JP6867804B2 - Electrophotographic members and electrophotographic image forming equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic member and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus used in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus such as a copier and a printer.

A method using a cleaning blade is known as a method for cleaning the toner-supporting surface of an electrophotographic member that supports toner on its surface, such as an intermediate transfer body (Patent Document 1).
On the other hand, it has been proposed that the electrophotographic member contains an acrylic resin in the surface layer constituting the toner-supporting surface in order to improve the transfer efficiency and abrasion resistance of the toner (Patent Document 2).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-177584 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-316371

The present inventors have examined an electrophotographic member having a surface layer containing an acrylic resin, and found that when a negatively charged toner (hereinafter, also referred to as “negative toner”) is used for forming an electrophotographic image, the present invention is used. It was difficult to remove the negative toner adhering to the toner-supporting surface of the surface layer with a cleaning blade.

Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic member having a surface having excellent wear resistance and whose surface can be easily cleaned by a cleaning blade. Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic image forming apparatus that contributes to the formation of a high-quality electrophotographic image.

。
また、本発明によれば、アクリル樹脂およびメタクリル樹脂の少なくとも一方の樹脂と負帯電性の荷電制御剤とを含む表面層を備え、該表面層の厚みが０．１〜５μｍであり、かつ、該表面層の表面に、該荷電制御剤に起因する、高さが１５μｍを超える凸部を有しない電子写真用部材の製造方法であって、
ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ（メタ）アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリ（メタ）アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラ（メタ）アクリレート、イソシアヌル酸ＥＯ変性ジ（メタ）アクリレート、および、イソシアヌル酸ＥＯ変性トリ（メタ）アクリレートからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種の多官能（メタ）アクリレートと、式（１）で示される構造を有する負帯電性の荷電制御剤を含む表面層形成用塗料の塗膜を硬化させて該表面層を形成する工程を有することを特徴とする電子写真用部材の製造方法が提供される：

。

According to one aspect of the present invention, the electrophotographic member includes a surface layer containing at least one of an acrylic resin and a methacrylic resin.
The resin is dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, isocyanuric acid EO-modified di (meth) acrylate, and isocyanuric acid EO-modified tri (meth) acrylate. A polymer of at least one polyfunctional (meth) acrylate selected from the group consisting of
The surface layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 5 μm and has a thickness of 0.1 to 5 μm.
The surface layer further contains a negatively charged charge control agent having a structure represented by the formula (1) , and the surface of the surface layer is convex with a height of more than 15 μm due to the charge control agent. An electrophotographic member characterized by having no part is provided:

..
Further, according to the present invention, a surface layer containing at least one of an acrylic resin and a methacrylic resin and a negatively charged charge control agent is provided, the thickness of the surface layer is 0.1 to 5 μm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 0.1 to 5 μm. A method for manufacturing an electrophotographic member having no convex portion having a height of more than 15 μm due to the charge control agent on the surface of the surface layer.
From the group consisting of dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, isocyanuric acid EO-modified di (meth) acrylate, and isocyanuric acid EO-modified tri (meth) acrylate. The surface layer is formed by curing a coating film of a surface layer forming paint containing at least one polyfunctional (meth) acrylate selected and a negatively charged charge control agent having a structure represented by the formula (1). A method for manufacturing an electrophotographic member is provided, which comprises a step of forming:

..

According to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to obtain an electrophotographic member which is excellent in wear resistance of the surface and whose surface can be easily cleaned by a cleaning blade. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain an electrophotographic image forming apparatus capable of stably forming a high-quality electrophotographic image.

It is schematic cross-sectional view of the electrophotographic member which concerns on one aspect of this invention. It is the schematic of the stretch blow molding machine which can be used for manufacturing the electrophotographic member which concerns on one aspect of this invention.

The present inventors consider the reason why it is difficult to remove the negative toner adhering to the surface of the surface layer of the electrophotographic member having the surface layer containing the acrylic resin by the cleaning blade as follows. That is, since the acrylic resin in the surface layer is easily positively charged, the negative charge amount of the negative toner in contact with the surface layer is high. As a result, the electrostatic attraction between the surface layer and the negative toner is increased, and the negative toner is electrostatically and firmly adhered to the surface of the surface layer.
Based on these considerations, the present inventors have the property of increasing the negative charge amount of the negative toner caused by the acrylic resin in the surface layer by incorporating a negative charge control agent in the surface layer. Considered mitigation. As a result, it was effective in alleviating the positive chargeability of the surface layer. However, on the surface of the surface layer, a convex portion having a height of more than 15 μm due to the charge control agent may be formed. When applied to an intermediate transfer body, for example, an electrophotographic member having such a convex portion on the surface reduces the efficiency of primary transfer or secondary transfer of toner, and also improves the cleanability of the surface by a cleaning blade. May also be reduced.
It is considered that such a convex portion is derived from the compatibility between the acrylic monomer or the acrylic oligomer which is the raw material of the acrylic resin and the charge control agent. Therefore, as a result of further studies, by finding a negatively charged charge control agent having excellent compatibility with acrylic monomers and acrylic oligomers, a convex portion having a height derived from the charge control agent exceeding 15 μm is found on the surface. We have come to obtain an electrophotographic member that does not have.

The electrophotographic member according to one aspect of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a layer structure of an endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body (hereinafter, also referred to as “intermediate transfer belt”) according to one aspect of the electrophotographic member according to the present invention. The intermediate transfer material has a base layer a1 and a surface layer a2 on the base layer containing at least one of an acrylic resin and a methacrylic resin.

<< Paint for forming surface layer >>
The surface layer can be formed, for example, by forming a coating film of a coating film for forming a surface layer on the surface of the base layer a1 and curing the coating film.

<Components of paint for forming surface layers>
The surface layer forming paint for forming a surface layer containing at least one resin of an acrylic resin or a methacrylic resin and a negatively charged charge control agent includes at least one of the monomer of the resin and the oligomer of the resin. Includes a negatively charged charge control agent. Further, if necessary, a conductive agent, a solvent, a radical polymerization initiator, and other components may be contained. Each component will be described below.

monomer;
As the resin monomer, a polyfunctional (meth) acrylic monomer capable of imparting excellent abrasion resistance and abrasion resistance to the surface of the surface layer can be preferably used. The (meth) acrylic monomer means an acrylic monomer or a methacrylic monomer. Specific examples of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylic monomer include pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, EO-modified trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, and PO. Examples thereof include modified trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, isocyanuric acid EO-modified di (meth) acrylate, and isocyanuric acid EO-modified tri (meth) acrylate. .. Among these, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate and dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate are preferable monomers because they can impart better wear resistance to the surface layer.
Further, at least two selected from the above-mentioned monomer group may be used in combination.
Further, as the resin oligomer, one obtained by polymerizing the above-mentioned monomer and having a weight average molecular weight of about 500 to 40,000 can be used.

Negative charge control agent;
As a negatively charged charge control agent that can alleviate the "easy to be positively charged" property of the surface layer containing an acrylic resin or methacrylic resin and has excellent compatibility with the above-mentioned monomers and oligomers, for example, a structural formula ( Examples thereof include the compound represented by I) (boro-bis (1,1-diphenyl-1-oxo-acetyl) potassium salt).

Conductive agent;
The conductive particles as the conductive agent that may be contained in the surface layer are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include metal oxide-based, carbon-based, and conductive polymer-based conductive particles. The conductive particles are conductive substances that form a conductive path in the matrix without being compatible with the matrix, and are conductive even if they have a high aspect ratio such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers. Included in the particles. Specific examples are listed below. Zinc Antimonate Particles, Gallium Doped Zinc Oxide Particles, Antimony Doped Tin Oxidized Particles, Indium Doped Tin Oxidized Particles, Lindoped Tin Oxidized Particles, Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide Oxide Particles, Niobdo Doped Tin Oxidized Particles, Fluorine Doped Tin Oxidized Particles , Ketjen Black, acetylene black, carbon nanotubes, carbon fiber, polypyrrole, polythiophene, etc. Further, a plurality of types of the above conductive particles may be used.

solvent;
A solvent is usually added to the acrylic resin composition in order to dissolve the acrylic monomer and the charge control agent and adjust the viscosity so that it can be easily applied to the base layer. The solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the acrylic monomer and the charge control agent, but a ketone solvent such as acetone, 2-butanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, cyclohexanone and the like is particularly preferable. Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene, alcoholic solvents such as butanol and octanol, and esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl lactate, γ-butyrolactone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate and propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate. Etc., or a mixed solvent thereof can be mentioned.

Radical polymerization initiator;
Examples of the radical polymerization initiator for initiating the polymerization of the acrylic monomer include a compound that thermally generates an active radical species (thermal polymerization initiator), a compound that generates an active radical species by radiation (light) irradiation, and the like ( Radiation (light) polymerization initiator) can be mentioned.

The radiation (light) polymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it is decomposed by light irradiation to generate radicals to initiate polymerization, and examples thereof include the following.
Acetphenone, acetophenone benzyl ketal, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone, 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethane-1-one, xanthone, fluorenone, benzaldehyde, fluorene, anthraquinone, triphenylamine, carbazole, 3-methylacetophenone , 4-Chlorobenzophenone, 4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, 4,4'-diaminobenzophenone, benzoin propyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzyl dimethyl ketal, 1- (4-isopropylphenyl) -2-hydroxy-2-methyl Propane-1-one, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropane-1-one, thioxanthone, diethylthioxanthone, 2-isopropylthioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) Phenyl] -2-morpholino-propane-1-one, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) -butanone-1,4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl- (2-hydroxy) -2-propyl) ketone, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, bis- (2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl) -2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphine oxide, oligo (2-hydroxy-2) −Methyl-1- (4- (1-methylvinyl) phenyl) propanone) and the like can be mentioned.

The amount of the radical polymerization initiator to be blended is preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (meth) acrylate monomer, and 0.1 parts by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less is further added. preferable. If the blending amount is less than 0.01 parts by mass, the hardness of the cured product may be insufficient, and if it exceeds 10 parts by mass, the hardness of the cured product shall not be cured to the inside (lower layer). There is.

Others If necessary, other components can be added to the acrylic resin composition as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. For example, a polymerization inhibitor, a polymerization initiator, a leveling agent, a wettability improver, a surfactant, a plasticizer, an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, an antistatic agent, an inorganic filler, a pigment and the like can be blended.

<Preparation method of paint for surface layer formation>
The method for preparing the coating material for forming the surface layer is not particularly limited, but it is preferably produced as follows. Resin monomers and oligomers, negatively charged charge control agents, solvents, polymerization initiators, and other components are placed in a container equipped with a stirrer with the formulation described below, and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to obtain an acrylic resin composition. ..

<Applying method>
Examples of the method of applying the paint to the surface of the base layer of the electrophotographic member include ordinary coating methods such as dip coating, spray coating, flow coating, shower coating, roll coating and spin coating.

<Curing method>
The coating film of the paint can be cured by heat or radiation (light, electron beam, etc.) depending on the type of initiator contained in the paint. There is no particular limitation as long as it is an active radiation capable of imparting energy capable of generating a polymerization initiation species, and broadly includes α-rays, γ-rays, X-rays, ultraviolet rays (UV), visible rays, electron beams and the like. Is. Among them, ultraviolet rays and electron beams are preferable, and ultraviolet rays are particularly preferable, from the viewpoint of curing sensitivity and availability of an apparatus.

<< Base layer >>
The thickness of the base layer is preferably 10 to 500 μm, particularly preferably 30 to 150 μm in order to better maintain the flexibility of the intermediate transfer belt. The thickness of the surface layer is preferably 0.05 to 20 μm, particularly preferably 0, from the viewpoint of better maintaining the flexibility of the intermediate transfer belt and further improving the wear resistance of the surface. .1 to 5 μm.
In addition, there may be another layer between the base layer and the surface layer.
The resin used for the base layer is not particularly limited. Specific examples include, for example, polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyamide (PA), polylactic acid (PLLA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). ), Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polycarbonate (PC), fluororesin (PVdF, etc.).

In the base layer, as other optional components, an ionic conductive agent (for example, a high molecular weight ionic conductive agent, a surfactant), a conductive polymer, an antioxidant (for example, a hindered phenol type, a phosphorus, a sulfur type) , Ultraviolet absorbers, organic pigments, inorganic pigments, pH adjusters, cross-linking agents, compatibilizers, mold release agents (eg silicone-based, fluorine-based), cross-linking agents, coupling agents, lubricants, insulating fillers (eg oxidation) Zinc, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, barium titanate, potassium titanate, strontium titanate, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, talc, mica, clay, kaolin, hydrotalcite, silica, alumina, Ferrite, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, nickel carbonate, glass powder, quartz powder, glass fiber, alumina fiber, potassium titanate fiber, fine particles of thermosetting resin), conductive filler (for example, carbon black, carbon fiber, conductive) Titanium oxide, conductive tin oxide, conductive mica), and an ionic liquid may be contained.

<Manufacturing method of base layer>
The method for producing the base layer is not particularly limited, and a molding method suitable for various resins may be used. For example, extrusion molding, inflation molding, blow molding, centrifugal molding and the like can be mentioned.

<< Preparation of base layer >>
The base layer was prepared by blow molding as follows.
First, using a twin-screw extruder (trade name: TEX30α, manufactured by Japan Steel Works, Ltd.), the following resin materials:
PEN: Polyethylene terephthalate (trade name: TR-8550, manufactured by Teijin Kasei Co., Ltd.); 100 parts by mass PEEA: polyether ester amide (trade name: Perestat NC6321, manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.); 20 parts by mass Perchlorate Lithium acid (trade name: lithium perchlorate, manufactured by Nippon Carlit Co., Ltd.); 2 parts by mass carbon (trade name: MA-100, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation); 1 part by mass is thermally melted and kneaded for thermoplasticity A resin composition was prepared. The heat melting and kneading temperature was adjusted to be within the range of 260 ° C. or higher and 280 ° C. or lower, and the hot melting and kneading time was set to about 3 to 5 minutes. The obtained thermoplastic resin composition was pelletized and dried at a temperature of 140 ° C. for 6 hours. Next, the dried pellet-shaped thermoplastic resin composition was put into an injection molding apparatus (trade name: SE180D, manufactured by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd.). Then, the cylinder set temperature was set to 295 ° C., and injection molding was performed in a mold whose temperature was adjusted to 30 ° C. to produce a preform. The obtained preform had a test tube shape having an outer diameter of 20 mm, an inner diameter of 18 mm, and a length of 150 mm.

Next, the above preform is biaxially stretched using the biaxial stretching apparatus (stretching blow molding machine) shown in FIG. Prior to biaxial stretching, the preform 104 is placed in a heating device 107 provided with a non-contact heater (not shown) for heating the outer and inner walls of the preform 104, and the heating heater is used to outside the preform. It was heated so that the surface temperature became 120 ° C.
Next, the heated preform 104 was placed in a blow die 108 whose mold temperature was maintained at 30 ° C., and stretched in the axial direction using a stretching rod 109. At the same time, air 114 whose temperature was adjusted to 23 ° C. was introduced into the preform from the blow air injection portion 110 to extend the preform 104 in the radial direction. In this way, a bottle-shaped molded product 112 was obtained.
Next, the body of the obtained bottle-shaped molded product 112 was cut to obtain a seamless base layer of the conductive belt. The thickness of the base layer of this conductive belt was 70 μm. The surface resistivity of the base layer was 1.0 × 10 ¹¹ Ω / □.

<< Formation of surface layer >>
The method for producing the surface layer is not particularly limited as described in the section of the coating method, but in the following Examples and Comparative Examples, a dip coat was used.
The base layer obtained by the above blow molding is fitted into the outer periphery of the cylindrical mold, the ends are sealed, and the mold is immersed in a container filled with the acrylic resin composition, and the liquid surface and the base layer of the acrylic resin composition are immersed. A coating film of the acrylic resin composition was formed on the surface of the base layer by raising the relative velocity of the acrylic resin composition to be constant. The pulling speed (relative speed between the liquid level of the acrylic resin composition and the base layer), the solvent ratio of the acrylic resin composition, and the like were adjusted according to the required film thickness.

In the following examples and comparative examples, the pulling speed was set to 10 to 50 mm / sec, and the film thickness of the surface layer was adjusted to be about 3 μm. The acrylic resin composition was blended with the composition shown in Table 1. After forming the coating film, it was dried in an environment of 23 ° C. and exhaust for 1 minute. The drying temperature and drying time were appropriately adjusted from the solvent type, solvent ratio, film thickness, and the like. Then, a UV irradiator (trade name: UE06 / 81-3, manufactured by Eye Graphic Co., Ltd.) was used for the coating film, and ultraviolet rays were irradiated until ^{the integrated light amount reached 600 mJ / cm 2, and the coating film was cured.} The thickness of the obtained surface layer was 3 μm as a result of observing the cross section with an electron microscope.

<< Evaluation method >>
<Charging amount of negative toner>
A set of 100 mm square intermediate transfer bodies fixed to an aluminum plate was prepared, toner was sandwiched between the intermediate transfer bodies and the intermediate transfer body, a load of 500 grams was applied, and then one intermediate transfer was applied. The body was slid in the parallel direction and reciprocated 5 times, then the sliding direction was changed to the orthogonal direction and reciprocated 5 times, and the toner was triboelectrically charged by the intermediate transfer body. As the negative toner, a yellow toner of HP LaserJet Pro 400 color Printer M451dw (manufactured by HP) was used.
Next, the charge amount of the triboelectric toner was measured by Model 212HS Q / mMETER (manufactured by Trek). The weight was measured with an electronic balance, and the amount of charge Q / M (μC / g) per unit weight was calculated.

<Magnificent adhesion between intermediate transfer material and toner>
Although it is not the adhesive force itself, centrifugal force was applied to the intermediate transfer material to which the toner was attached, and how much toner remained was measured, and the magnitude of the adhesive force was compared.
As a condition, the intermediate transfer body to which the charged toner is attached is centrifuged at 1000 G using a centrifugal force type adhesive force measuring device NS-C200 (manufactured by Nanoseeds Co., Ltd.) in the same manner as the above-mentioned method for evaluating the negative toner charge amount. The difference in the number of toners before and after applying the force was confirmed, and the residual rate (%) of the toner after 1000 G weighting was calculated. The residual rate refers to the number of toners on the intermediate transfer body counted in one field of view of the microscope attached to the adhesive force measuring device before applying a centrifugal force of 1000 G, and similarly at the same location after applying a centrifugal force of 1000 G. The number of toners in one field of view of the microscope was counted, and the residual rate of toner was derived from the change in the number of toners before and after.

<Blade cleaning property>
An intermediate transfer member was incorporated into the HP COLOR LASERJET CP 3525dn (manufactured by HP), and image drawing was performed to confirm the presence or absence of cleaning defects and the presence or absence of defects on the image.
The paper used was Vitality (manufactured by Xerox).
Those with no toner cleaning failure at the cleaning blade and no defects on the image can be confirmed as A, those with poor toner cleaning at the cleaning blade and can be confirmed as streaks (line) -shaped image defects on the image. B, and C was defined as having a toner cleaning defect in the cleaning blade portion and being confirmed as a band-shaped image defect on the image.

<Buts>
After visually identifying the position of the lumps on the surface of the obtained intermediate transfer material, the shape was measured with a confocal microscope OPTELICS C130 (manufactured by Lasertec), and the number of lumps with a height of 15 μm or more was equivalent to one intermediate transfer material. Totaled per. In the confocal microscope, a 10x objective lens was used, and the difference in height between the peak top and the flat portion of the shape profile was defined as the height of the lump. In addition, the lumps caused by other than the charge control agent in the surface layer, such as the lumps in the base layer, were judged by observation and analysis as appropriate, and were excluded from the number of this evaluation.

[Examples 1 to 5, Comparative Examples 1 to 5, Reference Example 1]
Examples, Comparative Examples, and Reference Examples are shown below to explain the present invention in detail, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Table 1 shows the compounding ratios of the materials constituting the acrylic resin composition for forming the surface layer used in Examples, Comparative Examples, and Reference Examples. A surface layer was prepared on the base layer by the above-mentioned method according to the materials and compounding ratios shown in Table 1, and an intermediate transfer product was prepared.

なお、表１に示す各材料は下記を使用した
アクリル１：「カヤラッドＤＰＨＡ」（商品名、日本化薬株式会社製）
アクリル２：「アロニックス Ｍ−３０５」（商品名、東亞合成株式会社製）
アクリル３：「アロニックス Ｍ−３１３」（商品名、東亞合成株式会社製）
電荷制御剤１：負帯電性荷電制御剤 ボロ−ビス（１，１−ジフェニル−１−オキソ−アセチル）カリウム塩 日本カーリット株式会社製
電荷制御剤２：負帯電性荷電制御剤 アゾ鉄錯体 「Ｔ１５９」（商品名、保土ヶ谷化学社製）
電荷制御剤３：負帯電性荷電制御剤 「Ｔ８」（商品名、保土ヶ谷化学社製）
シリカ：オルガノシリカゾル 「ＭＥＫ−ＳＴ−ＺＬ」（商品名、日産化学社製）
溶剤：２−ブタノン 特級 （キシダ化学株式会社製）
光重合開始剤：「イルガキュア９０７」（商品名、ＢＡＳＦ社製）

The materials shown in Table 1 are acrylic 1: "Kayarad DPHA" (trade name, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.).
Acrylic 2: "Aronix M-305" (trade name, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.)
Acrylic 3: "Aronix M-313" (trade name, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.)
Charge control agent 1: Negative charge control agent Boro-bis (1,1-diphenyl-1-oxo-acetyl) potassium salt Made by Carlit Japan Co., Ltd. Charge control agent 2: Negative charge control agent azo iron complex "T159" (Product name, manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.)
Charge control agent 3: Negative charge control agent "T8" (trade name, manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.)
Silica: Organo silica sol "MEK-ST-ZL" (trade name, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
Solvent: 2-butanone special grade (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.)
Photopolymerization initiator: "Irgacure 907" (trade name, manufactured by BASF)

The evaluation of the intermediate transcripts of the prepared Examples, Comparative Examples, and Reference Examples was evaluated by the method described above. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of Examples, Comparative Examples, and Reference Examples.

In the intermediate transcripts according to Examples 1 to 5 to which the charge control agent 1 was added, the amount of charge of the negative toner was small, and the toner residual rate after 1000 G loading was as low as about 70%. Therefore, it is considered that the toner is easily scraped off by the blade, and further, since there is no lump caused by the charge control agent, a defect on the image due to poor cleaning of the toner at the cleaning blade portion could not be confirmed.

In the intermediate transcripts according to Comparative Examples 1 to 3 to which no charge control agent was added, the amount of charge of the negative toner was large, and the toner residual ratio after 1000 G loading was as high as about 100%. Therefore, it is considered that the toner is hard to be scraped off by the blade. There was a poor toner cleaning at the cleaning blade, and it was confirmed as a band-shaped image defect.

In the intermediate transcripts according to Comparative Examples 4 to 5 to which the charge control agents 2 and 3 were added, the amount of charge of the negative toner was small, and the toner residual rate after 1000 G loading was as low as about 70%. Therefore, it is considered that the toner is easily scraped off by the blade, but there are some lumps caused by the charge control agent. There was a poor toner cleaning at the cleaning blade, and it was confirmed as a streak (line) -shaped image defect. Toner slip-through occurred starting from the lumps, and the lumps caused streak-like image defects.

In the intermediate transfer material according to Reference Example 1 to which silica was added, the charge amount of the negative toner was −45 μC / g, and the toner residual rate after 1000 G loading was also 94%. It is considered that the toner is difficult to scrape off by the blade. There was a poor toner cleaning at the cleaning blade, and it was confirmed as a band-shaped image defect.

a1 base layer a2 surface layer

104 Preform 107 Heating device 108 Blow mold 109 Stretch rod 110 Blow air injection part 112 Bottle-shaped molded product 114 Air

Claims (2)

An electrophotographic member having a surface layer containing at least one of an acrylic resin and a methacrylic resin.
The resin is dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, isocyanuric acid EO-modified di (meth) acrylate, and isocyanuric acid EO-modified tri (meth) acrylate. A polymer of at least one polyfunctional (meth) acrylate selected from the group consisting of
The surface layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 5 μm and has a thickness of 0.1 to 5 μm.
The surface layer further contains a negatively charged charge control agent having a structure represented by the formula (1).
An electrophotographic member characterized in that the surface of the surface layer does not have a convex portion having a height of more than 15 μm due to the charge control agent:

.. A surface layer containing at least one resin of an acrylic resin and a methacrylic resin and a negatively charged charge control agent is provided, the thickness of the surface layer is 0.1 to 5 μm, and the surface of the surface layer is covered with the above. A method for manufacturing an electrophotographic member having no convex portion having a height of more than 15 μm due to a charge control agent.
From the group consisting of dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, isocyanuric acid EO-modified di (meth) acrylate, and isocyanuric acid EO-modified tri (meth) acrylate. The surface layer is formed by curing a coating film of a surface layer forming paint containing at least one polyfunctional (meth) acrylate selected and a negatively charged charge control agent having a structure represented by the formula (1). A method for manufacturing an electrophotographic member, which comprises a step of forming:

..

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