JP6858323B2 - Machine tool temperature control device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a machine tool temperature adjusting device capable of suppressing thermal deformation of a column provided on a machine tool base due to the outside air temperature.

Conventionally, in a machine tool equipped with a column that stands at a substantially right angle to the base, the base installed on the floor surface is not easily affected by heat. On the other hand, when the temperature distribution exists in the vertical direction of the column, the column standing up and down is easily affected by the outside air temperature. In particular, the rear surface of the column equipped with the tool spindle was easily affected by the outside air temperature with respect to the front surface.
When the outside air temperature rises to a high temperature, the rear surface of the column stretches and the column tilts forward, and when the outside air temperature drops to a low temperature, the rear surface of the column shrinks and tilts backward. It had an adverse effect on processing accuracy. Conventionally, many temperature control devices for suppressing such temperature changes of machine tools have been proposed.

For example, the processing machine equipment described in Patent Document 1 is installed inside a cover, and the temperature of a liquid such as a lubricating oil used in the processing machine or a cooling liquid of a machine body is controlled by a liquid temperature controller. The liquid whose temperature is controlled by the liquid temperature controller exchanges heat with the air taken in from the outside of the cover, and the air sent out from the heat exchanger exchanges heat through the evaporator and blows out into the cover at a predetermined temperature.

Further, in the machine tool described in Patent Document 2, a pair of tubular columns are erected in a direction orthogonal to the base. The column is equipped with a ventilation means that takes atmospheric air into the column through one opening and exhausts it through the other opening. The ventilation means is operated when the temperature difference measured by the first thermometer and the second thermometer provided on each peripheral wall of the column exceeds a predetermined range, and is stopped when the temperature difference does not exceed the predetermined range. ing.
Then, the temperature change rate, which is the amount of change in the temperature measured at the ambient temperature per unit time, is obtained, and when the temperature change rate exceeds a predetermined change rate range, it is also measured by the first and second thermometers. When the temperature difference of each temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature difference range, the blower means is operated. As a result, it is possible to control the temperature difference in the column to the minimum at low cost.

Japanese Patent No. 5084448 Japanese Patent No. 5449806

However, in the invention described in Patent Document 1 described above, since the heat transfer coefficient of the liquid is larger than that of the gas, the temperature of the processing machine equipment is mainly controlled by the temperature of the liquid such as the cooling liquid used for the equipment. Therefore, it is difficult to timely and optimally control the temperature of the air exchanged by the heat exchanger because the temperature of the coolant or the like changes depending on the processing status of the work or the temperature change of the machine body.
Further, in the invention described in Patent Document 2, even if the current temperature and the rate of change thereof are measured around the equipment of the machine tool and the air is blown for temperature adjustment, a time lag or a processing delay occurs before the effect is obtained. There was a drawback that it would end up. Therefore, there is a drawback that the thermal deformation of the column that may occur due to the change in the outside air temperature cannot be quickly suppressed.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a temperature control device for a machine tool capable of efficiently suppressing thermal deformation of a column without delaying a change in outside air temperature. And.

The temperature control device for a machine tool according to the present invention is a temperature control device for a machine tool that adjusts the temperature inside a cover that surrounds the machine machine with a column equipped with a tool on the base, and adjusts the outside air temperature outside the cover. An outside air temperature sensor to be measured, a temperature control data setting means for measuring the outside air temperature for a predetermined time in advance, setting the relationship between the time and the outside air temperature, and setting master data with the average temperature of the outside air temperature as the target temperature, and the outside air temperature. When the current outside air temperature measured by the sensor is within the allowable range of the outside air temperature of the master data, the temperature of the temperature control air supplied to the column from the outside air temperature and the target temperature data for a predetermined time ahead based on the master data It is equipped with a temperature control air setting means for setting the flow rate and a temperature control device for blowing out temperature control air adjusted based on the temperature and flow rate of the temperature control air set by the temperature control air setting means. By supplying the air conditioning air to the base and the column, the thermal deformation of the base and the column is suppressed, and the base air flow path and the column air flow path are installed in the internal space of the base and the column, and the predetermined time ahead. When the outside air temperature is higher than the target temperature, the temperature control device supplies the temperature control air to the column air flow path and allows the temperature control air to flow from the upper part of the column to the base air flow path through the opening of the upper part of the column. When the outside air temperature at the predetermined time is lower than the target temperature, the temperature control device supplies the temperature control air to the base air flow path and distributes the temperature control air into the column .
According to the temperature control device of the machine tool according to the present invention, the outside air temperature outside the cover is measured by the outside air temperature sensor when the machine machine is in operation, and the current outside air temperature is the outside air of the master data set by the temperature control data setting means. When the temperature is within the permissible range, the temperature control air setting means can take out the data of the outside air temperature and the target temperature at a predetermined time ahead based on the master data, and set the temperature and flow rate of the temperature control air to be supplied to the column. it can.

Then, for example, by setting the outside air to the temperature and flow rate of the temperature control air with the temperature control device and blowing the temperature control air to the base and the column to transfer heat, the front part of the lower part and the upper part of the column based on the outside air temperature and the front part. Thermal deformation of the rear part can be suppressed. Moreover, since the temperature and flow rate of the temperature-controlled air can be set in advance based on the outside air temperature pre-read for a predetermined time extracted from the master data, the temperature of the column can be controlled without processing delay.
If an aircraft temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the rear surface of the column is installed on the rear surface of the column in the cover, it is possible to measure the temperature change on the rear surface of the column due to the blowing of temperature-controlled air and perform feedback control.

Moreover , when the base air flow path and the column air flow path are installed in the internal space of the base and the column, and the outside air temperature after a predetermined time is higher than the target temperature, the temperature control device sends the temperature control air to the column air flow path. It is supplied and circulated to the base air flow path through the opening in the upper part of the column, and when the outside air temperature after a predetermined time is lower than the target temperature, the temperature control air is supplied to the base air flow path from the temperature control device and inside the column. It is characterized by being distributed to.
In the present invention, since the temperature-controlled air can be supplied to the column according to the outside air temperature at a predetermined time ahead, the temperature of the column can be controlled without delaying the change in the outside air temperature. When the outside air temperature after a predetermined time is higher than the target temperature, low-temperature temperature-controlled air can be supplied from the opening in the upper part of the column through the column air flow path to suppress thermal expansion of the upper part of the column for cooling. In addition, when the outside air temperature after a predetermined time is lower than the target temperature, high-temperature temperature-controlled air is supplied from the lower part to the upper part of the column through the base air flow path to suppress the contraction of the lower part of the column in a timely manner. warm.

Further, the column is provided with a saddle for raising and lowering the spindle for holding the tool, and an inflow port for supplying the temperature control air supplied from the temperature control device into the saddle may be provided.
Thermal deformation of the saddle can be suppressed by supplying temperature-controlled air to the saddle from the inflow port.

Further, in the temperature control air setting means, when the current outside air temperature is within the allowable range of the outside air temperature of the master data, the temperature difference between the outside air temperature and the target temperature set in advance for a predetermined time based on the master data. The temperature and flow rate of the temperature control air supplied to the column may be set from the temperature change rate of the outside air temperature after a predetermined time.
Measurement and processing of outside air temperature by setting the temperature and flow rate of the temperature control air supplied to the column from the temperature difference between the outside air temperature and the target temperature after a predetermined time and the temperature change rate which is the slope of the outside air temperature after a predetermined time. The temperature of the column can be adjusted by predicting a predetermined time ahead without causing a delay due to the above.

Further, the master data may be updated sequentially while setting the outside air temperature and the target temperature at predetermined time intervals from the outside air temperature measured in advance for the past one week or more.
By sequentially updating the master data showing the relationship between time and temperature, it is possible to set the outside air temperature and target temperature for a predetermined time ahead based on the latest outside air temperature change, so the temperature can be predicted for a predetermined time ahead without causing a time lag. Temperature can be controlled by setting air conditioning.

According to the temperature control device of the machine tool according to the present invention, the temperature and flow rate of the temperature-controlled air after a predetermined time are set by predicting and setting from the outside air temperature and the target temperature at a predetermined time ahead based on the master data created in advance. Since it is supplied to the base and the column, the temperature of the base and the column can be adjusted by predictive control without delaying the fluctuation of the outside air temperature and the measurement process, and the thermal deformation can be suppressed.

It is a block diagram which shows the machine tool according to the 1st Embodiment of this invention, and the temperature control apparatus thereof. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a main part of the machine tool shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from the front side of the column. It is the main part perspective view which looked at the machine tool shown in FIG. 1 from the rear side of a column. It is explanatory drawing which shows the flow of the temperature control air when the temperature control air is supplied to a column. It is explanatory drawing which shows the flow of the temperature control air when the temperature control air is supplied to the base. It is a figure of the master data which shows the change of the outside air temperature and the target temperature for one day. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the change of the outside air temperature in the master data, and the target temperature. It is a figure which shows the slope of the temperature change in the outside air temperature curve based on FIG. 7. It is a measurement figure which shows the outside air temperature change and the target temperature for one week. It is a flowchart which shows the temperature control in the temperature control apparatus by 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the air flow of the machine tool and the temperature control air by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, the machine tool according to the embodiment of the present invention and the temperature adjusting device thereof will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, the machine tool 1 and its temperature adjusting device 5 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The machine tool 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a gate-shaped column 3 erected at one end of a base 2 and has a substantially L-shape, and the periphery thereof is surrounded by a cover 4. The base 2 is provided with a temperature adjusting device 5 that adjusts the temperature of the air (outside air) outside the cover 4 and supplies it to the base 2.
Next, the machine tool 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. The cover 4 is omitted in FIGS. 2 and 3. Here, in the machine tool 1, the vertical axis is defined as the Y axis, the horizontal direction is defined as the X axis in the horizontal plane orthogonal to the Y axis, and the vertical direction orthogonal to the X axis is defined as the Z axis. The base 2 is provided with a table 22 and a pallet 23a for gripping the work.

A pair of X-axis guide rails 8 are vertically divided and arranged in parallel in the column 3 in a direction orthogonal to the Y-axis direction, and can be moved in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) along the X-axis guide rail 8, for example. A gate-shaped saddle 9 is arranged. A pair of Y-axis guide rails 10 are arranged in the saddle 9 in the Y-axis direction, and a spindle head 11 that can move up and down along the Y-axis guide rail 10 in the vertical direction (Y-axis direction) is provided. A spindle 13 for holding a tool (not shown) projects from the spindle head 11 in the Z-axis direction, and a spindle motor is connected to the spindle 13.

A Y-axis ball screw 15 is erected on the saddle 9 in parallel with the Y-axis guide rail 10, and a Y-axis servomotor My is connected to one end of the Y-axis ball screw 15, for example, the upper end as a Y-axis drive source. .. The Y-axis ball screw 15 is held in a screwed state by the saddle 9, and the spindle head 11 can be moved up and down integrally with the spindle 13 by the forward / reverse rotation drive of the Y-axis servomotor My. The Y-axis servomotor My is installed so as to project above the cover 4.
An X-axis ball screw 18 is provided on the saddle 9 in parallel with the X-axis guide rail 8, and an X-axis servomotor Mx is connected to one end of the X-axis ball screw 18 as an X-axis drive source. The X-axis ball screw 18 is held in a screwed state by the column 3, and the saddle 9 can be moved along the X-axis guide rail 8 together with the spindle 13 in the X-axis direction by the forward / reverse rotation drive of the X-axis servomotor Mx. ..

A pair of Z-axis guide rails 19 are arranged on the base 2 in a direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction. An APC (auto pallet changer) device 21 is attached to the base 2, and the two pallets 23a and 23a supported on the upper part of the table 22 by the swivel APC device 21 are interchangeable. The table 22 is movable in the front-rear direction (Z-axis direction) along the Z-axis guide rail 19. A workpiece (not shown), which is an object to be machined, is fixed to the pallet 23a at the machining position, and is subjected to cutting by a tool held on the spindle 13.
The table 22 supporting the pallet 23a at the machining position is connected to a Z-axis servomotor (not shown) as a Z-axis drive source via a Z-axis ball screw 24, and rotates the Z-axis servomotor in the forward and reverse directions. By doing so, it is possible to move back and forth in the Z-axis direction along the Z-axis guide rail 19.

In FIG. 2, on the side portion of the base 2, a first air flow path 26a for supplying temperature-controlled air, which is air whose temperature is adjusted to a desired temperature, to an inflow port 30a described later in a column 3 through the base 2 is provided. A second air flow path 26b that supplies temperature-controlled air to the inflow port 31a, which will be described later, is installed in the base 2. In the gate-shaped column 3, the surface on the main shaft 13 side is referred to as the front surface and the front portion, and the surface facing the front side is referred to as the rear surface and the rear portion.
On the front surface of the column 3, exhaust ports 27a for temperature-controlled air are arranged on both side column portions forming a gate shape, and exhaust ports 27b are also arranged on the beam portion at the top. In particular, by exhausting temperature-controlled air from a row of exhaust ports 27b formed in the beam portion, an air curtain is formed to prevent outside air from flowing into the cover 4 from the mounting portion of the Y-axis motor My. Further, on the rear surface of the column 3, exhaust ports 27c for temperature-controlled air are formed on both side columns.

In the machine tool 1 shown in FIG. 1, a base air flow path 31 having a substantially L-shaped cross section is formed in the internal space from the base 2 to the column 3, and an inflow port for supplying temperature-controlled air is provided at one end of the base 2. 31a is formed. In the base air flow path 31, a column air flow path 30 composed of an air distribution pipe for supplying temperature-controlled air is installed in a substantially L-shape above the column 3.
An inflow port 30a for temperature-controlled air is formed at the end of the column air flow path 30 in the base 2, and an outflow port 30b is formed in the vicinity of the upper end in the column 3. The temperature-controlled air discharged from the outflow port 30b flows down the base air flow path 31 from the upper part of the column 3 toward the base 2.
Moreover, in order to suppress the inclination of the tall column 3 when the outside air temperature Φ outside the cover 4 measured by the outside air temperature sensor 46, which will be described later, is higher or lower than the target temperature, the temperature-controlled air is blown out. It is switched whether the port is the inflow port 31a of the base air flow path 31 or the outflow port 30b above the column air flow path 30. As a result, the temperature of the rear surface of the column 3 can be effectively adjusted and its inclination can be suppressed.

Further, the inner space of the gate-shaped saddle 9 constitutes a saddle air flow path 33 extending vertically. Moreover, an inflow port 33a communicating with the base air flow path 31 is formed in the lower part of the saddle air flow path 33, and a part of the temperature control air in the base air flow path 31 flows into the saddle air flow path 33 and the upper end thereof. The air is exhausted to the outside of the cover 4 from the outlet 33b of the portion.
In the present embodiment, the Y-axis motor My projects upward from the upper surface of the column 3 to the outside of the cover 4. The outlet 33b of the saddle air flow path 33 is installed around the Y-axis motor My, and an air curtain is formed by blowing out temperature-controlled air from the outlet 33b to form a gap between the Y-axis motor My installation positions. Through this, the inflow of outside air into the cover 4 is blocked.

Next, the temperature adjusting device 5 of the machine tool 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
An NC device 35 is installed outside the cover 4, and a temperature control device interface 36, a valve interface 37, and a temperature sensor interface 38 are installed in the NC device 35. The temperature control device interface 36 is connected to the temperature control device controller 39.
The temperature control device controller 39 is a temperature control data setting means that stores, for example, master data (see FIG. 6) that collects the outside air temperature t for an appropriate day in the past and displays the average target temperature T. It has 50 and a temperature control air setting means 51 for setting the temperature and flow rate of the temperature control air supplied into the base 2 or the column 3. Here, the temperature-controlled air refers to air that is supplied to the column 3 to prevent thermal deformation, for example, by converting the temperature of the atmosphere to adjust the flow rate to suppress thermal deformation.

Further, the temperature control device controller 39 is connected to the temperature control device 40. In the temperature control device 40, based on the temperature and flow rate signals of the temperature control air set by the temperature control air setting means 51, the temperature control air is changed to the temperature of the outside air indicated by a heat exchanger or the like (not shown). It is converted and its flow rate is adjusted and supplied to the inflow port 30a or the inflow port 31a of the base 2 via the switching valve 41. As a result, the temperature of the column 3 is adjusted to the target temperature T.
The valve opening degree adjusting means 44 connected to the valve interface 37 is connected to the switching valve 41. The valve opening degree adjusting means 44 sets the opening degree of the switching valve 41 based on the flow rate of the temperature controlling air set by the temperature controlling air setting means 51, and uses the temperature controlling air supplied from the temperature controlling device 40 as the base air. Either the inflow port 31a of the flow path 31 or the inflow port 30a of the column air flow path 30 is selected and supplied. By adjusting the opening degree of the switching valve 41, the flow rate (blowing amount) of the temperature control air can be increased or decreased.

Further, the temperature sensor interface 38 is connected to the temperature measuring means 45. An outside air temperature sensor 46 for measuring the temperature of the outside air is installed on the outside of the side surface of the cover facing the rear surface of the column 3 in the cover 4. In the cover 4, the upper temperature sensor 47 of the column 3 is installed in the upper part of the rear surface of the column 3, and the lower temperature sensor 48 is installed in the lower part thereof. The upper temperature sensor 47 and the lower temperature sensor 48 constitute an airframe temperature sensor.
The temperature data measured by the outside air temperature sensor 46, the upper temperature sensor 47, and the lower temperature sensor 48 is arithmetically processed by the temperature measuring means 45 and the NC device 35 and transmitted to the temperature control device controller 39 and the valve opening degree adjusting means 44. To. The outside air temperature Φ measured by the outside air temperature sensor 46 is used in the predictive control described later, and the measurement data of the upper temperature sensor 47 and the lower temperature sensor 48 changes the temperature of the column 3 from the outside air temperature Φ to the target temperature T by the temperature control air. It is used for feedback control to detect whether or not the temperature is high.

Here, when the outside air temperature Φ measured by the outside air temperature sensor 46 is higher than the target temperature T, the upper side of the column 3 is easier to warm and extend than the lower side. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the temperature control device 40 of the temperature control device 5 supplies the temperature control air lower than the outside air temperature Φ to the inflow port 30a of the column air flow path 30, and the upper outlet 30b in the column 3 is supplied. Is circulated through the base air flow path 31. As a result, the upper side of the column 3 is cooled and the deformation of the column 3 is suppressed.

On the other hand, when the outside air temperature Φ is lower than the target temperature T, the base 2 side, which is the lower side of the column 3, is liable to cool and shrink, and to easily warp. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the temperature control device 40 supplies the temperature control air having a temperature higher than the outside air temperature Φ to the inflow port 31a of the base air flow path 31, passes through the base air flow path 31, and enters the column 3 from the base 2. I tried to distribute it. As a result, the column 3 is warmed from the base 2 side to suppress warpage due to shrinkage.
In any of the above cases, a part of the temperature control air flowing in the column 3 of the base air flow path 31 flows through the saddle air flow path 33 and is discharged to the outside from the outflow port 33b. Further, the other part of the temperature control air flowing in the column 3 of the base air flow path 31 is exhausted into the cover 4 through the exhaust port 27c on the rear surface of the column 3. Since the thermal displacement of the column 3 is displaced in the Z-axis direction, the base 2 may also be affected by this principle. Therefore, the temperature-controlled air is also blown to the base 2.

Next, the predictive control of the temperature control air performed by the temperature control device controller 39 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8.
As described above, when the outside air temperature Φ is measured by the outside air temperature sensor 46 and the temperature and flow rate of the temperature control air supplied from the temperature control device 40 are processed corresponding to this outside air temperature Φ, a time lag occurs and a column due to the temperature control air occurs. A time delay (time lag) occurs in the temperature adjustment of No. 3, resulting in poor processing accuracy.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the temperature control data setting means 50 creates master data in which a plurality of outside air temperatures t and their target temperatures T are recorded in an appropriate past predetermined period. The period of the master data is set to, for example, one day, for example, the outside air temperature t is measured every hour, the history of temperature change is collected and recorded, and the average of the outside air temperature t of these histories is calculated as the target temperature T. To do. Then, as shown in FIG. 6, the data of the outside air temperature t and the target temperature T as the history is created as a diagram of the master data showing the relationship between the time and the outside air temperature. This master data is stored in the temperature control data setting means 50. Moreover, this master data is constantly updated according to the update of the outside air temperature t.

In the master data, an error range of ± λ ° C. with respect to the outside air temperature t of the master data shown in FIG. 6 is set as an allowable range.
Then, the temperature control air setting means 51 determines whether or not the current outside air temperature Φ measured by the outside air temperature sensor 46 is included in the range of the outside air temperature t ± λ of the master data. If it is included, it is judged that the outside air temperature Φ matches the history of the master data, and the outside air temperature t in this history, for example, about 10 to 15 minutes in the future or a predetermined time ahead (look-ahead time) is predicted. Predict the outside air temperature of, and set this time as the look-ahead time (look-ahead time). Since the look-ahead time of the master tape differs depending on the size of the machine tool 1, it is set in advance by an experiment.

Then, as shown in FIG. 7, the temperature difference between the outside air temperature t (= Φ1, Φ2, Φ3 ...) And the target temperature T in the look-ahead time in the master data is taken out, and as shown in FIG. 8, the outside air temperature t in the unit time is taken out. Is taken out as the slope of the temperature change (assuming the angle θi), that is, the rate of temperature change. The slope of the temperature change is the slope angle θi (i = 1, 2, 3 ...) in the locus of the outside air temperature t. Based on the temperature difference between the outside air temperature t and the target temperature T and the rate of temperature change at the look-ahead time, the temperature and flow rate of the temperature-controlled air in the future (look-ahead time) are recognized and predicted and controlled.
In the present embodiment, when the current outside air temperature Φ measured by the outside air temperature sensor 46 falls within the range of the outside air temperature t ± λ of the master data, the outside air temperature in the look-ahead time ahead of the present is along the history of the master data. The temperature difference of t from the target temperature T and the rate of temperature change are determined, and the temperature control device 40 predictively controls the temperature and flow rate of the future temperature control air.
When the allowable range of ± λ ° C. is set for the outside air temperature t, the range of the outside air temperature t is widened, and the prediction control by the temperature control air setting means 51 can be performed quickly.

Further, the presence or absence of air blown into the base 2 of the temperature control air by the temperature control device 40 and the air blowing direction of the valve are switched by the valve opening degree adjusting means 44 in accordance with the change in the measured outside air temperature Φ with respect to the target temperature T. .. For example, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 1, when the outside air temperature is Φ = Φ1, the temperature is lower than the target temperature T, so the temperature control air is supplied to the inflow port 31a of the base air flow path 31 by the switching valve 41, and the base 2 side. Warm column 3 from.
When the outside air temperature is Φ = Φ2, the temperature is higher than the target temperature T. Therefore, the temperature control air is supplied to the inflow port 30a of the column air flow path 30 by the switching valve 41, and the outflow port 30b which is the upper opening of the column 3 to the column 3 Warm the top of the. When the outside air temperature is Φ = Φ3, the air blown from the temperature control device 40 is stopped because it matches the target temperature T.

At that time, the temperature difference between the outside air temperature Φ measured by the outside air temperature sensor 46 and the target temperature T of the master data is calculated by the temperature measuring means 45, and the switching valve 41 is based on the valve opening degree adjusting means 44 according to the magnitude of the temperature difference. The temperature-controlled air is supplied by switching to either the inflow port 31a of the air flow path 31 or the inflow port 30a of the column air flow path 30. Moreover, the opening degree of the switching valve 41 is adjusted by the valve opening degree adjusting means 44. As a result, the flow rate of the temperature-controlled air supplied to the inflow port 31a of the base air flow path 31 or the inflow port 30a of the column air flow path 30 is adjusted to increase or decrease so that the temperature of the rear surface of the column 3 approaches the target temperature T at an early stage. To control.
The upper temperature sensor 47 and the lower temperature sensor 48 are used for feedback of the target temperature T set by the temperature adjusting device 5. When there is a temperature difference between the upper temperature sensor 47 and the lower temperature sensor 48, the temperature of the temperature-controlled air is adjusted according to whether the temperature is higher or lower than the target temperature T, and the temperatures of the upper temperature sensor 47 and the lower temperature sensor 48 are adjusted. Both the direction and the opening degree of the switching valve 41 are adjusted so as to approach the target temperature T.

Since the direction of inclination of the column 3 differs between when the outside air temperature Φ is rising and when it is falling, the temperature and flow rate inside the cover 4 on the rear surface of the column 3 which is easily affected by the outside air temperature Φ are changed. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the inclination angle θi of the temperature change per unit time with respect to the change of the outside air temperature Φ is regarded as θ1, θ2, ... θ7, and the temperature is determined by the magnitude and direction of these inclination angles θi. It is preferable to adjust the flow rate so as to approach the target temperature T.
The opening degree of the switching valve 41 is adjusted by the valve opening degree adjusting means 44 so that the flow rate of the temperature control air is increased when the inclination θi of the outside air temperature Φ is large and the flow rate is decreased when the inclination θi is small. In this way, the amount of temperature-controlled air supplied to the inflow port 31a or the inflow port 30a is controlled by the opening degree of the switching valve 41.

Further, the setting range of the master data is not limited to one day, and can be set to one week as shown in FIG. 9, for example. In this case, if the temperature change fluctuates greatly when viewed in a week, for example, the target temperature T is changed to a stepped or smooth straight line or curve by setting the target temperature T every day, and the rate of change of the target temperature T is changed. Can be set.

The temperature adjusting device 5 of the machine tool 1 according to the present embodiment has the above-described configuration, and its operation will be described next with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
Prior to the temperature control by the temperature adjusting device 5, setting conditions such as the look-ahead time used in the master data and the allowable range of the outside air temperature t ± λ ° C. are set (S100). Next, the current time, the outside air temperature Φ outside the cover 4 measured by the outside air temperature sensor 46, and the upper and lower temperature of the rear surface of the column 3 by the upper temperature sensor 47 and the lower temperature sensor 48 inside the cover 4 are measured (S101). Further, the temperature control device controller 39 collects the outside air temperature Φ of the most recent past day, for example, every hour, averages it, sets the target temperature T, and creates the relationship between the time and the temperature. It is stored in the temperature control data setting means 50 of the above and constantly updated (S102).
Then, the outside air temperature Φ is measured by the outside air temperature sensor 46, and compared with the outside air temperature t of the master data shown in FIG. 6, whether or not the outside air temperature Φ is within the allowable range (t ± λ) of the outside air temperature t in the master data. (S103).

If the outside air temperature Φ is within the permissible range, it is recognized that the temperature changes along the master data, and the outside air temperature at a slightly ahead time (look-ahead time) in the master data is predicted and the temperature in column 3 is reached. Is predictively controlled so that the temperature can be adjusted to the target temperature T. Therefore, a time ahead of the current time by a predetermined time (for example, 5 minutes to 10 minutes) is set as the look-ahead time. The outside air temperature t at the look-ahead time is extracted as the future outside air temperature from the history of the master data, and as shown in FIG. 8, the change in the future outside air temperature t per unit time at the outside air temperature t is used as the temperature change rate. Calculate (S104).

When the outside air temperature Φ is within the permissible range, the outside air temperature t at the look-ahead time is compared with the target temperature T at the look-ahead time, and the difference temperature ΔT is obtained from the temperature change rate (S107). Set the temperature and flow rate of the temperature control air supplied to the column 3.
When the outside air temperature t at the look-ahead time is lower than the target temperature T at the look-ahead time, the temperature control device 40 and the switching valve 41 adjust the temperature to a predetermined flow rate at a relatively high temperature at the inflow port 31a of the base air flow path 31 of the base 2. Air is supplied to heat (S108).
When the outside air temperature t at the look-ahead time is higher than the target temperature T at the look-ahead time, the temperature control device 40 and the switching valve 41 bring the predetermined flow rate to the inflow port 30a of the column air flow path 30 of the base 2 at a relatively low temperature. Temperature control air is supplied to cool (S109). If it is determined that there is no temperature difference ΔT between the outside air temperature t at the look-ahead time and the target temperature T at the look-ahead time (ΔT = 0 or a value in the vicinity thereof), the blowing of the temperature-controlled air is stopped. (S110).
After that, the outside air temperature Φa measured by the outside air temperature sensor 46 is added to the master data to average the data, and the master data diagram is updated (S111).

In S103, when the outside air temperature Φ is outside the permissible range of the outside air temperature t ± λ ° C., the master data does not match and is not used. Instead of this, a plurality of outside air temperatures Φ measured in the latest past are read (S105), and the temperature change rate thereof is calculated (S106). Then, the latest past outside air temperature is compared with the target temperature, which is the average of the outside air temperatures, and the difference temperature ΔT is determined in the same manner (S107). One of steps S108, S109, and S110 is selected depending on whether the temperature is high. Then, the temperature control device 40 and the switching valve 41 supply the temperature control air to either the inflow port 31a of the base air flow path 31 or the inflow port 30a of the column air flow path 30.

Next, a method of suppressing thermal deformation of the column 3 due to the temperature control air sent from the temperature adjusting device 5 to the base 2 of the machine tool 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
When the outside air temperature t at the look-ahead time is higher than the target temperature T, the upper part of the column 3 tends to warm up, so that the rear surface of the column may extend and the column may tilt forward. Therefore, the temperature of the outside air is set by the temperature control device 40 of the temperature control device 5, the opening direction and opening degree of the switching valve 41 are set by the valve opening degree adjusting means 44, and the temperature control air is the base 2 column air flow path 30. It is supplied to the inflow port 30a of.
As shown in FIG. 4, the temperature-controlled air is blown toward the upper part in the column 3 which stands orthogonally through the column air flow path 30 in the base 2. Then, it is blown out from the outlet 30b near the upper end of the column air flow path 30 and flows into the base air flow path 31, and the column 3 is cooled from above. As a result, it is possible to prevent the upper portion of the column 3 from extending and tilting forward. Since this temperature-controlled air is a predicted and controlled temperature in the future from the present, the temperature of the column 3 can be controlled in a timely manner without delaying the measurement of the outside air temperature by the outside air temperature sensor 46.

A part of the temperature control air that descends from the base air flow path 31 in the column 3 flows into the saddle 9, or is blown from the lower side to the upper side in the saddle air flow path 33 from the inflow port 33a to keep the saddle 9 at a constant temperature. To control. Then, the temperature control air is blown out as an air curtain from the outlet 33b at the upper end of the saddle air flow path 33 to the outside of the cover 4 to prevent the outside air from flowing in from the periphery of the Y-axis motor My.
Further, the other part of the temperature control air is blown out from the column air flow path 30 in the column 3 from the exhaust port 27c on the rear surface of the column 3 to cool the vicinity of the rear surface of the column 3 in the cover 4.

On the other hand, when the outside air temperature t at the look-ahead time is lower than the target temperature T, the base 2 side of the column 3 may cool, the rear surface of the column 3 may shrink, and the column 3 may tilt backward. Therefore, the temperature of the outside air is set by the temperature control device 40 to become the temperature control air, the opening direction and opening degree of the switching valve 41 are set by the valve opening degree adjusting means 44, and the temperature control air is the base air flow path of the base 2. It is supplied to the inflow port 31a of 31.
As shown in FIG. 5, this temperature-controlled air is blown from the lower part to the upper part in the column 3 which stands orthogonally through the base air flow path 31 in the base 2, so that the column 3 is inside the column 3. Gradually heat from the bottom to the top. As a result, the rear surface of the column 3 is prevented from contracting and tilting backward. Since this temperature-controlled air is a predicted and controlled temperature in the future, the temperature of the column 3 can be controlled in a timely manner without delaying the measurement of the outside air temperature by the outside air temperature sensor 46.

Further, a part of the temperature control air flowing through the base air flow path 31 in the column 3 is blown from the lower side to the upper side in the saddle air flow path 33 from the inflow port 33a in the saddle 9, and the saddle 9 is controlled to a constant temperature. Temperature control air is blown out from the outlet 33b at the upper end of the saddle air flow path 33 to the outside of the cover 4 to prevent outside air from flowing in from around the Y-axis motor My.
The other part of the temperature control air is blown out from the column air flow path 30 in the column 3 from the exhaust port 27c on the rear surface of the column 3 to warm the vicinity of the rear surface of the column 3 in the cover 4.
If there is a temperature difference between the measured temperatures of the upper temperature sensor 47 and the lower temperature sensor 48 on the rear surface of the column 3 with respect to the target temperature T, further temperature control air is supplied to the inflow port 31a or the inflow port 30a. Bring the rear surface of column 3 closer to the target temperature. In this way, based on the outside air temperature Φ measured by the outside air temperature sensor 46, the temperature and flow rate of the temperature-controlled air are controlled so that the measured temperatures of the upper temperature sensor 47 and the lower temperature sensor 48 on the rear surface of the column 3 become the target temperature T. To do.

As described above, according to the temperature adjusting device 5 of the machine tool 1 according to the present embodiment, when the rear surface of the column 3 may expand or contract due to the outside air temperature and tilt, the outside air temperature sensor 46 measures the temperature. Since the change in the outside air temperature can be pre-read with the master data based on the outside air temperature and the temperature and flow rate of the temperature-controlled air and the direction of the ventilation can be set and supplied without delaying the change in the outside air temperature, the inclination due to the thermal deformation of the column 3 can be set. It can be read ahead and suppressed efficiently.
Further, the base air flow path 31 and the column air flow path 30 are installed inside the base 2 and the column 3 which are substantially orthogonal to each other, and the flow from the inflow port 31a provided in the base 2 at low temperature to the upper part of the column 3 at high temperature. By supplying the temperature-controlled air from the outlet 30b, the displacement of the column 3 due to heat can be efficiently suppressed.
Further, since the saddle 9 is provided with a temperature-controlled air flow path from the inflow port 33a at the lower end of the saddle air flow path 33 toward the outflow port 33b at the upper end, deformation of the saddle 9 provided with the main shaft 13 can be suppressed. Moreover, the circumference of the Y-axis motor My protruding to the outside of the cover 4 can be surrounded by the air curtain of the temperature-controlled air discharged from the outlet 33b, and the intrusion of the outside air into the cover 4 can be prevented.

The temperature adjusting device 5 of the machine tool 1 according to the present invention is not limited to the one according to the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately changed or replaced without departing from the gist of the present invention. Hereinafter, other embodiments and modifications of the present invention will be described, but the same or similar members and parts as the temperature adjusting device 5 of the machine tool 1 according to the above-described embodiment will be described using the same reference numerals. ..

Next, the temperature adjusting device 5 of the machine tool 1A according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The machine tool 1A according to the second embodiment is a simplification of the configuration of the temperature adjusting device 5 of the machine tool 1 according to the first embodiment. In the present embodiment, the machine tool 1A is covered with the cover 4 except for the Y-axis motor My. The base air flow path 55 is formed only in the base 2, and neither the base air flow path 55 nor the column air flow path is formed in the column 3. Similarly, the saddle air flow path 33 is not formed in the saddle 9. Therefore, the switching valve 41 is not installed either.
The base air flow path 55 has an inflow port 55a formed at one end in the lateral direction away from the column 3, and an discharge port 55b formed upward at the other end of the lower portion of the column 3. In the present embodiment, the Y-axis motor My protruding from the upper part of the saddle 9 is covered with another cover 56.

Therefore, the temperature control air having a predetermined temperature and flow rate adjusted by the temperature control device 40 is supplied to the inflow port 55a of the base air flow path 55 and discharged from the discharge port 55b to move the rear surface of the portal column 3 upward from below. And suppresses the thermal displacement of the column 3. This temperature control air circulates along the inner surface of the cover 4.
Further, a part of the temperature control air discharged from the discharge port 55b enters between the columns of the column 3 and is blown onto the rear surface of the saddle 9 to adjust the temperature and suppress the thermal displacement of the saddle 9. Moreover, a part of the temperature control air flowing between the column 3 and the saddle 9 enters another cover 56 through the gap between the cross beam 3a of the column 3 and the cross beam 9a of the saddle 9, and then is released to the outside air. ..

Therefore, according to the temperature adjusting device 5 of the machine tool 1A according to the second embodiment, the flow path of the temperature-controlled air that heats or cools the column 3 regardless of whether the outside air temperature is lower or higher than the target temperature. Are the same. Even in this case, thermal deformation can be suppressed by heating or cooling the column 3 by blowing temperature-controlled air from the lower side to the upper side of the column 3.

Further, as a modification, in the master data shown in FIG. 8, the temperature difference between each outside air temperature t and the target temperature T measured by dividing the time for one day into a plurality of divisions, and the outside air temperature per unit division for each division. The relationship with the temperature change gradient θi (for example, i = 1 to 7), which is the rate of change of t, may be patterned and stored in the temperature control device controller 39. Then, the target temperature in the temperature control device 40 may be shifted from the gradient θi of the temperature change of the outside air temperature t, and the flow rate may be adjusted based on the temperature difference between the outside air temperature t and the target temperature T.
As a result, it is possible to predict the future outside air temperature t set from the transition of the current outside air temperature Φ and select the slope θi of the closest temperature change.

When the rate of change of the outside air temperature t (slope of temperature change θi) is large, the column 3 collapses in the front-rear direction becomes large. Further, when the temperature difference between the outside air temperature Φ and the target temperature T is large, a large amount of heat flows into the machine tools 1 and 1A. Moreover, since the heat transfer coefficient of air is smaller than the heat transfer coefficient of liquid, it is necessary to increase the flow rate or temperature difference of temperature-controlled air in order to improve the thermal performance (heat transfer coefficient). Therefore, in this modification, the magnitude of the temperature difference between the outside air temperature t and the target temperature T can be divided, and the temperature and flow rate of the temperature-controlled air can be selected from the stored pattern.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the outside air temperature for one day is collected and averaged to create the master data of FIG. 6 showing the relationship between time and temperature, and is constantly updated. When the outside air temperature Φ measured by the outside air temperature sensor 46 is included in the allowable range of ± λ ° C. of the outside air temperature t in this master data, the outside air temperature t at a predetermined look-ahead time is predicted and predicted and controlled. did.
However, the master data is not limited to one day and can be set in an appropriate range. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the horizontal axis may be set to one week. In addition, if the environmental changes due to the seasons are recorded and stored as a one-year history, and the master data diagram is changed and used for each season, a more optimal target value can be selected. For example, if the machine tools 1 and 1A are in operation in summer, the outside air temperature t and the target temperature T at the look-ahead time may be set based on the outside air temperature Φ measured by extracting the summer master data.

Further, in the first embodiment, the pipe-shaped column air flow path 30 is installed in the base air flow path 31 provided in the space inside the base 2 and the column 3 of the machine tool 1, but instead of this configuration, The space in the base 2 and the column 3 may be partitioned by a wall surface along the longitudinal direction thereof, and one may be formed in the base air flow path 31 and the other in the column air flow path 30.

1, 1A machine tool
2 Base 3 Column 5 Temperature control device 9 Saddle 13 Main shaft 30 Column Air flow path 30a, 31a Inlet 30b Outlet
31 Base air flow path 33 Saddle air flow path 39 Temperature control device Controller 40 Temperature control device 41 Switching valve 44 Valve opening adjustment means 45 Temperature measurement means 46 Outside air temperature sensor 50 Temperature control data setting means 51 Temperature control air setting means

Claims (4)

In a machine tool temperature control device that regulates the temperature inside a cover that surrounds a machine tool with a column equipped with tools on the base.
An outside air temperature sensor that measures the outside air temperature outside the cover,
A temperature control data setting means that measures the outside air temperature in advance for a predetermined time, sets the relationship between the time and the outside air temperature, and sets master data with the average temperature of the outside air temperature as the target temperature.
When the current outside air temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor is within the permissible range of the outside air temperature of the master data, the temperature supplied to the column from the outside air temperature and the target temperature data of a predetermined time ahead based on the master data. Temperature control air setting means for setting the temperature and flow rate of air control,
A temperature control device for blowing out the temperature control air adjusted based on the temperature and flow rate of the temperature control air set by the temperature control air setting means is provided.
By supplying the temperature control air from the temperature control device to the base and the column, thermal deformation of the column is suppressed .
A base air flow path and a column air flow path are installed in the internal space of the base and the column, and the base air flow path and the column air flow path are installed.
When the outside air temperature ahead of the predetermined time is higher than the target temperature, the temperature control air is supplied from the temperature control device to the column air flow path, and the base air is supplied from the upper part of the column through the opening of the upper part of the column. Distribute to the channel,
When the outside air temperature after a predetermined time is lower than the target temperature, the temperature control of the machine tool is characterized by supplying temperature control air from the temperature control device to the base air flow path and distributing it in the column. apparatus. The machine tool according to claim 1 , wherein a saddle for raising and lowering a spindle for holding a tool is installed in the column, and an inflow port for supplying temperature control air supplied from the temperature control device into the saddle is provided. Machine temperature regulator. In the temperature control air setting means, when the current outside air temperature is within the permissible range of the outside air temperature of the master data, the outside air temperature and the target temperature of the predetermined time ahead set in advance based on the master data. The temperature adjusting device for a machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature and the flow rate of the temperature control air supplied to the column are set from the difference and the temperature change rate of the outside air temperature at the predetermined time ahead. The master data is described in any one of claims 1 to 3 in which the outside air temperature and the target temperature are set and sequentially updated at predetermined time intervals from the outside air temperature measured in advance for the past one week or more. Machine tool temperature control device.

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