JP6849761B2 - Houses, roof construction method and house construction method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a roof structure and a house. In particular, the present invention relates to a roof structure and a house in a gable roof, in which the position of the ridge is constant and the dimensions and shapes of the members can be substantially the same even if the shape of the building or the frontage of the roof changes.

Conventionally, a house having a gable-shaped roof is known, and as such a house, for example, the one shown in Patent Document 1 is known.
Conventionally, the gable roof has been formed so as to be symmetrical around the ridge. That is, the position and height of the ridge are determined by the frontage of the sloping roof. For this reason, if a portion having a different roof frontage occurs, for example, a house having a corner in a flat plan, the position of the ridge will be different in that portion. Also, assuming that the roof slope is constant, the height of the ridge is determined by the frontage of the roof.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-346524

In the conventional structure, the gable panel is attached to the entire surface of the surface composed of the horizontal beam and the diagonal beam of the roof to form the gable wall. For this reason, if the shape of the roof differs depending on the plan of the house, the shape of the wife wall will be different accordingly, and it will be necessary to individually manufacture members such as the wife panel, which is one of the factors that hinder the improvement of production efficiency. It was.
Moreover, depending on the plan shape of the roof, a structure in which the gable wall is placed on the roof may occur, and the area of the pair of gable walls may differ due to the rain treatment.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional circumstances, and in a gable roof, the position of the ridge is constant even if the shape of the building or the frontage of the roof changes, and the dimensions and shapes of the members are almost the same. The purpose is to provide roof structures and houses that can be.

In the gable roof, the present inventor eccentricizes the position of the ridge and defines the frontage and the inclination angle of the roof, so that the position of the ridge is kept constant even if the plan shape of the building or the frontage of the roof changes. I came up with the idea of being able to do it. That is, the present invention is as follows.
[1]
It is a group of houses consisting of multiple houses, and the roof of the house is
A pair of facing gable walls having the same shape and area, and a pair of roofing materials that are butted in a chevron shape and hung over the pair of gable walls to form only one ridge. Have,
The gable wall portion has an inclined beam and a horizontal beam as a frame, and a plurality of studs provided substantially vertically are arranged between the inclined beam and the horizontal beam, and the plurality of studs are arranged. Between one or more surfaces orthogonal to the building, a gable wall is arranged.
The frontage of the pair of roofing materials is between 4 and 6.
Of the pair of roofing materials, one roofing material arranged on the first side has a 45-degree gradient, and the other roofing material arranged on the second side opposite to the first side A gable roof with an eccentric ridge position with a 2.5 inch slope.
A group of houses characterized in that a gable roof in which the position of the ridge is eccentric is commonly used with respect to the roofs of the plurality of houses regardless of the plan shape and / or frontage of the house.
[2]
The group of houses according to [1], wherein the first side is the north side.
[3]
The group of houses according to [1] or [2], wherein the inorganic foam on the gable wall is a breathable inorganic heat insulating concrete (BIC).
[4]
The group of houses according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the total floor area of the house is 30 to 50 tsubo.
[5]
The group of houses according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the house has a corner structure.
[6]
The group of houses according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein a plurality of photovoltaic power generation panels are arranged side by side on the other roofing material arranged on the second side.
[7]
It is a method of constructing the roofs of multiple houses, and the roofs are
A pair of facing gable walls having the same shape and area, and a pair of roofing materials that are butted in a chevron shape and hung over the pair of gable walls to form only one ridge. Have,
The gable wall portion has an inclined beam and a horizontal beam as a frame, and a plurality of studs provided substantially vertically are arranged between the inclined beam and the horizontal beam, and the plurality of studs are arranged. Between one or more surfaces orthogonal to the building, a gable wall is arranged.
The frontage of the pair of roofing materials is between 4 and 6.
Of the pair of roofing materials, one roofing material arranged on the first side has a 45-degree gradient, and the other roofing material arranged on the second side opposite to the first side A gable roof with an eccentric ridge position with a 2.5 inch slope.
A roof construction method, characterized in that a gable roof in which the position of the ridge is eccentric can be commonly used for the roofs of the plurality of houses regardless of the plan shape and / or frontage of the house. ..
[8]
The roof construction method according to [7], wherein the first side is the north side.
[9]
The roof construction method according to [7] or [8], wherein the inorganic foam on the gable wall is a breathable inorganic heat insulating concrete (BIC).
[10]
A house construction method having the roof construction method according to any one of [7] to [9].
[11]
The method for constructing a house according to [10], wherein the total floor area is 30 to 50 tsubo.
[12]
The method for constructing a house according to [10] or [11], which has an inside corner structure.
[13]
The method for constructing a house according to any one of [10] to [12], wherein a plurality of photovoltaic power generation panels are arranged side by side on the other roofing material arranged on the second side.

In the roof of the present invention, by eccentricizing the position of the gable roof ridge, the position of the ridge can be made constant regardless of the frontage. As a result, it is possible to prevent the end walls from being placed on the roof, and the areas of the pair of end walls facing each other can be made equal. As a result, the dimensions and shapes of the members can be made substantially the same.

It is a figure which shows the gable wall part in the house equipped with the DI system. It is a figure which shows the cross section of the gable wall part. It is the figure which looked at the house from the top in the 1st plan. In the first plan, it is a perspective view of a house. In the second plan, it is the figure which looked at the house from the top. In the second plan, it is a perspective view of a house. In the third plan, it is the figure which looked at the house from the top. In the third plan, it is a perspective view of a house. It is the figure which looked at the house from the top in the 4th plan. In the fourth plan, it is a perspective view of a house. It is the figure which looked at the house from the top in the 5th plan. In the sixth plan, it is the figure which looked at the house from the top. In the sixth plan, it is a figure which showed the appearance of arranging the photovoltaic power generation panels on the roof of a house.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The roof structure according to the present invention is a roof structure preferably applied to a house adopting a ventilation system by Dynamic Insulation (hereinafter referred to as DI).
Dynamic insulation is a method of taking ventilation from the exodermis of a large area with a large heat capacity and ventilation. There are advantages such as energy saving effect by recovering indoor heat (transmission heat) that escapes from the outer skin of the building, mitigation of airflow feeling by decentralizing air supply and exhaust, and improvement of aesthetics by reducing natural ventilation openings on the wall surface. In particular, it is considered that by making DI a breathing type in which air supply and exhaust are alternately performed, the exhaust heat of ventilation is also recovered, which contributes to high energy saving and improvement of dry feeling.

The roof structure of the present invention is a roof structure having a pair of gable wall portions facing each other and a pair of roofing materials that are butted in a chevron shape and hung on the pair of gable wall portions. The gable wall has an inorganic foam, and the frontage of the pair of roofing materials is between 4 and 6, and one of the pair of roofing materials arranged on the first side has a 45-degree gradient. It is characterized in that the other roofing material arranged on the second side opposite to the first side is an eccentric gable roof having a 2.5 inch gradient.

FIG. 1 depicts a gable wall portion of a house equipped with a DI system.
The roof portion 1 has diagonal beams 2a and 2b, a ridge beam (not shown), and a horizontal beam 3 as its framework. The roof portion 1 has a gable-shaped end wall portion 4 formed on a surface formed by the oblique beams 2a and 2b and the horizontal beam 3, and a pair of roofing materials 5a and 5b are placed on the pair of end wall portions 4. Along with being hung, they are butted in a mountain shape on the ridge. The gable wall portion 4 is configured to have an inorganic foam that ventilates the outdoor space and the indoor space. This enables DI through the gable wall 4. Further, by forming the roof with a gable structure, an air flow can be formed along the slope of the roof, and ventilation (particularly air supply) from the end wall portion 4 can be efficiently performed.

Between the oblique beams 2a and 2b and the horizontal beams 3, a plurality of studs 6 provided substantially vertically are arranged at substantially equal intervals. The spacing between the studs 6 is, for example, 455 mm. Since the inorganic foam forming the end wall portion 4 has insufficient strength as a wall material for supporting the roofing material, it is sufficient to provide a plurality of studs 6 between the oblique beams 2a and 2b and the horizontal beam 3. It is possible to secure sufficient strength and firmly support the roofing material.
The diagonal beams 2a, in a plane formed by the 2b and the horizontal beam 3, during the studs 6, the inorganic foam panel _P (P 1 _{~P 19)} is mounted forming the gable wall portion 4.

By arranging the inorganic foam panel P on the gable wall portion 4, a large area can be secured in DI, and air supply and exhaust through the gable wall portion 4 can be efficiently performed. As such an inorganic foam, a ventilation type inorganic heat insulating concrete (BIC) is preferable.
In FIG. 1, P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ , and P ₁₉ represent ventilated inorganic insulated concrete (BIC) installed between studs 6, all of which have different sizes and shapes. The thickness of one BIC panel is, for example, 50 mm, and the thickness is 100 mm by double-installing panels of the same size in one place.
Assuming that there are two gable walls 4 on the front and back of the house, another gable wall 4 that is almost the same will be used on the opposite side of the house.

FIG. 2 is a view showing a cross section of the gable wall portion 4.
In addition to the inorganic foam panel P, the gable wall portion 4 has an outer wall panel 7 arranged on the outside of the house and an interior material 8 arranged on the inside of the house.
The outer wall panel 7 forms the surface layer of the house facing the outside, and is composed of, for example, an ALC plate, a siding material, a PC concrete plate, or the like.
A ventilation layer 9 is provided between the outer wall panel 7 and the inorganic foam panel P. That is, the inorganic foam panel P is open to the ventilation layer 9, and the ventilation layer 9 is connected to, for example, the ventilation of the ridge of the eaves or the roof. The outside air is supplied and exhausted from the ventilation layer 9.
The interior material 8 is made of a breathable material so as not to obstruct the air supply and exhaust through the inorganic foam, and is composed of, for example, canvas.

In the roof structure of the present invention, the total floor area of the house is set to about 30 to 50 tsubo, and the frontage T of the roof is set to 5 (9100 mm) accordingly. Then, by the situation of the site, the slope of the roof member 5a is 45 degrees slope with respect to the first side S ₁ neighboring land, the slope of the roof member 5b is to the second side S ₂ opposite 2. An eccentric gable roof with a 5-inch slope. This roof structure, ridge 10 is determined inevitably in the position of the first side _{S 1} than between 1 (1820mm). In addition, the height of the building 10 is inevitably determined to be 1 ken (1820 mm).

In the roof structure of the present invention, for example, the first side S ₁ is the north side and the second side S ₂ is the south side.
By setting the inclination of the roofing material 5a on the first side S ₁ (north side) to 45 degrees, the diagonal line restriction (north side oblique line restriction) according to the Building Standards Act can be almost cleared.
The slope of the roofing material 5b on the second side S ₂ (south side) is a 2.5 inch slope (about 14 degrees). For example, when arranging photovoltaic power generation panels on a roof material facing south, the inclination of the roof is preferably low, for example, about 5 degrees, in consideration of power generation efficiency. However, if the slope of the roof is lowered, rainwater does not flow down and rainwater tends to stay on the roof, so rainwater treatment and waterproof treatment are required. Therefore, by setting the roof slope on the south side to a 2.5-inch slope (about 14 degrees), it is possible to efficiently drain rainwater and achieve both the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic power generation.

Since the slope of the roofing material 5b on the second side S _{2 (south side) is gentler than the slope of the roofing material 5a on the first side S 1} (north side), the roofing material 5b on the south side is the roofing material 5a on the north side. It has a large area as compared with. By increasing the area of the roofing material 5b on the south side, more photovoltaic power generation panels can be installed, and more efficient power generation can be performed.

In the mechanism of breathing type DI, the same amount of BIC is installed on the opposite wife wall, but because the shape of the roof is specified as above, BIC of the same shape and size is installed regardless of the shape of the property. The same number will be generated, and the same material can be used for houses with different plans, which can improve production efficiency.
Further, in the breathing type DI through the wife wall portion, the high part of the roof (building) is the same on the left and right sides (building direction) of the house, so that the load during gravity ventilation can be reduced.
In addition, since the gently sloping roofing material on the south side is not subdivided due to differences in buildings, etc., it has become possible to efficiently arrange solar power generation units and the like.

Hereinafter, how the position of the ridge changes when the plan shape of the house changes will be described by comparing the conventional gable roof structure and the gable roof structure of the present invention. In the following description, comparisons are made on the premise that the house plans arranged vertically in the figure have the same shape and the same area.

<First plan>
FIG. 3 is a top view of a substantially rectangular house, and FIG. 4 is a perspective view. A, B, and C are houses having an eccentric gable roof structure of the present invention, and a, b, and c are houses having a conventional gable roof structure.
In the following explanation, the house indicated by uppercase letters (A, B, ...) and the house indicated by lowercase letters (a, b, ...) Correspond to each other. The shape and area are the same.
In FIG. 3, the upper side shows the north direction. The frontage of each roof is 4 for A and a, 6 for B and b, and 5 for C and c. The total floor area of the first and second floors, which represents the scale of the building, is assumed to be about 30 to 50 tsubo.
In the conventional roof structures a to c, the position of the building 30 is set to 1/2 of the frontage. If the slope of the roof is constant, the height of the ridge will change if the frontage is different. In this way, when the shape of the roof is different, the shape of the gable wall is also different, so it was necessary to individually make members of the shape and size according to each plan.

On the other hand, in the roof structures of the present inventions A to C, the building 10 is located between 1 from the north (from the top in the figure). Further, in the roof structure of the present invention, the height of the building 10 does not change even if the frontage of the roof changes. As described above, in the roof structure of the present invention, the position and height of the building 10 do not change even if the frontage of the roof is different. As a result, the shape of the gable wall does not change, so that members having the same size and shape can be used in various different plans, which is advantageous in terms of work efficiency and cost.
In the present invention, the frontage of the roof and the height of the ridge 10 are constant. For this reason, when the frontage of the building is narrower than 4 kens, as in the plan shown in A, which is long from east to west, the slope of the roofing material on the south side is cut off in the middle. Also, for example, when the frontage of the building is wider than 5 ken, as in the plan shown in B, which is long from north to south, instead of leveling the roof, extend the roof slope and extend the eaves to a place lower than the standard floor height. Lower. As a result, the roof slope becomes constant even if the frontage changes, and the slope members / parts can be standardized and rationalized.

<Second plan>
FIG. 5 is a top view of a house having one corner 40, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view. D, E, and F are houses having an eccentric gable roof structure of the present invention, and d, e, and f are houses having a conventional gable roof structure.
In the conventional gable roofs d to f, the building 30 is provided at the center of the roof (so as to be symmetrical). It can be seen that the position of the ridge 30 is displaced when the frontage width is changed due to the difference in the frontage width between the left and right due to the presence of the entrance corner 40 depending on the plan.
The problem here is when the wife wall is placed on the roof as shown in d. A waterproof layer must be erected on the wife's wall due to the rain on the lower roof. For this reason, the ventilation area in the gable wall portion is impaired by the amount of the waterproof layer, and it becomes difficult to secure the ventilation area. That is, even if there is a BIC on the gable wall, the gable wall does not function sufficiently in the breathing type DI.

On the other hand, in the roof structures of the present inventions D to F, the position of the building 10 is constant without being affected by the change in the roof frontage due to the entrance corner 40 or the like. Since the wife wall does not rest on the roof, the area of the front and back wife walls can be made equal. This provides a gable wall that works well in breathing DI.
As described above, by applying the roof structure of the present invention, the position and height of the building 10 and the shape of the gable wall portion can be made substantially constant even in a house having a different plan shape depending on the plan. As a result, the same member can be used for houses having different plan shapes, and productivity can be improved.

<Third plan>
The number of corners is extremely important as a factor influencing the plan and roof shape. FIG. 7 is a top view of a house having two corners 40, and FIG. 8 is a perspective view. G, H, and I are houses having an eccentric gable roof structure of the present invention, and g, h, and i are houses having a conventional gable roof structure.
Here, the roof shapes when the inside corners 40 are on the north side and the south side of the house are compared. The change in the roof shape when the position of the entrance corner 40 on the north side is moved from the west to the east in the order of G → H → I (g → h → i) is shown.

In the conventional gable roofs of g to i, the frontage of the roof changes and the position of the ridge 30 also changes as the position and size of the inside corner 40 change. In addition, the number of buildings 30 has changed from 3 to 2 to 3, and there are always wife walls on the roof.
On the other hand, in the roof structure of the present invention of GI, even if the position and size of the inside corner 40 are changed, the roof shape is not significantly changed.

<Fourth plan>
FIG. 9 is a top view of a house in which the entrance corner 40 on the north side is shallow, and FIG. 10 is a perspective view. J, K, and L are houses having an eccentric gable roof structure of the present invention, and j, k, and l are houses having a conventional gable roof structure.
The change in the roof shape when the position of the entrance corner 40 on the north side is moved from the west to the east in the order of J → K → L (j → k → l) is shown.

It can be seen that the conventional gable roofs of j to l are affected by the roof shape if there is a factor that changes the frontage even a little, regardless of the shallowness and depth of the inside corner 40. The inside corner of about half the depth (910 mm) is frequently used in the plan. Since the small wife wall on the roof generated by this must be covered waterproofly, even if there is a BIC on the wife wall portion, it does not function sufficiently in the breathing type DI.
On the other hand, in the roof structures of the present inventions J to L, no significant change was observed in the roof shape, and it can be seen that the area of the BIC on the end wall was not impaired. This allows it to function well in respiratory DI.

<Fifth plan>
FIG. 11 is a top view of a house having three corners. M, N, and O are houses having an eccentric gable roof structure of the present invention, and m, n, and o are houses having a conventional gable roof structure.
The change in the roof shape when the position of the deep inside corner 40 of the northwest corner is moved from the west to the east in the order of M → N → O (m → n → o) is shown.

In the conventional gable roofs of m to o, the frontage of the roof changes and the position of the ridge 30 also changes as the position and size of the entrance corner 40 change. In addition, the number of buildings 30 has changed between 3 and 4, and there are always wife walls on the roof.
On the other hand, in the roof structure of the present invention of MO, even if the position and size of the inside corner 40 are changed, the roof shape is not significantly changed.

<Sixth plan>
FIG. 12 is a top view of a house having three corners. P, Q, and R are houses having an eccentric gable roof structure of the present invention, and p, q, and r are houses having a conventional gable roof structure.
Here, contrary to FIG. 11, the change in roof shape when the position of the shallow entrance corner 40 at the northeast corner is moved from west to east in the order of P → Q → R (p → q → r) is shown. ing.

In the conventional gable roofs of p to r, the frontage of the roof changes and the position of the ridge 30 also changes as the position and size of the inside corner 40 change. In addition, the number of buildings 30 has changed between 3 and 4, and there are always wife walls on the roof.
On the other hand, in the roof structures of the present invention of P to R, even if the position and size of the inside corner 40 are changed, the roof shape is not significantly changed.

<7th plan>
FIG. 13 is a view showing a state in which commercially available photovoltaic power generation panels 20 (vertical 990 mm × horizontal 1165 mm) are laid out on the roof of a house represented by P to R and p to r.
In the conventional gable roofs of p to r, panels must be laid according to the roof shape, and it can be seen that the installation efficiency is not good if the roof shape is complicated.
On the other hand, in the roof structure of the present invention of PR to R, since there is little change in the rough shape, the panels can be laid out efficiently. Further, in the gable roof structure of the present invention, since the south side surface is made larger, more panels can be laid out and power can be generated efficiently.

As described above, in the roof structure of the present invention, by eccentricizing the position of the gable roof ridge, the position of the ridge can be made constant regardless of the frontage. As a result, it is possible to prevent the end walls from being placed on the roof, and the shapes and areas of the pair of end walls facing each other can be made equal.
The aim of the roof not to undergo much shape change is not only to prevent the generation of the wife wall on the roof and to equalize the area of the wife wall in the east and west, to make DI function soundly, but also to make the DI function soundly. It is also intended for good installation efficiency.
Further, since the roof is not affected by the shape change, the dimensions and shapes of the members can be made almost the same, which is advantageous in terms of productivity improvement and cost reduction.

Table 1 shows the floor area of the reference floor for each form (plan) and the number of photovoltaic panels that can be installed on the roof for the above-mentioned houses of the present invention A to R and the conventional houses a to r. It is shown collectively in.

As is clear from Table 1, the gable roofs (A to R) of the present invention have approximately 1.5 to 2.0 times as many photovoltaic panels as the conventional gable roofs (a to r). It turns out that it can be installed.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit of the invention.

By using the roof structure according to the present invention, even if the shape of the building or the frontage of the roof changes in the gable roof, the position of the ridge is constant and does not undergo a large shape change. It can be widely used as a roof.

1 Roof part 2a, 2b Diagonal beam 3 Horizontal beam 4 Wife wall part 5a, 5b Roof material 6 Stud 7 Exterior wall panel 8 Interior material 9 Ventilation layer 10 Building 20 Solar power generation panel P Inorganic foam panel

Claims (13)

It is a group of houses consisting of multiple houses, and the roof of the house is
A pair of facing gable walls having the same shape and area, and a pair of roofing materials that are butted in a chevron shape and hung over the pair of gable walls to form only one ridge. Have,
The gable wall portion has an inclined beam and a horizontal beam as a frame, and a plurality of studs provided substantially vertically are arranged between the inclined beam and the horizontal beam, and the plurality of studs are arranged. Between one or more surfaces orthogonal to the building, a gable wall is arranged.
The frontage of the pair of roofing materials is between 4 and 6.
Of the pair of roofing materials, one roofing material arranged on the first side has a 45-degree gradient, and the other roofing material arranged on the second side opposite to the first side A gable roof with an eccentric ridge position with a 2.5 inch slope.
A group of houses characterized in that a gable roof in which the position of the ridge is eccentric is commonly used with respect to the roofs of the plurality of houses regardless of the plan shape and / or frontage of the house. The group of houses according to claim 1, wherein the first side is the north side. The group of houses according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the inorganic foam on the gable wall is a breathable inorganic heat insulating concrete (BIC). The group of houses according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the total floor area of the house is 30 to 50 tsubo. The group of houses according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the house has a corner structure. The group of houses according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a plurality of photovoltaic power generation panels are arranged side by side on the other roofing material arranged on the second side. It is a method of constructing the roofs of multiple houses, and the roofs are
A pair of facing gable walls having the same shape and area, and a pair of roofing materials that are butted in a chevron shape and hung over the pair of gable walls to form only one ridge. Have,
The gable wall portion has an inclined beam and a horizontal beam as a frame, and a plurality of studs provided substantially vertically are arranged between the inclined beam and the horizontal beam, and the plurality of studs are arranged. Between one or more surfaces orthogonal to the building, a gable wall is arranged.
The frontage of the pair of roofing materials is between 4 and 6.
Of the pair of roofing materials, one roofing material arranged on the first side has a 45-degree gradient, and the other roofing material arranged on the second side opposite to the first side A gable roof with an eccentric ridge position with a 2.5 inch slope.
A roof construction method, characterized in that a gable roof in which the position of the ridge is eccentric can be commonly used for the roofs of the plurality of houses regardless of the plan shape and / or frontage of the house. .. The roof construction method according to claim 7, wherein the first side is the north side. The roof construction method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the inorganic foam on the gable wall is a ventilation type inorganic heat insulating concrete (BIC). A method for constructing a house, which has the method for constructing a roof according to any one of claims 7 to 9. The method for constructing a house according to claim 10, wherein the total floor area is 30 to 50 tsubo. The method for constructing a house according to claim 10 or 11, which has a corner structure. The method for constructing a house according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein a plurality of photovoltaic power generation panels are arranged side by side on the other roofing material arranged on the second side.

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