JP6853258B2 - Systems and methods for generating power waves within wireless power transfer systems - Google Patents

Description

Technical Field This application generally relates to wireless charging systems and the hardware and software components used within such systems.

Background Numerous attempts have been made to wirelessly transmit energy to electronic devices (receiver devices can consume the transmission and convert it into electrical energy). However, most conventional techniques cannot transmit energy at any meaningful distance. Magnetic resonance, for example, powers a device without the need to wire an electronic device to the power resonator. However, the electronics need to be located near the coil of the power resonator (ie, in a magnetic field). Other conventional solutions may not attempt user mobility for users charging their mobile device, or such solution states that the device is outside a narrow window of operability. I will not admit it.

To wirelessly power a remote electronic device, a means for identifying the position of the electronic device within the transmission field of the power transmission device may be required. Traditional systems generally attempt to locate electronic devices up close, so they charge, for example, in large coffee shops, homes, office buildings, or other three-dimensional spaces where electrical devices can potentially move around. However, there is no function to identify and map the spectrum of the vacant device. Further, there is a need for a system for managing the generation of power waves for both directional purposes and power output modulation. Since many conventional systems do not contemplate a wide range of movements of serviced electronic devices, there is also a need for a means for dynamically and accurately tracking electronic devices that can be serviced by power transfer devices.

Wireless power transfer may have to meet certain regulatory requirements. Devices that transmit radio energy may be required to comply with standards that prevent exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) for humans or other organisms. Maximum exposure limits are set by US and European standards for power density limits and electric field limits (and magnetic field limits). Some of these limits have been established by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for Maximum Allowable Exposure (MPE), and some have been established by the European Auditing Authority for Radiation Exposure. The limits established by the FCC for MPE are codified in 47 CFR §1.1310. At electromagnetic field (EMF) frequencies within the microwave region, power densities can be used to represent the intensity of exposure. The power density is defined as the power per unit area. For example, power density is generally expressed in terms of wattage per square meter (W / m ² ), milliwatt per square centimeter (mW / cm ² ), or microwattage per square centimeter (μW / cm ^2). Can be done.

Therefore, it is desirable to properly provide systems and methods for wireless power transfer to meet these regulatory requirements. There is a need for a means for wireless power transfer that incorporates various safety techniques to ensure that humans or other organisms in the transmission field are not exposed to EMF energy near or above regulatory limits or other nominal limits. Has been done.

Summary Disclosures herein are systems and methods that can not only address the shortcomings of the art, but also provide additional or alternative advantages. The embodiments disclosed herein are power waves that converge in place within a transmission field to generate energy pockets as a result of their physical waveform characteristics (eg frequency, amplitude, phase, gain, direction). Can be generated and transmitted. The receiver associated with the electronics powered by the wireless charging system can extract energy from these energy pockets and convert that energy into power available to the electronics associated with the receiver. The energy pocket can occur as a three-dimensional field (eg, a transmission field), where the energy can be harvested by a receiver located in or near the energy pocket. In some embodiments, the transmitter performs an adaptive pocket formation process by adjusting the transmission of power waves to adjust the power level based on the input sensor data from the sensor or to avoid certain objects. Can be done. Techniques for identifying areas within the transmission field can be used to determine where energy pockets should be formed and where power waves should be transmitted. In one example, this technique can result in the determination of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value at each spatial location in the transmission field for one or more power waves in the transmission field radiated from one or more antennas. Determining a particular SAR can be done by a sensor coupled to or incorporated into the transmitter. These sensors can capture useful information for making SAR measurements in the transmission field, and the transmitter can capture the SAR value in the transmission field based on the known propagation characteristics of the power waves produced by the transmitter. The information can be used with pre-stored calculations and estimates to determine. SAR is the rate at which electromagnetic energy from radio frequency (RF) waves is absorbed by the human body or another organism. In another example, heat map data, which is a form of mapping data that can be stored in mapping memory for later reference or calculation, may be used in deciding where to form the energy pocket. In yet another example, the sensor can generate sensor data that can identify areas where power waves should be avoided. This sensor data can be an additional or alternative form of mapping data, which can also be stored in the mapping memory for later reference or calculation.

In one embodiment, the method of wireless power transmission is the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value at each spatial location in the transmitter's transmission field for one or more power waves radiated from one or more antennas of the transmitter. Is calculated by the transmitter, the selected part in the transmission field where the calculated SAR value is less than the default SAR value threshold is determined by the transmitter, and the selected part in the transmission field converges in a canceling manner. Includes transmitting one or more power waves by a transmitter.

In another embodiment, the method of wireless power transfer transmits a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value at each spatial location in the transmitter's transmission field for one or more power waves radiated from one or more antennas. Including receiving by machine. The method further comprises determining by the transmitter the selected portion of the transmission field where the resulting SAR value exceeds a predetermined SAR value. The method further comprises transmitting one or more power waves by the transmitter so that they converge in a offsetting manner in the selected portion of the transmission field. The method further comprises transmitting one or more power waves by the transmitter so that they converge in a canceling manner to form a null space in the rest of the transmission field.

In another embodiment, the system for wireless power transfer may include one or more transmitters. Each of one or more transmitters calculates the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value at each spatial location in the transmitter's transmission field for one or more power waves emitted from one or more antennas. It may include a microprocessor configured to determine the selected portion of the transmission field where the calculated SAR value exceeds the default SAR value. Each of the one or more transmitters can further include one or more antenna arrays, and each of the one or more antenna arrays cancels out to form a null space in the selected portion of the transmission field. Includes one or more antennas configured to transmit power waves so that they converge.

Brief Description of Drawings The accompanying drawings form part of this specification and show embodiments of the present invention. The present disclosure can be better understood by reference to the drawings below. The components in the figure are not necessarily on scale and the emphasis is on demonstrating the principles of this disclosure.

A wireless power transmission system according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. The components of the system according to an exemplary embodiment are shown. The components of the system according to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1B are shown. A method for forming a pocket of energy within a wireless power transfer system according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. A method for forming a null space in a wireless power transfer system according to an exemplary embodiment is shown.

Detailed Description Next, with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures, specific languages are used herein to illustrate such embodiments. It should be understood that the description of such exemplary embodiments is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Modifications and further modifications of exemplary embodiments that are conceived by those skilled in the art holding this disclosure, as well as additional application examples that implement the principles of the features of the invention should be considered to be included in the scope of this disclosure.

Pockets of energy used to provide power wirelessly can be formed at the location of constructive interference patterns of power waves transmitted by the transmitter. The energy pocket can occur as a three-dimensional field, where the energy can be harvested by a receiver located in or near the energy pocket. On the operational side, the pockets of energy produced by the transmitter during the pocket formation process are harvested by the receiver and converted into electric charges, and the electrons associated with the receiver to operate the device or to charge the battery of the device. It can be given to a device (eg, laptop computer, smartphone, rechargeable battery). In some embodiments, multiple transmitters and / or multiple receivers may power various electronic devices. The receiver may be separable from the electronic device or integrated with the electronic device.

Constructive interference can be a type of waveform interference that can occur in the convergence of power waves at a particular location within the transmission field associated with one or more transmitters. Constructive interference can occur when the power waves converge and their respective waveform characteristics merge, thereby increasing the amount of energy concentrated at a particular location where the power waves converge. Constructive interference can result from power waves with specific waveform characteristics, so constructive interference results in an energy field or "energy pocket" at a particular location within the transmission field where the power waves converge. For periodic signals such as chirps and sine waves, constructive interference patterns are created when the positive and negative peaks of the power wave reaching a particular position are synchronized. Correlated positive and negative peaks throughout the waveform are cumulatively added to create a cumulative waveform with a larger amplitude than each of the individual power waves.

Offsetting interference can be another type of waveform interference that can occur in the convergence of power waves at a particular location within the transmission field associated with one or more transmitters. Offsetting interference reduces the amount of energy that the power waves converge at a particular position and their respective waveform characteristics are opposite to each other (ie, the waveforms cancel each other out), thereby concentrating on that particular position. Sometimes it can happen. Constructive interference can generate energy pockets when there is sufficient energy, whereas offsetting interference is a very small amount of energy at a particular location in the transmission field where the power waves converge to form offsetting interference. Or it can result in the generation of "null". For periodic waves such as chap waves and sine waves, a canceling interference pattern is created when the positive and negative peaks of the power wave reaching a particular position are reduced rather than cumulatively added, thus creating a low. A waveform signal with (ideally zero) amplitude is provided.

Transmitters are responsible for, for example, generating and transmitting power waves, forming energy pockets at locations within the transmission field, monitoring the conditions of the transmission field, and creating null space as needed. It can be an electronic device that includes other components and circuits, or is associated with such components and circuits. The transmitter generates and transmits power waves for pocket formation and / or null steering based on the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value determined by the transmitter at one or more spatial locations within the transmitter's transmission field. Can be done. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value may be determined by the processor of the transmitter and indicates the power absorbed by a living tissue such as the human body exposed to radio frequency (RF) waves. The transmitter can generate, transmit, or adjust the power wave so that the SAR value of the RF energy at a particular location in the transmission field does not exceed a predetermined SAR threshold.

The receiver can be an electronic device that includes at least one antenna, at least one rectifier circuit, and at least one power converter that can utilize energy pockets to power or charge the electronic device. "Pocket formation" can refer to the generation of one or more converging RF waves in a transmission field that form a controlled energy pocket and null space. An "energy pocket" can refer to an area or area of space in which energy or power accumulates based on the convergence of a wave and can cause constructive interference in that area or area. A "null space" can refer to an area or area of space in which no energy pocket is formed, which can be caused by the offsetting interference of waves in that area or area.

The transmitter can use one or more sampling or measurement techniques to determine the current SAR value of RF energy at one or more specific locations in the transmission field. In some implementations, values, tables, and / or algorithms that indicate to the transmitter which waveform characteristics may exceed the pre-stored SAR threshold may be preloaded into the transmitter. For example, the SAR value of the volume (V) of space located some distance (D) away from the transmitter is receiving some power wave (P) with a particular frequency (F). A lookup table can show. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that there can be any number of potential calculations that can use any number of variables to determine the SAR value of RF energy at a particular location.

In addition, the transmitter can apply the SAR value identified for a particular location in various ways when generating, transmitting, or adjusting the power wave. In some embodiments, the SAR value may be measured and used by the transmitter to maintain a constant energy level across the transmission field, the energy level is undoubtedly below the SAR threshold, but the receiver is powered. It still contains enough RF energy to convert effectively. In some implementations, the transmitter can actively modulate the power wave based on an RF that is intended to result from a newly formed power wave based on a given SAR value. For example, after deciding how to generate or regulate a power wave, but before actually transmitting the power wave, the transmitter at a particular position where the power wave to be transmitted meets or falls below the SAR threshold. It can be determined whether it results in the accumulation of RF energy. In addition, or in some implementations, the transmitter actively monitors the transmission field and the transmitter determines that the power wave passing through or accumulating at a particular location is below the SAR threshold. When, the power wave transmitted to or through a particular position can be reactively regulated. If the transmitter is configured to actively and reactively regulate the power wave, the goal of maintaining a continuous power level across the transmission field ensures that the power wave meets the SAR threshold. It may be configured to actively regulate the power waves transmitted to a particular location, but the SAR values at locations across the transmission field are continuously polled and stored at a particular location or at a particular location. It is also possible to determine whether the SAR value of the power wave passing through is unintentionally below the SAR threshold. In some embodiments, the transmitter may be configured to generate an energy pocket or null at a particular location, thus to determine if the area surrounding the energy pocket is well below the SAR threshold. The SAR value can be used to determine the effectiveness of the canceling interference pattern that creates the null space.

Although the exemplary embodiments described herein refer to the use of wave transmission techniques by RF, it should be understood that the wireless charging techniques that can be used are not limited to such RF-based techniques and techniques. Rather, understand that these are additional or alternative wireless charging techniques that may include any number of techniques and techniques for wirelessly transmitting energy to a receiver capable of converting transmission energy into electric power. Should be. Non-limiting exemplary transmission techniques for energy that can be converted to power by the receiver can include ultrasonic, microwave, laser light, infrared, or other forms of electromagnetic energy.

In some embodiments, the transmitter control system complies with standards that prevent exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) for subjects. Maximum exposure limits are set by US and European standards for power density limits and electric field limits (and magnetic field limits). These limits include, for example, the limits established by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for MPE and the limits established by European audit agencies for radiation exposure. The limits established by the FCC for MPE are codified in 47 CFR §1.1310. At electromagnetic field (EMF) frequencies within the microwave region, power densities can be used to represent the intensity of exposure. The power density is defined as the power per unit area. For example, the power density is generally expressed in terms of wattage per square meter (W / m ² ), milliwatt per square centimeter (mW / cm ² ), or microwattage per square centimeter (μW / cm ^2). be able to.

In some embodiments, the systems and methods for wireless power transfer do not expose human occupants in or near the transmission field to EMF energy near or above regulatory limits or other nominal limits. Incorporate various safety techniques to ensure that. One safety method is to include a margin of error above the nominal limit (eg, about 10% to 20%) to prevent the subject from being exposed to power levels at or near the EMF exposure limit. A second safety method is to reduce or stop wireless power transfer when a human (in some embodiments, another organism or sensitive object) approaches an energy pocket with a power density level above the EMF exposure limit. It can provide step-by-step protection measures such as pocketing.

FIG. 1A shows a wireless power transfer system 100 according to an exemplary embodiment. The wireless power transmission system 100 includes a transmitter 102 that transmits one or more power waves 104 from the antenna array 106. Non-limiting examples of the power wave 104 may include microwaves, radio waves, and ultrasonic waves. The power wave 104 is controlled by the microprocessor of the transmitter 102 to form the energy pocket 112 at one or more locations in the transmission field that the controller determines that the energy pocket 112 is needed. The transmitter 102 transmits a power wave 104 that can converge in a three-dimensional space such that the transmitted power waves create one or more null spaces in one or more positions that significantly cancel each other out. Is further configured. In some implementations, the transmitter 102 can continuously measure the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value of the area within the transmission field in order to maintain a consistent energy level across the transmission field. In such an embodiment, the maintained energy level may be high enough to power the receiver 103 charging the electronics 108, 110, but remain below a given SAR threshold. Therefore, it is not necessary in all embodiments to generate energy pockets 112 or nulls, as some embodiments may maintain uniform or near uniform safe and effective energy levels throughout the transmission field. Those skilled in the art will understand that there are cases. It will be further understood that the transmitter 102 may be configured to operate according to any combination of techniques for determining the appropriate means for delivering the power wave 104 to the receiver 103 in the transmission field.

In some embodiments, the characteristics of a power wave being transmitted at or through a given position, or a power wave that is about to be transmitted at or through a given position. The transmitter 102 stores a predetermined SAR value determination criterion, such as algorithms, variables, tables, other such information, etc. that the processor of the transmitter 102 may use to determine the SAR value at a given position based on. Can include memory or hard disk, or can be coupled to such memory or hard disk. The transmitter 102 uses known channel propagation models and empirical data on propagation losses collected before manufacturing or deployment to what the SAR is at some distance from the transmitter 102. You can calculate what is possible. For example, on the human body, such as a container filled with a liquid that can use a probe to scan the volume of space in a model of living tissue before deployment or manufacture, or with approximately equal properties of body tissue. Other models intended to be similar can be placed in the transmission field. The antenna array 106 of the transmitter 102 can transmit the power wave 104 having various characteristics that bring the power wave 104 closer to the model and intersect. The probe can measure SAR values and RF energy levels near and / or within the model. The probe can be used to register the RF energy and SAR values resulting from various waveform characteristics such as amplitude, frequency, vector characteristics, etc. of the power wave 104 transmitted by the antenna array 106. The resulting SAR value and RF energy can be stored in a memory accessible to the transmitter 102, which is the location of the transmission field based on the characteristics of the power wave 104 generated by the transmitter 102. Pre-stored data can be used to determine the SAR value in.

Each of the receiver 103 and the transmitter 102 can be a wireless communication chip configured to transmit various types of data by a communication signal 131, which is a separate wireless communication channel independent of the power wave 104. It may include communication component 111 (not shown in receiver 103). In some cases, such as receiver 103 of FIG. 1, communication components may be embedded or incorporated into electronic devices such as laptop 108 and other computers coupled to receiver 103 or transmitter 102. For example, the receiver 103 may be integrated into the laptop 108, and the communication components of the receiver 103 may include the laptop 108's native Bluetooth® chipset. In some cases, such as the transmitter 102 of FIG. 1, the communication component may be embedded or incorporated within the transmitter 102 or receiver 103. In some embodiments, the communication component may be an independent structure separate from the transmitter 102, receiver 103, or any other electronic device. The transmitter 102 may transmit a communication signal to the receiver 103 that includes an operation command for the receiver 103 to execute, or includes a request for obtaining power level data or other operation data from the receiver 103.

In some embodiments, the transmitter 102 determines how the power wave 104 should be generated and transmitted in order to effectively provide energy and to safely avoid living organisms or other sensitive objects. It is configured to be determined by the microprocessor. Determining how the power wave 104 should be generated is the transmission of the transmitter 102 for one or more power waves 104 radiated into the transmission field from one or more antennas of the transmitter 102. Obtained based on SAR values sampled or determined at each spatial location in the field. When determining how the power wave 104 should be generated and transmitted, the microcontroller transmits to transmit the physical characteristics (eg frequency, amplitude, phase) and / or power wave 104 of the power wave 104. It is possible to determine which antenna of the machine 102 can be used. The transmitter 102 determines the characteristics of the power wave 104 and / or the power wave 104 so that the power wave 104 converges at a specific position in the transmission field to create a constructive interference pattern and / or an offsetting interference pattern. A subset of antennas for transmission can be identified. In addition or / or the microcontroller can determine the characteristics and / or antenna for transmitting the power wave 104 so that the power wave 104 spans the entire transmission field or one or more specific localities in the transmission field. Generates a uniform or nearly uniform energy level in.

As an example, the microprocessor of the transmitter 102 selects the waveform type of the power wave 104 (eg, charp, sinusoidal, serrated, stepped) based on a particular SAR value sampled at a particular location in the transmission field. It is possible to select the output frequency of the power wave 104, the shape of one or more antenna arrays 106, and the spacing of one or more antennas in at least one antenna array 106. Using one or more of these selections or decisions, the transmitter 100 can generate and transmit the power wave 104 so that the power wave 104 forms one energy pocket 112 at the target position. Alternatively, power is supplied to a plurality of electronic devices 108 and 110. In some embodiments, based on the SAR value at each spatial location within the transmission field of the transmitter 102, the microprocessor of the transmitter 102 has the output frequency of the power wave 104, the shape of one or more antenna arrays 106, and at least. It is further configured to select the spacing of one or more antennas in one antenna array 106 to form one or more null spaces at positions within the transmission field of the transmitter 102. An energy pocket is formed in which the power wave 104 accumulates to form a three-dimensional field of energy.

In some embodiments, the antennas of the antenna array 106 of the transmitter 102 can operate as a single array of one or more antennas. In some other embodiments, the array can be segmented into subsets in which the microcontroller operates to service multiple devices or regions within the transmission field. In one embodiment, the antenna array 106 can include antenna elements, the height of at least one antenna in the array 106 can range from about 1/8 inch to about 1 inch, and the width of at least one antenna is It can be from about 1/8 inch to about 1 inch. The distance between two adjacent antennas in the antenna array 106 can be from about 1/3 to about 12 lambdas. For example, in some cases the distance between the antennas may be longer than about 1 lambda, in some cases the distance between the antennas may be from about 1 lambda to about 10 lambdas, and in some cases the distance may be It can be from about 4 lambdas to about 10 lambdas. Lambda is the wavelength of the power wave 106 and can be used as the length of spacing between the antennas of the antenna array 106.

The transmitter 102 calculates a SAR value at each spatial position in the transmission field of the transmitter 102 for one or more power waves 104 radiated from one or more antennas of the antenna array 106 in the transmission field. In some embodiments, the microprocessor of the transmitter 102 compares the calculated SAR value at each spatial position with the threshold SAR value. For example, according to FCC regulations, the default SAR value is about 1.6 watts (W / Kg) per kilogram, so the transmitter 102 has a power wave 102 that accumulates at a particular location of 2.0 W / Kg. If a constructive interference pattern is generated, thereby determining that the threshold is no longer met, various characteristics of the power wave 102 can be adjusted to reduce the amount of energy or power stored at a particular location in the transmission field. ..

In some embodiments, the transmitter 102 can generate, transmit, or adjust the power wave 104 if the calculated SAR value at a spatial position does not meet the default SAR value threshold. The microprocessor of the transmitter 104 can be configured to determine the characteristics of the power wave 104 and / or from which antenna the power wave 104 is transmitted so that the power wave 104 is in a particular position. Converges to form a canceling interference pattern in the transmission field, resulting in a very small, negligible, or no null space with very little energy storage in that part of the transmission field. In some implementations, in order to generate null space, the transmitter 102 forms a first set of power waves 104 that constructively converge to form pockets of energy 112, and then forms null space. It is possible to generate a second set of power waves 104 that converge to cancel each other out. In some embodiments, based on the SAR values sampled at one or more locations in the transmission field, the microprocessor generates and transmits the power wave 104 so that it converges constructively at a particular location within the transmission field. The power wave 104 can be generated, transmitted, or adjusted so as to cancel each other out to form one or more null spaces at other positions in the transmission field at the same time.

In yet another embodiment, if the calculated SAR value in the selected portion of the transmission field is below the default SAR value, the microprocessor will constructively converge the power wave 104 in the selected portion of the transmission field. Any other type of power wave 104 that selects the type of power wave 104 to be transmitted to, and at the same time converges offsetly to form one or more null spaces in a portion of the transmission field other than the selected portion. Is configured to transmit. These power waves 104 can also be created by using a local oscillator chip that uses an external power source and a piezoelectric material. In some embodiments, the power wave 104 is constantly controlled by the microprocessor of the transmitter 102, which may also include a proprietary chip for adjusting the phase and / or relative amplitude of the power wave 104.

The microprocessor of the transmitter 102 can continuously or periodically receive and / or calculate the SAR value according to one or more sampling triggers or parameters. In some examples, the microprocessor can determine the SAR value for a given position according to the position sampling interval (eg, 1 inch interval or 1 foot interval). In some examples, the microprocessor can continuously determine the SAR value of the position, or it can determine the SAR value at a sampling interval of a given time. In some examples, the microprocessor can determine or receive the SAR value of the position each time there is a change in the frequency value of one or more power waves 104. During sampling, the microprocessor of transmitter 102 determines the SAR value of the new or adjusted power wave 104 at each predetermined position or sampling interval at a given position, and a new SAR obtained for each spatial position in the transmission field. Compare the value with the default SAR value threshold. Based on the comparison results, the microprocessor can identify, for example, a location within the transmission field area where the corresponding newly calculated SAR value no longer meets the default SAR value. The microprocessor of the transmitter 102 manipulates the frequency, phase, amplitude, or other characteristics of the transmitted power wave 104 and / or the selection of a new set of antennas or antenna arrays for transmitting the new power wave 104. The transmission of the power wave 104 can be controlled.

The transmitter 102 can receive the position data of one or more receivers in the transmission field of the transmitter 102. In another embodiment, the transmitter 102 determines the position data of one or more receivers in the transmission field of the transmitter 102. The transmitter 102 calculates a SAR value at each of the positions of one or more receivers and in a zone surrounding a predetermined distance from one or more receivers in the transmission field of the transmitter 102. In another embodiment, at each of the locations of one or more receivers measured and reported by the receiver, and within a zone surrounding a predetermined distance from one or more receivers within the transmission field of transmitter 102. The transmitter 102 receives the SAR value of. The microprocessor of transmitter 102 then defines a calculated SAR value at each of the positions of one or more receivers and within a zone surrounding a predetermined distance from one or more receivers in the transmission field. Compare with SAR value. In one embodiment, the default SAR value can be 1.6 watts (W / Kg) per kilogram. In another embodiment, the default SAR value can be any value established by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

The calculated SAR value at each of the positions of the one or more receivers and within the zone surrounding the predetermined distance from the one or more receivers satisfies the default SAR value in the selected portion of the transmission field. In this case, the transmitter 102 can generate, transmit, or adjust the power wave 104 so that it converges constructively in the selected portion of the transmission field. In another embodiment, the calculated SAR value at each of the positions of one or more receivers and within the zone surrounding a predetermined distance from one or more receivers is within the selected portion of the transmission field. If the default SAR value is not met, the microprocessor generates one or more power waves 104 to cancel out and converge to form one or more null spaces in the selected portion of the transmission field. , Transmit, or regulated.

To determine the location of one or more receivers, the transmitter 102 can continuously transmit the power wave 104 and the communication signal within the transmission field of the transmitter 102. The power wave 104 can be any kind of wave with any set of properties that can power one or more receivers at a given location in the transmission field. Non-limiting examples of power waves can include ultrasonic waves, microwaves, infrared waves, and radio frequency waves. The power wave 104 uses a set of physical properties (eg, frequency, phase, energy level, amplitude, distance, direction) that cause the power wave 104 to provide a high energy level at a given location in the transmission field. Can be transmitted. In some embodiments, the transmitter 102 can transmit a so-called exploratory power wave, which is higher than the power level normally used for the power wave feeding one or more receivers. It is a power wave with a relatively low power level. The exploratory power wave may be used to identify one or more receivers and / or the appropriate characteristics of the power wave 104 that ultimately feeds one or more receivers in the transmission field. Can be used to determine.

The communication signal can be any kind of wave used by electrical equipment to communicate data by the associated protocol. Non-limiting examples may include Bluetooth®, NFC, Wi-Fi, ZigBee® and the like. The communication signal can be used to communicate the parameters used by the transmitter 102 to properly formulate the power wave 104. The communication signal may include data describing the characteristics of the low level power wave being transmitted. This data can indicate, for example, the direction and energy level of the power wave 104 transmitted with the communication signal.

One or more antennas of one or more receivers can receive the power wave 104 and the communication signal from the transmitter 102. The power wave 104 may have a waveform characteristic that imparts a low level of power to the power wave 104. The communication signal may include data indicating the characteristics of the power wave 104. When the transmitter 102 formulates and / or transmits the power wave 104 in a specific direction or at a specific position in the transmission field, the communication component 111 of the transmitter 102 generates data describing the power wave 104 and a communication signal. It can be transmitted within 114. For example, the communication signal 114 may indicate information about the power wave, such as amplitude, frequency, energy level, trajectory of the power wave, desired position where the power wave is transmitted, and the like.

In some embodiments, the data in the communication signal is used as an input parameter and the receiver 103 is instructed about its location, such as clear communication of location information or exploratory low power within a segment or subsegment. The transmitter 102 may be responsive to reception of the wave transmission and / or communication indicating confirmation that the exploratory wave power level described above exceeds a certain threshold in the transmission field. One or more receivers may include a processor configured to generate a message to respond to the transmitter 102 with instructions about its location. One or more receivers may or may not be incorporated into an electronic device (eg, in a smartphone) that includes a processor configured to generate a message indicating the location of the receiver when receiving a low power wave transmission. For example, it can be combined with a smartphone backpack). In an alternative embodiment, one or more receivers can determine their position based on the characteristics of the received power wave indicated by the received communication signal and transmit it to the transmitter 102.

In one embodiment, one or more antennas can be fixed on the moving element and a pocket or null space of energy based on the result of comparison between the calculated SAR value for a given portion and the default SAR value. The distance between one or more antennas in each of the one or more antenna arrays is dynamically adjusted depending on the position of the part in the transmission field that needs to form. The moving element is any mechanical actuator controlled by the microprocessor of the transmitter. The microprocessor of the transmitter determines the position of a part in the transmission field and controls the movement of the mechanical actuator on which the antenna is mounted based on the position of that part.

Due to the arrangement of one or more antennas, one or more antennas in each of the one or more antenna arrays may be configured to transmit one or more power waves at different times from each other. In another embodiment, one or more antennas in each of the one or more antenna arrays each have one or more powers at different times due to the timing circuit controlled by the microprocessor microprocessor. It can be configured to carry waves. Timing circuits can be used to select different transmission times for each of the one or more antennas. In one example, the microprocessor may preconfigure a timing circuit depending on the timing of transmitting one or more transmission waves from each of the one or more antennas. In another example, the transmission depends on the location of the part in the transmission field where an energy pocket or null space needs to be formed based on the comparison between the calculated SAR value for a given part and the default SAR value. The machine can delay the transmission of a small number of transmitted waves from a small number of antennas.

In one implementation, the transmitter can include an antenna circuit coupled to a switch, each of the antennas in the antenna array with a calculated SAR value and a default SAR value for a given position. It is adjusted or selected according to the position in the transmission field where a power wave, an energy pocket, or a null space needs to be formed or transmitted based on the comparison result of. In one embodiment, turning on the first pair of antennas of one or more antennas allows the direction of the power wave to be directed in the first direction, and one or more antennas. The antenna array is configured so that the direction of the power wave of the antenna array can be directed in the second direction by turning on the second set of antennas. The second set of antennas may include one or more antennas from the first set of antennas, or may not include any antennas from the first set. In one embodiment, the power waves of the antenna array can be directed in the plurality of directions by turning on a set of antennas from one or more antennas in each of the plurality of directions. In some embodiments, the choice of antennas in the first set of antennas and the second set of antennas is the antennas in the first set of antennas and the antennas in the second set of antennas. Based on the distance between. In some embodiments, the distance is selected so that the power waves emanating from the first, second, or arbitrary set of antennas generate an effective transmission of energy pockets at the desired location. Will be done.

In another embodiment, the transmitter comprises at least two antenna arrays. In one example, the at least two antenna arrays include a first antenna array and a second antenna array. In some embodiments, the microprocessor is configured to control the spacing between the first antenna array and the second antenna array. In some embodiments, depending on the location in the transmission field where an energy pocket or null space needs to be formed based on the comparison between the calculated SAR value for a given portion and the default SAR value. The distance between the first antenna array and the second antenna array is dynamically adjusted. In one embodiment, the first antenna array and the second antenna array may have a planar shape, and the offset distance between at least two antenna arrays is 4 inches.

In another embodiment, the transmitter comprises at least two antenna arrays. In one example, the at least two antenna arrays include a first antenna array and a second antenna array. It should be noted that for the sake of brevity, the first antenna array and the second antenna array have been described, but without departing from the scope of the disclosed embodiments, there are three or more antenna arrays. Can be included in the system. Each of the first antenna array and the second antenna array comprises one or more rows and one or more columns of antennas configured to carry one or more power waves. In one example, an energy pocket or a null space needs to be formed based on the comparison between the calculated SAR value for a given portion and the default SAR value, depending on the location in the transmission field and at the same time the energy pocket. Both the first antenna array and the second antenna array are used to produce. In another example, an energy pocket or null space needs to be formed based on the comparison between the calculated SAR value for a given portion and the default SAR value, depending on the location in the transmission field and at the same time null. Both a first antenna array and a second antenna array are used to create space. In another example, energy depends on the location in the transmission field where an energy pocket or null space needs to be formed based on the comparison between the calculated SAR value for a given portion and the default SAR value. Both the first antenna array and the second antenna array are used to create pockets and null spaces in the space.

FIG. 1B shows the components of the system 100 according to an exemplary embodiment. This exemplary system ensures that the level of SAR does not exceed the SAR threshold, but leaves sufficient RF energy for the receiver 103 to capture and convert power for the electronic device 108 coupled to the receiver 103. As such, the transmitter 102 is configured to transmit one or more power waves 104 intended to maintain a constant energy level. In some embodiments, the first position 105 contains sufficient RF energy for which the RF energy exceeds the SAR threshold, and the second position 107 contains RF energy that is uniform throughout the transmission field and conforms to the SAR threshold. .. The transmitter 102 can detect the non-compliant SAR value of the first position 105 by any number of techniques. For example, the transmitter 102 can continuously determine the SAR value of the power wave 104 that the transmitter 102 is generating at a particular position at a given distance interval. In such an example, the transmitter 102 is located at a given distance from the transmitter 102 and a first position 105 located at a specific horizontal spacing causes the RF energy at that position to exceed the SAR value threshold. It can be determined to have a transmitted power wave 104 with specific characteristics. The transmitter 102 can therefore determine that the power wave 104 can be tuned to maintain a uniform energy level across the transmission field.

FIG. 1C shows the components of the system 100 according to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1B. In FIG. 1C, the transmitter 102 may be adjusting the power wave 104 generated and transmitted by the transmitter 102 in order to weaken the RF energy above the SAR threshold at the first position 105. Therefore, the RF energy of the power wave 104 remains uniform throughout the transmission field.

FIG. 2 shows a method for forming a pocket of energy within a wireless power transfer system according to an exemplary embodiment.

In the first step 202, the transmitter (TX) determines the SAR value for each spatial position in the transmitter's transmission field for one or more power waves in the transmission field radiated from one or more antennas. .. For example, in another embodiment, TX determines the SAR value obtained for each spatial position in the transmission field for one or more power waves in the transmission field radiated from one or more antennas.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the SAR value can be pre-determined or modeled according to some waveform parameters. The model and predetermined values are stored in the memory of the TX or pre-programmed in the processor of the TX, and the waveform parameters are known to the TX as a result of determining how to generate, transmit, or adjust the power wave. Has been done. For example, the transmitter uses a model that uses the frequency, power level, antenna strength, and distance of one or more power waves that fall into a volume of space where a particular location is found, and the SAR value at a particular location. Samples can be determined. Using these known values and models, TX can determine how much power is generated by the power wave in the volume containing its location.

In the next step 204, the transmitter compares the SAR value for each spatial position in the transmission field with respect to one or more power waves in the transmission field radiated from one or more antennas to the default SAR value. In one embodiment, the default SAR value is 1.6 watts (W / Kg) per kilogram. In another embodiment, the default SAR value can be any value established by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

In the next step 206, the microprocessor microprocessor runs one or more software modules to analyze the comparison of the SAR value for each spatial location in the transmission field with the default SAR value, and based on that analysis. The safe area in the transmission field can be identified. In one embodiment, the safe area is an area within the transmission field where the calculated SAR value is below a predetermined SAR threshold.

The microprocessor then determines the safety zone distance and extent from the transmitter and is generated by the waveform generator running one or more software modules based on the determined safety zone distance and extent. Select the power wave, select the output frequency of the power wave, select a subset of antennas from the fixed physical shape of one or more antenna arrays corresponding to the desired spacing of the antennas, and select the energy in the safe zone. Pockets can be formed.

In one embodiment, the transmitter may adjust the power wave for the distance and size of the safe area. For example, the transmitter can adjust the phase in which the antenna of the transmitter transmits power. Once the optimal configuration of the antenna is known, the transmitter's memory can memorize the configuration and keep the transmitter transmitting at its highest level. In another embodiment, the transmitter's algorithm can determine when the power wave needs to be adjusted based on the determined distance and size of the safe area from the transmitter, and of the transmitter's antenna. The configuration can also be changed. For example, the transmitter may determine that the power received in a safe area is less than maximum, based on the distance and size of the safe area determined. The transmitter can adjust the phase of the power wave.

In the next step 208, one or more power waves are transmitted so that the transmitter converges constructively in the safe area within the transmission field in order to create a pocket of energy in the safe area.

FIG. 3 shows a method for forming a null space in a wireless power transfer system according to an exemplary embodiment.

In the first step 302, the transmitter (TX) calculates the SAR value for each spatial position in the transmitter's transmission field. In another embodiment, the TX receives a SAR value obtained for each spatial position in the transmission field.

In the next step 304, the transmitter compares the SAR value for each spatial position in the transmission field with the default SAR value. In one embodiment, the default SAR value is 1.6 watts (W / Kg) per kilogram. In another embodiment, the default SAR value can be any value established by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

In the next step 306, the microprocessor microprocessor runs one or more software modules to analyze the comparison of the SAR value for each spatial location in the transmission field with the default SAR value, and based on that analysis. It is possible to identify the unsafe area in the transmission field. In one embodiment, the unsafe area is an area in the transmission field where the SAR value calculated for each spatial position in the transmission field exceeds the default SAR value.

The microprocessor then determines the distance and size of the unsafe area from the transmitter and executes one or more software modules based on the determined distance and size of the unsafe area from the transmitter to waveform the waveform. Select the power wave generated by the generator, select the output frequency of the power wave, select a subset of antennas from the fixed physical shape of one or more antenna arrays corresponding to the desired spacing of the antennas. It is possible to form a null space in an unsafe area.

In one embodiment, in order to form a null space in the unsafe zone, the distance and width of the unsafe zone from the transmitter calculated according to the transmitter algorithm causes the generation and transmission of power waves by the antenna of the transmitter. Can be changed. For example, the transmitter can adjust the phase in which the antenna of the transmitter transmits power. Once the optimal configuration of the antenna is known, the transmitter's memory can memorize the configuration and keep the transmitter transmitting at its highest level. In another embodiment, the transmitter's algorithm can determine when the power wave needs to be adjusted based on the determined distance and size of the unsafe area from the transmitter, and the transmitter's antenna. The configuration of can also be changed.

In the next step 308, the transmitter transmits one or more power waves so that they converge in an unsafe area within the transmission field to form a null space. In one embodiment, the unsafe area may receive multiple power transfer signals from the transmitter. Each of the plurality of power transfer signals includes power waves from the plurality of antennas of the transmitter. The composite of these power transfer signals can be near zero, as the power waves combine to create a null space.

In another embodiment, the transmitter waveform generator may generate at least two power waves. At least two power waves generated can have different frequencies. In some embodiments, a change in phase at the frequency of at least one of the two power waves can result in the formation of a unified power wave. The uniform power wave can create a pocket of energy in an area other than the unsafe area in the transmission field and form a null space in the unsafe area in the transmission field.

The above method description and process flow diagram are provided as helpful examples only and are not intended to require or imply that the steps of the various embodiments must be performed in the order presented. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the steps in the above embodiments can be performed in any order. Words such as "next" and "next" are not intended to limit the order of the steps, and these words are used merely to teach the reader an explanation of how to do this. Operations may be described as sequential processes in the process flow diagram, but many operations can be performed in parallel or simultaneously. In addition, the order of operations can be rearranged. Processes can correspond to methods, functions, procedures, subroutines, subprograms, and so on. If the process corresponds to a function, its termination may correspond to the function returning to the calling function or the main function.

The various explanatory logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination thereof. .. To articulate the compatibility of this hardware with software, various explanatory components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above in general in terms of their functionality. Whether the function is implemented as hardware or software depends on individual application examples and design constraints imposed on the entire system. Those skilled in the art can implement the described features in various ways for each individual application, but such implementation decisions should not be construed as causing a deviation from the scope of the invention.

The embodiments implemented by computer software can be implemented by software, firmware, middleware, microcode, a hardware description language, or any combination thereof. A code segment or machine executable instruction may represent a procedure, function, subprogram, program, routine, subroutine, module, software package, class, or any combination of instruction, data structure, or program statement. By passing and / or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory content, a code segment can be coupled to another code segment or hardware circuit. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. can be passed, transferred, or transmitted by any suitable means, including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, and the like.

The actual software code or dedicated control hardware used to implement these systems and methods does not limit the invention. Therefore, it is understood that software and control hardware can be designed to implement the systems and methods according to the description herein, and the behavior and behavior of the systems and methods will be described without reference to specific software code. did.

When implemented by software, these functions can be stored as one or more instructions or codes on a non-temporary computer-readable or processor-readable storage medium. The steps of the methods or algorithms disclosed herein can be performed by processor executable software modules that may be on computer-readable or processor-readable storage media. Non-transient computer-readable or processor-readable media include both computer storage media and tangible storage media that help transfer computer programs from one location to another. The non-temporary processor readable storage medium can be any usable medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, but not by limitation, such non-temporary processor readable media are RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage device, or desired in instructional or data structure format. It may include any other tangible storage medium that can be used to store the program code of and can be accessed by a computer or processor. As used herein, a disk (disk) and disc (while discs), includes compact disc (CD), a laser disc, wherein the optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu-ray Disc , Disks usually replicate data magnetically, whereas discs optically replicate data with a laser. A combination of the above should also be included in the scope of computer readable media. Moreover, the operation of the method or algorithm can be on a non-transitory processor-readable medium and / or computer-readable medium as one of the codes and / or instructions that can be incorporated into a computer program product or as any combination or set. ..
The scope of claims at the time of filing is added below.
[Clause 1]
A plurality of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values are measured by a transmitter, and each SAR value is the transmitter for one or more power waves radiated from one or more antennas of the transmitter. Corresponding to individual spatial positions in the transmission field, measuring,
The transmitter determines the selected space position in the transmission field where the first measured SAR value among the plurality of SAR values does not satisfy the threshold value of the predetermined SAR value.
To transmit the one or more power waves by the transmitter so as to cancel each other out at or near the selected space position in the transmission field.
Methods of wireless power transfer, including.
[Clause 2]
The transmitter determines an additional spatial position in the transmission field where the second measured SAR value of the plurality of SAR values satisfies the threshold of the predetermined SAR value, and.
Transmitting the one or more power waves by the transmitter so as to constructively converge at the additional spatial position in the transmission field.
The method according to 1 above, further comprising.
[Clause 3]
Either one or two above, wherein the transmission of the one or more power waves that converge in a canceling manner forms one or more null spaces at or near the selected space position in the transmission field. The method described in paragraph 1.
[Clause 4]
The method according to any one of 1 to 3 above, wherein the default SAR value is about 1.6 watts (W / Kg) per kilogram.
[Clause 5]
The method according to any one of 1 to 4 above, further comprising receiving the position data relating to the position of the transmitter in the transmission field in relation to one or more receivers by the transmitter.
[Clause 6]
Any one of 1 to 5 above, wherein the one or more power waves include a power wave selected from the group composed of electromagnetic waves, radio waves, microwaves, acoustic effects, ultrasonic waves, and magnetic resonance. The method described in.
[Clause 7]
The item according to any one of 1 to 6 above, wherein the transmitter includes one or more antenna arrays, and individual antenna arrays of the one or more antenna arrays include the one or more antennas. Method.
[Clause 8]
A plurality of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values are determined by a transmitter, and each SAR value is the transmission for one or more power waves radiated from one or more antennas of the transmitter. Determining, corresponding to individual spatial locations within the transmission field of the machine,
The transmitter determines the selected spatial position in the transmission field where the first measured SAR value does not meet the default SAR value threshold.
Determining by the transmitter an additional spatial position within the transmission field where the second measured SAR value satisfies the threshold of the predetermined SAR value.
To transmit the one or more power waves by the transmitter so as to cancel each other out at or near the selected space position in the transmission field, and.
Transmitting the one or more power waves by the transmitter so as to constructively converge to form a pocket of energy in the additional spatial location within the transmission field.
Methods of wireless power transfer, including.
[Clause 9]
8. The method of 8 above, wherein the default SAR value is about 1.6 watts (W / Kg) per kilogram.
[Clause 10]
Any one of 8 to 9 above, wherein the one or more power waves include a power wave selected from the group consisting of electromagnetic waves, radio waves, microwaves, acoustic effects, ultrasonic waves, and magnetic resonance. The method described in.
[Clause 11]
The item according to any one of 8 to 10 above, wherein the transmitter includes one or more antenna arrays, and individual antenna arrays of the one or more antenna arrays include the one or more antennas. Method.
[Clause 12]
A system for wireless power transfer that includes one or more transmitters.
Measuring multiple Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values, each SAR value corresponding to an individual spatial position within the transmitter's transmission field, measuring, and measuring.
To determine the selected space position in the transmission field where the first measured SAR value satisfies the threshold value of the predetermined SAR value.
With a microprocessor configured to do
One or more antenna arrays, the individual antenna arrays of the one or more antenna arrays being offset to form a null space at or near the selected space location in the transmission field. With one or more antenna arrays, including one or more antennas configured to transmit power waves that converge to
Is included in the individual transmitters of the one or more transmitters.
system.
[Clause 13]
Depending on determining that the first measured SAR value does not meet the threshold of the predetermined SAR value, (i) the one or more to form the desired shape and spacing between the individual antennas. Select the individual antennas from each of the antenna arrays, and (ii) the output frequency of the one or more power waves.
The one or more power waves are transmitted by the selected individual antennas and using the selected output frequency to bring the null space at or near the selected space location in the transmission field. Competitively converge the one or more power waves to form
12. The system according to 12 above, wherein the microprocessor is configured as described above.
[Clause 14]
A second measured SAR value out of the plurality of SAR values determines an additional spatial position within the transmission field that satisfies the threshold of the predetermined SAR value.
Depending on determining that the second measured SAR value satisfies the threshold of the predetermined SAR value, (i) the one or more to form the desired shape and spacing between the individual antennas. Select individual antennas from each of the antenna arrays, and (ii) the output frequency of the one or more power waves.
To transmit the one or more power waves by the selected individual antenna and using the selected output frequency to form a pocket of energy in the additional spatial location within the transmission field. Constructively converge the one or more power waves
The system according to any one of 12 to 13 above, wherein the microprocessor is configured as described above.
[Clause 15]
The system according to any one of 12 to 14 above, wherein the default SAR value is about 1.6 watts (W / Kg) per kilogram.
[Clause 16]
The system according to any one of 12 to 15, wherein the one or more power waves include a chirp wave having a frequency that is constantly changed by the microprocessor.
[Clause 17]
A receiver comprising one or more antennas in which the additional spatial location is configured to receive energy from said one or more power waves to charge a target electronic device associated with said receiver. The system according to 14 above.
[Clause 18]
At least one of the one or more antennas is selected from the group consisting of planar antennas, patch antennas, and dipole antennas.
The height of at least one of the antennas is from about 1/8 inch to about 1 inch.
The width of at least one antenna is about 1/8 inch to about 1 inch,
The system according to any one of 12 to 17 above.
[Clause 19]
Individual one or more antennas in the individual one or more antenna arrays of the one or more transmitters pocket-forming multi-channel operation with at least one of a single array, a pair array, and a quad array. The system according to any one of 12 to 18 above, configured to operate at an independent frequency that allows it.
[Clause 20]
Any one of 12 to 19 above, wherein the one or more power waves include a power wave selected from the group consisting of electromagnetic waves, radio waves, microwaves, acoustic effects, ultrasonic waves, and magnetic resonance. The system described in.

Claims (17)

In a transmitter configured to wirelessly provide power to multiple receivers in different spatial locations within a radio frequency (RF) transmission field.
(I) A first receiver located in a first spatial position of the RF transmission field serviced by the transmitter, and (ii) a second of the RF transmission field that is different from the first spatial position. The second receiver located in the spatial position of is identified by the transmitter.
Before the transmitter transmits one or more RF power waves that provide usable power to the first receiver or the second receiver.
(I) The first specific absorption rate (SAR) value of the first spatial position based on the position of the first spatial position with respect to the transmitter, and (ii) the second spatial position with respect to the transmitter. The second SAR value of the second spatial position based on the position of is determined by the transmitter, and
The transmitter determines whether the first SAR value of the first spatial position satisfies the threshold value of the default SAR value, and the first SAR value of the first spatial position is the default. The one or a plurality of RF power waves are transmitted by the transmitter with respect to the position of the first receiver according to the determination that the threshold value of the SAR value of the above is satisfied. Receiver uses and transmits energy from the one or more RF power waves received by the first receiver to power an electronic device coupled to the first receiver. thing,
Methods of wireless power transfer systems, including. The one or more RF power waves transmitted to the location of the first receiver have at least one common characteristic.
The method further comprises determining by the transmitter whether the second SAR value at the second spatial position satisfies the threshold of the SAR value.
In response to the determination that the second SAR value of the second spatial position does not meet the threshold of the predetermined SAR value, the transmitter causes the at least the position of the second receiver with respect to the position of the second receiver. The method of claim 1, wherein the RF power wave having one common characteristic is not transmitted. One or more that converge at the position of the second receiver in response to the determination that the second SAR value at the second spatial position does not meet the threshold of the predetermined SAR value. A claim that further comprises transmitting additional RF power waves by said transmitter, wherein the one or more additional RF power waves converge offsetly to form one or more null spaces. The method according to 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold of the predetermined SAR value is within a margin of error greater than 1.6 watts (W / Kg) per kilogram. Identifying the first and second receivers further includes receiving the position data relating to the location associated with the first and second receivers by the transmitter, at least partially in the position data. The method according to claim 1, which is carried out based on the above. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitter comprises one or more antenna arrays, and each of the one or more antenna arrays comprises one or more antennas. A system for wireless power transfer that includes one or more transmitters.
Each of the one or more transmitters configured to wirelessly provide power to multiple receivers at different spatial locations within a radio frequency (RF) transmission field.
(I) A first receiver located in a first spatial position of the RF transmission field serviced by the transmitter, and (ii) a second of the RF transmission field that is different from the first spatial position. Identify a second receiver located in space and transmit one or more RF power waves that provide usable power to the first receiver or the second receiver. Before you do
(I) The first specific absorption rate (SAR) value of the first spatial position based on the position of the first spatial position with respect to the transmitter, and (ii) the second spatial position with respect to the transmitter. To determine the second SAR value of the second spatial position based on the position of
Determining whether the first SAR value at the first spatial position satisfies the threshold of the default SAR value.
With a microprocessor configured to do
The RF power wave is configured to be transmitted to the position of the first receiver in response to the determination that the first SAR value of the first spatial position satisfies the threshold value of the predetermined SAR value. Includes one or more antenna arrays, including one or more antennas.
system. The system according to claim 7, wherein the threshold value of the predetermined SAR value is within a margin of error exceeding 1.6 watts (W / Kg) per kilogram. The RF power wave, saw including a switch chirp wave,
The microprocessor
The SAR value of one or more spatial positions in the RF transmission field is continuously determined.
The frequency of the chirp wave is selected based on the determined SAR value.
7. The system of claim 7 , further configured as such. At least one antenna of the one or more transmitters is selected from the group consisting of planar antennas, patch antennas, and dipole antennas, the height of the at least one antenna being from about 1/8 inch to about. The system of claim 7, wherein the system is 1 inch and the width of at least one antenna is from about 1/8 inch to about 1 inch. A claim configured such that the one or more antennas of the one or more transmitters are segmented into a subset for servicing a plurality of devices or regions within the RF transmission field. Item 7. The system according to item 7. Depending on the determination that the first SAR value does not meet the predetermined SAR value threshold, (i) from the one or more antenna arrays to create the desired spacing between the individual antennas. Select the individual antennas and (ii) the output frequency of the RF power wave.
Null in or near the first spatial position within the RF transmission field by transmitting the one or more RF power waves by and using the selected individual antennas and using the selected output frequencies. 7. The system of claim 7, wherein the microprocessor is configured to cancel out the one or more RF power waves to form a space. It is determined whether or not the second SAR value out of the plurality of SAR values satisfies the threshold value of the default SAR value.
Depending on the determination that the second SAR value meets the threshold of the predetermined SAR value, (i) the individual from the one or more antenna arrays to create the desired spacing between the individual antennas. Antenna and (ii) the output frequency of the RF power wave,
Said to transmit additional RF power waves by said individual antennas selected and using said output frequency to form a pocket of energy in said second spatial position within said RF transmission field. The system of claim 7, wherein the microprocessor is configured to constructively converge additional RF power waves. A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium that stores executable instructions, configured to wirelessly provide power to multiple receivers at different spatial locations within a radio frequency (RF) transmission field, at least one. When executed by a transmitter, including one processor and antenna array,
(I) A first receiver located in a first spatial position of the RF transmission field serviced by the transmitter, and (ii) a second of the RF transmission field that is different from the first spatial position. Identifying the second receiver located in the spatial location of
Before transmitting one or more RF power waves that provide usable power to the first receiver or the second receiver.
(I) The first specific absorption rate (SAR) value of the first spatial position based on the position of the first spatial position with respect to the transmitter, and (ii) the second spatial position with respect to the transmitter. To determine the second SAR value of the second spatial position based on the position of
The transmitter determines whether the first SAR value of the first spatial position satisfies the threshold value of the default SAR value, and the first SAR value of the first spatial position is the default. The one or a plurality of RF power waves are transmitted by the antenna array with respect to the position of the first receiver according to the determination that the threshold value of the SAR value of the above is satisfied. Receiver uses and transmits energy from the one or more RF power waves received by the first receiver to power an electronic device coupled to the first receiver. A non-temporary computer-readable storage medium that causes the transmitter to do this. The non-temporary computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the one or more RF power waves converge constructively at the location of the first receiver. When the executable instruction is executed on the transmitter,
Another RF power wave that cancels out and converges at the position of the first receiver in response to the determination that the first SAR value at the first spatial position does not meet the threshold of the predetermined SAR value. The non-temporary computer-readable storage medium according to claim 14, wherein the transmitter further performs transmission by the antenna array. When the executable instruction is executed on the transmitter,
Transmitting an exploratory RF power wave having a power level relatively lower than the power level of the one or more RF power waves transmitted by the transmitter, and the exploratory RF power from the first receiver. Receiving a communication indicating the reception of a wave, which further causes the transmitter to receive, the communication containing data used to characterize the exploratory RF power wave.
Appropriate characteristics of the one or more RF power waves transmitted by the transmitter are determined at least in part based on the data used to determine the characteristics of the exploratory RF power waves. The non-temporary computer-readable storage medium according to claim 14.

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