JP6853098B2 - Screen printing plate and manufacturing method of screen printing plate - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a double-structured screen printing plate formed by laminating a screen master on a screen mesh stretched on a frame and a method for manufacturing the same, and in particular, the stability of image formation is higher than that of the conventional one, and the printing resistance is high. It relates to a screen printing plate having improved properties and a method for producing the same.

The following Patent Document 1 discloses an invention of a screen frame by a double-stretching technique of a screen and a stencil base paper. The screen frame 1 includes a frame body 3, a screen 4 attached to the lower surface of the frame body 3, and a masking tape 6 for sealing the periphery of a stencil base paper 5 provided on the lower surface of the screen 4. The masking tape 6 seals the screen 4 and fixes the stencil base paper 5 to the lower surface of the screen 4. When the screen frame 1 is provided in the screen printing apparatus, the lower surface of the screen frame 1 is brought into close contact with the upper surface of the printing paper, and the ink is squeezed from the upper surface, the ink passes through the screen 4 and the stencil base paper 5 and is transferred to the printing paper for printing. An image is formed on the paper. Since the screen 4 around the stencil base paper 5 is covered with the masking tape 6, ink does not leak from this portion. When changing the printed image, the masking tape 6 may be peeled off to remove the stencil base paper, and another stencil base paper may be attached, which saves time and effort and reduces the printing cost.

The following Patent Document 2 discloses an invention of a screen printing frame which is an improvement of the double-stretching technique. This screen printing frame is composed of a screen mesh stretched on a predetermined frame with a predetermined tension and a prefabricated screen master arranged on one side of the screen mesh. By making the tension strength at the time of stretching higher than the tension strength at the time of arranging the screen master, the strength is sufficiently maintained even during large format printing, and excessive tension is not applied to the printing screen. It has become possible to ensure accuracy.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-166546 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-194866

In both the inventions of the screen frame or the screen printing frame disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, a screen composed of a heat-sensitive film and a support with respect to one surface of a screen mesh fixed to the frame. It has a structure in which the support side of the master is bonded. That is, two layers of a fiber structure called a screen mesh and a support are adhered to form a continuous fiber layer. At the time of printing, the film of the screen master is faced with the object to be printed, and the ink is squeezed from the other side of the screen mesh. The squeezed ink passes through the fiber layer and is transferred from the plate-making image of the film to the object to be printed, and a printed image is formed.

As described above, in the structure in which the screen mesh of the fiber structure and the support are in contact with each other on the surface, the screen mesh and the support are adhered by the point contact between the fibers constituting the fiber structure. Therefore, compared to, for example, the adhesive surface between the film and the support in the screen master, the actual area where the screen mesh and the support are in contact is smaller, and the adhesive strength is not strong.

When printing with the screen frame or the screen printing frame, when the screen master film faces the printing surface of the object to be printed and the ink is squeezed from the other side of the screen mesh, the squeezed ink is adhered to the screen mesh. The fiber layer is filled with the thickness of two layers of the support and the support, and the pressure is increased between the squeegee and the printed material, and the fiber layer expands in response to the pressure increase. For this reason, the resistance when the ink passes through the fiber layer increases, making it difficult for the ink to transfer to the printed matter, and the adhesive surface between the screen mesh and the support, which does not have strong adhesive strength, is the fiber layer. Since the film is displaced due to expansion, the flatness of the film integrated with the support is deteriorated, and the stability of image formation that forms a printed image faithfully to the plate-making image is lowered.

Furthermore, according to the screen frame or screen printing frame, at the time of printing, the film of the screen master is faced with the object to be printed, and the ink is squeezed from the other side of the screen mesh, so that the film is pressed against the object to be printed. Strong force is applied. For this reason, especially when the object to be printed is a fiber or the like having many irregularities such as clothing, the film tends to be subjected to a large stress, and there is also a problem that the printing durability is limited.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and in a screen printing plate having a double screen structure in which a screen master is attached to a screen mesh stretched on a frame, the screen mesh and the screen master are used. It is possible to manufacture a screen printing plate having excellent stability of image formation due to its good integrity and improved printing durability of the screen master, and a screen printing plate having a structure for realizing such a function. It is intended to provide a manufacturing method.

The screen-printed version according to claim 1 is
With the frame
The screen mesh stretched on the frame and
A plate-making image composed of perforations through which ink can pass is formed, and a thermoplastic film adhesively attached to the screen mesh around the perforations.
A support having a mesh structure integrally provided on the film,
It is characterized by having.

The method for manufacturing a screen printing plate according to claim 2 is
The process of forming a plate-making image on the film of the screen master composed of a thermoplastic film and a support having a mesh structure, and
The process of adhering the film of the screen master to the screen mesh stretched on the frame with an adhesive,
The process of cleaning the plate-making image of the screen master and
It is characterized by having.

The method for manufacturing a screen printing plate according to claim 3 is as follows.
The process of attaching the screen master support, which is composed of a thermoplastic film and a support with a mesh structure, to the plate-making support, and
The process of forming a plate-making image composed of perforations on the film, and
The process of applying the adhesive to the film and
A step of transferring the screen master from the plate-making support to the screen mesh of the frame by adhering the screen mesh stretched on the frame and the film with the adhesive.
The process of cleaning the plate-making image of the screen master and
It is characterized by having.

When printing is performed using the screen printing plate according to claim 1, the support is made to face the object to be printed, and from the other side of the screen mesh which is the side opposite to the side to which the film is adhered. Squeeze the ink. Since the screen mesh and the film have a large contact area, good integrity, and high adhesive strength, they do not peel off due to the pressure of the squeegee, and there is little possibility that the film will be distorted during printing. Since the ink squeezed on the screen mesh immediately passes through the plate-making image of the film having less distortion and is transferred to the object to be printed to form an image, the stability of image formation is good.

Further, the film and the support are pressed against the object to be printed by the squeegee at the time of printing to give a strong force, but the film on which the plate-making image is formed is covered with the support and is directly pressed against the object to be printed. It will never be printed. Therefore, even if the object to be printed is clothing or the like made of fibers having many irregularities, the heat-sensitive film is not directly subjected to a large stress by the squeegee, and the film and the object to be printed are in contact with each other. Compared to the screen printing plate, the printing durability is improved.

According to the method for manufacturing a screen printing plate according to claims 2 and 3, it is possible to manufacture a screen printing plate having a structure in which a screen master film is attached to a screen mesh stretched on a frame with an adhesive. .. According to such a manufacturing method, the adhesive strength between the screen master and the screen mesh is strong, and the adhesive surface between the screen master and the screen mesh shifts due to an increase in ink pressure due to the squeegee during printing, and the flatness of the thermal film deteriorates. There is no such thing, and high stability is obtained in image formation.

Further, according to such a manufacturing method, the film on which the plate-making image is formed is attached to the screen mesh with an adhesive, and is in a position sandwiched between the screen mesh and the support. However, in the perforation of the plate-making image, neither the film residue generated during plate-making nor the adhesive used for adhering to the screen mesh is removed to the extent that printing is not affected. Therefore, there is no hindrance to the passage of ink during printing, and a predetermined high definition in image formation is ensured.

Further, in particular, according to the method for manufacturing a screen printing plate according to claim 3, the plate making work of the screen master and the work of adhering the plate-made screen master to the screen mesh of the frame are performed by using the plate making support. Since it can be performed continuously, the sheet-shaped screen master can be easily handled, which has an effect of high work convenience.

It is an exploded perspective view of the screen printing plate which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process (1) of the screen printing plate which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process (2) of the screen printing plate which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process (3) of the screen printing plate which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process (4) of the screen printing plate which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process (5) of the screen printing plate which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process (6) of the screen printing plate which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7 and a screen-printed plate of the embodiments and a method for manufacturing the same. However, it should be noted that the drawings are schematic or simplified, and the dimensions, shapes, ratios of each part, etc. are not necessarily the same as the actual ones, and may be shown schematically to show the features. Is. In addition, it goes without saying that the dimensional relationships and ratios of the drawings may not always be the same.

Further, the embodiments shown below exemplify an apparatus or the like for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and are intended to limit the constituent requirements in the technical idea of the present invention to only the following. Not shown. Various combinations and modifications can be made to the technical idea of the invention described in the claims of the present application within the scope disclosed in the specification and drawings of the present application and within the scope of the known technology at the time of filing the application of the present application. ..

First, the structure of the screen printing plate 1 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 7.
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the screen printing plate 1 according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is the final view of the manufacturing process diagram (FIGS. 2 to 7) of the screen printing plate 1 and is screen-printed. It is sectional drawing in the cut plane parallel to the short side of plate 1.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, the screen printing plate 1 of the present invention includes a frame body 2, a screen mesh 4 attached to the frame body 2 with an adhesive 3 (not shown in FIG. 7), and a screen mesh 4. It has a screen master 5 attached to the surface (surface) opposite to the frame body 2 with an adhesive, and an adhesive tape 6 attached to the screen mesh 4 covering the outer periphery of the screen master 5. .. The portion composed of the frame body 2 and the screen mesh 4 attached to the frame body 2 is particularly referred to as a screen printing frame 7 in the sense that it is a portion used for printing using the screen master 5.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, the frame body 2 has, for example, a rectangular shape having an outer circumference of 610 mm × 710 mm, an opening of the frame body 2 of 550 mm × 650 mm, and an A3 size screen master 5 (320 mm). It is a size that can sufficiently correspond to (× 480 mm). Further, the frame body 2 has a role of only tensioning the screen mesh 4, and may be made of a material other than aluminum as long as the strength can be secured.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, the back surface of the screen mesh 4 is adhered to one surface of the frame 2 by an adhesive 3 (not shown in FIG. 7) over the entire circumference thereof, and a predetermined tension is obtained. Is stretched in a given tension. The screen mesh 4 is a wire rod and a metal material containing nylon and polyester, and is obtained by cutting a plain weave of about 50 to 200 mesh into a rectangular shape.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, a plate-made screen master 5 is placed and fixed on the surface of the screen mesh 4. As shown in FIG. 7, the screen master 5 is configured by integrally laminating a thermoplastic film 8 and a support 9 having a mesh structure made of polyethylene terephthalate. A desired plate-making image is formed in advance on the screen master 5 by a plate-making machine such as GOCCOPRO (registered trademark) QS200 manufactured by Riso Kagaku Corporation. As schematically shown in FIG. 7, the plate-making image of the screen master 5 is composed of a large number of perforations 10. The support 9 is not limited to polyethylene terephthalate, and may be a natural fiber, a chemical fiber, a synthetic fiber, or a mixture thereof as long as it is porous.

As shown in FIG. 7, the screen master 5 is attached to the surface of the screen mesh 4 with an adhesive 11 on the side of the film 8, and the support 9 is exposed on the front side. The film 8 is made as described above, but the adhesive 11 and the residue of the film 8 generated during the plate making are removed from the perforations 10 constituting the plate making image, and the film 8 penetrates into a state where the ink can pass through. There is no problem with printing. However, the film 8 is securely attached to the screen mesh 4 with the adhesive 11 around the perforation 10 and is integrated with high adhesive strength. Further, since the screen mesh 4 is attached to the frame body 2 in a tense state, the screen master 5 attached to the screen mesh 4 is also fixed in a tense state close to the screen mesh 4.

The film 8 of the screen master 5 is adhered to the screen mesh 4, the support 9 is exposed on the surface, and the perforations 10 of the plate-making image of the film 8 penetrate in a clean state. The structure in which the periphery is securely adhered to the screen mesh 4 with the adhesive 11 is realized by the manufacturing method of the screen printing plate 1 described later.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, the outer periphery of the screen master 5 attached to the screen mesh 4 is fixed to the screen mesh 4 with a frame-shaped adhesive tape 6. By fixing the periphery of the screen master 5 to the screen mesh 4 with the adhesive tape 6, it is possible to prevent an accident in which the periphery of the screen master 5 is peeled off during printing.

As described above, according to the screen printing plate 1 of the present embodiment, the screen mesh 4 and the film 8 have a large contact area, good integrity, and high adhesive strength, so that they are not peeled off by the pressure of the squeegee. , There is little possibility that the film 8 will be distorted during printing. Since the ink squeezed on the screen mesh 4 immediately passes through the plate-making image of the film 8 with less distortion and is transferred to the object to be printed to form an image, the stability of image formation by the screen printing plate 1 is good. ..

Further, according to the screen printing plate 1 of the present embodiment, the film 8 and the support 9 are pressed against the object to be printed by the squeegee at the time of printing to give a strong force, but the film 8 on which the plate-making image is formed is It is covered with the support 9 and is not directly pressed against the object to be printed. Therefore, even if the printed material is clothing or the like made of fibers having large irregularities, the heat-sensitive film 8 is not directly subjected to a large stress by the squeegee. Further, since the film 8 is located between the screen mesh 4 and the support 9, the screen mesh 4 receives the pressure due to the squeegee during printing, and the support 9 of the screen master 5 extends under the stress of the squeegee, so that the film 8 is extended. No pinholes or image breakage occur, and improvement in printing durability can be expected in this respect as well. As a whole, according to the present embodiment, the printing durability is improved as compared with the conventional screen printing plate 1 in which the film 8 and the object to be printed are in contact with each other.

As a concrete numerical example of the printing durability, the limit number of sheets that can be printed is shown. Assuming that the printing resistance of the screen plate in which the plate is formed by using the emulsion on the screen mesh 4 stretched on the frame 2 is 100 sheets, the conventional double screen as illustrated in the section of "Background technology". In the printing plate, the printing durability is about 100 sheets, which is about the same, but in the screen printing plate 1 of the embodiment, it is improved to about 120 sheets or more.

Further, according to the screen printing plate 1 of the present embodiment, the printing surface in contact with the object to be printed is the support 9 of the screen master 5, and the printing surface is in contact with the object to be printed in a fiber structure, so that printing with ink adhered. Good plate release from the later printed material. In addition, overlay printing can be performed even if the image of the object to be printed does not dry.

Next, a method of manufacturing the screen printing plate 1 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 7.
[Manufacturing process (1)] (see Fig. 2)
As shown in the fraction (a), a screen master 5 composed of a thermoplastic film 8 and a support 9 having a mesh structure is prepared. The size of the screen master 5 is set to be smaller than the opening of the frame body 2 as illustrated above in the description of the structure. Further, as shown in the fraction (b), the screen plate making frame 15 is prepared. The screen plate making frame 15 is a plate making support that supports the sheet-shaped screen master 5 when making a plate with a thermal head, and is a member in which the screen mesh 4 is attached to the plate making frame 2. The screen plate making frame 15 is the same as the screen printing frame 7 which is a part of the screen printing plate 1 of the present embodiment whose structure has been described above. In this step, it is advisable to prepare a screen printing frame 7.

[Manufacturing process (2)] (see Fig. 3)
The side of the support 9 of the screen master 5 is attached to the screen mesh 4 of the screen plate making frame 15. This pasting may be in a temporarily fixed state to the extent that plate making can be performed with the thermal head to the screen master 5 arranged on the screen plate making frame 15. For example, a method of temporarily fixing to the screen mesh 4 with an adhesive (not shown) applied to several places of the screen master 5 can be considered. In such a case, the position for temporary fixing is preferably, for example, a position where a fixing effect can be obtained so that the screen master 5 is less likely to shift during plate making in consideration of the direction in which the screen master 5 is scanned by the thermal head. For example, in the screen master 5, several positions set in the width direction of the screen master 5, which are the most upstream positions in the moving direction of the thermal head, and several positions set for each of the four sides of the rectangular screen master 5. The position etc. can be considered. The temporary fixing adhesive can be applied by spraying a spray glue. Since the screen master 5 is temporarily fixed to the screen mesh 4 as described above, the screen master 5 can be easily peeled off from the screen mesh 4 after plate making.

[Manufacturing process (3)] (see Fig. 4)
The screen master 5 on the screen plate making frame 15 is made with a thermal head. For plate making, the plate making machine exemplified in the description of the configuration can be used. As is clear from the description of the structure above, in the screen printing plate 1 shown in FIG. 7, the film 8 of the screen master 5 is attached to the surface of the screen mesh 4, and the printed material is the support 9 of the screen master 5. The ink is squeezed from the back surface of the screen mesh 4 (the lower surface in FIG. 7) in contact with the screen mesh 4. Therefore, at the stage of plate-making the screen master 5 on the screen plate-making frame 15, the plate-making image is plate-made as a normal image. Although FIG. 4 schematically shows a state in which several perforations 10 are formed in the film 8, the plate-making image is actually composed of a large number of perforations 10.

[Manufacturing process (4)] (see FIG. 5)
The adhesive 11 is applied to the film 8 of the screen master 5 which has been temporarily fixed on the screen plate making frame 15. The adhesive 11 can be applied by spraying a spray glue. The application of the adhesive 11 to the plate-made film 8 is for transferring the plate-made screen master 5 to the screen printing frame 7 described later and fixing the screen master 5. Therefore, the adhesive 11 is applied to the entire surface of the film 8 of the screen master 5. In this step, even if the adhesive 11 enters the perforation 10 of the plate-making image formed on the film 8, it can be removed in a later step.

[Manufacturing process (5)] (see FIGS. 6 and 7)
The screen printing frame 7 prepared in the manufacturing process (1) is faced at the same position in a posture in which the surface of the screen mesh 4 is facing downward and as parallel as possible to the screen master 5 on the screen plate making frame 15. , Make contact as it is. The film 8 of the screen master 5 is adhered to the screen mesh 4 of the screen printing frame 7 with the adhesive 11 by lightly rubbing the film 8 of the screen master 5 from the screen printing frame 7 side or the screen plate making frame 15 side with an appropriate rubbing tool. If the screen printing frame 7 is moved away from the screen plate making frame 15 after bonding, the screen master 5 is peeled off from the screen plate making frame 15 and moved to the screen printing frame 7. FIG. 7 shows the state of the screen printing frame 7 after the transition (excluding the adhesive tape 6).

In the present embodiment, since the screen plate making frame 15 and the screen printing frame 7 have the same shape and structure, the position of the screen master 5 in the screen plate making frame 15 and the position of the screen master 5 in the screen printing frame 7 can be made the same. That is, the screen master 5 is set at a desired position with respect to the screen plate making frame 15, the screen plate making frame 15 and the screen printing frame 7 are aligned at the same position, and the plate making screen master 5 is transferred to the screen printing frame 7. Then, the position of the screen master 5 set for the screen plate making frame 15 can be automatically reproduced in the screen printing frame 7.

[Manufacturing process (6)] (see FIG. 7)
As shown in FIG. 7, the film 8 of the screen master 5 was adhered to the surface of the screen mesh 4 in the screen printing frame 7, that is, the surface of the screen mesh 4 opposite to the frame body 2 with the adhesive 11. Here, the work of cleaning the plate-making image of the screen master 5 is performed. This is because a residue of the film 8 is generated in the plate-making process of the screen master 5 (manufacturing process (3), FIG. 4), and this may remain in the perforations 10 constituting the plate-making image. Further, a step of applying the adhesive 11 to the film 8 of the screen master 5 (manufacturing step (4), FIG. 5) or a step of adhering the screen printing frame 7 to the screen master 5 on the screen plate making frame 15 (manufacturing step (manufacturing step (manufacturing step)). This is because there is a possibility that the adhesive 11 has entered the perforations 10 constituting the plate-making image in 5) and 6).

In FIG. 7, from the side of the support 9 of the screen master 5, the plate-making image is impregnated with the cleaning solvent with a soft cleaning tool such as a sponge containing a small amount of the cleaning solvent, and wiped off with the cleaning tool. Even if there are adhesives 11 and residues in the perforations 10, they are melted in a solvent or washed away by the solvent and removed from the perforations 10 by a cleaning tool to the extent that printing is not affected. This cleaning operation may be performed not only from the side of the support 9 of the screen master 5 but also from the back surface side of the screen mesh 4. However, it is assumed that the adhesive strength between the screen mesh 4 of the screen printing frame 7 and the film 8 is not weakened.

As described above, according to the manufacturing method of the screen printing plate 1 of the present embodiment, the film 8 of the screen master 5 is adhered to the screen mesh 4 stretched on the frame 2 with the adhesive 11. It has a high-strength structure. Therefore, the adhesive surface between the screen mesh 4 and the screen master 5 does not shift due to the pressure of the squeegee during printing, and the flatness of the thermal film 8 does not deteriorate, and the image formation is stable as compared with the conventional case.

Further, according to such a manufacturing method, the film 8 on which the plate-making image is formed is attached to the screen mesh 4 with the adhesive 11, and is located at a position sandwiched between the screen mesh 4 and the support 9. However, in the perforation 10 of the plate-making image, both the residue of the film 8 generated at the time of plate-making and the adhesive 11 used for adhering to the screen mesh 4 are removed to the extent that the printing is not affected, and the ink passes through. There is no problem with the image, and the high definition of the image at the time of printing is ensured.

Further, according to such a manufacturing method, a screen master provided on the screen plate making frame is made, an adhesive is applied to the screen master, and the screen plate making frame is made to face the screen printing frame to transfer the screen master to the screen mesh. Was there. In this way, since the work from plate making to transfer of the screen master is continuously performed using the screen plate making frame, the sheet-shaped screen master can be easily handled, which is highly convenient in terms of work. There is.

In the embodiment described above, as the plate-making support for plate-making the screen master 5, the screen plate-making frame 15 in which the screen mesh 4 is attached to the plate-making frame 2 is used. However, it is not always necessary to use the screen plate making frame 15 as the plate making support, and when the screen master 5 is made by the thermal head, the pressing force of the thermal head and the screen master 5 are supported from the side opposite to the thermal head. Any member may be used. For example, a support plate such as a platen board having a larger outer shape than the screen master 5 and made of an elastic material such as rubber may be used.

In the embodiment described above, the screen master 5 is temporarily adhered to the side opposite to the frame body 2 of the screen plate making frame 15 to form a plate, and the screen master 5 is transferred to the side opposite to the frame body 2 of the screen printing frame 7. However, even if the screen master 5 is temporarily adhered to the side of the frame 2 of the screen plate making frame 15 (the back side of the screen mesh 4) and the screen master 5 is transferred to the side opposite to the frame 2 of the screen printing frame 7. Good.

In the embodiment described above, the plate-making support is used for plate-making of the screen master, application of adhesive, and transfer to the screen mesh to improve work convenience. Use is not always required. By making a plate on the screen master, adhering the plate-making image to the screen mesh with the plate-making image facing down, and cleaning the plate-making image, it is possible to obtain the same structure as the screen printing plate of the embodiment and the same effect resulting from the same structure. it can.

1 ... Screen printing plate 2 ... Frame 3 ... Adhesive 4 ... Screen mesh 5 ... Screen master 6 ... Adhesive tape 7 ... Screen printing frame 8 ... Film 9 ... Support 10 ... Perforation 11 ... Adhesive 15 ... Screen plate making frame

Claims (3)

With the frame
The screen mesh stretched on the frame and
A plate-making image composed of perforations through which ink can pass is formed, and a thermoplastic film adhesively attached to the screen mesh around the perforations.
A support having a mesh structure integrally provided on the film,
A screen-printed plate characterized by having. The process of forming a plate-making image on the film of the screen master composed of a thermoplastic film and a support having a mesh structure, and
The process of adhering the film of the screen master to the screen mesh stretched on the frame with an adhesive,
The process of cleaning the plate-making image of the screen master and
A method for manufacturing a screen printing plate, which comprises having. The process of attaching the screen master support, which is composed of a thermoplastic film and a support with a mesh structure, to the plate-making support, and
The process of forming a plate-making image composed of perforations on the film, and
The process of applying the adhesive to the film and
A step of transferring the screen master from the plate-making support to the screen mesh of the frame by adhering the screen mesh stretched on the frame and the film with the adhesive.
The process of cleaning the plate-making image of the screen master and
A method for manufacturing a screen printing plate, which comprises having.

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