JP6862414B2 - 生物学的組織のモニタされた特性に基づく処置の実行 - Google Patents
生物学的組織のモニタされた特性に基づく処置の実行 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2015年9月2日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/213,423号の利益を主張するものであり、それは参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
この処置は、第1の眼球構成要素の硬さを増加させる処置を含む;
第1の眼球構成要素の硬さを増加させる処置は、眼の角膜のクロスリンキングを含む;
処置は、第1の眼球構成要素の硬さを減少させる処置を含む;
第1の眼球構成要素の硬さを減少させる処置は、切開を含む。
a.先天性乱視
b.白内障手術時またはその後残存する角膜乱視
c.外傷後の乱視
d.角膜移植後の乱視
e.角膜屈折矯正手術後の乱視
a.眼の前房または後房にアクセスするための一次切開(例えば、角膜輪部の切開、角膜穿刺、または強膜穿刺)
b.二次切開−誘発+既存の乱視を矯正するAK(LRIまたはAI)
i.貫通式の切開(例えば、上皮層を含む前面からなされる角膜の切除)
ii.角膜実質内切開(例えば、角膜実質層内で行われる切除、例えばスマイル(SMILE;small incision lenticule extraction)、ポケット、ガイド用平面、アクセスポートなどのための切開として)
LRIやAIを含むAKは、先天性乱視、白内障の手術時またはその後の残存する角膜乱視、外傷後の乱視および角膜移植後の乱視を治療するために使用される外科手術である。
Claims (27)
- 眼の少なくとも1つの眼球構成要素のモニタされた特性に基づいて処置を実行するための器具であって、
前記眼の第1の眼球構成要素の少なくとも1つのセクションに処置を実行するように構成された少なくとも1つの第1の装置と、
前記第1の眼球構成要素の少なくとも1つの音波と相互作用するように、前記第1の眼球構成要素の前記少なくとも1つのセクションに少なくとも1つの第1の電磁放射線を提供するように構成された少なくとも1つの第2の装置であって、少なくとも1つの第2の電磁放射線が前記相互作用に基づいて生成される装置と、
前記少なくとも1つの第2の電磁放射線の複数の部分を受けるように構成された少なくとも1つの第3の装置であって、各部分が前記第1の眼球構成要素の前記少なくとも1つのセクションの異なる対応するセグメントから放射された装置と、
前記第1の眼球構成要素の前記少なくとも1つのセクションに実行される前記処置の間に前記複数の部分に基づいて前記第1の眼球構成要素の前記少なくとも1つのセクションの粘弾性率をモニタするよう構成される少なくとも1つの第4の装置と
を含む器具であって、
前記第1の装置が前記モニタされた粘弾性率に少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記処置にフィードバックを適用するようさらに構成され、(1)前記セグメントの粘弾性率の異なるそれぞれのモニタされた値に基づいて切開の軌道をガイドすること、または(2)前記セグメントの粘弾性率の異なるそれぞれのモニタされた値に基づいて行われるいくつかの切開を決定することのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、器具。 - 前記処置が、前記第1の眼球構成要素の硬さを増加させる処置を含む、請求項1に記載の器具。
- 前記第1の眼球構成要素の硬さを増加させる前記処置が、前記眼の角膜のクロスリンキングを含む、請求項2に記載の器具。
- 前記処置が、前記第1の眼球構成要素の硬さを減少させる処置を含む、請求項1に記載の器具。
- 前記第1の眼球構成要素の硬さを減少させる前記処置が切開を含む、請求項4に記載の器具。
- 前記モニタされた粘弾性率に少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記処置にフィードバックを適用することは、前記セグメントの粘弾性率の異なるそれぞれのモニタされた値に基づいて前記切開の軌道をガイドすることを含む、請求項5に記載の器具。
- 前記軌道をガイドすることが、前記軌道の少なくとも一部の曲率半径、または前記軌道の長さのうちの少なくとも1つを決定することを含む、請求項6に記載の器具。
- 前記モニタされた粘弾性率に少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記処置にフィードバックを適用することは、前記セグメントの粘弾性率の異なるそれぞれのモニタされた値に基づいて行われるいくつかの切開を決定することを含む、請求項5に記載の器具。
- 前記切開が、キャビテーション気泡の生成に基づいて前記第1の眼球構成要素の光学的破壊を誘発するレーザ切開を含む、請求項5に記載の器具。
- 前記切開が、前記第1の眼球構成要素の機械的破壊を誘発する機械的切開を含む、請求項5に記載の器具。
- 前記第1の眼球構成要素が前記眼の水晶体を含み、前記第1の眼球構成要素の硬さを減少させる前記処置が、前記水晶体のレーザ誘発光分解を含む、請求項4に記載の器具。
- 前記処置が、前記第1の眼球構成要素の前記少なくとも1つのセクションに第3の電磁放射線を提供するために光源を使用する、請求項1に記載の器具。
- 前記処置が、前記音波のエネルギーの少なくとも一部を提供するために音響源を使用する、請求項1に記載の器具。
- 前記少なくとも1つの第2の電磁放射線が、ブリルアン散乱相互作用に基づいて生成される、請求項1に記載の器具。
- 前記処置にフィードバックを適用するステップは、リアルタイムフィードバックを適用して前記処置をリアルタイムでガイドするステップを含む、請求項14に記載の器具。
- 前記処置をリアルタイムでガイドするステップが、0.4秒未満の前記少なくとも1つの第2の電磁放射線の前記複数の部分のそれぞれのスペクトル特性の異なるそれぞれの値に基づいて、前記セグメントの粘弾性率の複数の値を決定することを含む、請求項15に記載の器具。
- 前記処置にフィードバックを適用するステップが、前記セグメントの粘弾性率の異なるそれぞれのモニタされた値に基づいて、前記少なくとも1つのセクションにわたって前記処置をガイドすることを含む、請求項14に記載の器具。
- 前記セグメントは、前記粘弾性率の異方性モニタを提供するために、3つの空間次元に分布させる、請求項17に記載の器具。
- 複数のセグメントの各々についての粘弾性率のモニタされた値が、複数の離散要素値の空間依存関数の時間依存的進展を提供する数値解析に基づいて計算される方法であって、各離散要素値は、前記複数のセグメントの少なくとも1つの粘弾性率のモニタされた値から導出され、各離散要素値は、前記処置中に複数の連続した時間の各々で更新される請求項17に記載の器具。
- 前記数値解析が有限要素解析を含む、請求項19に記載の器具。
- 特定のセグメントの粘弾性率のモニタされた値が、前記少なくとも1つの第2の電磁放射線の対応する部分のスペクトルのスペクトル線幅またはスペクトルシフトの少なくとも1つに少なくとも部分的に基づいて決定される、請求項17に記載の器具。
- 前記眼の第2の眼球構成要素の少なくとも1つのセクションに対して前記処置を実行するステップと、
前記第2の眼球構成要素の少なくとも1つの音波と相互作用するよう前記第2の眼球構成要素の前記少なくとも1つのセクションに前記少なくとも1つの第1の電磁放射線の一部分を提供するステップであって、少なくとも1つの第3の電磁放射線が、前記相互作用に基づいて生成されるステップと、
前記少なくとも1つの第3の電磁放射線の複数の部分を受けるステップであって、各部分が前記第2の眼球構成要素の前記少なくとも1つのセクションの異なる対応するセグメントから放出されたステップと、
前記第2の眼球構成要素の前記少なくとも1つのセクションに実行される前記処置の間に前記少なくとも1つの第3の電磁放射線の前記複数の部分に基づいて前記第2の眼球構成要素の前記少なくとも1つのセクションの粘弾性率をモニタするステップと、
前記第2の眼球構成要素の前記少なくとも1つのセクションの前記モニタされた粘弾性率に少なくとも一部基づく前記処置にフィードバックを適用するステップと
をさらに含む器具であって、
前記少なくとも1つの第2の電磁放射線の前記複数の部分は、前記少なくとも1つの第2の電磁放射線に特徴的なスペクトルを分離する第1の消光効率を有するように構成された分光計を通して受け取り、前記少なくとも1つの第3の電磁放射線の前記複数の部分が、前記少なくとも1つの第3の電磁放射線に特徴的なスペクトルを分離する第2の消光効率を有するように構成された前記分光計を通して受ける、請求項1に記載の器具。 - 前記第2の消光効率は、前記第1の消光効率よりも大きく、前記少なくとも1つの第3の電磁放射線の受ける部分の数は、前記少なくとも1つの第2の電磁放射線の受ける部分の数よりも少なく、前記少なくとも1つの第3の電磁放射線の各部分が受けられる時間は、前記少なくとも1つの第2の電磁放射線の各部分が受けられるより長い時間である、請求項22に記載の器具。
- 前記第1の眼球構成要素が前記眼の角膜であり、前記第2の眼球構成要素が前記眼の強膜である、請求項23に記載の器具。
- 前記第1の眼球構成要素の前記少なくとも1つのセクションの前記粘弾性率をモニタするステップが、偏光感応装置を使用して前記少なくとも1つの第2の電磁放射線の前記部分を検出して、前記音波の伝播方向に関連する前記少なくとも1つの第2の電磁放射線の前記部分の特徴を決定することを含む、請求項1に記載の器具。
- 前記第1の眼球構成要素の前記少なくとも1つのセクションの前記粘弾性率をモニタするステップは、2次元センサアレイの異なる位置において前記少なくとも1つの第2の電磁放射線の前記部分のそれぞれを検出することを含む請求項1に記載の器具。
- 前記粘弾性率は、複数の前記セグメントのそれぞれについて決定され、粘性率を表す成分と弾性率を表す成分とを含むパラメータで表される、請求項1に記載の器具。
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