JP6846611B2 - Packaging bag with spout - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a packaging bag with a spout that contains fluids such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals, detergents, inks, and foods.

Conventionally, as a packaging bag with a spout, a pair of front film and the outer peripheral edge of the back film are heat-welded to each other, and a part of the outer peripheral edge of the bag is sandwiched between the front film and the back film. It is known that the film is provided with a heat-welded spout in an embodiment (see Patent Document 1).

This packaging bag with a spout is also used as an ink cartridge for an inkjet printing device. In particular, ink cartridges used in industrial printing equipment use a large amount of ink and are frequently replaced, so that a function of measuring the residual amount of ink is added.

Generally, when measuring the amount of residual liquid of ink inside the bag body, a sensor is provided at a position near the spout outside the bag body, and the thickness of the position near the spout in the bag body is measured by the sensor. The amount of residual liquid in the ink was being measured.

However, as the amount of residual ink in the packaging bag with a spout decreases, as shown in FIG. 6, the packaging bag has a substantially elliptical shape having a long axis on the axis of the spout at a position near the spout in the bag body. Since a recess H having a shape in which a part of the recess H is cut out is generated and the outer boundary portion of the recess H is deformed so as to bulge, it is difficult to accurately measure the amount of residual liquid of the reduced ink.

For this reason, conventionally, an ink cartridge in which a packaging bag with a spout is housed in a hard case made of synthetic resin and a plate material is attached to one side surface of the packaging bag with a spout is known (see Patent Document 2). .. According to this, since one side surface of the packaging bag with a spout housed in the hard case is deformed evenly by the plate material, the vicinity of the above-mentioned spout is compared with the packaging bag not housed in the hard case. Deformation of the recess H at the position is unlikely to occur.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-87480 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-16377

However, even with such a hard case, it cannot be said that the measurement accuracy of the reduced ink residual liquid amount is high, and a large amount of ink residual liquid amount is generated, which may waste the ink. In addition, since a dedicated hard case and plate material are required separately, there is a problem that the manufacturing cost increases due to the increase in the number of parts of the ink cartridge. In particular, ink cartridges are consumables, and they are strongly required to be inexpensive, and the high manufacturing cost cannot be ignored. Such a problem occurs not only in the packaging bag with a spout containing ink but also in the packaging bag with a spout containing other fluids.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a packaging bag with a spout, which has a simple structure and can accurately measure the residual liquid amount of a fluid.

As a result of intensive research on the cause of the occurrence of recesses in the vicinity of the spout in the packaging bag with the spout, the applicant has found that the thickness of the bag near the spout and the longitudinal direction of the inside of the bag near the spout. It was discovered that the dimensions in the width direction are related to each other, and the predetermined relationship between them was clarified.

That is, the present invention includes a bag body having a flexible front film and a back film, and a spout provided so as to be sandwiched between the front film and the back film in a part of the outer peripheral edge portion of the bag body. A packaging bag with a spout, which has a narrow fluid outlet near the spout inside the bag by adhering the front film and back film on both sides of the axis of the spout in the bag. Is formed, and the fluid derivation unit is

3.0 <C / A <10.0
2.5 <D / A
C <W
A: Thickness of the adhesive portion of the spout in the bag body C: Dimensions in the width direction orthogonal to the axis of the spout in the fluid lead-out part D: Dimensions in the longitudinal direction parallel to the axis of the spout in the fluid lead-out part W: Bag body It is characterized in that it satisfies the relational expression of the dimensions between the inner edges of the outer peripheral edge of the above.

According to this, in a packaging bag with a spout, a fluid lead-out portion having a predetermined size is formed at a position near the spout inside the bag body, so that the recess is deformed at a position near the spout in the bag body. It can be prevented or mitigated. As a result, the measurement accuracy of the displacement amount of the thickness of the bag body is improved at the position near the spout, so that the residual liquid amount of the fluid can be measured accurately and the variation of the residual liquid amount of the fluid can be reduced. Can be done. In addition, since it has a simple structure in which the front film and the back film on both sides of the axis of the spout in the bag body are simply adhered, there is no need for a dedicated hard case or plate material when measuring the residual liquid amount of the fluid. In addition, the amount of residual liquid in the ink can be measured with high accuracy, and the manufacturing cost of ink cartridges and the like can be suppressed.

In addition, the fluid derivation unit is
3.5 ≤ C / A ≤ 9.0
3.0 <D / A
C <W
It is preferable to satisfy the relational expression of.

In addition, the fluid derivation unit is
5.0 ≤ C / A ≤ 8.0
3.5 <D / A
C <W
It is more preferable to satisfy the relational expression of.

According to the present invention, in a packaging bag with a spout, a fluid lead-out portion having a predetermined size is formed inside the bag at a position near the spout, so that the recess is deformed at a position near the spout in the bag. Can be prevented or reduced. As a result, the measurement accuracy of the displacement amount of the thickness of the bag body is improved at the position near the spout, so that the residual liquid amount of the fluid can be measured accurately and the variation of the residual liquid amount of the fluid can be reduced. Can be done. In addition, since it has a simple structure in which the front film and the back film on both sides of the axis of the spout in the bag body are simply bonded, there is no need for a dedicated hard case or plate material when measuring the residual liquid amount of the fluid. The amount of residual liquid in the ink can be measured with high accuracy, and the manufacturing cost of the ink cartridge and the like can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to provide a packaging bag with a spout that is highly reliable and inexpensive for measuring the residual liquid amount of the fluid.

It is a front view of the packaging bag with a spout which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a partial front view of the packaging bag with a spout according to the first embodiment. It is a partial side view of the packaging bag with a spout according to the first embodiment. It is (a) front view and (b) the view seen from the mouth plug base end side of the mouth plug which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a partial front view of the packaging bag with a spout according to each of the other embodiments. It is (a) partial front view, (b) eye line sectional view, (c) roll line sectional view, (d) ha ha line sectional view of the conventional packaging bag with a spout. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the thickness A and the size of the recess H of the heat-sealed portion of the mouth plug in a bag body. It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the packaging bag with a spout which concerns on Example.

<First Embodiment>
Hereinafter, a packaging bag with a spout (hereinafter referred to as the present packaging bag 1) according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Here, the direction parallel to the axis L of the spout 3 of FIG. 1 (the left-right direction of FIG. 1A) is the longitudinal direction, and the direction orthogonal to the axis L on the same plane as the films 2a and 2b (FIG. 1 (a)). ) Is the width direction, and the direction of perpendicularly penetrating the films 2a and 2b (the vertical direction of FIG. 1B) is the thickness direction.

The packaging bag 1 includes a bag body 2 composed of a pair of front films 2a and a back film 2b. Further, at the central portion of the upper edge portion of the bag body 2 on the side of the spout 3, a spout 3 for discharging the fluid contained in the bag 2 is provided.

The front film 2a and the back film 2b are made of a flexible film, and a sealant layer is formed on at least one side thereof. The composition and thickness of the film are not particularly limited, and a design having oxygen barrier properties, water vapor barrier properties, and the like can be appropriately made according to the properties of the contents.

The bag body 2 is formed by superimposing the sealant layers of the front film 2a and the back film 2b so as to face each other, and heat-sealing the outer peripheral edges of the front film 2a and the back film 2b. There is.

Further, in the bag body 2, the outer peripheral edges of the front film 2a and the back film 2b are heat-sealed as described above, so that the side edge seal portion S1 located at the side edge portion and both side portions of the spout are covered with the bag body 2. The regulated seal portion S2 located, the intermediate seal portion S3 located between the side edge seal portion S1 and the regulation seal portion S3, the top seal portion S4 located at the spout portion, and the bottom seal portion S5 located at the bottom It is formed.

The side edge sealing portion S1 of the bag body 2 is formed by heat-sealing the front film 2a and the back film 2b at the side edge portion of the bag body 2 from the middle portion to the bottom portion of the bag body 2 near the spout side. It is formed with a constant narrow width along the side edge of the body 2.

The regulation seal portion S2 of the bag body 2 has a front film 2a and a back film 2b heat-sealed on both side portions of the spout 3 of the bag body 2 so that the front film 2a and the back film 2b are heat-sealed to one side with respect to the axis L of the spout 3. A 1 regulation seal portion S21 is formed, and a second regulation seal portion S2 is formed on the other side. The inner edge of the regulation seal portion S2 is formed so as to project toward the axis L side as compared with the inner edge of the side edge seal portion S1. As a result, a narrow fluid having a smaller dimension between the inner edges than the side edge sealing portion S1 at a position in the bag body 2 near the spout 3 (a position on the axis of the spout 3 and communicating with the spout 3). The out-licensing unit 21 is formed.

The intermediate seal portion S3 of the bag body 2 is formed by heat-sealing the front film 2a and the back film 2b between the side edge seal portion S1 and the regulation seal portion S2. The intermediate seal portion S3 is formed so that its inner edge is inclined outward with respect to the axis L so as to connect the inner edge of the regulation seal portion S2 and the inner edge of the side edge seal portion S1.

As shown in FIG. 2, the intersection of the inner edge of the regulation seal portion S2 and the inner edge of the intermediate seal portion S3 is defined as points P1 and P2, and a straight line connecting the axis L of the spout 3 and the points P1 and P2. Let the intersection be P0 point. This P1 point is located at the inner edge of the first regulation seal portion S21 of the fluid outflow portion 21 at the position farthest from the spout 3 in the longitudinal direction. Further, the point P2 is located at the inner edge of the second regulation seal portion S2 of the fluid outflow portion 21 at the position farthest from the spout 3 in the longitudinal direction.

The top seal portion S4 of the bag body 2 is formed along the upper edge portion of the bag body 2 by heat-sealing the front film 2a and the back film 2b at the upper edge portion of the bag body 2 on the spout side. ing. The top seal portion S4 is heat-sealed integrally with the regulation seal portion S2.

The bottom seal portion S5 of the bag body 23 is formed along the lower edge portion of the bag body 2 by heat-sealing the front film 2a and the back film 2b at the lower edge portion on the bottom side of the bag body 2. There is.

The spout 3 is heat-sealed so as to be sandwiched between the front film 2a and the back film 2b at the upper edge of the bag body 2. Specifically, the spout 3 is fixed by inserting it through the opening between the front film 2a and the back film 2b and heat-sealing the front film 2a and the back film 2b.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the spout 3 is attached to a spout body 30 having a flow passage 31 fixed to the opening of the bag body 2 and communicating in the L direction of the axis, and an upper end portion of the spout body 30. It is provided with a plug member 38 to be formed.

The spout main body 30 is provided with a spout seal portion 33, a flange portion 34, and a tubular portion 35 from the spout base end portion 32 toward the tip end portion. The spout seal portion 33 is heat-sealed so as to be sandwiched between the front film 2a and the back film 2b, and the cross-sectional shape orthogonal to the axis L direction is substantially boat-shaped, and ribs for welding are provided on the surface. It is formed. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the thickness direction of the spout seal portion 33 of the bag body 2 is A, and the width direction is B.

Further, a seal member accommodating portion 36 for accommodating the seal member 39 is formed inside the tubular portion 35 of the spout main body 30, and the tip of the tubular portion is formed so that the plug member 38 presses the seal member 39. It is attached to the part. A partition wall 37 is formed between the flow passage 31 and the seal member accommodating portion 36 so that the seal member 39 does not come into direct contact with the fluid in the bag body 2. The partition wall 37 is designed to have a strength capable of penetrating the fluid discharge needle, and the fluid can be discharged from the bag body 2 by penetrating and sucking the fluid discharge needle.

Further, the spout 3 is preferably made of a synthetic resin having excellent moldability and processability. Examples of the synthetic resin include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polystyrene resins, polyamide resins, polyester resins, acrylic resins, vinyl chloride resins, vinylidene chloride resins, polyether sulfone and the like. As a molding method, it is preferable to integrally mold by an appropriate molding such as injection molding from the viewpoint of cost and the like.

Further, the seal member 39 is for preventing fluid from leaking to the outside of the bag body 2, and is housed in the seal member accommodating portion 36. The sealing member 39 is formed of an elastic body such as an elastomer or rubber through which the fluid discharge needle can penetrate.

Next, the deformation of the bag body 2 in the vicinity of the spout when the fluid is discharged from the main packaging bag 1 and the residual liquid amount of the fluid is reduced will be described.

When the main packaging bag 1 in which the fluid is contained in the bag body 2 is discharged with the fluid discharge needle in a state where the longitudinal direction is horizontal or the spout 3 side is tilted downward, conventionally, as shown in FIG. In addition, as the amount of residual liquid in the fluid decreases, a substantially elliptical recess H having a long axis on the axis L is generated at a position in the vicinity of the spout 3 in the bag body 2, and a portion thereof is cut out. The outer boundary portion of the recess H was deformed so as to bulge.

In this regard, the applicant has conducted extensive research on the cause of the recess H occurring in the bag body 2 in the vicinity of the spout 3 in the packaging bag 1, and as a result, the thickness of the bag 2 in the vicinity of the spout 3 has been studied. And, it was discovered that the dimensions in the longitudinal direction and the width direction of the inside of the bag body 2 at the position near the spout 3 are related, and the predetermined relationship between them was clarified.

Specifically, when the amount of residual fluid in the fluid decreases, a recess H is generated in the vicinity of the spout 3 in the bag body 2 as described above, and the outer boundary portion of the recess H swells. It is considered that the deformation occurs because the fluid in the region where the recess H near the spout 3 is formed is pushed out to the region outside the recess H. For this reason, the front film 2a and the back film 2b on both sides of the spout 3 in the bag body 2 are heat-sealed to form a narrow fluid lead-out portion 21 in the vicinity of the spout 3 inside the bag body 2. Then, since the movement of the fluid is restricted by the regulation seal portion S2 of the fluid lead-out portion 21, it is considered that the recess H is less likely to be generated in the vicinity of the spout 3 in the bag body 2.

Then, as shown in FIG. 7, when the thickness A of the heat-sealed portion of the spout 3 in the bag body 2 becomes large, the size of the recess H generated in the vicinity of the spout 3 in the bag body 2 (the size in the width direction). Since we found a correlation that Cx / longitudinal size Dx) also increases proportionally, the thickness A of the heat-sealed portion of the spout 3 in the bag 2 and the size of the fluid lead-out portion 21 (mouth). It was inferred that the relationship of the width direction perpendicular to the plug axis / the longitudinal dimension parallel to the spout axis) is important.

Therefore, the thickness A of the heat-sealed portion of the spout 3 in the bag body 2, the dimension C in the width direction orthogonal to the axis of the spout 3 in the fluid lead-out portion 21, and the direction parallel to the axis of the spout 3 in the fluid lead-out portion 21. As a result of various studies on the relationship of the dimensions D of the above, when the fluid lead-out unit 21 is formed so as to satisfy the following relational expression, the position near the spout 3 in the bag body 2 even if the residual liquid amount of the fluid decreases. It has been clarified that the above-mentioned deformation of the recess H is prevented or reduced.

3.0 <C / A <10.0
2.5 <D / A
C <W
A: Thickness of the narrowed portion of the spout C: Width direction orthogonal to the axis of the spout at the fluid outlet D: Longitudinal dimension parallel to the axis of the spout at the fluid derivation W: Of the bag body 2 Dimensions between the inner edges of the outer periphery

<Other Embodiments>
Next, another embodiment of the packaging bag with a spout according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the following description, a structure different from that of the first embodiment will be described, the same structure will be designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

In the packaging bag 1 with a spout of another embodiment as shown in FIG. 5A, the dimensions between the inner edges of the regulation seal portions S2 (S21, S2) are constant. The dimension between the inner edges of the side edge seal portion S1 is constant, and is formed wider than the dimension between the inner edges of the regulation seal portion S2. The inner edge of the intermediate seal portion S3 is formed in a direction parallel to the axis L. On the inner edge of the regulation seal portion S2, the positions farthest from the spout 3 in the longitudinal direction are points P1 and P2. Further, the intersection of the straight line connecting the P1 point and the P2 point and the axis L is the P0 point. In this case, the dimension between the points P1 and P2 is the dimension C in the width direction of the fluid lead-out portion 21, and the dimension in the longitudinal direction from the inner edge of the top seal portion S4 to the point P0 is the dimension in the longitudinal direction of the fluid lead-out portion 21. It is D.

Further, in the packaging bag 1 with a spout of another embodiment as shown in FIGS. 5 (b) to 5 (e), the inner edge of the regulation seal portion S2 (S21, S2) is formed from a straight line and / or a curved line. The regulation seal portion 21 is formed with a protruding portion S20 protruding toward the axis L of the spout 3. At the inner edge of the regulation seal portion S2, the dimensions between the inner edges of the regulation seal portions S2 facing each other are the smallest, and the positions farthest from the spout 3 in the longitudinal direction are points P1 and P2. Further, the intersection of the straight line connecting the P1 point and the P2 point and the axis L is the P0 point. In this case, the dimension between the points P1 and P2 is the dimension C in the width direction of the fluid lead-out portion 21, and the dimension in the longitudinal direction from the inner edge of the top seal portion S4 to the point P0 is the dimension in the longitudinal direction of the fluid lead-out portion 21. It is D.

Further, in the packaging bag 1 with a spout of another embodiment as shown in FIG. 5 (f), the dimension between the inner edges of the regulation seal portions S2 (S21, S2) gradually narrows toward the spout 3. It is locked so as to. On the inner edge of the regulation seal portion S2, the positions farthest from the spout 3 in the longitudinal direction are points P1 and P2. Further, the intersection of the straight line connecting the P1 point and the P2 point and the axis L is the P0 point. In this case, the dimension between the points P1 and P2 is the dimension C in the width direction of the fluid lead-out portion 21, and the dimension in the longitudinal direction from the inner edge of the top seal portion S4 to the point P0 is the dimension in the longitudinal direction of the fluid lead-out portion 21. It is D.

In each of the above embodiments, the bag body 2 is formed by heat-welding the entire outer peripheral edges of the pair of front films 2a and back films 2b, but one film is folded into a mountain and a fold line is formed. It may be a film having a structure in which a part of a pair of front film and back film is heat-sealed, such as a film having a bottom portion and heat-sealing the remaining three sides.

Further, although the bag body 2 has been described as a flat pouch having no gusset, it may be a side gusset pouch having a gusset on the side or a standing pouch having a gusset on the bottom.

Further, although the spout 3 is provided with the seal member 39 and the fluid is discharged by using the fluid discharge needle, the spout 3 may have another structure.

Further, although the front film 2a and the back film 2b are heat-sealed (heat welded), the front film 2a and the back film 2b may be adhered by another method.

Next, examples according to the present invention will be described.

A packaging bag 1 with a spout having a shape as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was produced. The present packaging bag 1 is composed of a bag body 2 having an outer dimension of 134 mm in width and a total length of 340 mm, and a spout 3 having a thickness A of 9 mm and a width B of 16 mm of a spout seal portion 33 is heat-sealed and attached. Further, the dimension W between the inner edges of the side edge sealing portion S1 was set to 124 mm, and the test was conducted while changing the dimension C in the width direction of the fluid out-licensing portion 21 and the dimension D in the longitudinal direction of the fluid out-licensing portion 21, respectively. The residual liquid amount measurement point P was arranged on the extension line of the axis L of the spout 3, and was set at a position 44 mm from the inner edge of the top seal portion S4. The dimension from the inner edge of the top seal portion S4 to the residual liquid amount measuring point P arranged on the extension line of the axis L of the spout 3 is 3.0 A ≦, assuming that the thickness of the spout seal portion 33 is A (mm). It is preferable that P ≦ 9.0A.

<Film composition>
The film structure consists of a polyethylene terephthalate film (thickness 12 μm) as the outermost layer, an aluminum foil (thickness 7 μm) and a polyamide film (thickness 15 μm) as the intermediate layer, and a linear low-density polyethylene film (thickness 150 μm) as the innermost layer. The prepared film was used.

<Residual liquid amount measurement test>
Each packaging bag 1 with a spout is filled with 500 mL of water, and with the spout 3 side tilted downward by 10 degrees, water is sucked and discharged using a fluid discharge needle, and the residual liquid amount measurement point P The thickness of the bag body 2 was measured, and the amount of residual liquid at the time when the thickness of the bag body 2 at the residual liquid amount measurement point P reached 10.5 mm was measured. The thickness at the residual liquid amount measurement point P of the bag body 2 is obtained from the displacement amount of the detection needle in contact with the bag body 2, and the evaluation result is shown in FIG.

In the evaluation result of FIG. 8, A is the thickness of the heat-sealed portion of the spout 3 (mouth plug seal portion 33) in the bag body 2, and C is the width direction orthogonal to the axis of the spout 3 in the fluid lead-out portion 21. The dimension D indicates the dimension in the longitudinal direction parallel to the axis of the spout 3 in the fluid lead-out portion 21, and W indicates the dimension between the inner edges of the outer peripheral edge portion of the bag body 2.

As shown in FIG. 8, 3.0 <C / A <10.0 (preferably 3.1 ≦ C / A ≦ 9.8), 2.5 <D / A, and C <W. At this time, it was confirmed that the residual liquid amount was 50 mL or less (10% or less) and the residual liquid amount of the fluid was reduced.

Further, preferably, when 3.5 ≦ C / A ≦ 9.0, 3.0 ≦ D / A, and C <W, the residual liquid amount becomes 30 mL or less (6% or less), and the fluid It was confirmed that the amount of residual liquid was stably reduced.

Further, more preferably, when 5.0 ≦ C / A ≦ 8.0, 3.5 ≦ D / A, and C <W, the residual liquid amount becomes 10 mL or less (2% or less), and the fluid It was confirmed that the amount of residual liquid in the water was reduced more stably.

On the other hand, when C / A ≦ 3.0, the dimension C in the width direction of the fluid outlet portion is larger than the thickness A of the heat-sealed portion of the spout 3 (slip seal portion 33) in the bag body 2. It is probable that the fluid lead-out portion 21 could not sufficiently swell in the thickness direction of the bag body 2 due to its small size, and the measurement accuracy of the residual liquid amount of the fluid was lowered.

Further, when C / A ≥ 10.0, the dimension C in the width direction of the fluid outlet portion 21 is larger than the thickness A of the heat-sealed portion of the spout 3 (spout seal portion 33) in the bag body 2. It is probable that the concave portion H was generated due to the movement of the fluid in the fluid lead-out unit 21 in the width direction, and the measurement accuracy of the residual liquid amount of the fluid was lowered.

Further, when D / A ≦ 2.5, the dimension D in the longitudinal direction of the fluid outlet portion 21 is smaller than the thickness A of the heat-sealed portion of the spout 3 (spout seal portion 33) in the bag body 2. It is probable that the measurement accuracy of the residual liquid amount of the fluid was lowered because the fluid moved to the region of the intermediate seal portion S3 and the side edge seal portion S1.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the drawings, the present invention is not limited to those of the illustrated embodiments. Various modifications and modifications can be made to the illustrated embodiment within the same range as the present invention or within the same range.

1 ... Packaging bag with spout 2 ... Bag body 2
2a ... Front film 2b ... Back film 21 ... Fluid lead-out part 3 ... Spout S1 ... Side edge seal part S2 ... Regulation seal part S21 ... First regulation seal part S2 ... Second regulation seal part S3 ... Intermediate seal part S4 ... Top seal part S5 ... Bottom seal part

Claims (2)

A packaging bag with a spout, which includes a bag having a flexible front film and a back film, and a spout provided so as to be sandwiched between the front film and the back film at a part of the outer peripheral edge of the bag. And
By adhering the front film and the back film on both sides of the axis of the spout in the bag body, a narrow fluid outlet portion is formed in the vicinity of the spout inside the bag body.
The fluid derivation unit
3.5 ≤ C / A ≤ 9.0
3.0 <D / A
C <W
A: Thickness of the adhesive portion of the spout in the bag body C: Width direction perpendicular to the axis of the spout at the fluid outlet D: Longitudinal dimension parallel to the axis of the spout at the fluid outlet W: Bag A packaging bag with a spout, which satisfies the relational expression of the dimensions between the inner edges of the outer peripheral edge of the bag. The fluid derivation unit
5.0 ≤ C / A ≤ 8.0
3.5 <D / A
C <W
The packaging bag with a spout according to claim 1, which satisfies the relational expression of.

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