孔も曲線形であるので、可動ピンが案内孔の曲線に沿って移動するだけ可変動作部も曲線で動くようになり、上端の突出幅W1が下端の突出幅W2よりたくさん突出されて拡張するようになるので、ステム本体110の外周面の曲線形状を保持し、穴のサイズに合わせて拡張されることが可能になる。
ここで、前記ステム本体の上部一側には、切断された大腿骨部の上面と密着して支持されるカラー116がさらに備えられることができる。
つまり、ネジ部の回転と同時に動作変換部が動作空間113内で垂直方向にスライドして下降すれば、下降する動作変換部の移動間隔だけ可動ピンが案内孔内でスライドするようになるが、可動ピンと案内孔はそれぞれ曲線形をしていて、曲線の動きだけ可動ピンと連結された可変動作部が曲線運動によってステム本体の外側に拡張することになる。
このような動作のためには可動ピンと案内孔が可変動作部の拡張方向に半径を形成して曲線を形成する必要があり、これに相応するように可変動作部の上端と下端が曲線形態を成さなければならない。
曲線の動きが相互干渉することなく行われるためには、次のような式を満足しなければならない。
次の式の説明のために、図6を参照すれば、図6の「A」はステム本体であり、「B」は可変動作部であり、「C」は可動ピン、案内孔及び動作変換部である。説明の便宜のために、「A」、「B」、「C」で表して説明する。
図6に示すように、特殊傾斜面は座標の原点を中心として回転運動をする。「B」で接触面の下端部の位置をa、上端部の位置をbとするとき、各位置の座標を円筒座標系で表す場合、
Figure 0006881789
でそれぞれ表すことができ、「C」の垂直運動で「B」がrだけ回転して移動される位置a` 、b`の座標をそれぞれ
Figure 0006881789
と定義するとき、a、bとa` 、b`は以下の関係を有する。
Figure 0006881789
また、「B」が膨張(拡張)されていない位置での接触面の式は次の式のように円で表すことができる。
Figure 0006881789
「C」が−y方向にμyだけ移動するとき、接触面は移動された接触面の式は次のように表すことができる。
Figure 0006881789
膨張前の「B」と「C」が互いに接触したとき、2点a、bは円の方程式を満足する。座標系で定義された点a、bを直角座標系で表す場合、次のように表すことができる。
Figure 0006881789
また、膨張後の位置は次のように表すことができる。
Figure 0006881789
Figure 0006881789
は式(1)の方程式を満足し、
Figure 0006881789
は式(2)を満足しなければならない。
Figure 0006881789
従って、座標原点を中心としてrだけ回転膨張する構造の人工股関節用ステムのためには式(3)〜(6)を満足することができるように点a、b、Rを決めなければならない。
点a、bで、ra、θa、rbは可変動作部の大きさを決める変数であって、設計の意図によって決めることができる変数である。
ra、θa、rbが決められたとき、膨張した後によく接触されることができるようにθb、Rを決めなければならない。
この工学的問題は、4つの方程式を同時に満足させる変数、θb、Rを見つける問題であるということができるが、実質的に数学的正解を求めることは不可能であるので、人工股関節の場合、金属間結合される構造体として、金属間結合時に接触して動作することができるようにする機械的誤差範囲よりも数学的なエラーが小さければ、数学的エラーが存在しても十分機械的に動作することができるので、それに準ずる値を求める式である。ここで組み立てのために許容可能な誤差を「e」としたとき、これを式(3)〜(6)に適用すれば、次の式のように表すことができる。
Figure 0006881789
式(7)でeJ2Reであるので、eを無視する場合、式(7)〜(10)は式(11)〜(14)のように表すことができる。
Figure 0006881789
式において、Dは...≦である。
式(11)〜(14)を満足する、θb、Rは数値解法を通じて計算されることができ、図7に示すようにグラフで導出して「B」と「C」の接点a、bをなすRのサイズを決めて、結果的に可変動作部の動作を導き出すことができる。
このように曲面を有し、曲面によって動きが形成される案内孔、可動ピン及び可変動作部を通じてステムの外周面を拡張することができるようにするだけでなく、下端と上端の拡張間隔を異なるようにすることにより、挿入されるステムが穴により精密で堅固に固定されることができるようにすることが可能である。
また、挿入されたステムを交換する場合にも、拡張された状態の可変動作部を再び縮小させて密着力を除去する場合、ステムの交換をより効率的に交換することが可能となる。
以上、本発明を好ましい実施例を通じて説明したが、これは本発明の技術的内容に対する理解を助けるためのものであって発明の技術的範囲をそれに限定するためのものではない。
即ち、本発明の技術的要旨を逸脱しなくても、当該発明が属する技術分野において通常の知識を有する者であれば、様々な変形や改造が可能であることはもちろん、そのような変更や改造は特許請求範囲の解釈上、本発明の技術的範囲内にあることは言うまでもない。

Claims (9)

  1. 大腿骨頭または髀臼が損傷されて、これを代替するために用いられる人工股関節用ステムにおいて、
    前記人工股関節用ステムは、
    上部にヘッドを固定するヘッド固定部が突出され、上側を水平に開口された動作空間、及び前記動作空間と連結するように垂直に貫通された頭挿入孔が構成されるステム本体と、
    前記頭挿入孔に挿入されて回転するネジ部と、
    前記動作空間に挿入されて、ねじ部と連結された状態で、ねじ部によって垂直運動する動作変換部と、
    前記動作空間内に挿入されて、前記ねじ部が深さの変化なしに回転するように固定する固定ブラケットと、
    前記ステム本体の支持面に挿入されて動作変換部の動作によって水平方向の幅を調節する可変動作部と、
    前記可変動作部を動作変換部に固定させる可動ピンと、を含むことを特徴とする人工股関節用ステム。
  2. 前記可変動作部は上端と下端が互いに異なるように拡張されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の人工股関節用ステム。
  3. 前記可変動作部は上端が下端よりも多く拡張されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の人工股関節用ステム。
  4. 前記動作変換部はねじ部によって昇降時に案内孔によって可動ピンを曲線運動させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の人工股関節用ステム。
  5. 前記可動ピンは動作変換部に傾斜するように配置されたことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の人工股関節用ステム。
  6. 前記動作変換部の案内孔と可動ピンの外周面は、長さ方向に弯曲された形態であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の人工股関節用ステム。
  7. 前記案内孔と可動ピンは可変動作部の拡張方向に半径を形成して弯曲されたことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の人工股関節用ステム。
  8. 前記曲線運動は以下の式によって定められることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の人工股関節用ステム。
    − 以下 −
    Figure 0006881789
    ここで、Dは...≦である。
  9. 前記ステム本体の上部には突出したカラーがさらに備えられたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の人工股関節用ステム。
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IL265878B2 (en) 2023-03-01
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US11141280B2 (en) 2021-10-12
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