JP6849177B2 - Virtual power plant - Google Patents

Description

The present disclosure relates to a virtual power plant that collectively controls a plurality of electric power systems.

Currently, the reform of the energy system is underway, and the virtual power plant (VPP) is drawing attention. A virtual power plant controls scattered power plants collectively with a system network that manages the demand for electric power, and means a virtual power plant that makes multiple power plants function as if they were one power plant. are doing.

As a power plant controlled by a virtual power plant, a power generation system using renewable energy can be considered. One example is a photovoltaic power generation system that uses sunlight. The photovoltaic power generation system is equipped with a solar cell and a power conditioner. The solar cell generates DC power, and the power conditioner converts this DC power into AC power. The converted AC power is supplied to the power system.

Large-scale photovoltaic power generation systems are equipped with multiple power conditioners, each of which is connected to an electric power system. For example, the photovoltaic power generation system disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a plurality of solar cells, a plurality of power conditioners, and a monitoring and control system. The monitoring and control system monitors and controls the plurality of power conditioners.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-205322

In the virtual power plant, the monitoring and control system controls the photovoltaic power generation system in response to an instruction from a higher-level central management device. For example, when a power suppression instruction is input from the central management device, the monitoring and control system suppresses the output power from each power conditioner. The following methods can be considered as a method for that purpose. That is, the monitoring and control system calculates the target output power (target output power) for each of the plurality of power conditioners. Then, each power conditioner controls the output power based on the target output power. As a result, the output power of the entire photovoltaic power generation system is suppressed.

However, in the above method, the monitoring and control system must calculate the target output power for each of a plurality of power conditioners. Therefore, there is a problem that the load on the monitoring and control system becomes large. Further, such a high load problem of the monitoring control system occurs not only when the output power is suppressed but also when the predetermined power (adjustment target power) in the photovoltaic power generation system is controlled to various target values. .. Further, the high load problem occurs not only in the photovoltaic power generation system but also in other power generation systems in which a plurality of power devices (such as a power conditioner and a control device for controlling output power) are monitored by the monitoring control system.

The virtual power plant according to the present disclosure was created in view of the above problems. Therefore, the purpose is to provide a virtual power plant capable of reducing the processing load of a device that manages a plurality of electric power devices.

The virtual power plant provided by the first aspect of the present invention is a virtual power plant including a plurality of power systems and a central management device for managing the plurality of power systems, and each of the power systems. Each includes a plurality of electric power devices connected to the electric power system and a centralized management device for managing the plurality of electric power devices, and the centralized management device includes a detection means for detecting the power to be adjusted and the adjustment. An index calculation means for calculating an index for controlling individual output power for each power device so that the target power becomes a target power, and a transmission means for transmitting the index to each of the power devices. Each of the power devices includes a receiving means that receives the index transmitted by the transmitting means, and an individual output power of the own device based on an optimization problem using the index received by the receiving means. The central management device includes the target power calculation means for calculating the individual target power and the control means for controlling the individual output power so as to be the individual target power calculated by the target power calculation means. The upper index calculation means for calculating the upper index for controlling the adjustment target power for each power system and the higher index so that the total power of the adjustment target power of the system becomes the overall target power. Each of the electric power systems is provided with a central management device transmitting means for transmitting, and when the electric power system receives the higher-level index from the central management device, the index calculating means of the electric power system is said to be said. It is characterized in that the index is calculated based on the higher index.

In a preferred embodiment of the virtual power plant, the higher index calculating means sets the number of the power systems to m and the adjusted power of the j-th power system to P _j (t) (j = 1, 2, ...,. m), the overall target power P ^C '(t), j-th target power P ^C of the power system' _j (t) (j = 1,2, ..., m), gradient for the j-th power system The coefficients are ε _j (j = 1, 2, ..., M), and the higher index for the j-th power system is pr'_j (j = 1, 2, ..., M), and the following equations (1a) to (1c) are used. By solving the formula shown by, the higher index pr'_j (j = 1, 2, ..., M) is calculated.
The index calculation means uses the input higher-level index as the index.
The virtual power plant according to claim 1.

In a preferred embodiment of the virtual power plant, the higher index calculating means sets the number of the power systems to m and the adjusted power of the j-th photovoltaic power generation system to P _j (t) (j = 1, 2). ..., m), wherein the target total power P ^C '(t), the gradient coefficients epsilon _all, the upper index for the j-th power system pr'_j (j = 1,2, ..., m) and then, following ( By solving the mathematical formulas shown by the equations 2a) to (2b), the higher index pr'_j (j = 1, 2, ..., M) is calculated, and the index calculation means obtains the input higher index. Use as an index.

In a preferred embodiment of the virtual power plant, each of the power systems transmits the upper and lower limits of the permissible range of the power to be adjusted to the central management device via the transmission means, and the higher index. calculation means, the number of m of said power system, j-th upper limit value P ^C _jmax input from the power system, the lower limit value ^{P C _jmin (j = 1,2,} ..., m), j th the adjusted power P _j (t) of the power system (j = 1,2, ..., m ), wherein the target total power P ^C '(t), j-th target power P ^C of the power system' _j (T) (j = 1, 2, ..., M), the gradient coefficient for the j-th power system is ε _j (j = 1, 2, ..., M), and the higher index for the j-th power system is pr'_j. (J = 1, 2, ..., M), and by solving the formulas shown by the following equations (3a) to (3c), the higher index pr'_j (j = 1, 2, ..., M) is calculated. , The index calculation means uses the input higher-level index as the index.

In a preferred embodiment of the virtual power plant, the higher index calculating means sets the number of power systems to m and the power to be adjusted for each power system to P _j (t) (j = 1, 2, ..., M). the overall target power P ^C '(t), the gradient coefficient ε _all, pr'_j upper index for the j-th power system (j = 1,2, ..., m ) and then, following (4a) ~ ( By solving the formula shown in 4b), the higher index pr'_j (j = 1, 2, ..., M) is calculated, and the index calculation means of the j-th power system is the input higher index. From pr'_j, the target power P ^{C _j, the upper limit value P C} _jmax of the allowable range of the adjustment target power, and the lower limit value P ^{C _jmin, the modified target power P C} is based on the following equations (5a) to (5b). "_J is calculated, the gradient coefficient of the power system is ε _j , the index is pr, and the index pr is calculated by solving the equations shown by the following equations (5c) to (5d).

In a preferred embodiment of the virtual power plant, all the power devices belong to any one of a plurality of groups, and the higher index calculation means sets the number of the groups to p, k. P _k (t) the adjusted power of the group of (k = 1,2, ..., p ), the target total power P ^C '(t), the target power of the k th group P ^C' _k (t ) (K = 1, 2, ..., P), the gradient coefficient for the k-th group is ε _k (k = 1, 2, ..., p), and the Lagrange multiplier for the k-th group is λ _k (k = 1, 2., ..., P), and by solving the formula shown in the following equation (6), the Lagrange multiplier λ _k (k = 1, 2, ..., P) is calculated, and these are used as the upper indexes, and j The index calculation means of the second power system includes the input higher index λ _k (k = 1, 2, ..., P), a coefficient ω _k _j for weighting, the target power P ^C _j, and the adjustment target. from the upper limit value P ^C _jmax and the lower limit value P ^C _jmin tolerance of power, on the basis of the following (7a) ~ (7b) equation, to calculate the corrected target power P ^C "_j, the adjusted power of the power system The index pr is calculated by solving the equations shown by the following equations (7c) to (7d _{), where P j} (t), the gradient coefficient is ε _{j, and the index is pr.}

According to the present invention, the central management device transmits the higher index calculated by the higher index calculation means to each of the electric power systems. When each power system receives a higher index from the central management device, the centralized management device of the power system calculates the index based on the higher index and transmits it to each power device. Each power device calculates the individual target power of the individual output power of its own device based on the optimization problem using the received index, and controls the individual output power. Since the centralized management device only calculates the index based on the received higher-level index, the processing load can be reduced as compared with the case where the target output power is calculated for each power device.

It is a figure which shows the whole structure of the solar power generation system which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the functional structure about the interconnection point power suppression control of the photovoltaic power generation system which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the model of the power conditioner assumed in the simulation. It is a figure which shows the step response of the power control system of the power conditioner assumed in the simulation. It is a figure which shows the verification result (case 1) by the simulation which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the verification result (case 2) by the simulation which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the verification result (case 3) by the simulation which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the verification result (case 4) by the simulation which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the verification result (case 5) by the simulation which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the verification result (case 6) by the simulation which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the verification result (case 7) by the simulation which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the whole structure of the solar power generation system which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the functional structure about the interconnection point power suppression control of the photovoltaic power generation system which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the verification result (case 1) by the simulation which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the verification result (case 2) by the simulation which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the verification result (case 3) by the simulation which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the whole structure of the solar power generation system which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the functional structure about the interconnection point power suppression control of the photovoltaic power generation system which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the functional structure about the peak cut control of the photovoltaic power generation system which concerns on 4th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the functional structure about reverse power flow avoidance control of the photovoltaic power generation system which concerns on 5th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the whole structure of the solar power generation system which concerns on 6th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the functional structure about the system total output suppression control of the photovoltaic power generation system which concerns on 6th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the whole structure of the solar power generation system which concerns on 7th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the functional structure about the system total output suppression control of the photovoltaic power generation system which concerns on 7th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the functional structure about the schedule control of the photovoltaic power generation system which concerns on 8th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the whole structure of the virtual power plant which concerns on 9th Embodiment. (A) is a block diagram for explaining the first operation mode, and (b) is a block diagram for explaining the second operation mode. (A) is a block diagram for explaining the third operation mode, and (b) is a block diagram for explaining the fourth operation mode. It is a block diagram for demonstrating the 5th operation mode.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, the electric power system constituting the virtual power plant according to the present invention will be described as the first to eighth embodiments. In the first to eighth embodiments, the case where the electric power system according to the present invention is a photovoltaic power generation system connected to the electric power system will be described as an example. In the following description, when the electric power at the interconnection point is positive, it is assumed that the electric power is output from the photovoltaic power generation system to the electric power system (reverse power flow). On the other hand, when the electric power at the interconnection point is a negative value, it is assumed that the electric power is output from the electric power system to the photovoltaic power generation system.

1 and 2 are diagrams for explaining the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1. FIG. 2 shows the functional configuration of the control system that controls the electric power at the interconnection point with the electric power system A in the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 includes a plurality of solar cells SP _i (i = 1,2, ..., n; n is a positive integer), a plurality of power conditioners PCS _i , and a plurality of power conditioners PCS i. It also has a centralized management device MC1. The photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 is a grid-connected reverse power flow system.

Each of the plurality of solar cells SP _i converts solar energy into electrical energy. Each solar cell SP _i is configured to include a plurality of solar cell panels connected in series or in parallel. The solar cell panel is, for example, a solar cell panel in which a plurality of solar cells made of a semiconductor such as silicon are connected and protected with a resin or tempered glass so that they can be used outdoors. The solar cell SP _i outputs the generated power (DC power) to the power conditioner PCS _i. The maximum amount of power that can be generated by the solar cell SP _i is defined as the power generation amount P _i ^SP _{of the solar cell SP i} .

Each of the plurality of power conditioners PCS _i converts the electric power (DC electric power) generated by the _{solar cell SP i into AC electric power.} Then, the converted AC power is output to the power system A. Each power conditioner PCS _i includes an inverter circuit, a transformer, a control circuit, and the like. The inverter circuit converts the DC power input from the solar cell SP _i into AC power synchronized with the power system A. The transformer boosts (or steps down) the AC voltage output from the inverter circuit. The control circuit controls an inverter circuit and the like. Further, the power conditioner PCS _i is not limited to the one configured as described above.

When the effective power output from the power conditioner PCS _i P _i ^out, the reactive power and Q _i ^out, the complex power of P _i ^out + jQ _i ^out from the power conditioner PCS _i is outputted. Therefore, the complex power of _{Σ i} P _i ^out + j _{Σ i} Q _i ^out is output to the interconnection point between the plurality of power conditioners PCS _{i and the power system A.} That is, the power at the interconnection point (hereinafter referred to as "interconnection point power") is the sum of the output powers of _{each power conditioner PCS i.} In the present embodiment, the output control of the _{reactive power Q i} ^out , which is mainly used for suppressing the voltage fluctuation at the interconnection point, is not particularly considered. That is, the interconnection point power is the sum _{of the active power Pi} ^{out at} _{the interconnection point (Σ i Pi} ^out ). The interconnection point power is P (t).

When the number of photovoltaic power generation systems PVS1 connected to the power system A increases, the supply of power to the power system A becomes excessive compared to the demand. In order to eliminate this oversupply condition, it is conceivable that each photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 is instructed by the electric power company to suppress the output power. Therefore, the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 according to the present embodiment suppresses the output power in accordance with the output suppression command from the electric power company.

In the present embodiment, the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 is instructed as an output suppression command from the electric power company so that the interconnection point power P (t) does not exceed a predetermined value. The photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 controls the interconnection point power P (t) in accordance with this output suppression command. ^{Specifically, the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 is instructed as an output command value P C} , which is an upper limit value of the interconnection point power P (t), as an output suppression command from the electric power company. Photovoltaic systems PVS1, like interconnection point power P (t) is the output command value P ^C of commanded from the power company, the output power of each power conditioner PCS _i (hereinafter, referred to as "individual output power" .) Control _{P i} ^out. Therefore, the interconnection point power P (t) is set as the adjustment target power, and the output command value P ^C is set as the target value of the interconnection point power P (t). The photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 suppresses the individual output power P _i ^out of each power conditioner PCS _i when the interconnection point power P (t) exceeds the output command value P ^C. For this reason, the control performed by the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 is referred to as "interconnection point power suppression control".

In the interconnection point power suppression control, each power conditioner PCS _i receives the suppression index pr from the centralized management device MC1, and based on the received suppression index pr, _{the target of the individual output power P i} ^out (hereinafter, "individual"). "Target power".) Calculate _{P i} ^ref. Suppression indicator pr is information for linking point power P (t) to the output command value P ^C, which is information for calculating the individual target power P _i ^ref. Each power conditioner PCS _i controls the individual output power P _i ^out based on the calculated individual target power P _i ^ref. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, each power conditioner PCS _i includes a receiving unit 11, a target power calculation unit 12, and an output control unit 13.

The receiving unit 11 receives the suppression index pr transmitted from the centralized management device MC1. The receiving unit 11 receives the suppression index pr from the centralized management device MC1 by, for example, wireless communication. Note that wired communication may be used instead of wireless communication.

Target power calculation unit 12, based on the suppression indicators pr the receiving unit 11 has received, and calculates the individual target power P _i ^ref of the apparatus (power conditioner PCS _i). Specifically, the target power calculation unit 12, by solving a constrained optimization problem represented by the following equation (8), to calculate an individual target power P _i ^ref. In the equation (8), P _i ^lmt represents the rated output (output limit) of each power conditioner PCS _{i , and w i} represents the weight of the power conditioner PCS _i regarding the suppression of active power. Weight w _i for this active power suppression is stored in the target power calculation unit 12. Further, the weight w _i regarding the active power suppression can be manually set by the user. Alternatively, each power conditioner PCS _i may be automatically set according to the conditions of the power conditioner PCS _i (temperature, climate, ineffective power amount, etc.). The details of the following equation (8) will be described later.

The output control unit 13 controls the inverter circuit to control the individual output power P _i ^out . The output control unit 13 sets the individual output power P _i ^out _{to the individual target power P i} ^ref calculated by the target power calculation unit 12.

The centralized management device MC1 centrally manages a plurality of power conditioners PCS _i . The centralized management device MC1 transmits and receives various information to and from each power conditioner PCS _{i by, for example, wireless communication.} Note that wired communication may be used instead of wireless communication. The centralized management device MC1 monitors the interconnection point power P (t) in the interconnection point power suppression control. In addition, the output command value P ^C commanded by the electric power company is acquired. Then, the central control device MC1 calculates the suppression indicators pr for interconnection point power P (t) to the output command value P ^C, and transmits to each of the power conditioner PCS _i. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the centralized management device MC1 includes an output command value acquisition unit 21, an interconnection point power detection unit 22, an index calculation unit 23, and a transmission unit 24.

Output command value obtaining unit 21 obtains the output command value P ^C of commanded from the power company. For example, to obtain the output command value P ^C from the power company through wireless communication. ^{Further, even if the administrator manually inputs the output command value P C} commanded by the electric power company to a predetermined computer and the output command value acquisition unit 21 acquires the output command value P ^{C from the computer.} Good. Alternatively, it relays the other communication device may be configured to acquire the output command value P ^C of commanded from the power company. Output command value acquiring unit 21 outputs the output command value P ^C acquired in the index calculation unit 23.

The output command value acquisition unit 21 notifies the index calculation unit 23 that there is no command when there is no output suppression command from the electric power company. "When there is no output suppression command from the electric power company" is when the output of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 can be output to the maximum _{without suppressing the output of the solar cell SP i.} For example, when each power conditioner PCS _i operates at the maximum power point by the maximum power point tracking control, the maximum output can be achieved. In the present embodiment, the output command value acquiring unit 21, when there is no command for output suppression from power company, as an output command value P ^C, outputs a numeric -1 to the index calculation unit 23. The method is not limited as long as it can be transmitted to the index calculation unit 23 that there is no command. For example, the output command value acquisition unit 21 may acquire flag information indicating the presence or absence of an output suppression command from an electric power company or the like and transmit this to the index calculation unit 23. The flag information is, for example, "0" when there is no output suppression command, and "1" when there is an output suppression command. Note that if there is a command for output suppression (when the flag information is "1"), to obtain the output command value P ^C together with the flag information.

In the present embodiment, illustrating a case where the output command value obtaining unit 21 obtains the output command value P ^C as an example, but is not limited thereto. Specifically, it is also possible to obtain information of an output inhibition rate [%] instead of the output command value P ^C. At this time, the output command value acquisition unit 21 sets the acquired output suppression rate [%] and the rated output of the entire photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 (that is, the total rated output of _{each power conditioner PCS i ) Σ i} P _i ^lmt . The output command value P ^C is calculated based on. For example, the output command value acquiring unit 21, when obtaining a 20% command as output inhibition rate, 80% of the rated output Σ _i P _i ^lmt photovoltaic systems PVS1 (= 100-20) the output command value calculated as P ^C. Output command value acquiring unit 21 outputs the calculated output command value P ^C in the index calculation unit 23.

The interconnection point power detection unit 22 detects the interconnection point power P (t). Then, the detected interconnection point power P (t) is output to the index calculation unit 23. The interconnection point power detection unit 22 may be configured as a detection device different from the centralized management device MC1. In this case, the detection device (interconnection point power detection unit 22) transmits the detection value of the interconnection point power P (t) to the centralized management device MC1 by wireless communication or wired communication.

Index calculating unit 23 calculates the suppression indicators pr for interconnection point power P (t) to the output command value P ^C. The index calculation unit 23 calculates the suppression index pr based on the following equations (9) and (10), where the Lagrange multiplier is λ, the gradient coefficient is ε, and the time is t. However, the index calculation unit 23 as an output command value P ^C, when it is entered the numerical value -1 to indicate that there is no command output suppression from power company, the Lagrange multiplier λ is set to "0". That is, the suppression index pr is calculated as "0". In the following equation (9), since the individual output power P _i ^out and the output command value P ^C are values that change with time t, the individual output power is P _i ^out (t) and the output command value, respectively. Is ^{described as PC} (t). Details of the following equations (9) and (10) will be described later.

The transmission unit 24 transmits the suppression index pr calculated by the index calculation unit 23 to each power conditioner PCS _i .

Next, the interconnection point power suppression control photovoltaic system PVS1 performed, and why the expression (8) is used for calculation of individual target power P _i ^ref by the power conditioner PCS _i, suppression by the central control device MC1 The reason why the above equation (9) and the above equation (10) are used for the calculation of the index pr will be described.

The photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 is configured to achieve the following three goals in the interconnection point power suppression control. The first goal (goal 1-1) is that "each power conditioner PCS _i calculates the individual target power in a distributed manner". The second goal (Goal 1-2) is to "match the output power (coupling point power) at the interconnection point of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 with the output command value from the electric power company." The third goal (goal 1-3) is "to enable the output suppression amount to be adjusted for each _{power conditioner PCS i".} The output suppression amount is the difference between the maximum power value that can be output _{by the power conditioner PCS i and the individual output power P i} ^out. The maximum power value that can be the output, when the power generation amount P _i ^SP> rated output P _i ^lmt solar cell SP _i is the rated output P _i ^lmt power conditioner PCS _i. On the other hand, when the power generation amount P _i ^SP _{of the solar cell SP i} ≤ the rated output P _i ^lmt , the power generation amount P _i ^SP of the solar cell SP _i.

First, the central control device MC1 is, consider the constrained optimization problem when intensive determining the single target power P _i ^ref. Then, the following equation (11) is obtained. Here, as described above, P _i ^ref represents the individual target power of each power conditioner PCS _{i , P i} ^lmt represents the rated output (output limit) of each power conditioner PCS ^{i, and P C} represents the rated output (output limit) of _{each power conditioner PCS i.} , Indicates the output command value commanded by the electric power company. Incidentally, the individual target power P _i ^ref which is the optimal solution of the following equation (11) and (P _i ^{ref) *.} In the following equations (11), the equation (11a) is the minimization of the output suppression amount of the _{individual output power P i} ^out _{, the equation (11b) is the constraint by the rated output P i} ^lmt , and the equation (11c) is the interconnection point. it represents respectively to match the power P (t) to the output command value P ^C.

This shows the case where the centralized management device MC1 obtains the _{individual target power (P i} ^ref ) ^{* from the above equation (11).} Therefore, in the case of the above equation (11), since each power conditioner PCS _i does not calculate the individual target power (P _i ^ref ) ^* in a distributed manner, the target 1-1 is not achieved.

Next, consider a constrained optimization problem when each power conditioner PCS _i obtains an individual target power P _i ^{ref in a distributed manner.} Then, the following equation (12) is obtained.

However, the individual target power is the optimum solution of equation (12) is the power conditioner PCS _i is the individual target power P _i ^ref obtained dispersion, the above-mentioned (11c) below are not considered. Thus, unable to achieve the target 1-2 to match the interconnection point power P (t) to the output command value P ^C from the power company.

Therefore, consider achieving Goal 1-2 by the following method. That is, each power conditioner PCS _i calculates the _{individual target power P i} ^ref in a distributed manner based on the suppression index pr received from the centralized management device MC1. As a result, Goal 1-2 is achieved. The constrained optimization problem when each power conditioner PCS _{i obtains the individual target power P i} ^ref in a distributed manner using the suppression index pr can be expressed by the above equation (8). _{The individual target power P i} ^ref , which is the optimum solution of the above equation (8), is set to (P _i ^ref ) ♭.

Here, when the optimum solution (P _i ^ref ) ^* _{obtained by the above equation (11) and the optimum solution (P i} ^ref ) ♭ obtained by the above equation (8) match, the interconnection point power P ( t) it is possible to match the output command value P ^C from the power company. That is, even when each power conditioner PCS _i solves the optimization problem in a distributed manner, the target 1-2 can be achieved. Therefore, paying attention to the optimality of the steady state, consider the suppression index pr such that _{(P i} ^ref ) ^* = (P _i ^{ref) ♭.} Therefore, the KKT (Karush-Kuhn-Tucker) conditions of the above equations (11) and (8) are considered. As a result, the following equation (13) can be obtained from the KKT condition of the above equation (11), and the following equation (14) can be obtained from the KKT condition of the above equation (8). In addition, μ is a predetermined Lagrange multiplier.

From the above equations (13) and (14), by setting pr = λ (the above equation (10)), the two optimal solutions (P _i ^ref ) ^* and (P _i ^ref ) ♭ match. I understand. Therefore, the centralized management device MC1 calculates the Lagrange multiplier λ and _{presents (transmits) the calculated Lagrange multiplier λ to each power conditioner PCS i} as the suppression index pr, so that each power conditioner PCS _i is described above. The individual target power (P _i ^ref ) ♭ can be calculated from Eq. (8). As a result, even when each power conditioner PCS _i obtains the individual target power P _i ^ref in a distributed manner, the interconnection point power P (t) and the output command value P ^C from the power company are matched. be able to. That is, the goal 1-2 can be achieved.

Subsequently, a method of calculating the Lagrange multiplier λ by the centralized management device MC1 will be described. To the central control device MC1 seeks Lagrangian multiplier lambda, _{firstly, h 1, i = -P i} ref, and ^{_{h 2, i = P i ref}} -P i lmt, collectively inequality constraints of the power conditioner PCS _i Let h _{j, i} (j = 1, 2, i = 1, ..., N). Then, consider the following equation (15), which is the dual problem of the above equation (11).

Here, assuming that the optimum solution (P _i ^ref ) ♭ obtained by each power conditioner PCS _i is determined, the following equation (16) is obtained, which is a form of the maximization problem for the Lagrange multiplier λ. When the gradient method is applied to the following equation (16), the following equation (17) is obtained. Note that ε represents the gradient coefficient and τ represents the time variable.

In the above equation (17), (P _i ^ref ) ♭ is replaced with the individual output power P _i ^out of each corresponding power conditioner PCS _i. Further, the centralized management device MC1 does not individually observe the individual output power P _i ^out _{of each power conditioner PCS i} , but observes the interconnection point power P (t) = Σ _i P _i ^out . Further, it is assumed that the sequential output command value P ^{C is acquired from the electric power company.} Then, the above equation (9) is obtained. Therefore, the centralized management device MC1 can calculate the Lagrange multiplier λ based on the interconnection point power P (t) and the output command value P ^{C from the power company.} Then, the Lagrange multiplier λ calculated based on the above equation (10) is used as the suppression index pr.

From the above, in the present embodiment, the power conditioner PCS _i, when calculating the individual target power P _i ^ref, and using an optimization problem shown in equation (8). Further, the centralized management device MC1 uses the above equation (9) and the above equation (10) to calculate the suppression index pr.

Next, in the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 configured as described above, it was verified by simulation that the above three goals were achieved and the system was operating properly.

In the simulation, a photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 having _{10 power conditioners PCS i} (i = 1 to 10; PCS _{1 to PCS 10) was assumed.}

The model of the power system A (interconnection point voltage) is the following equation (18). In the following equation (18), R = R _L × _L, a _{X = X L × L, R} L is the resistance component per unit length of the distribution line, X _L is the reactance component per unit length of the distribution lines , L represents the length of the distribution line, and V ₁ represents the upper system voltage. In this simulation, the upper system voltage V ₁ is 6600 [V], the resistance component _RL per unit length of the wiring line is 0.220 [Ω / km], and the reactance component X _{L per unit length of the distribution line.} Was 0.276 [Ω / km], and the length L of the distribution line was 5 [km].

The power conditioner PCS _i is assumed to be the model shown in FIG. 3, and PI control is performed in order to control the _{individual output power P i} ^out to the individual target power P _i ^ref. The current control system of the power conditioner PCS _i is designed to respond much faster than the effective / reactive power control system. Here, it is assumed that an appropriate control system has been designed in advance, and it is realized by a first-order lag system of ^{K = 1, T = 10 -4.} The power control system, which is the upper control system of the current control system, assumes a time constant such that the step response converges within 1 [s], and K _PP = K _PQ = 1.0 × 10 ^-7 , K _IP = K _IQ = 1.2 × 10 ^-3 . K _PP represents the proportional gain of active power, K _PQ represents the proportional gain of ineffective power, K _IP represents the integrated gain of active power, and K _IQ represents the integrated gain of ineffective power. FIG. 4 shows the step response of the active / reactive power control system.

FIGS. 5 to 11 show the results when the simulation was performed under a plurality of conditions using the solar power generation system PVS1 of the model shown above. When the power generation amount P _i ^SP of the connected solar cell SP _i is larger than the rated output P _i ^lmt , each power conditioner PCS _i is suppressed to the rated output P _i ^lmt _{of the power conditioner PCS i.} And.

As case 1, a simulation was performed in which _{10 power conditioners PCS 1 to} PCS 10 all had the same conditions. Let the simulation be simulation 1-1. In simulation 1-1, _{all 10 power conditioners PCS 1 to} PCS 10 have a rated output P _i ^lmt of 500 [kW], a weight w _i related to active power suppression of 1.0, and a power generation amount of the _{solar cell SP i.} P _i ^SP has to be 600 [kW]. Further, the output command value P ^C from the electric power company is assumed to be 3000 [kW] when there is no command when 0 ≦ t <60 [s] and when 60 ≦ t [s]. When "there is no command of the output command value P ^C ", the numerical value -1 indicating that there is no command is used as the ^{output command value P C as described above.} Other, gradient coefficients epsilon 0.025, and each sampling time and update the central control device MC1 individual target power update and the power conditioner PCS _i suppression indicators pr is performed to carry out P _i ^ref and 1 [s] .. Further, it _{is assumed that all the power conditioners PCS i} are operated at a power factor of 1 (reactive power target value = 0 [kvar]). FIG. 5 shows the simulation results in simulation 1-1.

Figure 5 (a) ~ (e) is of the power conditioner PCS _i, photovoltaic SP generation amount P _i ^SP (dashed line) of _i, rated output P _i ^lmt (solid line), the individual target power P _i ^ref ( (Dashed line) and individual output power P _i ^out (solid line) are shown. 5 (a) is, for the power conditioner PCS _1, PCS _2, FIG. 5 (b), the power conditioner PCS _3, PCS _4, FIG. 5 (c), the power conditioner PCS _5, PCS ₆ 5 (d) shows the power conditioners PCS ₇ and ₈ and FIG. 5 (e) shows the power conditioners PCS ₉ and PCS ₁₀ . Incidentally, in FIG. 5 (a) ~ (e) , for convenience of understanding, been described in slightly shifted upward to separate target power P _i ^ref (dashed line). FIG. 5 (f) shows the individual output powers P ₁ ^{out to} P ₁₀ ^out _{of the power conditioners PCS 1 to} PC ₁₀ in one graph. FIG. 5 (g) illustrates the interconnection point power P (t) output command value from the (solid line) and electric power company P ^C (dashed line). Incidentally, in FIG. 5 (g), the convenience of understanding, if there is no command output command value P ^C, outputs command the sum of the rated output P ₁ ^lmt ~P ₁₀ ^lmt of PCS ₁ ~PCS ₁₀ of the power conditioner It is described as the value P ^C. FIG. 5H shows the Lagrange multiplier λ calculated by the index calculation unit 23. Then, FIG. 5 (i) shows the suppression index pr calculated by the index calculation unit 23.

The following can be confirmed from FIG. That is, in the period from simulation start until an output suppression command (0 ≦ t <60 [s ]), as shown in FIG. 5 (a) ~ (e) , each individual power conditioner PCS ₁ ~PCS ₁₀ The output power P ₁ ^{out to} P ₁₀ ^out increases according to the power generation amount P ₁ ^{SP to} P ₁₀ ^SP _{of the solar cell SP i} until it reaches 500 [kW] of the individual target powers P ₁ ^{ref to} P ₁₀ ^ref. There is. Then, when the individual target powers P ₁ ^{ref to} P ₁₀ ^ref reach 500 [kW], the individual output powers P ₁ ^{out to} P ₁₀ ^out thereafter reach 500 [kW] of the individual target powers P ₁ ^{ref to} P ₁₀ ^ref. ] Can be confirmed to be controlled. Moreover, the post command output command value ^{P C (60 ≦ t [s} ]), as shown in FIG. 5 (h) and FIG. 5 (i), be the Lagrange multiplier λ and inhibition index pr is updated You can check. Each power conditioner PCS ₁ ~PCS _10, based on the update of the suppression indicators pr, as shown in FIG. 5 (a) ~ (e) , by changing the individual target power P ₁ ^ref ~P ₁₀ ^ref There is. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the individual output powers P ₁ ^{out to} P ₁₀ ^out are suppressed and follow the individual target powers P ₁ ^{ref to} P ₁₀ ^ref. Thus, as shown in FIG. 5 (g), the suppressed linking point power P (t) is, it can be confirmed that they match the output command value P ^C in the steady state.

As case 2, the _{weights w 5} and w ₆ related to the active power suppression set in the power conditioners PCS ₅ and PCS _{6 out of the 10 power conditioners PCS 1 to} PCS 10 are the other power conditioners PCS _1. The cases different from those of ~ _{PCS 4} and PCS _{7 ~ PCS 10 were simulated.} Let the simulation be simulation 1-2. _{In simulation 1-2, the weight w i} for the active power suppression of the two power conditioners PCS ₅ and PCS ₆ was set to 2.0. Other conditions are the same as in Simulation 1-1. FIG. 6 shows the simulation results in simulation 1-2. Note that FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (i) are diagrams corresponding to FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (i) in the simulation 1-1, respectively.

The following can be confirmed from FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 6 (a) ~ FIG 6 (e), compared with the simulation 1-1 shown in FIG. 5, the power conditioner PCS ₅ changed weights w _i relating active power suppression, the output of the PCS ₆ It can be confirmed that the suppression amount is half of the output suppression amount of the other power conditioners PCS _{1 to PCS 4} and PCS _{7 to PCS 10.} At this time, as shown in FIGS. 6 (h) and 6 (i), the Lagrange multiplier λ and the suppression index pr calculated by the centralized management device MC1 are also the values in the above simulation 1-1 (FIGS. 5 (h) and 5). It can also be confirmed that it is different from (i)). Therefore, by adjusting the weights w _i relating active power suppression, it is possible to have a difference in output suppression quantity. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the output suppression amount of the other power conditioners PCS _{1 to PCS 4} and PCS _{7 to PCS 10 is measured by the reduction of the output suppression amount of the power conditioners PCS 5} and PCS _{6 in} the above simulation 1. by greater than -1, as shown in FIG. 6 (g), interconnection point power P (t) is, it can be confirmed that they match the output command value P ^C in the steady state. Therefore, it can be said that the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 is operating appropriately in consideration _{of the weight w i} regarding the active power suppression set in the _{power conditioner PCS i.}

As case 3, a simulation was performed in which the _{weights w 5} and w ₆ related to the active power suppression of two power conditioners PCS ₅ and PCS _{6 out of 10 power conditioners PCS 1 to PCS 10 were changed in the middle.} .. Let the simulation be simulation 1-3. _{In simulation 1-3, the weights w 5} and w ₆ related to the active power suppression of the two power conditioners PCS ₅ and PCS _{6 are set to w 5} = w ₆ = 1.0 at the start time (0 [s]). After the lapse of 120 [s], the change was made to _{w 5} = w _{6 = 2.0.} That is, in 60 ≦ t <120 [s] , while the weight w ₁ to w ₁₀ about the effective suppression of power each power conditioner PCS ₁ ~PCS ₁₀ as described above simulation 1-1 are all 1.0, 120 In ≦ t [s], the _{weights w 5} and w ₆ related to the active power suppression of the _{power conditioners PCS 5} and PCS ₆ were changed to 2.0 as in the above simulation 1-2. Other conditions are the same as in Simulation 1-1. FIG. 7 shows the simulation results in Simulation 1-3. Note that FIGS. 7 (a) to 7 (i) are diagrams corresponding to FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (i) in the simulation 1-1, respectively.

The following can be confirmed from FIG. 7. _{That is, before changing the weights w 5} and w ₆ related to the active power suppression of the power conditioners PCS ₅ and PC ₆ to 2.0 (60 ≦ t <120 [s]), the same result as the above simulation 1-1 is obtained. _{Yes, after changing the weights w 5} and w ₆ related to the active power suppression of the power conditioners PCS ₅ and PC ₆ to 2.0 (120 ≦ t [s]), the same result as the above simulation 1-2 is obtained. It can be confirmed that Therefore, even in this way adjust the weights w _i relating active power suppression in the middle (change), continuously, it is possible to match the interconnection point power P (t) to the output command value P ^C.

In case 4, the power generation of the solar cell SP _{i is performed} for each of the two power conditioners (PCS ₁ and PCS ₂ , PCS ₃ and PCS ₄ , PCS ₅ and PCS ₆ , PCS ₇ and PCS ₈ , PCS ₉ and PCS _10). The case where the quantity P _i ^SP was different was simulated. Let the simulation be simulation 1-4. In Simulation 1-4, the solar cell SP _i of each of the two power conditioners (PCS ₁ and PCS ₂ , PCS ₃ and PCS ₄ , PCS ₅ and PCS ₆ , PCS ₇ and PCS ₈ , PCS ₉ and PCS _10). The amount of power generated P _i ^SP is P ₁ ^SP , P ₂ ^SP = 600 [kW], P ₃ ^SP , P ₄ ^SP = 500 [kW], P ₅ ^SP , P ₆ ^SP = 400 [kW], P ₇ ^{SP, respectively.} , P ₈ ^SP = 300 [kW], P ₉ ^SP , P ₁₀ ^SP = 200 [kW]. Other conditions are the same as in Simulation 1-1. FIG. 8 shows the simulation results in Simulation 1-4. 8 (a) to 8 (i) are diagrams corresponding to FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (i) in the simulation 1-1, respectively.

The following can be confirmed from FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 8 (a) ~ (e) , if the individual target power P _i ^ref is power generation amount P _i ^SP or more solar cells SP _i, it can be confirmed that not performing the output suppression. Further, as shown in FIG. 8 (f), if the same power conditioner PCS ₁ ~PCS ₁₀ rated output P _i ^lmt power generation amount P _i ^SP solar cell SP _i different, the amount of power generated by solar cell SP _i P _i ^SP with less power conditioner PCS ₇ ~PCS ₁₀ it can be confirmed that that has not been output suppression. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 8 (g), the suppressed linking point power P (t) is, it can be confirmed that they match the output command value P ^C in the steady state. Therefore, it can be said that the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 is operating appropriately in consideration of the power generation amount P _i ^SP _{of the solar cell SP i.}

As a case 5, every two of the power conditioner (PCS ₁ and PCS _2, PCS ₃ and PCS _4, PCS ₅ and PCS _6, PCS ₇ and PCS _8, PCS ₉ and PCS _10), the rated output P _i ^lmt Different cases were simulated. Let the simulation be simulation 1-5. In the simulation 1-5, the rated output P _i ^lmt every two of the power conditioner (PCS ₁ and PCS _2, PCS ₃ and PCS _4, PCS ₅ and PCS _6, PCS ₇ and PCS _8, PCS ₉ and PCS ₁₀₎ P ₁ ^lmt , P ₂ ^lmt = 500 [kW], P ₃ ^lmt , P ₄ ^lmt = 400 [kW], P ₅ ^lmt , P ₆ ^lmt = 300 [kW], P ₇ ^lmt , P ₈ ^lmt = 200 [kW], P ₉ ^lmt , P ₁₀ ^lmt = 100 [kW]. Further, as the output command value P ^C from the electric power company, there is no command when 0 ≦ t <60 [s], and 2000 [kW] is set when 60 ≦ t [s], and the power generation amount P _i ^SP _{of the solar cell SP i} is set. The rated output P _i ^lmt +100 [kW] was set for each. Other conditions are the same as in Simulation 1-1. FIG. 9 shows the simulation results in Simulation 1-5. Note that FIGS. 9 (a) to 9 (i) are diagrams corresponding to FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (i) in the simulation 1-1, respectively.

The following can be confirmed from FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 9 (f), the case where the rated output P _i ^lmt is different, the output suppression amount can be confirmed to be equal in each of the power conditioner PCS ₁ ~PCS _10. Further, the interconnection point power P (t) is suppressed as shown in FIG. 9 (g), the can be confirmed that matches the output command value P ^C in the steady state. Therefore, it can be said that the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 is operating appropriately in consideration of the rated output P _i ^lmt _{of the power conditioner PCS i.}

As case 6, a case where the sampling time was lengthened was simulated. Let the simulation be simulation 1-6. In simulation 1-6, the sampling time was set to 60 [s] = 1 [min]. Further, the slope coefficient ε and 0.0005, as the output command value P ^C from the power company, 0 ≦ t <5 [min ] no instruction in, and a 5 ≦ t [min] In 3000 [kW]. Other conditions are the same as in Simulation 1-1. FIG. 10 shows the simulation results in Simulation 1-6. Note that FIGS. 10 (a) to 10 (i) are diagrams corresponding to FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (i) in the simulation 1-1, respectively.

The following can be confirmed from FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 10 (g), when longer the sampling time, although the time to interconnection point power P (t) follows the output command value P ^C is longer than the above-described simulation 1-1 , is suppressed linking point power P (t) is, it can be confirmed that they match the output command value P ^C in the steady state.

In case 7, a simulation was performed in which the sampling time was made longer than the sampling time in case 6. Let the simulation be simulation 1-7. In simulation 1-7, the sampling time was set to 180 [s] = 3 [min]. Further, the slope coefficient ε and 0.0003, as the output command value P ^C from the power company, 0 ≦ t <5 [min ] no instruction in, and a 5 ≦ t [min] In 3000 [kW]. Other conditions are the same as in Simulation 1-1. FIG. 11 shows the simulation results in Simulation 1-7. 11 (a) to 11 (i) are diagrams corresponding to FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (i) in the simulation 1-1, respectively.

The following can be confirmed from FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 11 (g), in the case where the sampling time was longer than the simulation 1-6 also are interconnection point power P (t) is suppressed, one to the output command value P ^C in a steady state You can confirm that you are doing it.

The following can be confirmed by comparing FIGS. 5 to 11 in addition to the results for each of FIGS. 5 to 11. That is, as shown in each figure (h) and (i), the Lagrange multiplier λ and suppression indicator pr is the power conditioner PCS ₁ ~PCS _10, power generation of the solar cell SP _i P _i ^SP, the rated output P _i ^lmt, weight w _i relating active power suppression, and, on the basis of such an output command value P ^C, it can be confirmed that different values are calculated. Further, as shown in each figure (a) ~ (e), in accordance with the updating of the suppression indicators pr, it can be confirmed that the individual target power P _i ^ref is updated. The power conditioner PCS ₁ ~PCS _10, in response to the individual target power P _i ^ref, and controls the individual output power P _i ^out. Thus, as shown in (g) is each figure, it can be confirmed that by matching linking point power P (t) to the output command value P ^C. From the above, it can be said that the suppression index pr calculated by the centralized management device MC1 using the above equations (9) and (10) is an appropriate value.

From the results of the above simulations 1-1 to 1-7, in the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1, each power conditioner PCS _i distributes the individual target power P based on the suppression index pr received from the centralized management device MC1. _i ^ref is calculated. Therefore, the above target 1-1 has been achieved. Further, the interconnection point power P (t) is suppressed, coincides with the output command value P ^C. Therefore, the above target 1-2 has been achieved. Then, the individual output power P _i ^out changes for _{each power conditioner PCS i} according to various conditions. That is, the output suppression amount changes for each _{power conditioner PCS i according to various conditions.} Therefore, the above goals 1-3 have been achieved. From the above, it can be seen that the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 has achieved the above three goals.

As described above, in the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 according to the first embodiment, the central control device MC1 is outputted from the command value P ^C and detected interconnection point power P (t) from the power company, the ( The suppression index pr is calculated using the equation 9) and the above equation (10), and this is transmitted to _{each power conditioner PCS i.} Further, each power conditioner PCS _{i calculates the individual target power P i} ^ref by solving the optimization problem of the above equation (8) in a distributed manner based on the received suppression index pr, and then obtains the individual output power. P _i ^out is controlled to the individual target power P _i ^ref. As a result, the centralized management device MC1 can perform only the simple calculations shown in the above equations (9) and (10). Therefore, in the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1, the processing load of the centralized management device MC1 can be reduced. Further, even when each power conditioner PCS _{i calculates the individual target power P i} ^ref in a distributed manner based on the suppression index pr and controls the individual output power P _i ^out , the interconnection point power P (t). ) it can be matched to the output command value P ^C from the power company.

The case where the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 according to the first embodiment is composed of a plurality of power conditioners PCS _{i to which the solar cell SP i} is connected has been described as an example. However, in the case of such a photovoltaic power generation system PVS1, the influence on the output due to the weather change is large. Therefore, in order to suppress output fluctuations due to weather fluctuations and the like, there is a photovoltaic power generation system in which a power conditioner connected to a solar cell and a power conditioner connected to a storage battery are installed side by side. This case will be described below as a second embodiment.

12 and 13 are diagrams for explaining the photovoltaic power generation system PVS2 according to the second embodiment. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS2. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a functional configuration of a control system that controls electric power at an interconnection point with the electric power system A in the photovoltaic power generation system PVS2 shown in FIG. The same or similar to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 according to the first embodiment is designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 12, the photovoltaic power generation system PVS2 includes a plurality of solar cells SP _i (i = 1, 2, ..., N; n is a positive integer), a plurality of power conditioners PCS _PVi , and a plurality of power conditioners PCS PVi. It is composed of a plurality of storage batteries B _k (k = 1, 2, ..., M; m is a positive integer), a plurality of power conditioners PCS _Bk , and a centralized management device MC2. The photovoltaic power generation system PVS2 is a grid-connected reverse power flow system.

Each of the plurality of power conditioner PCS _PVi is configured in the same manner as the power conditioner PCS _{i of the first embodiment.} That is, each power conditioner PCS _PVi converts the power generated by the solar cell SP _i (DC power) into AC power, and outputs the converted AC power to the power system A.

Each of the plurality of storage batteries B _k is a battery that can store electric power by repeatedly charging. The storage battery B _k is, for example, a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, a nickel cadmium battery, or a lead storage battery. Further, a capacitor such as an electric double layer capacitor may be used. Battery B _k is to discharge accumulated power and supplies DC power to the power conditioner PCS _Bk.

Each plurality is the power conditioner PCS _Bk, is intended for converting the DC power supplied from battery B _k to AC power. Further, each power conditioner PCS _Bk converts AC power input from the power system A and each power conditioner PCS _PVi into DC power and supplies it _{to the storage battery B k.} That is, the storage battery B _k is charged. Each power conditioner PCS _Bk is controlling the charging and discharging of the battery B _k. Thus, functions as a discharge circuit to discharge the charging circuit and the battery B _k to charge the battery B _k.

_Assuming that the active power output from each power conditioner PCS _{PVi is P PVi} ^out and the ineffective power is Q _PVi ^out , the complex power of P _PVi ^out + jQ _PVi ^out is output from each power conditioner PCS _PVi. Further, assuming that the active power output from each power conditioner PCS _{Bk is P Bk} ^out and the ineffective power is Q _Bk ^out , the complex power of P _Bk ^out + jQ _Bk ^out is output from each power conditioner PCS _Bk. Therefore, at the interconnection point between the power conditioners PCS _PVi and PCS _Bk and the power system A, (Σ _i P _PVi ^out + Σ _k P _Bk ^out ) + j (Σ _i Q _PVi ^out + Σ _k Q _Bk ^out ) Complex power is output. That is, the interconnection point power is the sum of the output powers of the _{power conditioners PCS PVi} and PCS _{Bk. Also in this embodiment, the output control of the reactive powers Q PVi} ^out and Q _Bk ^out , which are mainly used for suppressing voltage fluctuations at the interconnection point, is not particularly considered. That is, the interconnection point power is the sum _{of the active powers P PVi} ^out and P _Bk ^{out at} _{the interconnection point (Σ i} P _PVi ^out + Σ _k P _Bk ^out ).

In the present embodiment, the photovoltaic power generation system PVS2 is instructed by the electric power company so that the interconnection point power P (t) does not exceed a predetermined value. The photovoltaic power generation system PVS2 controls the interconnection point power P (t) according to this instruction. Specifically, photovoltaic systems PVS2 as an instruction from the power company is commanded the output command value P ^C. Photovoltaic systems PVS2, like interconnection point power P (t) is the output command value P ^C of commanded from the power company, the power conditioner PCS _PVi, PCS _Bk individual output power P _PVi ^out, P Control _Bk ^out. Therefore, the interconnection point power P (t) is set as the adjustment target power, and the output command value P ^C is set as the target value of the interconnection point power P (t). Photovoltaic systems PVS2, when interconnection point power P (t) exceeds the output command value P ^C, suppresses the power conditioner PCS _PVi, individual output power P _PVi ^out of PCS _Bk, the P _Bk ^out .. For this reason, the photovoltaic power generation system PVS2 also performs interconnection point power suppression control.

In the interconnection point power suppression control, each power conditioner PCS _{PVi receives the suppression index pr PV} from the centralized management device MC2, and calculates the individual target power P _PVi ^ref based on the received suppression index pr _PV. Suppression indicator pr _PV is information for linking point power P (t) to the output command value P ^C, which is information for calculating the individual target power P _PVi ^ref. Each power conditioner PCS _PVi controls the individual output power P _PVi ^out based on the calculated individual target power P _PVi ^ref. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13, each power conditioner PCS _PVi includes a receiving unit 11, a target power calculation unit 12', and an output control unit 13.

_{The target power calculation unit 12'calculates} the individual target power P _PVi ^ref of the own device (power conditioner PCS _{PVi) based on the suppression index pr PV} received by the reception unit 11. _{Specifically, the target power calculation unit 12'calculates} ^{the individual target power P PVi ref} by solving the constrained optimization problem shown in the following equation (19). _{Therefore, the target power calculation unit 12'is} different from the target power calculation unit 12 according to the first embodiment in the calculation formula of the optimization problem for calculating the ^{individual target power P PVi ref.} In the equation (19), w _PVi represents the weight related to the active power suppression of the power conditioner PCS _{PVi, and is a design value.} Further, Pφ _i indicates a design parameter (hereinafter referred to as “priority parameter”) indicating whether or not to give priority to suppressing the individual output power P _PVi ^out of the power conditioner PCS _{PVi, which is a design value.} .. When the priority parameter Pφ _i is reduced, _{the charge amount of the storage battery B k} is reduced, and the individual output power P _PVi ^out is easily suppressed. On the other hand, when the priority parameter Pφ _i is increased, the charge amount of the _{storage battery B k} is increased, and it becomes difficult to suppress the _{individual output power P PV} ^{i out.} Therefore, it can be said that the priority parameter Pφ _i is a design parameter indicating whether or not to prioritize the charging of the storage battery B _k. In addition, this priority parameter P.PHI _i, the output limit according to the rated output of the power conditioner PCS _PVi separately, considered as pseudo output limits of the individual output power P _PVi ^out of the power conditioner PCS _PVi is set Be done. Therefore, the priority parameter Pφ _i can be said to be a pseudo effective output limit. The weight w _PVi and the priority parameter Pφ _i can be set by the user. Details of the following equation (19) will be described later.

In the interconnection point power suppression control, each power conditioner PCS _{Bk receives the charge / discharge index pr B} from the centralized control device MC2, and calculates the individual target power P _Bk ^ref based on the received charge / discharge index pr _B. .. The charge / discharge index pr _B is information for setting the interconnection point power P (t) to the output command value P ^C , and is information for calculating the _{individual target power P Bk} ^ref. It is also information for determining how much the storage battery B _{k is to be charged or discharged.} Each power conditioner PCS _Bk controls the individual output power P _Bk ^out based on the calculated individual target power P _Bk ^ref. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13, each power conditioner PCS _Bk includes a receiving unit 31, a target power calculation unit 32, and an output control unit 33.

The receiving unit 31 is configured in the same manner as the receiving unit 11 according to the first embodiment, and receives the charge / discharge index pr _B transmitted from the centralized management device MC2.

The target power calculation unit 32 calculates the individual target power P _Bk ^ref of the own device (power conditioner PCS _{Bk ) based on the charge / discharge index pr B received by the reception unit 31.} Specifically, the target power calculation unit 32 calculates the individual target power P _Bk ^ref by solving the optimization problem shown in the following equation (20). In the equation (20), P _Bk ^lmt represents the rated output (output limit) of each power conditioner PCS _Bk. w _Bk represents the weight regarding the active power of the power conditioner PCS _Bk. The weight w _Bk can be set by the user. Further, α _k and β _k represent adjustment parameters that can be adjusted according to the remaining amount of the storage battery B _k. The details of the following equation (20) will be described later.

The output control unit 33 is configured in the same manner as the output control unit 13 according to the first embodiment. The output control unit 33 controls _{the discharge and charge of the storage battery B k to set} the individual output power P _Bk ^out _{to the individual target power P Bk} ^ref calculated by the target power calculation unit 32. Specifically, when the individual target power P _Bk ^ref calculated by the target power calculation unit 32 is a positive value, _{the power (DC power) stored in the storage battery B k} is converted into AC power and used in the power system A. Supply. That is, the power conditioner PCS _{Bk is made} to function as a discharge circuit. On the other hand, when the individual target power P _Bk ^ref is a negative value, at least a part of the AC power output from the _{power conditioner PCS PVi} is converted into DC power and supplied _{to the storage battery B k.} That is, the power conditioner PCS _{Bk is made} to function as a charging circuit.

The centralized management device MC2 centrally manages a plurality of power conditioners PCS _PVi and PCS _Bk . As shown in FIG. 13, the centralized management device MC2 is compared with the centralized management device MC1 according to the first embodiment, in which the index calculation unit 23 is replaced by the index calculation unit 43 and the transmission unit 24 is replaced by the transmission unit 44. It differs in that it is. The central control device MC2, at interconnection node power suppression control, calculates a suppression index pr _PV and charge-discharge indicator pr _B for interconnection point power P (t) to the output command value P ^C, suppression index pr _{PV Is} transmitted to the power conditioner PCS PVi, and the charge / discharge index pr _B is transmitted to the power conditioner PCS _Bk.

Index calculating unit 43 calculates the suppression indicators pr _PV and charge-discharge indicator pr _B for interconnection point power P (t) to the output command value P ^C. _{The index calculation unit 43 calculates the suppression index pr PV} and the charge / discharge index pr _B based on the following equations (21) and (22), where the Lagrange multiplier is λ, the gradient coefficient is ε, and the time is t. However, the index calculation unit 43 as the output command value P ^C from the output command value acquiring unit 21, when it is entered the numerical value -1 to indicate that there is no command output suppression from power company, the Lagrange multiplier λ " 0 ”. That is, both the suppression index pr _PV and the charge / discharge index pr _B are calculated as “0”. In the following equation (21), since the individual output powers P _PVi ^out , P _Bk ^out and the output command value P ^C are values that change with respect to time t, the individual output powers are respectively P _PVi ^out (t). describes a P _Bk ^out (t) and the output command value and P ^C (t). Details of the following equation (21) and the following equation (22) will be described later.

The transmission unit 44 transmits the suppression index pr _PV calculated by the index calculation unit 43 to the power conditioner PCS _PVi, and transmits the charge / discharge index pr _B calculated by the index calculation unit 43 to the power conditioner PCS _Bk .

Next, the reason why the above equation (19) is used to calculate the individual target power P _PVi ^ref _{by the power conditioner PCS PVi} in the interconnection point power suppression control performed by the photovoltaic power generation system PVS2, and the _{individual by the power conditioner PCS Bk} . The reason why the above equation (20) is used to calculate the target power P _Bk ^ref , and the above equations (21) and (22) _{are used to calculate the suppression index pr PV} and the charge / discharge index pr _{B by the centralized control device MC2.} The reason why it is used will be explained.

The photovoltaic power generation system PVS2 is configured to achieve the following five goals in the interconnection point power suppression control. The first goal (Goal 2-1) is that "each power conditioner PCS _PVi and PCS _Bk calculate individual target power in a distributed manner". The second goal (Goal 2-2) is to "do not suppress the output power of _{the power conditioner PCS PVi connected to the solar cell as much as possible".} The third goal (goal 2-3) is that "the storage battery is charged when the interconnection point power is larger than the output command value, and discharged when the interconnection point power is insufficient". The fourth goal (goal 2-4) is to "match the output power (interconnection point power) at the interconnection point of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS2 with the output command value from the electric power company." The fifth goal (2-5) is to "enable the output suppression amount to be adjusted for each _{power conditioner PCS PVi} and PCS _Bk".

First, consider a constrained optimization problem when the centralized management device MC2 centrally _{obtains individual target powers P PVi} ^ref and P _Bk ^ref. Then, the following equation (23) is obtained. Here, as described above, P _PVi ^ref and P _Bk ^ref represent the individual target powers of the respective power conditioners PCS _PVi and PCS _{Bk , respectively, and P PVi} ^lmt and P _Bk ^lmt represent the individual target powers of the respective power conditioners PCS _{PVi, respectively.} , PCS _Bk 's rated output (output limit), Pφ _i represents the priority parameter. _{The individual target powers P PVi} ^ref and P _Bk ^ref, which are the optimum solutions of the following equation (23), are set to _{(P PVi} ^ref ) ^* and (P _Bk ^ref ) ^* , respectively. In the following equation (23), the equation (23a) is the minimization of the output suppression amount of the individual output power P _PVi ^out _{of each power conditioner PCS PVi} and the output amount of the individual output power P _Bk ^out of _{each power conditioner PCS Bk.} Equation (23b) is the constraint by the rated output P _PVi ^lmt _{of each power conditioner PCS PVi} , and equation (23c) is the constraint by the rated output P _Bk ^lmt _{of each power conditioner PCS Bk} , equation (23d). the remaining constraints of the storage batteries B _k, (23e) expression to match interconnection point power P (t) to the output command value P ^C, represents respectively.

This shows the case where the centralized control device MC2 obtains the _{individual target powers (P PVi} ^ref ) ^* and (P _Bk ^ref ) ^{* from the above equation (23).} Therefore, in the case of the above equation (23), since the power conditioners PCS _PVi and PCS _Bk do not calculate the individual target powers (P _PVi ^ref ) ^* and (P _Bk ^ref ) ^{* in a distributed manner, the target 2-1} Has not been achieved.

Next, consider a constrained optimization problem when each power conditioner PCS _PVi obtains an individual target power P _PVi ^{ref in a distributed manner.} Then, the following equation (24) is obtained.

Similarly, consider a constrained optimization problem when each power conditioner PCS _Bk finds the individual target power P _Bk ^{ref in a distributed manner.} Then, the following equation (25) is obtained.

However, the individual target power, which is the optimum solution of the above equation (24), is the individual target power P _PVi ^ref _{distributed by each power conditioner PCS PVi} , but the above equation (23e) is not taken into consideration. Similarly, the individual target power that is the optimum solution of the above equation (25) is the individual target power P _Bk ^ref _{distributed by each power conditioner PCS Bk} , but the above equation (23e) is not taken into consideration. .. Thus, unable to achieve the target 2-4 to match the interconnection point power P (t) to the output command value P ^C from the power company.

Therefore, next, let us consider achieving the goal 2-4 by the method. That is, each power conditioner PCS _PVi calculates the individual target power P _PVi ^ref _{in a distributed manner based on the suppression index pr PV} received from the centralized management device MC2, and each power conditioner PCS _Bk is the centralized management device MC2. Based on the charge / discharge index pr _B received from, the individual target power P _Bk ^ref is calculated in a distributed manner. As a result, Goal 2-4 is achieved. The constrained optimization problem when each power conditioner PCS _PVi obtains the individual target power P _PVi ^ref in a distributed manner using the suppression index pr _PV can be expressed by the above equation (19). _{The individual target power P PVi} ^ref , which is the optimum solution of the above equation (19), is set to (P _PVi ^ref ) ♭. Similarly, the constrained optimization problem when each power conditioner PCS _Bk obtains the individual target power P _Bk ^ref in a distributed manner using the charge / discharge index pr _B can be expressed by the above equation (20). .. _{The individual target power P Bk} ^ref , which is the optimum solution of the above equation (20), is set to (P _Bk ^ref ) ♭.

Here, the optimum solution (P _PVi ^ref ) ^* _{obtained by the above equation (23) and the optimum solution (P PVi} ^ref ) ♭ obtained by the above equation (19) match, and the above equation (23) is used. When the obtained optimum solution (P _Bk ^ref ) ^* _{and the optimum solution (P Bk} ^ref ) ♭ obtained by the above equation (20) match, the interconnection point power P (t) is output from the electric power company. Can be matched to the value P ^C. That is, even when the power conditioners PCS _PVi and PCS _Bk solve the optimization problem in a distributed manner, the goals 2-4 can be achieved. Therefore, paying attention to the optimality of the steady state, the _{suppression index pr PV} in which _{(P PVi} ^ref ) ^* = (P _PVi ^ref ) ♭ and the charge / discharge in which _{(P Bk} ^ref ) ^* = (P _Bk ^{ref) ♭} Consider the index pr _B. Therefore, the KKT conditions of the above equation (23), the above equation (19), and the above equation (20) are considered. As a result, the following equation (26) is obtained from the KKT condition of the above equation (23), the following equation (27) is obtained from the KKT condition of the above equation (19), and the following equation (20) is obtained from the KKT condition of the above equation (20). 28) Equation is obtained. Note that μ and ν are predetermined Lagrange multipliers.

From the above equations (26), (27), and (28 _{), by setting pr PV} = pr _B = λ (the above equation (22)), (P _PVi ^ref ) ^* and (P) It can be seen that _PVi ^ref ) ♭ and (P _Bk ^ref ) ^* and (P _Bk ^{ref) ♭ match.} Therefore, the centralized management device MC2 calculates the Lagrange multiplier λ and _{presents (transmits) the calculated Lagrange multiplier λ as the suppression index pr PV} to each power conditioner PCS _PVi , so that each power conditioner PCS _PVi has its own. _{The individual target power (P PVi} ^ref ) ♭ can be calculated from the above equation (19). Similarly, the centralized management device MC2 presents (transmits) the calculated Lagrange multiplier λ as the charge / discharge index pr _B to each power conditioner PCS _Bk , so that each power conditioner PCS _Bk has the above (20). The individual target power (P _Bk ^ref ) ♭ can be calculated from the formula. As a result, even when each power conditioner PCS _PVi and PCS _Bk obtain the individual target powers P _PVi ^ref and P _Bk ^ref in a distributed manner, the interconnection point power P (t) and the output command from the power company. The value P ^C can be matched. That is, the goal 2-4 can be achieved.

Next, a method of calculating the Lagrange multiplier λ by the centralized management device MC2 will be described. In order to obtain the Lagrange multiplier λ, first, h ¹ _{1, i} = −P _PVi ^ref , h ¹ _{2, i} = P _PVi ^ref −P _PVi ^lmt, and the inequality constraints of each power conditioner PCS _PVi ^{are collectively h 1} _{Let x, i} ≤ 0 (x = 1, 2, i = 1, ..., N). Similarly, h ² _{1, k} = −P _Bk ^lmt −P _Bk ^ref , h ² _{2, k} = P _Bk ^ref −P _Bk ^lmt , h ² _{3, k} = α _k −P _Bk ^ref , h ² _{4 , k} = P _Bk ^ref −β _k, and the inequality constraints of each power conditioner PCS _Bk ^{are summarized as h 2} _{y, k} ≦ 0 (y = 1,2,3,4, k = 1, ···, m ). Then, consider the following equation (29), which is the dual problem of the above equation (23).

Here, assuming that the optimum solution (P _PVi ^ref ) ♭, (P _Bk ^ref ) ♭ obtained by each power conditioner PCS _PVi and PCS _Bk is determined, the following equation (30) is obtained, and the maximum for the Lagrange multiplier λ. It becomes a form of the conversion problem. When the gradient method is applied to the following equation (30), the following equation (31) is obtained. Note that ε represents the gradient coefficient and τ represents the time variable.

In the above equation (31), (P _PVi ^ref ) ♭ is replaced with the individual output power P _PVi ^out of the corresponding power conditioner PCS _PVi , and (P _Bk ^ref ) ♭ is replaced with the individual output power P of the corresponding power conditioner PCS _{Bk. Replace} with ^{Bk out.} Further, the centralized management device MC2 does not individually observe the individual output powers P _PVi ^out and P _Bk ^out _{of each power conditioner PCS PVi} and PCS _Bk , and the interconnection point power P (t) = Σ _i P _PVi ^out + Σ. Observe _k P _Bk ^out. Further, it is assumed that the sequential output command value P ^{C is acquired from the electric power company.} Then, the above equation (21) is obtained. Thus, the central control device MC2, based on the interconnection point power P (t) and the output command value P ^C from the power company may calculate the Lagrange multiplier lambda. Then, the Lagrange multiplier λ calculated based on the above equation (22) is used as the suppression index pr _PV and the charge / discharge index pr _B.

From the above, in the present embodiment, each power conditioner PCS _PVi uses the optimization problem shown in the above equation (19) when calculating the individual target power P _PVi ^ref. Further, each power conditioner PCS _Bk uses the optimization problem shown in the above equation (20) when calculating the individual target power P _Bk ^ref. Then, the centralized management device MC2 uses the above equation (21) and the above equation (22) when calculating the _{suppression index pr PV} and the charge / discharge index pr _B.

Next, in the photovoltaic power generation system PVS2 configured as described above, it was verified by simulation that the above five goals were achieved and the system was operating properly.

In the simulation, 5 power conditioner PCS _PVi to which the solar cell SP _i was connected (i = 1 to 5; PCS _{PV1 to} PCS PV5 _{) and 5} power conditioner PCS _Bk to which the storage battery B _{k was connected (i = 1 to 5; PCS PV1 to PCS PV5).} A photovoltaic power generation system PVS2 having k = 1 to 5; PCS _{B1 to PCS B5) was assumed.}

Further, in this simulation, the model of the storage battery B _{k is, d / dt (x k)} = - K k P Bk out, was s _k = x _k. Here, s _k denotes the charged electrical energy of the storage battery B _k, K _K represents the characteristic of the battery B _{k. Further, the adjustment parameters α k} and β _k that can be adjusted according to the remaining amount of the storage battery B _k are set as shown in Table 1. In Table 1, SOC _k indicates the charge rate (State Of Charge) [%] of each storage battery B _{Bk , the charge power amount [kWh] is Sk} , and the maximum capacity [kWh] of the storage battery B _{k is S. As k} ^max , it is calculated by _{SOC k} = (S _k / S _k ^{max) × 100.}

The priority parameter (pseudo effective output limit) Pφ _{i of each power conditioner PCS PVi} , which is a parameter related to the optimization problem, was set to 1000 [kW]. In addition, the model of the power system A (interconnection point voltage) (see equation (18) above) and the models of the power conditioners PCS PVi and PCS _Bk (see FIGS. 3 and 4) _{relate to the first embodiment.} It was the same as the one at the time of simulation.

14 to 16 show the results when the simulation was performed under a plurality of conditions using the solar power generation system PVS2 of the model shown above.

Case 1, all five of the power conditioner PCS _PV1 ~PCS _PV5 the same conditions, a case where all five of the power conditioner PCS _B1 ~PCS _B5 are the same conditions was simulated. Let the simulation be simulation 2-1. In the simulation 2-1, all five of the power conditioner PCS _PV1 ~PCS _PV5 is rated output P _PVi ^lmt is 500 [kW], the weights w _PVi about active power suppression 1.0, the amount of power generated by solar cell SP _i P _i ^SP has to be 600 [kW]. In addition, all five power conditioners PCS _{B1 to PCS B5} have a rated output P _PVi ^lmt of 500 [kW] and a weight w _PVi related to active power suppression of 1.0. It is assumed that the maximum capacities S ₁ ^{max to} S ₅ ^max of the storage batteries B _{1 to} B ₅ are all 500 [kWh]. Then, the output command value P ^C from the electric power company is assumed to be 1500 [kW] when there is no command when 0 ≦ t <60 [s] and when 60 ≦ t [s]. When "there is no command of the output command value P ^C ", the numerical value -1 indicating that there is no command is used as the ^{output command value P C as described above.} In addition, the gradient coefficient ε is 0.05, the suppression index pr _PV and charge / discharge index pr _B performed by the centralized control device MC2 are updated, and the individual target powers P _PVi ^ref and P _Bk ^ref _{performed by each power conditioner PCS PVi} and PCS _Bk. Each sampling time with the update of was set to 1 [s]. Further, it _{was assumed that all the power conditioners PCS PVi} and PCS _Bk were operated at a power factor of 1 (reactive power target value = 0 [kvar]). FIG. 14 shows the simulation results in simulation 2-1.

FIG. 14 (a) shows a power generation amount P _i ^SP solar cell SP _i. FIG. 14B shows the individual target power P _PVi ^ref of each power conditioner PCS _PVi. FIG. 14C shows the individual output power P _PVi ^out of each power conditioner PCS _PVi. FIG. 14 (d) shows the linking point power P (t) output command value from the (solid line) and electric power company P ^C (dashed line). _{FIG. 14E} shows the individual target power P ^{Bk ref} of each power conditioner PCS _Bk. FIG. 14 (f) shows the individual output power P _Bk ^out of _{each power conditioner PCS Bk.} FIG. 14 (g) shows the suppression index pr _PV and the charge / discharge index pr _B calculated by the index calculation unit 43.

The following can be confirmed from FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 14 (b) and FIG. 14 (c), the even after the command output command value ^{P C (60 ≦ t [s} ]), the individual target power P _PV1 ^ref ~P _PV5 ^ref It remains at 500 [kW], and it can be confirmed that _{the individual output powers P PV1} ^{out to} P _PV5 ^{out are not suppressed.} Further, as shown in FIGS. 14 (e) and 14 (f), the individual output powers P _B1 ^{out to} P _B5 ^{out of} _{each power conditioner PCS Bk} transition from 0 [kW] to negative (minus). It can be confirmed that there is. This indicates that electric power is input to the power conditioner PCS _Bk, and the electric power input to each power conditioner PCS _Bk is used to charge the storage battery B _k. Further, as shown in FIG. 14 (d), the interconnection point power P (t) can also be confirmed that it matches the output command value P ^C. Thus, solar systems PVS2, when the output command value P ^C from the power company is commanded not suppress individual output power P _PVi ^out of the power conditioner PCS _PVi, is used to charge the battery B _k Can be confirmed.

Case 2, the five power conditioner PCS _B1 ~PCS maximum capacity of the storage battery B _5, which is connected to one of the power conditioner PCS _B5 of _B5 S ₅ ^max other power conditioner PCS _B1 ~PCS _B4 A case different from that of the connected storage batteries B _{1 to} B _{4 was simulated.} Let the simulation be simulation 2-2. In the simulation 2-2 was the maximum capacity S ₅ ^max storage battery B ₅ connected to a single power conditioner PCS _B5 and 3 [kWh]. Other conditions were the same as in Simulation 2-1. FIG. 15 shows the simulation results in simulation 2-2. In FIG. 15, FIGS. 15 (a) to 15 (g) are views corresponding to FIGS. 14 (a) to 14 (g) in the simulation 2-1.

The following can be confirmed from FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 15 (a) ~ (c) , similarly to the simulation 2-1, even after a command output command value ^{P C (60 ≦ t [s} ]), the individual target power P _It can be confirmed that ^{PV1 ref to} P _PV5 ^{ref are not suppressed.} Further, as shown in FIGS. 15 (e) and 15 (f), the individual output powers P _B1 ^{out to} P _B5 ^out _{of the power conditioners PCS B1 to PCS B5} change from 0 [kW] to negative (minus). It can be confirmed that the transition has occurred. Therefore, similarly to the simulation 2-1 above, each of the power conditioners PCS _{B1 to PCS B5} charges _{the storage battery B k} using the input electric power. Further, as shown in FIGS. 15 (e) and 15 (f), when 110 ≦ t [s], the individual output power P _B5 ^out _{of the power conditioner PCS B5} becomes 0 (zero), and the other power conditioners PCS _B1 individual output power P _B1 ^out ~P _B4 ^out of ～PCS _B4 is further decreased (the input power is increasing). This is because the maximum capacity S ₅ ^max of the storage battery B ₅ is 3 [kWh], which is _{lower than that of the other storage batteries B 1 to} B ₄ , so that t = 110 [s], and the storage battery B ₅ is the other storage battery B ₁ to B 1 to. before the B ₄ represents that the charging is completed. Thus, since the charging of the battery B ₅ is completed, it stops the input power to the power conditioner PCS _B5, represents that it stops charging. Then, the power due to distribute conditioner PCS _B5 minute power which has been input to the other of the power conditioner PCS _B1 ~PCS _B4, other power conditioner PCS _B1 ~PCS _B4 individual output power P _B1 ^out to P _B4 ^out is further reduced (power input is increasing). Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 15 (d), the with the charge stop the battery B _5, and temporarily linking point power P (t) becomes greater than the output command value P ^C. However, in the steady state, interconnection point power P (t) can also be confirmed that it matches the output command value P ^C. Therefore, it can be said that the photovoltaic power generation system PVS2 operates appropriately in consideration of the performance of _{each storage battery B k.}

Case 3, the weight w _B5 is set to the other of the power conditioner PCS _B1 ~PCS _B4 relates active power is set to one of the power conditioner PCS _B5 of five power conditioner PCS _B1 ~PCS _B5 A different case was simulated. Let the simulation be simulation 2-3. In simulation 2-3, the _{weight w B5} regarding the active power of the _{one power conditioner PCS B5} was set to 2.0. That is, it means that the charge amount is halved as compared with that of other power conditioners PCS _{B1 to PCS B4.} Other conditions were the same as in Simulation 2-1. FIG. 16 shows the simulation results in Simulation 2-3. In FIG. 16, FIGS. 16 (a) to 16 (g) are views corresponding to FIGS. 14 (a) to 14 (g) in the simulation 2-1.

The following can be confirmed from FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 16 (a) ~ (c) , similarly to the simulation 2-1, even after a command output command value ^{P C (60 ≦ t [s} ]), the individual target power P _It can be confirmed that ^{PV1 ref to} P _PV5 ^{ref are not suppressed.} Further, from FIG. 15 (e) and FIG. 15 (f), the individual output power P _B1 ^out ~P _B5 ^out of the power conditioner PCS _B1 ~PCS _B5 has a transition from 0 [kW] negative (minus) Can be confirmed. Therefore, similarly to the simulation 2-1 above, each of the power conditioners PCS _{B1 to PCS B5} charges _{the storage battery B k} using the input electric power. Further, as shown in FIGS. 16 (e) and 16 (f), the charge amount ( _{input power to the power conditioner PCS B5} ) of the power conditioner PCS _{B5 having different weights w B5} regarding the active power is the other power. It can be confirmed that the _{conditioners are half of PCS B1 to PCS B4.} Then, as shown in FIG. 16 (d), the interconnection point power P (t) can also be confirmed that it matches the output command value P ^C in the steady state. Therefore, it can be said that the photovoltaic power generation system PVS2 is operating appropriately in consideration _{of the weight w Bk} regarding the active power set in the _{power conditioner PCS Bk.}

The following can be confirmed by comparing FIGS. 14 to 16 in addition to the results for each of FIGS. 14 to 16. That is, as shown in each figure (g), suppression indicators pr _PV and charge-discharge index pr _B is, in each power conditioner _{PCS PV1 ~PCS PV5, PCS B1 ~PCS} B5, power generation amount P of the solar cell SP _i Different values are calculated based on _i ^SP , performance of storage battery B _k , rated output P _PVi ^lmt , P _Bk ^lmt _{, weight w PVi} related to active power suppression, _{weight w Bk} related to active power, and output command value P ^C. It can be confirmed that Then, as shown in (b) and (e) of each figure, the individual target powers P _PVi ^ref and P _Bk ^ref are updated _{according to the update of the suppression index pr PV} and the charge / discharge index pr _B. You can check it. Each power conditioner _{PCS PV1 ~PCS PV5, PCS B1 ~PCS} B5 , the individual target power P _PVi ^ref, depending on the P _Bk ^ref, and controls the individual output power P _PVi ^out, P _Bk ^out. Therefore, as shown in each figure (d), it can be confirmed that the interconnection point power P (t) coincides with the output command value P ^C. _{From the above, it can be said that the suppression index pr PV} and the charge / discharge index pr _B calculated by the centralized control device MC2 using the above equations (21) and (22) are appropriate values.

From the results of the above simulations 2-1 to 2-3, in the photovoltaic power generation system PVS2, each power conditioner PCS _PVi is distributed and individually targeted power based on the _{suppression index pr PV} received from the centralized management device MC2. The P _PVi ^ref is calculated. Further, each power conditioner PCS _Bk calculates the individual target power P _Bk ^ref in a distributed manner based on the charge / discharge index pr _{B received from the centralized management device MC2.} Therefore, the above target 2-1 has been achieved. Each power conditioner PCS _PVi are individual target power P _PVi ^out not suppress as much as possible, the amount of interconnection point power P (t) exceeds the output command value P ^C, the power conditioner PCS enter to _Bk, it is available to charge the battery B _k. Therefore, the above-mentioned Goal 2-2 and the above-mentioned Goal 2-3 have been achieved. Furthermore, interconnection point power P (t) coincides with the output command value P ^C. Therefore, the above goals 2-4 have been achieved. Then, the individual output powers P _PVi ^out and P _Bk ^out are changed for each power conditioner PCS _PVi and PCS _{Bk according to various conditions.} That is, the output suppression amount changes for each of the power conditioners PCS _PVi and PCS _{Bk according to various conditions.} Therefore, the above target 2-5 has been achieved. From the above, it can be seen that the photovoltaic power generation system PVS2 has achieved the above five goals.

As described above, in the photovoltaic power generation system PVS2 according to the second embodiment, the central control device MC2 is suppressed index pr from the output command value P ^C and detected interconnection point power P from the power company (t) Calculate _PV and charge / discharge index pr _B. Then, the suppression index pr _PV is transmitted to each power conditioner PCS _PVi , and the charge / discharge index pr _B is transmitted to each power conditioner PCS _Bk. Further, each power conditioner PCS _PVi calculates the _{individual target power P PVi} ^ref by solving the optimization problem of the above equation (19) in a distributed manner based on the received suppression index pr _PV. Then, the individual output power P _PVi ^out is controlled by the individual target power P _PVi ^ref. Further, each power conditioner PCS _Bk calculates the _{individual target power P Bk} ^ref by solving the optimization problem of the above equation (20) in a distributed manner based on the received charge / discharge index pr _B. Then, the individual output power P _Bk ^out is controlled to the individual target power P _Bk ^ref. As a result, the centralized management device MC2 can perform only the simple calculations shown in the above equations (21) and (22). Therefore, in the photovoltaic power generation system PVS2, the processing load of the centralized management device MC2 can be reduced. In addition, each power conditioner PCS _PVi and PCS _Bk calculate the individual target power P _PVi ^ref and P _Bk ^ref in a distributed manner based on the suppression index pr _PV and the charge / discharge index pr _B , respectively, and the individual output power P _PVi ^out , Even _{when controlling P Bk} ^out , the interconnection point power P (t) can be matched with ^{the output command value P C from the power company.}

In the first embodiment, the weight w _i related to active power suppression is taken into consideration, and in the second embodiment, the weight w _PVi related to active power suppression and the weight w _Bk related to active power are taken into consideration. However, it is not limited to this. For example, in the first embodiment, if it is not necessary to consider the target 1-3 "enable the output suppression amount to be adjusted for each _{power conditioner PCS i} ", it is set for each _{power conditioner PCS i. The weights w i} related to the above active power suppression may all have the same value (for example, “1”). Similarly, in the second embodiment, if it is not necessary to consider the target 2-5 "to enable the output suppression amount to be adjusted for each _{power conditioner PCS PVi} and PCS _{Bk", the power conditioner PCS PVi,} may be weight w _PVi and active power of all the same value of the weight w _Bk relates about the effective power restriction set for each PCS _Bk (e.g. "1").

In the second embodiment, the case where the target power calculation unit _{12'calculates} the individual target power P ^{PVi ref} _{using the priority parameter Pφ i} as in the above equation (19) has been described as an example. As in the above equation (8) in the first embodiment, the rated output P _PVi ^lmt may be used. In this case, whether to prioritize the suppression of the individual output power P _PVi ^out or the charge / discharge of the _{storage battery B k (individual output power P Bk} ^out ) is the weight related to the active power suppression w The weight related to _PVi and the active power. It can be adjusted with _{w Bk.}

In the second embodiment, the optimization problem solved by the target power calculation unit 12'is not limited to the above equation (19). For example, the following equation (19') may be used instead of the above equation (19). The following equation (19') has an additional output current constraint of _{each power conditioner PCS PVi} shown in the following equation (19c') as compared with the above equation (19). In the following (19 ') equation, Q _PVi the reactive power of the power conditioner PCS _PVi, S _PVi ^d is printable maximum apparent power of the power conditioner PCS _PVi, V ₀ is the interconnection at the time of design The reference voltage of the point, V _PVi , indicates the voltage of the interconnection point in each power conditioner PCS _PVi. Further, in the following equation (19') _{, instead of the output current constraint of each power conditioner PCS PVi} shown in the following equation (19c'), the rated capacity constraint of the _{power conditioner PCS PVi} shown in the following equation (19d') is applied. You may use it.

In the second embodiment, the optimization problem solved by the target power calculation unit 32 is not limited to the above equation (20). For example, the following equation (20') may be used instead of the above equation (20). _{In the following equation (20'), a weight w SOCk} corresponding to the SOC of the _{storage battery B k} is added in the evaluation function shown in the following (20a') as compared with the above equation (20). This weight w _SOCk is calculated by the following equation (32). The In (32), A _SOC's w _SOCK offset, K _SOC is the weight w _SOCK gain, s is the weight w _SOCK ON / OFF switch (e.g., 1 When on, the off-0), SOC _k Indicates the SOC of the current storage battery B _k , and SOC _d indicates the reference SOC. _{Further, the C rate constraint of the storage battery B k} shown in the following equation (20c') and the output current constraint of _{each power conditioner PCS Bk} shown in the following equation (20e') are added to the constraint conditions. The C rate is a relative ratio of the charging time or the time of the discharge current to the total capacitance of the storage battery B _k, obtained by the 1C when to charge or discharge the total capacitance of the storage battery B _k at 1 hour is there. In the present embodiment, the C rate on the charging side is set to the charging rate C _rate ^M , the C rate on the discharging side is set to the discharging rate C _rate ^P, and predetermined values (for example, both 0.3C) are set in advance. .. In the following equation (20'), P _SMk ^lmt is the rated output of the storage battery B _{k obtained by −C rate} ^M × WH _S ^lmt (WH _S ^lmt is the rated output capacity of the storage battery B _k ), and P _SPk ^lmt is The discharge rated output of the storage battery B _k obtained by C _rate ^P × WH _S ^lmt _{, Q Bk} is the ineffective power of each power conditioner PCS _{Bk , and S Bk} ^d is the maximum apparent power that can be output by each power conditioner PCS _Bk. V _Bk indicates the voltage at the interconnection point in each power conditioner PCS _Bk. Further, in the charge rated output _PSMk ^lmt of the storage battery B _k , the storage battery charge amount correction according to the SOC shown in the following equation (33) is taken into consideration, with the correction start SOC as SOC _{C and the SOC charge limit threshold value as cMAX.} .. The storage battery charge amount correction is performed as usual until the correction start SOC, and the output is linearly corrected so that the output becomes 0 at the SOC upper limit from the correction start SOC to the SOC upper limit. There is. Further, in the following equation (20') _{, instead of the output current constraint of each power conditioner PCS Bk} shown in the following (20e'), the rated capacity constraint of _{each power conditioner PCS Bk} shown in the following equation (20f') is set. You may use it.

In the photovoltaic power generation system according to another embodiment described below, when the target power calculation unit _{12'calculates} ^{the individual target power P PVi ref} , the above formula (19) or the above formula (19') Any of these optimization problems may be used. Similarly, the target power calculation unit 32 may use either the optimization problem of the above equation (20) or the above equation (20') when calculating the _{individual target power P Bk} ^ref.

In the second embodiment, _{the solar power generation system PVS2 in which a plurality of power conditioners PCS PVi} and PCS _Bk are connected to the interconnection point has been described as an example, but a power load may be further connected. The electric power load consumes the supplied electric power, and is, for example, a factory or a general household. Such other embodiments will be described below with reference to FIGS. 17-20. In the following description, the same or similar components as those in the first embodiment and the second embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

17 and 18 show the photovoltaic power generation system PVS3 according to the third embodiment. FIG. 17 shows the overall configuration of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS3. FIG. 18 shows the functional configuration of the control system that controls the electric power at the interconnection point in the photovoltaic power generation system PVS3 shown in FIG. The photovoltaic power generation system PVS3 includes a plurality of power conditioner PCS _PVi and a plurality of power conditioner PCS _Bk , but in FIG. 18, only the first one is shown. As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the photovoltaic power generation system PVS3 is different from the photovoltaic power generation system PVS2 according to the second embodiment in that a power load L is added. The power load L is connected to the interconnection point, and power is supplied from _{the power system A, each power conditioner PCS PVi} , and each power conditioner PCS _Bk. In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the total ΣP _PVi ^out of the individual output power P _PVi ^out (power generation amount P _i ^SP of the solar cell SP _{i ) of each power conditioner PCS PVi} exceeds the power consumption of the power load L. .. Then, it is assumed that a part or all of the surplus power not consumed by the power load L is reverse power flow to the power system A. Excess power is the difference between the individual output power P _PVi ^out of total .SIGMA.P _PVi ^out and the power consumption.

In such a solar power generation system PVS3, when to reverse power flow surplus power, it is necessary to prevent this excess power does not exceed the output command value P ^C from the power company. In the photovoltaic power generation system PVS3, the surplus power flowing backward can be regarded as the interconnection point power P (t) detected by the interconnection point power detection unit 22. Therefore, the photovoltaic power generation system PVS3 performs _{the interconnection point power suppression control using the suppression index pr PV} and the charge / discharge index pr _B as in the second embodiment, thereby performing the interconnection point power P (t). is the target power (output command value P ^C) a.

According to the solar power generation system PVS3 according to the present embodiment, the central control device MC3, based on the output command value P ^C and linking point power P from the power company (t), suppression indicators pr _PV and charge-discharge index The pr _B is calculated. At this time, the centralized management device MC3 calculates the _{suppression index pr PV} and the charge / discharge index pr _B using the above equations (21) and (22). Then, each power conditioner PCS _PVi calculates the _{individual target power P PVi} ^ref in a distributed manner based on the suppression index pr _PV. Further, each power conditioner PCS _Bk calculates the _{individual target power P Bk} ^ref in a distributed manner based on the charge / discharge index pr _B. As a result, the processing load of the centralized management device MC3 can be reduced. Furthermore, interconnection point power P (t), i.e., it is possible to control the surplus power to be backward flow to the power grid A to the output command value P ^C. Therefore, the surplus power to be backward flow to the electric power system A can not exceed the output command value P ^C from the power company.

In the third embodiment, the case where the power load L is added to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS2 according to the second embodiment has been described as an example, but the power is supplied to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 according to the first embodiment. Even when the load L is added, the interconnection point power suppression control can be performed by using the suppression index pr. Again, while the linking point power P (t) to the target power (output command value P ^C), it is possible to reduce the processing load of the central control device MC1.

FIG. 19 shows the photovoltaic power generation system PVS4 according to the fourth embodiment. The photovoltaic power generation system PVS4 includes a plurality of power conditioners PCS _PVi and PCS _Bk , but in FIG. 19, only the first unit is shown as in FIG. Further, the overall configuration of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS4 is substantially the same as that of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS3 (see FIG. 17) according to the third embodiment. In the above-described third embodiment, the individual output power P _PVi ^out of the power conditioner PCS _PVi (power generation amount P _i ^SP solar cell SP _i) is assumed to be greater than than the power consumption of the power load L, In the fourth embodiment, it is assumed that the total ΣP _PVi ^out of the individual output power P _PVi ^out (power generation amount P _i ^SP of the solar cell SP _{i ) of each power conditioner PCS PVi} is less than the power consumption of the power load L. To do. That is, it is assumed that a part or all of the insufficient power that is insufficient in the power generation amount P _i ^SP of the solar cell SP _{i is supplied from the power system A.} Insufficient power is the difference between the individual output power P _PVi ^out of total .SIGMA.P _PVi ^out and the power consumption.

In such a photovoltaic power generation system PVS4, in order to supply the insufficient power from the power system A, it is necessary to buy (purchase) power from the power company. Then, the electricity bill is paid to the electric power company for the amount of electricity purchased. Electricity charges include basic charges and pay-as-you-go charges. The basic charge is determined by the maximum value (peak value) of, for example, the amount of electricity used every 30 minutes recorded by the electricity meter provided at the interconnection point. Specifically, when the peak value of electricity usage is high, the basic charge is high, and when the peak value of electricity usage is low, the basic charge is low. Therefore, in the photovoltaic power generation system PVS4 according to the fourth embodiment, the power conditioners PCS _PVi and PCS _{Bk are distributedly controlled by using the suppression index pr PV} and the charge / discharge index pr _B to control the power system A from the power system A. Suppress the peak value of the supplied power (purchased power). This is called "peak cut control". The purchased electric power is the magnitude of the electric power supplied from the electric power system A to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS4, that is, the electric power obtained (purchased) from the photovoltaic power generation system A by the photovoltaic power generation system PVS4. As described above, the interconnection point power P (t) has a positive value when it is output from the photovoltaic power generation system PVS4 to the power system A (in the case of reverse power flow). Therefore, when the power system A inputs the power to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS4, the interconnection point power P (t) becomes a negative value. In the case of peak cut control for controlling the power purchase power, the target value is set as a negative value, and the interconnection point power P (t) is controlled so as not to fall below the target value.

The photovoltaic power generation system PVS4 controls the individual output power P _PVi ^out _{of each power conditioner PCS PVi in} the peak cut control, and outputs all the power generated by the solar cell SP _i. In addition, the individual output power P _Bk ^out of each power conditioner PCS _Bk is controlled, and the power stored in the _{storage battery B k is discharged as needed.} In this way, by supplementing a part of the power consumption of the power load L with the power _{generated by the solar cell SP i} and the power _{stored in the storage battery B k} , the increase in the purchased power is suppressed. .. In order to perform this peak cut control, as shown in FIG. 19, the centralized management device MC4 differs from the centralized management device MC2 according to the second embodiment in the following points. That is, the centralized management device MC4 includes a peak cut setting unit 45 instead of the output command value acquisition unit 21, and also includes an index calculation unit 43'instead of the index calculation unit 43.

The peak cut setting unit 45 makes various settings for peak cut control. In the present embodiment, the peak cut setting unit 45 sets the peak cut target power P _cut with the upper limit value as a negative value based on the upper limit value of the power purchase power. This peak cut target power P _cut is a target value of the interconnection point power P (t) and is a negative value. The peak cut target power P _cut is arbitrarily set by the user. The peak cut setting unit 45 outputs the set peak cut target power P _cut to the index calculation unit 43'.

Index calculating unit 43 'uses the second compared to the index calculation unit 43 according to the embodiment, the peak-cut target power P _cut inputted from the peak cut setting unit 45 instead of the output command value P ^C, The suppression index pr _PV and the charge / discharge index pr _B are calculated. That is, in the present embodiment, the index calculation unit 43'calculates the suppression index pr _PV and the charge / discharge index pr _{B for} setting the interconnection point power P (t) to the peak cut target power P _cut. In this case, index calculating section 43 'uses the peak cut target power P _cut instead of the above (21) the output command value in the equation P ^C (t), calculates the Lagrange multiplier lambda. Then, the Lagrange multiplier λ calculated by the above equation (22) is calculated as the charge / discharge index pr _B. Note that the suppression indicators pr _PV, electric power generated by the solar cell SP _i from the power conditioner PCS _PVi is so is output every fixed value "0" is used. Therefore, it can be said that the index calculation unit 43'calculates _{only the charge / discharge index pr B.} The index calculation unit 43'transmits the calculated suppression index pr _PV to each power conditioner PCS _PVi via the transmission unit 44. Further, the calculated charge / discharge index pr _B is transmitted to each power conditioner PCS _Bk via the transmission unit 44.

In the photovoltaic power generation system PVS4 configured in this way, the centralized management device MC4 monitors the interconnection point power P (t) detected by the interconnection point power detection unit 22. Then, when the interconnection point power P (t) becomes _{equal to or less than the peak cut target power P cut} , the index calculation unit 43'suppresses the interconnection point power P (t) to be the peak cut target power P _cut. The index pr _PV (= 0) and the charge / discharge index pr _B are calculated. Each power conditioner PCS _{PVi calculates an individual target power P PVi} ^ref based on an optimization problem using the _{suppression index pr PV} calculated by the centralized control device MC4, and the individual output power P _PVi ^out is the individual target power. It is controlled to be P _PVi ^ref. Further, each power conditioner PCS _{Bk calculates the individual target power P Bk} ^ref based on the optimization problem using the _{charge / discharge index pr B} calculated by the centralized management device MC4, and sets the individual output power P _Bk ^out . Control to individual target power P _Bk ^ref. As a result, when the interconnection point power P (t) is equal to or less than the _{peak cut target power P cut} , all the power generated by _{the solar cell SP i} is output, and the power stored in the _{storage battery B k is discharged.} Will be done. As a result, the interconnection point power P (t) rises, and the interconnection point power P (t) becomes the peak cut target power P _cut . Therefore, the photovoltaic power generation system PVS4 suppresses the peak value by suppressing the interconnection point power P (t) from _{becoming equal to or less than the peak cut target power P cut.}

When the interconnection point power P (t) is equal to or less than the _{set peak cut target power P cut} , the centralized management device MC4 controls the _{peak cut target power P cut.} Therefore, depending on the detection interval of the interconnection point power P (t) and the calculation interval of the suppression index pr _PV and the charge / discharge index pr _B , the peak cut target power P _cut or less is instantaneously obtained. Therefore, when setting the upper limit value of the purchased power, it is preferable to set a value smaller than the upper limit value desired by the user by a predetermined amount. As a result, the peak cut target power P _cut is set to a value larger than the actual target value, so that even if the interconnection point power P (t) drops instantaneously, it will be less than or equal to the _{peak cut target power P cut.} It can be suppressed.

From the above, according to the solar power generation system PVS4 according to the present embodiment, as the target power of the interconnection point power P (t), peak cut set by the peak cut setting unit 45 instead of the output command value P ^C Even when the target power P _cut is used, the interconnection point power P (t) can be set to the target power (peak cut target power P _cut ). Further, the processing load of the centralized management device MC4 can be reduced by _{obtaining the} individual target powers P ^{PVi ref} and P _Bk ^ref in a distributed manner by each power conditioner PCS _PVi and PCS _Bk.

In the fourth embodiment, since the discharge of _{the storage battery B k} is prioritized during the peak cut control, the electric power stored in the _{storage battery B k is reduced.} Therefore, when a predetermined charging condition is satisfied, a part of the electric power supplied from the electric power system A may be used to charge _{the storage battery B k.} Examples of such a charging condition include a case where the interconnection point power P (t) is _{larger than the peak cut target power P cut} by a threshold value or more. By doing so, the storage battery B _k can be charged in preparation for the next peak cut control.

In such charge control of the storage battery B _k , the presence / absence of charging and the charging speed may be changed at predetermined time zones. For example, the charging mode can be set for each predetermined time zone. Then, the charging of the storage battery B _k is controlled according to the charging mode. Such charging modes include, for example, a non-charging mode, a normal charging mode, and a low-speed charging mode. The no-charge mode is a mode in which charging is not performed. The normal charging mode is a mode for charging at a predetermined charging speed (normal speed). The low-speed charging mode is a mode for charging at a predetermined speed (low speed) slower than the normal speed. The charging mode is not limited to these. The user can set the charging mode by the user interface of the centralized management device MC4 or the like, and the peak cut setting unit 45 sets the charging mode according to the operation instruction of the user. The above-mentioned predetermined time zone is a predetermined period in which one day is divided into a plurality of times. For example, when the day is divided into a plurality of time zones, it can be set for each of 24 time zones and divided into every 30 minutes. In the case, it can be set for each of 48 time zones. In addition, it may be divided into time zones such as morning, noon, evening, evening, and midnight. Further, a predetermined time zone may be provided not on a daily basis but on a weekly basis.

Specifically, the centralized management device MC4 transmits the charging mode setting information set by the peak cut setting unit 45 to each of the power conditioner PCS _Bk via the transmission unit 44. Then, each power conditioner PCS _{Bk that receives the power conditioner PCS Bk via the receiving unit 31 uses the charging rate C rate} ^M associated with the set charging mode to store the storage battery B shown in the above equation (20c'). Change the C rate constraint of _{k (charge rated output PSMk} ^lmt ). For example, the charge rate C _rate ^M for the normal charge mode is set to 0.3, the charge rate C _rate ^M for the low speed charge mode is set to 0.1, and the charge rate C _rate ^M for the no charge mode is set to 0. .. Then, each power conditioner PCS _{Bk obtains an individual target power P Bk} ^ref based on the optimization problem shown in the above equation (20'), and thus whether or not the _{storage battery B k} is charged according to the setting of the charging mode. And the charging speed can be changed. The charging speed may be changed so _{that the storage battery B k} is fully charged in the time zone in which the low-speed charging mode is continuously set. For example, when the "low-speed charging mode" is continuously set from midnight to 6:00 am, the charging speed is set so _{that the storage battery B k is fully charged over 6 hours.} Specifically, the charge rate C _rate ^{M is set} to 1/6 (≈0.167). However, it is desirable not to exceed the normal speed. By doing so, it is possible to appropriately _{change whether or not the storage battery B k} is charged and the charging speed according to the charging mode. Therefore, when the power unit price of the above-mentioned pay-as-you-go rate (of power purchase) changes depending on the time zone, for example, the power purchase is increased during the time when the power unit price is low, and the power purchase is performed during the time when the power unit price is high. The power can be reduced.

In the fourth embodiment, the case where a plurality of power conditioners PCS _{PVi to which the solar cell SP i} is connected is provided as an example has been described, but these may not be provided. That is, it may be composed of a plurality of power conditioner PCS _{Bk to which the storage battery B k} is connected, the power load L, and the centralized management device MC4.

FIG. 20 shows the photovoltaic power generation system PVS5 according to the fifth embodiment. The photovoltaic power generation system PVS5 includes a plurality of power conditioners PCS _PVi and PCS _Bk , but in FIG. 20, only the first unit is shown as in FIG. Further, the overall configuration of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS5 is substantially the same as that of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS3 (see FIG. 17) according to the third embodiment. In the third embodiment, it was possible to reverse power flow, but in the fifth embodiment, reverse power flow is prohibited.

In the photovoltaic power generation system PVS5 in which reverse power flow is prohibited, it is necessary to provide an RPR (reverse power relay) 51 at the interconnection point to the power system A. This RPR51 is a kind of relay. When the RPR51 detects that reverse power flow has occurred in the power system A from the photovoltaic power generation system PVS5, the RPR51 shuts off the photovoltaic power generation system PVS5 from the power system A. Once blocked, it takes time to recover because it is necessary to call a specialized contractor. For example, when the power load L is low due to a factory suspension day or the like, the power consumption of the power load L decreases. Therefore, when the weather is fine on the day when the factory is closed, the power generation amount P _i ^SP _{of the solar cell SP i} may exceed the power consumption of the power load L, and at this time, reverse power flow occurs. Therefore, in the photovoltaic power generation system PVS5 according to the fifth embodiment, the power conditioners PCS _PVi and PCS _{Bk are distributedly controlled by using the suppression index pr PV} and the charge / discharge index pr _B to generate reverse power flow. Suppress. This is called "reverse power flow avoidance control". When the interconnection point power P (t) is a positive value, reverse power flow is generated. Therefore, in order to suppress the occurrence of reverse power flow, the interconnection point power P (t) is a positive value. The negative value should be maintained so that it does not become.

The photovoltaic power generation system PVS5 suppresses the individual output power P _PVi ^out _{of each power conditioner PCS PVi in reverse power flow avoidance control.} Further, to charge the battery B _k controls the individual output power P _Bk ^out of the power conditioner PCS _Bk. In this way, electric power is constantly supplied from the electric power system A to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS5. Therefore, the interconnection point power P (t) is maintained at a negative value so that it does not become a positive value. As a result, the occurrence of reverse power flow is suppressed. In order to perform this reverse power flow avoidance control, as shown in FIG. 20, the centralized management device MC5 differs from the centralized management device MC2 according to the second embodiment in the following points. That is, the centralized management device MC5 includes a reverse power flow avoidance setting unit 46 instead of the output command value acquisition unit 21, and also includes an index calculation unit 43 ”instead of the index calculation unit 43.

The reverse power flow avoidance setting unit 46 makes various settings for reverse power flow avoidance control. In the present embodiment, the reverse power flow avoidance setting unit 46 sets the reverse power flow avoidance target power P _RPR for suppressing the occurrence of reverse power flow. This reverse power flow avoidance target power P _RPR is a target value of the interconnection point power P (t) and is a negative value. The reverse power flow avoidance target power P _RPR is arbitrarily set by the user. The reverse power flow avoidance setting unit 46 outputs the set reverse power flow avoidance target power P _RPR to the index calculation unit 43 ”.

The index calculation unit 43 ”calculates the suppression index pr _PV and the charge / discharge index pr _{B for} setting the interconnection point power P (t) to the reverse power flow avoidance target power P _RPR . That is, in the present embodiment, the index calculator 43 ', as compared with the index calculation unit 43 according to the second embodiment, by using the backward flow around the target power P _RPR inputted from the reverse flow prevention settings unit 46 instead of the output command value P ^C , Suppression index pr _PV and charge / discharge index pr _B are calculated. Specifically, the index calculator 43 ", the above (21) using the backward flow around the target power P _RPR instead of the output command value P ^C (t) in the equation to calculate the Lagrange multiplier lambda. Then, the The calculated Lagrange multiplier λ is calculated as the suppression index pr _PV and the charge / discharge index pr _{B according} to the equation (22). The index calculation unit 43 ” _{powers the calculated suppression index pr PV} via the transmission unit 44. Send to PCS _PVi. Further, the calculated charge / discharge index pr _B is transmitted to the power conditioner PCS _Bk via the transmission unit 44.

In the photovoltaic power generation system PVS5 configured in this way, the centralized management device MC5 monitors the interconnection point power P (t) detected by the interconnection point power detection unit 22. Then, when the interconnection point power P (t) becomes _{equal to or higher than the reverse power flow avoidance target power P RPR} , the index calculation unit 43 ”sets the interconnection point power P (t) to the reverse power flow avoidance target power P _RPR. to the calculated suppression indicators pr _PV and charge-discharge indicator pr _B. each power conditioner PCS _PVi, based on the optimization problem using suppression index pr _PV to the central control device MC5 has been calculated, the individual target power P _PVi ^{The ref} is calculated and the individual output power P _PVi ^out is controlled to the individual target power P _PVi ^ref . Each power conditioner PCS _Bk is optimized using the _{charge / discharge index pr B} calculated by the centralized management device MC5. Based on the problem, the individual target power P _Bk ^ref is calculated, and the individual output power P _Bk ^out is controlled to the individual target power P _Bk ^ref . By these, the interconnection point power P (t) is changed to the reverse power flow avoidance target power P. _It is controlled by RPR to suppress the generation of reverse power flow, that is, the operation of RPR 51 by reverse power flow is suppressed.

When the set value of the reverse power flow avoidance target power _PRPR is 0 (or close to 0), it depends on the detection interval of the interconnection point power P (t) and the calculation interval of the suppression index pr _PV and the charge / discharge index pr _B. When the interconnection point power P (t) rises instantaneously, the interconnection point power P (t) becomes a positive value, and reverse power flow may occur. Therefore, it is preferable that the set reverse power flow avoidance target power P _RPR is set to a value smaller than 0 by a predetermined amount. As a result, the reverse power flow avoidance target power P _RPR becomes smaller than 0, so that even if the interconnection point power P (t) rises instantaneously, it can be suppressed from exceeding 0. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of reverse power flow.

From the above, according to the solar power generation system PVS5 according to the present embodiment, as the target power of the interconnection point power P (t), the inverse of the reverse flow prevention settings unit 46 sets, instead of the output command value P ^C Even when the power flow avoidance target power _{PR PR} is used, the interconnection point power P (t) can be set to the target power (reverse power flow avoidance target power _{PR PR} ). Further, the processing load of the centralized management device MC4 can be reduced by _{obtaining the} individual target powers P ^{PVi ref} and P _Bk ^ref in a distributed manner by each power conditioner PCS _PVi and PCS _Bk.

In the fifth embodiment, since _{charging of the storage battery B k} is prioritized during reverse power flow avoidance control, electric power is stored in the storage battery B _{k. Therefore, the storage battery B k} may be discharged when a predetermined discharge condition is satisfied. Examples of such a discharge condition include a case where the interconnection point power P (t) is _{smaller than the reverse power flow avoidance target power P RPR} by a threshold value or more. _{By doing so, the storage battery B k} can be discharged in preparation for the next reverse power flow avoidance control.

In such discharge control of the storage battery B _k , whether or not to discharge may be changed at each predetermined time zone. For example, the discharge mode can be set for each of the predetermined time zones. Then, whether or not to discharge the _{storage battery B k} is controlled according to the discharge mode. Such a discharge mode includes, for example, a discharge mode and a discharge non-discharge mode. The discharge-existing mode is a mode in which discharge is performed. The no-discharge mode is a mode in which no discharge is performed. The discharge mode is not limited to these. The user can set the discharge mode by the user interface of the centralized management device MC5 or the like, and the reverse power flow avoidance setting unit 46 sets the discharge mode according to the operation instruction of the user. The predetermined time zone at this time may be the same as or different from the predetermined time zone in the peak cut control.

Specifically, the centralized management device MC5 transmits the discharge mode setting information set by the reverse power flow avoidance setting unit 46 to each of the power conditioner PCS _Bk via the transmission unit 44. Then, each power conditioner PCS _{Bk that receives the power conditioner PCS Bk via the receiving unit 31 uses the discharge rate C rate} ^P associated with the set discharge mode to store the storage battery B shown in the above equation (20c'). Change the C rate constraint of _{k (discharge rated output P SPk} ^lmt ). For example, 0.3 is the discharge rate C _rate ^P to the discharge chromatic mode, the discharge rate C _rate ^P to the discharge-free mode is set to 0, respectively. Then, whether the power conditioner PCS _Bk is the (20 ') on the basis of the optimization problem shown in equation by obtaining the individual target power P _Bk ^ref, discharging the storage battery B _k in accordance with the setting of the discharge mode Can be changed. By doing so, it is possible to appropriately change whether or not to discharge the _{storage battery B k according to the discharge mode.} Therefore, it is possible to store the electric power without discharging the storage battery B _{k as needed.}

In the above-described fifth embodiment, the case where a power conditioner PCS _Bk of multiple storage battery B _k are connected has been described as an example, it may not include them. That is, it may be composed of a plurality of power conditioners PCS _{PVi to which the solar cell SP i} is connected, a power load L, and a centralized management device MC5. In this case, when the photovoltaic power generation system PVS5 performs reverse power flow avoidance control, the reverse power flow for which the interconnection point power P (t) is set is only suppressed by suppressing the individual output power P _PVi ^out _{from the power conditioner PCS PVi.} The avoidance target power _{PR PR} is set.

In the third to fifth embodiments, the photovoltaic power generation systems PVS3, PVS4, and PVS5 in which the interconnection point power suppression control, the peak cut control, and the reverse power flow avoidance control are individually implemented have been described. It is also possible to combine various controls. In this case, the centralized management device may appropriately switch which control is performed. For example, it may be switched according to the user's operation, the situation (positive / negative of interconnection point power P (t) (whether or not reverse power flow is in progress), reverse power flow is prohibited, or power of power load L. It may be switched automatically according to the consumption history, working days, etc.).

In the first to fifth embodiments, the interconnection point power P (t) which interconnection point power detector 22 detects the target power (output command value P ^C, peak shaving target power P _cut or, , Reverse power flow avoidance target power _PRPR ) has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, instead of the interconnection point power P (t) detected by the interconnection point power detection unit 22, the centralized management device receives individual output powers P _i ^out _{from each of the power conditioners PCS i} , PCS _PVi , and PCS _Bk , respectively. P _PVi ^out, the P _Bk ^out to obtain the individual output power P _i ^out, obtained, P _PVi ^out, the sum of P _Bk ^out (hereinafter, referred to as "system total output".) is controlled to be the target power May be good. Such other embodiments will be described below with reference to FIGS. 21-25.

21 and 22 show the photovoltaic power generation system PVS6 according to the sixth embodiment. FIG. 21 shows the overall configuration of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS6. FIG. 22 shows the functional configuration of the control system that controls the total system output in the photovoltaic power generation system PVS6 shown in FIG. The photovoltaic power generation system PVS6 includes a plurality of power conditioners PCS _PVi and PCS _Bk , but in FIG. 22, only the first unit is shown as in FIG.

The photovoltaic power generation system PVS6 according to the sixth embodiment does not detect the interconnection point power P (t), and is the sum of all the individual output powers P _PVi ^out and P _Bk ^out _{of each power conditioner PCS PVi} and PCS _Bk. (System total output P _total (t)) is calculated, and control is performed so that the system total output P _total (t) becomes the output command value P ^C instructed by the electric power company. That is, in the present embodiment, the _total system output P total (t) is set as the adjustment target power, and the output command value P ^C is set as the target power of the _total system output P total (t). In this embodiment, the control performed by the photovoltaic power generation system PVS6 is referred to as "system total output suppression control".

As shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, the photovoltaic power generation system PVS6 differs from the photovoltaic power generation system PVS2 according to the second embodiment in the following points. That is, the centralized management device MC6 is not provided with the interconnection point power detection unit 22, and has a configuration for obtaining individual output powers P _PVi ^out and P _Bk ^out _{from the respective power conditioners PCS PVi} and PCS _{Bk, respectively.} There is. Specifically, each power conditioner PCS _PVi further includes an output power detection unit 14 and a transmission unit 15, and each power conditioner PCS _Bk further includes an output power detection unit 34 and a transmission unit 35, respectively. ing. Further, the centralized management device MC6 includes a receiving unit 61, a total output calculation unit 62, and an index calculation unit 63 instead of the interconnection point power detection unit 22 and the index calculation unit 43.

The output power detection unit 14 is provided in each power conditioner PCS _PVi , and detects the individual output power P _PVi ^{out of the own device.} The output power detection unit 34 is provided in each power conditioner PCS _Bk , and detects the individual output power P _Bk ^{out of the own device.}

The transmission unit 15 transmits the individual output power P _PVi ^out detected by the output power detection unit 14 to the centralized management device MC6. The transmission unit 35 transmits the individual output power P _Bk ^out detected by the output power detection unit 34 to the centralized management device MC6.

The receiving unit 61 receives the individual output powers P _PVi ^out and P _Bk ^out _{transmitted from the respective power conditioners PCS PVi} and PCS _Bk .

The total output calculation unit 62 calculates the system total output P _total (t), _{which is the sum of the individual output powers P PVi} ^out and P _Bk ^{out received by the reception unit 61.} In the present embodiment, the total output calculation unit 62 calculates the system total output P _total (t) by _{adding all the input individual output powers P PVi} ^out and P _Bk ^out.

Index calculating unit 63, the total output calculation section 62 calculates the systems total output P _total (t), calculates the suppression indicators pr _PV and charge-discharge indicator pr _B to the output command value P ^C. At this time, the index calculation unit 63 calculates the Lagrange multiplier λ by using the _{system total output P total} (t) instead of the interconnection point power P (t) in the above equation (21). Then, the calculated Lagrange multiplier λ is calculated as the suppression index pr _PV and the charge / discharge index pr _B by the above equation (22). The calculated suppression index pr _PV is transmitted to each power conditioner PCS _PVi via the transmission unit 44. Further, the calculated charge / discharge index pr _B is transmitted to each power conditioner PCS _Bk via the transmission unit 44, respectively.

_{According to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS6 according to the present embodiment, the total} system output P total (t) is used instead of the interconnection point power P (t) in the second embodiment as the power to be adjusted. also, it is possible to total system output P _total (t) to the target power (output command value P ^C). Further, since each power conditioner PCS _PVi and PCS _Bk obtain the individual target powers P _PVi ^ref and P _Bk ^ref in a distributed manner, the processing load of the centralized management device MC6 can be reduced.

In the above-described sixth embodiment, with respect to solar power generation system PVS2 according to the second embodiment, a case has been described for controlling the output command value P ^C total system output P _total (t) as an example, the first The same may be applied to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 according to the embodiment. That is, in the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1 according to the first embodiment, even when controlling system total output P _total (t) to the output command value P ^C in place of interconnection point power P (t), the suppression indicators pr It can be used to control the total output of the system. Again, while the system total output P _total (t) to the target power (output command value P ^C), it is possible to reduce the processing load of the central control device.

In the sixth embodiment, _{the photovoltaic power generation system PVS6 in which the power conditioners PCS PVi} and PCS _Bk are connected to the interconnection point has been described as an example, but similarly to the third to fifth embodiments, further , The power load L may be provided.

23 and 24 show the photovoltaic power generation system PVS7 according to the seventh embodiment. FIG. 23 shows the overall configuration of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS7. FIG. 24 shows the functional configuration of the control system that controls the total system output in the photovoltaic power generation system PVS7 shown in FIG. 23. The photovoltaic power generation system PVS7 includes a plurality of power conditioners PCS _PVi and PCS _Bk , but in FIG. 24, only the first unit is shown as in FIG.

As shown in FIGS. 23 and 24, the photovoltaic power generation system PVS7 is further different from the photovoltaic power generation system PVS6 according to the sixth embodiment in that the power load L is connected to the interconnection point. different. Even in such a case, the system total output suppression control using the suppression index pr _PV and the charge / discharge index pr _{B is performed based on the calculated system total output P total (t) as in the sixth embodiment.} be able to. Therefore, similarly to the sixth embodiment, the processing load of the centralized management device MC7 can be reduced while setting the _total system output P total (t) to the output command value P ^C.

In the seventh embodiment, the case where the power load L is added to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS6 according to the sixth embodiment has been described as an example, but the power load L has been described with respect to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS1. Add a, and, even in the solar power generation system that controls the output command value P ^C total system output P _total (t) instead of interconnection point power P (t), by using the suppression indicators pr, system Total output suppression control can be performed. Again, with the total system output P _total (t) to the target power (output command value P ^C), it is possible to reduce the processing load of the central control device.

FIG. 25 shows the photovoltaic power generation system PVS8 according to the eighth embodiment. The photovoltaic power generation system PVS8 includes a plurality of power conditioners PCS _PVi and PCS _Bk , but in FIG. 25, only the first unit is shown as in FIG. Further, the overall configuration of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS8 is substantially the same as that of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS7 according to the seventh embodiment. Photovoltaic system PVS8 according to the eighth embodiment, the plurality power conditioner PCS _PVi, the PCS _Bk, the plurality power conditioner PCS _PVi first power conditioner group G _PV and a plurality of a set of a case in which divided into two groups of the second power conditioner group G _B is the set of the power conditioner PCS _Bk will be described as an example.

Photovoltaic system PVS8 according to the eighth embodiment, in the above-described first power conditioner group G _PV and the second power conditioner group G _B, respectively set the target power, the first power conditioner group G _PV the total output power and the total output power of the second power conditioner group G _B in is controlled to respectively become the target power. This control is called "schedule control". The total output power of the first power conditioner group G _PV is the sum .SIGMA.P _PVi ^out individual output power P _PVi ^out of the power conditioner PCS _PVi, hereinafter referred to as the first group the total output P _GPV. The total output power of the second power conditioner group G _B is the sum .SIGMA.P _Bk ^out of individual output power P _Bk ^out of the power conditioner PCS _Bk, hereinafter referred to as the second group the total output P _GB.

As shown in FIG. 25, the photovoltaic power generation system PVS8 differs from the photovoltaic power generation system PVS7 according to the seventh embodiment in the following points in order to control the schedule. That is, in the centralized management device MC8, the schedule setting unit 64 is used instead of the output command value acquisition unit 21, the total output calculation unit 62'is used instead of the total output calculation unit 62, and the index calculation unit is used instead of the index calculation unit 63. It has a part 63'.

The schedule setting unit 64 makes various settings for schedule control. In the present embodiment, the schedule setting unit 64 has the _{target power P TPV of} the first group, which is the target value of the _{total output P GPV} of the first group, and the target power P of the second group, which is the target value of the _{total output P GB of the second group.} Set _TB. The first group target power P _TPV and the second group target power P _TB can be set for each of the predetermined time zones. These setting values are arbitrarily set by the user. The schedule setting unit 64 outputs various set values to the index calculation unit 63'.

The total output calculation unit _{62'calculates the} total output P GPV of the first group and the total output P _GB of the second group, respectively. Specifically, the total output calculation unit _62'adds the individual output power P _PVi ^out of the power conditioner PCS PVi received by the reception unit 61, and calculates the first group total output P _GPV. Further, the total output calculation unit _62'adds the individual output power P _Bk ^out of the power conditioner PCS Bk received by the reception unit 61, and calculates the second group total output P _GB.

_{The index calculation unit 63'calculates} the suppression index pr _PV for converting the first group total output P GPV calculated by the total output calculation unit _{62'to the first group target power P TPV} input from the schedule setting unit 64. To do. At this time, the index calculation unit 63'calculates the suppression index pr _PV using the following equation (34). In the following equation (34), λ _PV indicates the Lagrange multiplier for a plurality of power conditioner PCS _{PVi , and ε PV} indicates the gradient coefficient for a plurality of power conditioner PCS _PVi. Further, since the first group total output P _GPV and the first group target power P _TPV are values that change with time t, the first group total output is P _GPV (t) and the first group target power is P, respectively. It is described as _{TPV (t).} Thus, the index calculation unit 63 ', in the above-mentioned (9), the first group the total output P _GPV (t) instead of interconnection point power P (t), instead of the output command value P ^C (t) The Lagrange multiplier λ _PV is calculated using the first group target power P _{TPV (t).} Then, the calculated Lagrange multiplier λ _PV is used as the suppression index pr _PV . The index calculation unit 63'transmits the calculated suppression index pr _PV to each power conditioner PCS _PVi via the transmission unit 44.

The index calculation unit 63'sets a charge / discharge index pr _B for _{converting the total output P GB} of the second group calculated by the total output calculation unit 62'to the _{target power P TB} of the second group input from the schedule setting unit 64. calculate. At this time, the index calculation unit 63'calculates the charge / discharge index pr _B using the following equation (35). In the following equation (35), λ _B indicates a Lagrange multiplier for a plurality of power conditioner PCS _{Bk , and ε B} indicates a gradient coefficient for a plurality of power conditioner PCS _Bk. Further, since the total output of the second group P _GB and the target power P _TB of the second group are values that change with time t, the total output of the second group is P _GB (t) and the target power of the second group is P, respectively. It is described as _{TB (t).} Thus, the index calculation unit 63 ', in the above-mentioned (9), a second group total output P _GB (t) instead of interconnection point power P (t), instead of the output command value P ^C (t) The Lagrange multiplier λ _B is calculated using the second group target power P _{TB (t).} Then, the calculated Lagrange multiplier λ _B is used as the charge / discharge index pr _B. The index calculation unit 63'transmits the calculated charge / discharge index pr _B to each power conditioner PCS _Bk via the transmission unit 44.

In the photovoltaic power generation system PVS8 configured in this way, the centralized management device MC8 obtains the individual output power P _PVi ^out _{from each power conditioner PCS PVi} and calculates the first group total output P _{GPV. Then, the suppression index pr PV} is calculated using the above equation (34) so that the calculated first group total output P _GPV becomes the first group target power P _TPV. The calculated suppression index pr _PV is transmitted to each power conditioner PCS _PVi. Each power conditioner PCS _PVi calculates the individual target power P _PVi ^ref by using the received suppression index pr _PV , and controls so that the individual output power P _PVi ^out becomes the individual target power P _PVi ^ref. Further, the centralized management device MC8 obtains the individual output power P _Bk ^out _{from the power conditioner PCS Bk,} and calculates the total output P _{GB of the second group. Then, the charge / discharge index pr B} is calculated using the above equation (35) so that the calculated total output P _GB of the second group _{becomes the target power P TB of the second group.} The calculated charge / discharge index pr _B is transmitted to each power conditioner PCS _Bk. Each power conditioner PCS _Bk calculates an individual target power P _Bk ^ref using the received charge / discharge index pr _B , and controls so that the individual output power P _Bk ^out becomes the individual target power P _Bk ^ref. As a result, the total output P _GPV of the first group _{becomes the target power P TPV of} the first group, and the total output P _GB of the second group becomes the _{target power P TB of the second group.}

From the above, according to the solar power generation system PVS8 according to this embodiment, and target power (first group target power P _TPV to the first power conditioner group G _PV and the second power for each conditioner group G _B No. Group 2 target power P _TB ) can be set to set the 1st group total output P _GPV to the 1st group target power P _TPV and the 2nd group total output P _GB to the 2nd group target power P _TB. it can. Further, since the power conditioners PCS _PVi and PCS _{Bk calculate the individual target powers P PVi} ^ref and P _Bk ^ref in a distributed manner based on the suppression index pr _PV and the charge / discharge index pr _B , respectively, the centralized management device MC8 The processing load can be reduced.

In the above-described eighth embodiment, if you set the target power (first group target power P _TPV and the second group target power P _TB) to the first power conditioner group each G _PV and second power conditioner group G _B Has been described as an example, but only one of them may be used.

In the above-described eighth embodiment, a plurality of power conditioners PCS _PVi, PCS _Bk a first power conditioner group is a set of a plurality of power conditioners PCS _PVi G _PV and a plurality of power conditioners PCS _Bk it is a set of but a case in which divided into two groups with the second power conditioner group G _B is described as an example, but is not limited thereto. For example, the first power conditioner group G _PV further divided into a plurality of groups, may be set the target power for each the group. The same applies to the second power conditioner group G _B. Further, the target power may be set for each group by grouping so that one group includes both one or more power conditioner PCS _PVi and one or more power conditioner PCS _Bk. .. _{In this case, the suppression index pr PV} and the charge / discharge index pr _B may be calculated for each group using the above equations (21) and (22).

In the seventh and eighth embodiments, the photovoltaic power generation systems PVS7 and PVS8 in which the total system output suppression control and the schedule control are individually implemented have been described, but these can be combined. In this case, the centralized management device may appropriately switch which control is performed. For example, it may be switched according to the user's operation, or the situation (whether the suppression instruction is received from the electric power company, the first group target power _PTPV or the second group target power _PTB is set, etc.). It may be switched automatically according to.

In the seventh and eighth embodiments, the centralized management devices MC7 and MC8 are provided with a configuration in which the individual output powers P _PVi ^out and P _Bk ^out _{are obtained from the respective power conditioners PCS PVi} and PCS _Bk. Although described as an example, a configuration may be added in which the power consumption of the power load L is obtained from the power load L. When the power consumption of the power load L is available in this way, the sum of the individual output powers P _PVi ^out and P _Bk ^out _{obtained from each power conditioner PCS PVi} and PCS _Bk and the power consumption obtained from the power load L is calculated. By calculating, the interconnection point power P (t) can be estimated. Therefore, even if the interconnection point power detection unit 22 is not provided, the interconnection point power suppression control, peak cut control, and reverse power flow avoidance control described in the third to fifth embodiments can be performed. it can.

In each of the third to fifth embodiments, the case where the interconnection point power suppression control, the peak cut control, and the reverse power flow avoidance control are performed based on the interconnection point power P (t) will be described as an example. In the seventh and eighth embodiments, the system total output suppression control and the schedule control are based on _{the system total output P total} (t), the first group total output P _GPV, and the second group total output P _{GB, respectively.} Each of these cases has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this. It is provided with both means for detecting the interconnection point power P (t) (interconnection point power detection unit 22) and means for obtaining individual output powers P _PVi ^out and P _Bk ^out _{from the power conditioners PCS PVi} and PCS _{Bk, respectively.} In addition, interconnection point power suppression control, peak cut control, reverse power flow avoidance control, system total output suppression control, and schedule control may be controlled in combination.

In the first to eighth embodiments described above, the case where the electric power system according to the present disclosure is a photovoltaic power generation system has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this. The electric power system according to the present disclosure may be another power generation system. Other power generation systems include, for example, a wind power generation system, a fuel cell power generation system, a rotary generator power generation system, and a virtual power generation system that manages the load of consumers by an aggregator that trades negative watts. Conceivable. The aggregator considers the electricity saved by the negawatt transaction to be the generated electricity, so it does not actually generate electricity. Even in the case of these power generation systems, the centralized management device detects the interconnection point power or calculates the sum of the individual output powers to be the power to be adjusted, calculates the index, and transmits it to each power device. Then, each power device calculates the individual target power of its own device based on the optimization problem using the received index, and controls the individual output power so as to be the individual target power. In the case of a wind power generation system or a fuel cell power generation system, the power device is a power conditioner as well as a photovoltaic power generation system. Further, in the case of a power generation system using a rotary generator, the power device is a generator and a control device for controlling the generator. Further, in the case of a power generation system using an aggregator, the electric power device is a load of a consumer and a control device for controlling the load. In the power generation system using the aggregator, the saved power is regarded as the generated power, so the power reduced from the normal power consumption of the consumer's load becomes the individual output power. Further, the electric power system according to the present disclosure may be a combination of the above-mentioned power generation system. For example, a rotary generator is added to the photovoltaic power generation system, and the centralized management device sends an index to each power conditioner of the photovoltaic power generation system and the controller of the generator to control the overall output. May be.

Next, the virtual power plant according to the present invention will be described as a ninth embodiment. The virtual power plant is realized by aggregating a plurality of the above-mentioned electric power systems (photovoltaic power generation systems PVS1 to PVS8 shown in the first to eighth embodiments) and controlling them by a higher-level central management device. As described above, each electric power system may be a power generation system other than the photovoltaic power generation system.

FIG. 26 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of the virtual power plant according to the ninth embodiment. The virtual power plant (hereinafter, may be referred to as "VPP") includes a photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A, PVS_B, PVS_C and a central management device MC'.

Each of the photovoltaic power generation systems PVS_A, PVS_B, and PVS_C is one of the above-mentioned photovoltaic power generation systems PVS1 to PVS8. In FIG. 26, the photovoltaic power generation systems PVS_A, PVS_B, and PVS_C are simplified and described as a centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) and a plurality of power conditioner PCS managed by the centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C). The central control device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) calculates an index pr to the output command value P ^C and adjusted power respectively transmitted to the power conditioner PCS. In the present embodiment, the photovoltaic power generation systems PVS_A, PVS_B, and PVS_C correspond to the "electric power system" described in the claims. _{Each power conditioner PCS calculates the individual target power P i} ^ref based on the index pr received from the centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C), and controls the individual output power P _i ^out. When the higher index pr''_A (pr'_B, pr'_C) is input from the central management device MC', the centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) has the higher index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr'). The index pr is calculated based on _C). In this embodiment, the case where the VPP includes three photovoltaic power generation systems PVS_A, PVS_B, and PVS_C will be described as an example, but the number of photovoltaic power generation systems included in the VPP is not limited. In reality, VPP is equipped with a larger number of photovoltaic systems.

The central management device MC'manages the photovoltaic power generation systems PVS_A, PVS_B, and PVS_C. The central management device MC'communicates (may be wireless communication or wired communication) with the centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C). There is. The central management device MC'calculates the upper index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr'_C) and transmits it to the centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C). The central management device MC'includes an output command value acquisition unit 71, a reception unit 72, an index calculation unit 73, and a transmission unit 74.

Output command value acquisition unit 71 is the same as the output command value acquiring section 21 for acquiring the 'output command value P ^C' with respect to the central management unit MC. Output command value acquiring unit 71, requests and from the power company, and obtains the output command value P ^C 'in response to the output command that is pre-planned, and outputs the index calculation unit 73.

_{The receiving unit 72 receives the individual output power P i} ^out from the centralized management devices MC_A, MC_B, and MC_C. The centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) receives individual output power P _i ^out from each of the managed power conditioner PCSs. _{The receiving unit 72 receives the individual output power P i} ^out acquired by the centralized management devices MC_A, MC_B, and MC_C, respectively. The receiving unit 72 outputs the received individual output power P _i ^out to the index calculation unit 73. When the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) has a load, the centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) also detects the power supplied to the load and transmits it to the central management device MC'. To do. The receiving unit 72 also outputs the received load supply power value to the index calculation unit 73. Further, the centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) _{does not acquire the individual output power P i} ^out, and acquires the interconnection point power P (t) = ΣP _i ^out as the total value of the individual output power P _i ^out. If so, the receiving unit 72 receives the interconnection point power P (t) and outputs it as ΣP _i ^out to the index calculation unit 73. In this case, the interconnection point power P (t) received from the centralized management device MC_A. t) is the central control device MC_A is output as sum Σ _a P _i ^out of the individual output power P _i ^out of the power conditioner PCS managing centralized management device interconnection point received from MC_B power P (t) is , the central control device MC_B is output as the sum Σ _B P _i ^out of the individual output power P _i ^out of the power conditioner PCS managing centralized management device interconnection point received from MC_C power P (t) is centralized It is output as the total value Σ _C P _i ^out _{of the individual output power P i} ^out of the power conditioner PCS managed by the device MC_C. When a load is provided, the interconnection point power P (t) is a value obtained by subtracting the load supply power value from _{ΣP i} ^out. Further, the receiving unit 72 may receive the individual output power P _i ^out from each power conditioner PCS instead of receiving it from the centralized management devices MC_A, MC_B, MC_C.

Index calculating unit 73, the individual output power P _i ^out of the receiving section 72 has received, and is input the output command value P ^C 'the output command value acquisition unit 71 has acquired, photovoltaic systems PVS_A, PVS_B, PVS_C The higher index pr''_A, pr''_B, pr''_C is calculated and output to the transmission unit 74. The upper indicators pr'_A, pr'_B, and pr'_C are _{Σ all} P _i ^out (= Σ _A P _i ^out + Σ _B P _i ^out + Σ _C P _i ^out ), which is the sum of _{all individual output powers P i} ^out. , It is an index to make the output command value P ^C'. When the load supply power value is input from the receiving unit 72, the value obtained by subtracting the load supply power value from _{Σ all} P _i ^{out is used.} In the present embodiment, corresponds to the "upper index calculation unit" recited in the index calculation unit 73 claims, the output command value P ^C 'corresponds to "target total power" described in the claims .. The VPP according to the present embodiment can switch the operation mode. The index calculation unit 73 switches the calculation of the higher index pr'_A, pr'_B, pr'_C depending on the operation mode. The details of the operation mode and the calculation performed by the index calculation unit 73 will be described later.

The transmission unit 74 transmits the upper indexes pr'_A, pr'_B, pr'_C calculated by the index calculation unit 73 to the centralized management devices MC_A, MC_B, MC_C (photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A, PVS_B, PVS_C), respectively. Is what you do. When transmitting the higher index pr'_A, pr'_B, pr'_C, the transmission unit 74 also transmits information indicating the operation mode. The centralized management devices MC_A, MC_B, and MC_C perform control according to the operation mode. Specifically, the centralized management devices MC_A, MC_B, and MC_C switch the calculation method of the index pr to be transmitted to each power conditioner PCS according to the operation mode. When the operation mode in the VPP is fixed, it is not necessary to transmit the information indicating the operation mode, and the calculation method of the index pr in the centralized management devices MC_A, MC_B, and MC_C may be fixed.

Power control by VPP by the _{photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) controlling the individual output power P i} ^out of each power conditioner PCS based on the upper index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr'_C). Is done. For example, it is requested to suppress the output from the power company, 'when acquiring, central management unit MC' output command value acquiring unit 71 outputs the command value P ^C, the upper index pr'_A, pr'_B, pr '_C is calculated and transmitted to the photovoltaic power generation systems PVS_A, PVS_B, and PVS_C, respectively. The centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) calculates the index pr according to the received upper index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr'_C), and each power conditioner. Send to PCS. _{Then, each power conditioner PCS calculates the individual target power P i} ^ref based on the index pr received from the centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C), and controls the individual output power P _i ^out. Thus, the output power of the entire VPP is controlled so as to match the output command value P ^C ', output is suppressed.

Next, each operation mode of the VPP and the calculation performed by the index calculation unit 73 will be described.

First, a first operation mode for achieving the purpose of the VPP as a whole will be described without considering the purpose of each of the photovoltaic power generation systems PVS_A, PVS_B, and PVS_C.

FIG. 27A is a block diagram for explaining the first operation mode.

In the first operation mode, the index calculation unit 73, individual output is input from the receiving section 72 power P _i from ^out sigma _A P _i ^out, calculates the sigma _B P _i ^out and sigma _C P _i ^out (receiver 72 linking point power P (t) by receiving, sigma _a P _i ^out from the receiving unit 72, sigma _B P _i ^out, if entered as Σ _C P _i ^out is used as). Also, index calculation unit 73, 'the Solar systems PVS_A, PVS_B, P ^C is a target value for PVS_C' output command value P ^C input from the output command value acquiring unit 71 _A, P ^C '_B, ^{P C '_C (P C'} _A + P C '_B + P C' _C = P C ') to set the. Target value ^{P C '_A, P C'} _B, P C '_C , for example, the photovoltaic system PVS_A, PVS_B, is set according to the capacitance ratio and the output power ratio PVS_C. The index calculation unit 73, sigma _A P _i ^out the P ^C 'pr'_A higher indices for the _A, Σ _B P _i ^out the P ^C' pr'_B higher index for the _B and, Σ _C P _i ^out is calculated as a higher index pr ′ _C for making P ^{C ′ _C.} _{The index calculation unit 73 calculates the Lagrange multiplier λ A} based on the following equation (36a), where the gradient coefficient is ε _A , and sets the Lagrange multiplier λ _A as the upper index pr'_A. Similarly, the index calculation unit 73 calculates _{the Lagrange multiplier λ B} based on the following equation (36b) _{, where the gradient coefficient is ε B} , the Lagrange multiplier λ _B is the upper index pr'_B, and the gradient coefficient is ε _{C. , The Lagrange multiplier λ C} is calculated based on the following equation (36c), and the Lagrange multiplier λ _C is used as the upper index pr'_C. The central management device MC'transmits λ _A as the upper index pr'_A to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A, transmits λ _B as the upper index pr'_B to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_B, and λ as the upper index pr'_C. _C is transmitted to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_C.

The photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) controls each power conditioner PCS by using the higher index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr'_C) received from the central management device MC'. Specifically, the centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) receives the higher index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr'_C) received from the central management device MC'. It is transmitted to each power conditioner PCS as an index pr. _{Each power conditioner PCS calculates the individual target power P i} ^ref based on the received upper index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr'_C), and controls the individual output power P _i ^out.

In the first operation mode, the centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) receives a higher index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr'_C) from the central management device MC'. ) and only transmits to the power conditioner PCS but photovoltaic systems PVS_A, PVS_B, PVS_C that is an output corresponding to the output command value P ^C 'which is the target of the whole VPP, as a whole VPP Can achieve the purpose of.

More generalized, when the number of photovoltaic power generation systems provided in the VPP is m, the index calculation unit 73 sets the adjusted power of the j-th photovoltaic power generation system to P _j (t) (j = 1,). 2, ..., m), j-th target power P ^C '_j photovoltaic systems (t) (j = 1,2, ..., m), the slope coefficient for j-th PV systems epsilon _j When pr'_j (j = 1, 2, ..., M) is used as the upper index for the j-th photovoltaic power generation system (j = 1, 2, ..., M), the following equations (36d) to (36f) are used. By solving the formula shown by, the higher index pr'_j (j = 1, 2, ..., M) is calculated. The power to be adjusted P _{j (t) is the total Σ j} P _i ^out (t) of the individual output powers of the power conditioners of the j-th photovoltaic power generation system, and the j-th photovoltaic power generation system has a load. If so, the load power consumption value is subtracted from the total individual output power Σ _j P _i ^{out (t).} When the j-th solar power generation system detects the interconnection point power P (t), the adjustment target power P _j (t) is the interconnection point power P (t).

Next, a second operation mode different from the first operation mode will be described.

FIG. 27B is a block diagram for explaining the second operation mode.

In the second operation mode, the index calculation unit 73 calculates _{Σ all} P _i ^out _{from the individual output power P i} ^out input from the reception unit 72 (the reception unit 72 receives the interconnection point power P (t). to, Σ _A P _i ^out from the receiving unit 72, Σ _B P _i ^out, if entered as Σ _C P _i ^out is calculated from these). The index calculation unit 73, sigma _all the P _i ^out, calculates an index for the input from the output command value acquiring unit 71 outputs the command value P ^C '. _{The index calculation unit 73 calculates the Lagrange multiplier λ all} based on the following equation (37), where the gradient coefficient is ε _all , and sets the Lagrange multiplier λ _all as the upper indexes pr'_A, pr'_B, pr'_C. The central management device MC'transmits λ _all as the upper index pr'_A to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A, transmits λ _all as the upper index pr'_B to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_B, and λ as the upper index pr'_C. _All is transmitted to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_C.

The photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) controls each power conditioner PCS by using the higher index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr'_C) received from the central management device MC'. Specifically, the centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) receives the higher index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr'_C) received from the central management device MC'. It is transmitted to each power conditioner PCS as an index pr. _{Each power conditioner PCS calculates the individual target power P i} ^ref based on the received upper index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr'_C), and controls the individual output power P _i ^out. Since the upper indexes pr'_A, pr'_B, and pr'_C are all λ _all , the power conditioner PCS of the photovoltaic power generation systems PVS_A, PVS_B, and PVS_C are all controlled based on the same index.

In the second operation mode, the centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) receives the same higher index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr) from the central management device MC'. 'While _C) only transmits each power conditioner PCS, photovoltaic systems PVS_A, PVS_B, PVS_C output command value P ^C is the goal of the entire VPP' by an output corresponding to, VPP The purpose as a whole can be achieved.

More generalized, even when the number of photovoltaic power generation systems provided in the VPP is m, the index calculation unit 73 sets the adjusted power of the j-th photovoltaic power generation system to P _j (t) (j = 1). _{, 2, ..., M), the Lagrange multiplier λ all} is calculated based on the above equation (37'), and the Lagrange multiplier λ _all is the higher index pr'_j (j = 1) for the j-th photovoltaic power generation system. , 2, ..., m). The power to be adjusted P _{j (t) is the total Σ j} P _i ^out (t) of the individual output powers of the power conditioners of the j-th photovoltaic power generation system, and the j-th photovoltaic power generation system has a load. If so, the load power consumption value is subtracted from the total individual output power Σ _j P _i ^{out (t).} When the j-th solar power generation system detects the interconnection point power P (t), the adjustment target power P _j (t) is the interconnection point power P (t).

Next, a third operation mode that works to achieve the objectives of each of the photovoltaic power generation systems PVS_A, PVS_B, and PVS_C while also achieving the objectives of the VPP as a whole will be described.

FIG. 28A is a block diagram for explaining a third operation mode.

In the third operation mode, each photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A, PVS_B, PVS_C transmits the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the allowable range of the power to be adjusted to the central management device MC'. Specifically, the central control device MC_A photovoltaic systems PVS_A transmits the upper limit value P ^C _Amax and the lower limit value P ^C _Amin tolerance of adjusted power photovoltaic systems PVS_A. Similarly, the central control device MC_B photovoltaic systems PVS_B sends the upper limit value P ^C _Bmax and the lower limit value P ^C _Bmin tolerance of adjusted power photovoltaic systems PVS_B, concentrated solar power systems PVS_C management device MC_C transmits the upper limit value P ^C _Cmax and the lower limit value P ^C _Cmin tolerance of adjusted power photovoltaic systems PVS_C. The upper limit value and the lower limit value are determined according to the control performed by the centralized control device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C). For example, when the interconnection point power suppression control is performed, the output command value P ^C is set as the upper limit value. The receiving unit 72 outputs each received upper limit value and lower limit value to the index calculation unit 73. Index calculating unit 73, the individual output power is input from the receiving section 72 P _i from _{^{out Σ A P i out, Σ}} B P i out and sigma _C P _i ^out is calculated (receiver 72 interconnection point power P (t) receives, sigma _a P _i ^out from the receiving unit 72, Σ _B P _i ^out, if entered as Σ _C P _i ^out is used as). Also, index calculation unit 73, from being the output command value P ^C 'input from the output command value acquiring unit 71, and the upper limit value and the lower limit value input from the receiving unit 72, solar power system PVS_A, PVS_B, P ^C '_A, P ^C' is a target value for ^{PVS_C _B, P C '_C (} P C _Amin ≦ P C' _A ≦ P C _Amax, P C _Bmin ≦ P C '_B ≦ P C _Bmax, P C _Cmin ^{≦ P C '_C ≦ P C} _Cmax) setting a. The index calculation unit 73, sigma _A P _i ^out the P ^C 'pr'_A higher indices for the _A, Σ _B P _i ^out the P ^C' pr'_B higher index for the _B and, Σ _C P _i ^out is calculated as a higher index pr ′ _C for making P ^{C ′ _C.} _{The index calculation unit 73 calculates the Lagrange multiplier λ A} based on the above equation (36a), where the gradient coefficient is ε _A , and sets the Lagrange multiplier λ _A as the upper index pr'_A. Similarly, the index calculation unit 73 calculates _{the Lagrange multiplier λ B} based on the above equation (36b) _{, where the gradient coefficient is ε B} , the Lagrange multiplier λ _B is the upper index pr'_B, and the gradient coefficient is ε _{C. , The Lagrange multiplier λ C} is calculated based on the above equation (36c), and the Lagrange multiplier λ _C is used as the upper index pr'_C. The central management device MC'transmits λ _A as the upper index pr'_A to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A, transmits λ _B as the upper index pr'_B to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_B, and λ as the upper index pr'_C. _C is transmitted to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_C.

The photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) controls each power conditioner PCS by using the higher index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr'_C) received from the central management device MC'. Specifically, the centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) receives the higher index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr'_C) received from the central management device MC'. It is transmitted to each power conditioner PCS as an index pr. _{Each power conditioner PCS calculates the individual target power P i} ^ref based on the received upper index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr'_C), and controls the individual output power P _i ^out.

In the third operation mode, the centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) receives a higher index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr'_C) from the central management device MC'. ) Is only transmitted to each power conditioner PCS, but the index calculation unit 73 considers the upper limit value and the lower limit value input from the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) and considers the upper index pr'_A (. Since pr'_B, pr'_C) is calculated, the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) can achieve the respective purposes. The target value ^{P C '_A, P C'} _B, ' when setting the _C, P ^C' P ^C if it can meet the ^{_A + P C '_B + P} C' _C = P C ', as a whole VPP The purpose can also be achieved.

More to generalize, if the number of photovoltaic systems VPP is provided is m, the index calculating unit 73, j-th upper limit value input from the photovoltaic system P ^C _Jmax, the lower limit value P ^{C _jmin (j = 1,2, ...} , m), j -th adjustment-target power of photovoltaic systems and _{P j (t) (j =} 1,2, ..., m), j -th solar power system the target power ^{P C '_j (t) (} j = 1,2, ..., m), the slope coefficient for j-th PV systems _{ε j (j = 1,2, ...} , m), j th Assuming that the upper index for the photovoltaic power generation system is pr'_j (j = 1, 2, ..., M), the upper index pr'_j ( j = 1, 2, ..., M) is calculated. The power to be adjusted P _{j (t) is the total Σ j} P _i ^out (t) of the individual output powers of the power conditioners of the j-th photovoltaic power generation system, and the j-th photovoltaic power generation system has a load. If so, the load power consumption value is subtracted from the total individual output power Σ _j P _i ^{out (t).} When the j-th solar power generation system detects the interconnection point power P (t), the adjustment target power P _j (t) is the interconnection point power P (t).

Next, a fourth operation mode different from the third operation mode will be described.

FIG. 28B is a block diagram for explaining a fourth operation mode.

In the fourth operation mode, the index calculation unit 73 calculates _{Σ all} P _i ^out _{from the individual output power P i} ^out input from the reception unit 72 (the reception unit 72 receives the interconnection point power P (t). to, Σ _A P _i ^out from the receiving unit 72, Σ _B P _i ^out, if entered as Σ _C P _i ^out is calculated from these). The index calculation unit 73, sigma _all the P _i ^out, calculates an index for the input from the output command value acquiring unit 71 outputs the command value P ^C '. _{The index calculation unit 73 calculates the Lagrange multiplier λ all} based on the above equation (37), where the gradient coefficient is ε _all , and sets the Lagrange multiplier λ _all as the upper indexes pr'_A, pr'_B, pr'_C. The central management device MC'transmits λ _all as the upper index pr'_A to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A, transmits λ _all as the upper index pr'_B to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_B, and λ as the upper index pr'_C. _All is transmitted to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_C.

The centralized management device MC_A of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A inputs the received upper index pr'_A to the index calculation unit 23. Index calculating unit 23 is provided with an upper index pr'_A input (= λ _all), acquired output command value P ^C (photovoltaic system PVS_B, to be distinguished from the output command value P ^C which PVS_C acquired, following in from to) and "P ^C _A", on the basis of the following (39a) expression, "to calculate the _A. However, modifying the output command value P ^C" corrected output command value P ^C _A are photovoltaic systems PVS_A against adjusted power tolerance upper limit value P ^C _Amax and the lower limit value P ^C _Amin of, is limited to ^{P C _Amin ≦ P C "_A} ≦ P C _Amax. index calculating unit 23, the correction calculated as the output command value output command value P ^C "_A, based on the above equation (9) or the equation (21) calculates an index pr (suppression indicators pr _PV and charge-discharge indicator pr _{B). Assuming that the gradient coefficient is ε A} and the Lagrange multiplier is λ _A in order to distinguish it from the photovoltaic power generation systems PVS_B and PVS_C, the index calculation unit 23 of the centralized management device MC_A uses the Lagrange multiplier λ based on the following equation (39b). _{Calculate A} and use the Lagrange multiplier λ _A as the index pr. Similarly, the central control device MC_B photovoltaic systems PVS_B includes a received-level indicator pr'_B (= λ _all), the output command value P ^C _B obtained, allowed to be adjusted power photovoltaic systems PVS_B ranging from the upper limit value P ^C _Bmax and the lower limit value P ^C _Bmin of, calculated are followings (39c) on the basis of the expression, modification output command value ^{P C "_B (P C _Bmin} ≦ P C" _B ≦ P C _Bmax) .. _{Then, the Lagrange multiplier λ B} is calculated based on the following equation (39d), where the gradient coefficient is ε _B , and the Lagrange multiplier λ _B is used as the index pr. Also, the central control device MC_C photovoltaic systems PVS_C includes a received-level indicator pr'_C (= λ _all), the output command value P ^C _C acquired tolerance to be adjusted power photovoltaic systems PVS_C from the upper limit value P ^C _Cmax and the lower limit value P ^C _Cmin of, on the basis of the following (39e) equation, to calculate corrected output command value ^{P C "_C (P C _Cmin} ≦ P C" a _C ≦ P ^C _Cmax). _{Then, the Lagrange multiplier λ C} is calculated based on the following equation (39f), where the gradient coefficient is ε _C , and the Lagrange multiplier λ _C is used as the index pr. The centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) transmits the index pr calculated by the index calculation unit 23 to each power conditioner PCS. _{Each power conditioner PCS calculates the individual target power P i} ^ref based on the received index pr, and controls the individual output power P _i ^out.

In the fourth operation mode, the centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) receives the same higher index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr) from the central management device MC'. based on the '_C), adjusted power tolerance upper limit value and lower limit corrected output command value considering values ^{P C "_A (P C"} _B, calculates the P ^C "_C), calculated on the basis of this controls each power conditioner PCS by indices Pr. Thus, solar systems PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) can achieve the respective purposes. in addition, modified output command value P ^C "_A, P ^C "_B, P ^C" when calculating the _C, if any not exceed the upper limit value and the lower limit value, it is possible to interest also be achieved as a whole VPP. Further, even if either of them exceeds the upper limit value or the lower limit value, the Lagrange multiplier λ _all is adjusted by the above equation (37) and covered by the other photovoltaic power generation system, so that the purpose of the VPP as a whole is also achieved. Is controlled.

More to generalize, if the number of photovoltaic systems VPP is provided is m, the index calculation unit 73 calculates the Lagrange multiplier lambda _all based on the above (37 ') equation, the Lagrange multiplier lambda _all , The higher index pr'_j (j = 1, 2, ..., M) for the j-th photovoltaic power generation system may be used. Then, the index calculation unit 23 of the j-th solar power system, the input-level indicator pr'_j (= λ _all), the output command value P ^C _j, the upper limit value P ^C _jmax tolerance to be adjusted power and from the lower limit value P ^C _jmin, on the basis of the following (40a) ~ (40b) equation, to calculate the corrected output command value P ^C "_j, adjusted power P _j (t), slope factor of the photovoltaic power generation system Is ε _j and the index is pr, and the index pr is calculated by solving the formulas shown by the following equations (40c) to (40d). The power to be adjusted P _j (t) is the j-th photovoltaic power generation system. The total individual output power of the power conditioner is Σ _j P _i ^out (t), and if the j-th photovoltaic power generation system has a load, the total individual output power is Σ _j P _i ^out (t). When the j-th photovoltaic power generation system detects the interconnection point power P (t), the adjustment target power P _j (t) is the interconnection point power P. (T).

In the fourth operation mode, the index calculation unit 73 may perform the calculation according to the above equations (40a) to (40d). Specifically, the j-th photovoltaic power generation system ^{transmits the upper limit value P C} _jmax, the lower limit value P ^C _jmin, and the output command value P ^C _j to the central control device MC', respectively. _{The index calculation unit 73 calculates the Lagrange multiplier λ j} by solving the mathematical formulas shown in the above equations (40a) to (40c), and sets the Lagrange multiplier λ _j as the upper index pr'_j. Then, the index calculation unit 23 of the j-th solar power generation system may use the received higher index pr'_j as the index pr.

Next, a fifth operation mode in which the VPP manages each power conditioner PCS by dividing it into a plurality of groups will be described. Specifically, group α and group β are set, all the power conditioner PCS of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A belong to group α, and all the power conditioner PCS of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_C belong to group β. , A case where a part of the power conditioner PCS of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_B belongs to the group α and the other belongs to the group β will be described.

FIG. 29 is a block diagram for explaining the fifth operation mode.

In the fifth operation mode, the index calculation unit 73 sets the total output of the power conditioner PCS belonging to the group α from _{the individual output power P i} ^out _{input from the reception unit 72 to Σ α P i} ^out , and _{ΣβP i} ^out , which is the total output of the power conditioner PCS belonging to the group β, is calculated. Also, index calculation unit 73, 'the, P ^C is a target value for the group alpha' output command value P ^C input from the output command value acquiring unit 71 _Arufa, and a target value for the group beta P ^C ' setting the ^{_β (P C '_α + P} C' _β = P C '). Target value ^{P C '_α, P C'} _β , for example, each group alpha, is set according to the capacitance ratio and the output power ratio of beta. Note that the output of the entire VPP P ^C is a target value 'instead of controlling the, if controlling the output of each group to respective target values, P ^C' of ^{_α + P C '_β = P} C' without limitation to the respective target values P ^C '_α, P ^C' may be set _Beta. The index calculation unit 73, 'index for the _Arufa, and the ΣβP _i ^out P ^C' the ΣαP _i ^out P ^C calculates an index for the _Beta. The index calculation unit 73 calculates the Lagrange multiplier λα based on the following equation (41a), where the gradient coefficient is εα. Similarly, the index calculation unit 73 calculates the Lagrange multiplier λβ based on the following equation (41b), where the gradient coefficient is εβ. Then, the central management device MC'transmits λα as the upper index pr'_A to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A, transmits λα and λΒ as the upper index pr'_B to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_B, and transmits the upper index pr'_C. Λβ is transmitted to the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_C.

The central control device MC_A photovoltaic systems PVS_A includes a received-level indicator pr'_A (= λα), the output command value P ^C _A acquired, the upper limit of the allowable range to be adjusted power photovoltaic systems PVS_A and a P ^C _Amax and the lower limit value P ^C _Amin, on the basis of the following (42a) equation, to calculate corrected output command value ^{P C "_A (P C _Amin} ≦ P C" a _A ≦ P ^C _Amax). _{Then, the Lagrange multiplier λ A} is calculated based on the above equation (39b), where the gradient coefficient is ε _A , and the Lagrange multiplier λ _A is used as the index pr. Similarly, the central control device MC_C photovoltaic systems PVS_C includes a received-level indicator pr'_C (= λΒ), the output command value P ^C _C acquired tolerance to be adjusted power photovoltaic systems PVS_C from the upper limit value P ^C _Cmax and the lower limit value P ^C _Cmin of, on the basis of the following (42c) equation, to calculate corrected output command value ^{P C "_C (P C _Cmin} ≦ P C" a _C ≦ P ^C _Cmax). _{Then, the Lagrange multiplier λ C} is calculated based on the above equation (39f), where the gradient coefficient is ε _C , and the Lagrange multiplier λ _C is used as the index pr. Further, the centralized management device MC_B of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_B inputs the received upper index pr'_B to the index calculation unit 23. Index calculating unit 23, the upper index pr'_B input (= λα, λΒ) and the output command value P ^C _B acquired, the tolerance of the adjusted power photovoltaic systems PVS_B upper limit value P ^C _Bmax From the lower limit value P ^C _B min and the lower limit value P C _B min, the modified output command value P ^C "_B (P ^C _B min ≤ P ^C " _B ≤ P ^C _B max) is calculated based on the following equation (42b). ωα and ωβ are coefficients for weighting, and are set according to the total capacity ratio and the number ratio of the power conditioner PCS belonging to each group. Index calculating unit 23, the calculated corrected output command value P ^C "_B the output command value, a slope coefficient as epsilon _B, it calculates the Lagrange multiplier lambda _B on the basis of the above (39d) formula, Lagrange multiplier lambda _B Is an index pr. The centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) of the solar power generation system PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) transmits the index pr calculated by the index calculation unit 23 to each power conditioner PCS. _{The conditioner PCS calculates the individual target power P i} ^ref based on the received index pr and controls the individual output power P _i ^out.

In the fifth operation mode, the centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) of the photovoltaic power generation system PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) receives a higher index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr'_C) from the central management device MC'. ) on the basis, adjusted power tolerance upper limit value and modifying the output command value considering the lower limit value ^{P C "_A (P C"} _B, calculates the P ^C "_C), calculated based on this controls each power conditioner PCS by indicators Pr. Thus, solar systems PVS_A (PVS_B, PVS_C) can achieve the respective purposes. in addition, modified output command value P ^C "_A, P ^C" _B, when calculating the P ^C "_C, either does not exceed the upper limit value and the lower limit value, it is possible to interest also be achieved as a whole VPP. Further, even if either of them exceeds the upper limit value or the lower limit value, the Lagrange multipliers λα and λβ are adjusted by the above equations (41a) and (41b) and covered by other photovoltaic power generation systems. It is controlled to achieve the purpose of.

More generalized, when the number of photovoltaic power generation systems provided in the VPP is m and the number of groups is p, the index calculation unit 73 sets the adjustment target power of the _kth group to P k (t) ( k = 1,2, ..., p) , the target power of the k th group ^{P C '_k (t) (} k = 1,2, ..., p), the slope coefficient for the k-th group epsilon _k (k = 1, 2, ..., P), let the Lagrange multiplier for the _kth group be λ k (k = 1, 2, ..., p), and solve the formulas shown by the following equations (43a) to (43b). The Lagrange multiplier λ _k (k = 1, 2, ..., P) is calculated, and this is used as a higher index. The power to be adjusted P _{k (t) is the total Σ k} P _i ^out (t) of the individual output powers of the power conditioners belonging to the k-th group, and if the k-th group has a load, The load power consumption value is subtracted from the total individual output power Σ _k P _i ^{out (t).} Of the upper indexes λ _k (k = 1, 2, ..., P), only those corresponding to the group to which the power conditioner belongs may be transmitted to the photovoltaic power generation system. Then, the index calculation unit 23 of the j-th photovoltaic power generation system has a higher index λ _k (k = 1, 2, ..., P), a coefficient ω _k _j for weighting, and an upper limit value of the allowable range of the power to be adjusted. from P ^C _jmax and the lower limit value P ^C _jmin, on the basis of the following (44a) ~ (44b) equation, to calculate the corrected output command value P ^C "_j. in the above example, the power conditioner PCS photovoltaic systems PVS_A All belong to the group α, so in the following equation (44a), the coefficients ωα_A = 1 and ωβ_A = 0 for weighting, and the above equation (42a) is obtained. The index pr is calculated by solving the formulas shown by the following equations (44c) to (44d), where the power to be adjusted of the photovoltaic power generation system is P _j (t), the gradient coefficient is ε _{j, and the index is pr.} The power to be adjusted P _{j (t) is the total Σ j} P _i ^out (t) of the individual output powers of the power conditioners of the j-th photovoltaic power generation system, and the j-th photovoltaic power generation system loads the load. If it is provided, the _{load power consumption value is subtracted from the total individual output power Σ j} P _i ^out (t). The j-th photovoltaic power generation system has the interconnection point power P (t). When detecting, the adjustment target power P _j (t) is the interconnection point power P (t).

In the fifth operation mode, the index calculation unit 73 may perform the calculation according to the above equations (44a) to (44d). Specifically, the j-th photovoltaic power generation system ^{transmits the upper limit value P C} _jmax, the lower limit value P ^C _jmin, and the output command value P ^C _j to the central control device MC', respectively. _{The index calculation unit 73 calculates the Lagrange multiplier λ j} by solving the mathematical formulas shown in the above equations (44a) to (44c), and sets the Lagrange multiplier λ _j as the upper index pr'_j. Then, the index calculation unit 23 of the j-th solar power generation system may use the received higher index pr'_j as the index pr.

According to the ninth embodiment, the central management device MC'has the upper indexes pr'_A, pr'_B, pr'_C calculated by the index calculation unit 73, respectively, as centralized management devices MC_A, MC_B, MC_C (photovoltaic power generation). It is transmitted to the system PVS_A, PVS_B, PVS_C). The centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) calculates an index pr according to the received upper index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr'_C) and transmits it to each power conditioner PCS. Then, each power conditioner PCS controls the _{individual output power P i} ^out based on the index pr received from the centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C). Since the centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) only calculates the index pr according to the received upper index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr'_C), the target output power is calculated for each power conditioner PCS. The processing load can be reduced as compared with the case. In particular, in the case of the first to third operation modes, the centralized management device MC_A (MC_B, MC_C) uses the received upper index pr'_A (pr'_B, pr'_C) as the index pr as it is, so that the processing load Can be further reduced.

In the ninth embodiment, the case where the electric power system included in the VPP is a photovoltaic power generation system has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. As described above, the power system provided by VPP includes a wind power generation system, a fuel cell power generation system, a rotary generator power generation system, an aggregator power generation system, a solar power generation system, and a power generation system using these in combination. It may be. In these cases, each power generation system also corresponds to the "electric power system" described in the claims. The central management device MC'also transmits the upper index calculated by the index calculation unit 73 to these power generation systems. These power generation systems also control the output according to the received higher index. Further, in the third operation mode, these power generation systems also transmit the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the allowable range of the power to be adjusted to the central management device MC'.

The virtual power plant according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the specific configuration of each part can be freely redesigned as long as the contents described in the claims of the present invention are not deviated. Is.

PVS1-PVS8, PVS_A, PVS_B, PVS_C Photovoltaic system (electric power system)
A Power system SP _i Solar cell B _k Storage battery PCS _i , PCS _PVi , PCS _Bk Power conditioner (electric power device)
G _PV first power conditioner group G _B second power conditioner groups 11, 31 receiving unit 12, 12 ', 32 target power calculator 13, 33 output control unit 14 outputs the power detection unit 15 transmission unit MC1～MC8, MC_A , MC_B, MC_C Centralized management device 21 Output command value acquisition unit 22 Interconnection point power detection unit 23, 43, 43', 43 "Index calculation unit 24,44 Transmission unit 45 Peak cut setting unit 46 Reverse power flow avoidance setting unit 51 RPR (Reverse power relay)
61 Receiving unit 62, 62'Total output calculation unit 63, 63'Indicator calculation unit 64 Schedule setting unit MC'Central control device 71 Output command value acquisition unit 72 Reception unit 73 Index calculation unit 74 Transmission unit L Power load

Claims (2)

A virtual power plant including a plurality of electric power systems and a central management device for managing the plurality of electric power systems.
Each of the electric power systems includes a plurality of electric power devices connected to the electric power system and a centralized management device for managing the plurality of electric power devices.
The centralized management device is
A detection means for detecting the power to be adjusted and
An index calculation means for calculating an index for controlling individual output power for each power device so that the adjustment target power becomes the target power, and
A transmission means for transmitting the index to each of the power devices, and
With
Each of the power devices is
A receiving means for receiving the index transmitted by the transmitting means, and a receiving means for receiving the index.
A target power calculation means for calculating the individual target power of the individual output power of the own device based on the optimization problem using the index received by the receiving means.
A control means that controls the individual output power so as to be the individual target power calculated by the target power calculation means, and
With
The central management device is
A high-level index calculation means for calculating a high-level index for causing each power system to control the adjustment target power so that the total power of the adjustment target power of each power system becomes the overall target power.
A central management device transmitting means for transmitting the higher-level index to each of the power systems, and
Is equipped with
The upper index calculating means, the number of the power system m, adjusted power P _j (t) of each power system (j = 1,2, ..., m ), the target total power P ^C '(t ), The gradient coefficient is ε _all , and the higher index for the j-th power system is pr'_j (j = 1, 2, ..., M).
By solving the mathematical formulas shown by the following equations (4a) to (4b), the higher index pr'_j (j = 1, 2, ..., M) is calculated.
When receiving the upper index from the previous SL central management unit, index calculating means of the j-th power system,
Entered the upper index Pr'_j, the target power P ^C _j, from the upper limit value P ^C _jmax and the lower limit value P ^C _jmin tolerance of the adjusted power, on the basis of the following (5a) ~ (5b) formula , to calculate the corrected target power P ^C "_j,
The index pr is calculated by solving the mathematical formulas shown by the following equations (5c) to (5d) , where the gradient coefficient of the power system is ε _{j and the index is pr.}
A virtual power plant that features that.

A virtual power plant including a plurality of electric power systems and a central management device for managing the plurality of electric power systems.
Each of the electric power systems includes a plurality of electric power devices connected to the electric power system and a centralized management device for managing the plurality of electric power devices.
The centralized management device is
A detection means for detecting the power to be adjusted and
An index calculation means for calculating an index for controlling individual output power for each power device so that the adjustment target power becomes the target power, and
A transmission means for transmitting the index to each of the power devices, and
With
Each of the power devices is
A receiving means for receiving the index transmitted by the transmitting means, and a receiving means for receiving the index.
A target power calculation means for calculating the individual target power of the individual output power of the own device based on the optimization problem using the index received by the receiving means.
A control means that controls the individual output power so as to be the individual target power calculated by the target power calculation means, and
With
The central management device is
A high-level index calculation means for calculating a high-level index for causing each power system to control the adjustment target power so that the total power of the adjustment target power of each power system becomes the overall target power.
A central management device transmitting means for transmitting the higher-level index to each of the power systems, and
Is equipped with
All the power devices belong to one of a plurality of groups and belong to one of a plurality of groups.
The upper index calculating means sets the number of the groups to p, the adjusted power of the _kth group to P k (t) (k = 1, 2, ..., P), and the overall target power to P ^C '(t). ), the target power of the k th group ^{P C '_k (t) (} k = 1,2, ..., p), the slope coefficient epsilon _k for the k-th group (k = 1, 2, ..., p) , The Lagrange multiplier for the k-th group is λ _k (k = 1, 2, ..., P), and the Lagrange multiplier λ _k (k = 1, 2, ..., ... , P) are calculated, and these are used as the above-mentioned upper indexes.
When receiving the upper index from the previous SL central management unit, index calculating means of the j-th power system,
The input upper index λ _k (k = 1, 2, ..., P), the coefficient ω _k _j for weighting, the target power P ^{C _j, the upper limit value P C} _jmax of the allowable range of the adjustment target power, and from the lower limit value P ^C _jmin, on the basis of the following (7a) ~ (7b) equation, to calculate the corrected target power P ^C "_j,
The index pr is calculated by solving the mathematical formulas shown by the following equations (7c) to (7d), where the power to be adjusted of the power system is P _j (t), the gradient coefficient is ε _{j, and the index is pr.}
A virtual power plant that features that.

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