JP6844045B2 - 組換え単純ヘルペスウィルス2(hsv−2)ワクチンベクター - Google Patents
組換え単純ヘルペスウィルス2(hsv−2)ワクチンベクター Download PDFInfo
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- JP6844045B2 JP6844045B2 JP2020009043A JP2020009043A JP6844045B2 JP 6844045 B2 JP6844045 B2 JP 6844045B2 JP 2020009043 A JP2020009043 A JP 2020009043A JP 2020009043 A JP2020009043 A JP 2020009043A JP 6844045 B2 JP6844045 B2 JP 6844045B2
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Description
本出願は、2014年3月3日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/946965号明細書、および2014年11月17日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/080663号明細書の利益を主張する。各出願の内容は、引用を以て本明細書中に組み込まれる。
本発明は、国立衛生研究所(National Institutes of Health)によって授与された認可番号AI−061679およびAI−51519の下に、政府支援を受けてなされた。政府は、本発明において、一定の権利を有する。
MGRLTSGVGTAALLVVAVGLRVVCAKYALADPSLKMADPNRFRGKNLPVLDQLTDPPGVKRVYHIQPSLEDPFQPPSIPITVYYAVLERACRSVLLHAPSEAPQIVRGASDEARKHTYNLTIAWYRMGDNCAIPITVMEYTECPYNKSLGVCPIRTQPRWSYYDSFSAVSEDNLGFLMHAPAFETAGTYLRLVKINDWTEITQFILEHRARASCKYALPLRIPPAACLTSKAYQQGVTVDSIGMLPRFIPENQRTVALYSLKIAGWHGPKPPYTSTLLPPELSDTTNATQPELVPEDPEDSALLEDPAGTVSSQIPPNWHIPSIQDVAPHHAPAAPSNPGLIIGALAGSTLAVLVIGGIAFWVRRRAQMAPKRLRLPHIRDDDAPPSHQPLFY(HSV−2参照株HG52)。
MGGAAARLGAVILFVVIVGLHGVRGKYALADASLKMADPNRFRGKDLPVLDQLTDPPGVRRVYHIQAGLPDPFQPPSLPITVYYAVLERACRSVLLNAPSEAPQIVRGASEDVRKQPYNLTIAWFRMGGNCAIPITVMEYTECSYNKSLGACPIRTQPRWNYYDSFSAVSEDNLGFLMHAPAFETAGTYLRLVKINDWTEITQFILEHRAKGSCKYALPLRIPPSACLSPQAYQQGVTVDSIGMLPRFIPENQRTVAVYSLKIAGWHGPKAPYTSTLLPPELSETPNATQPELAPEDPEDSALLEDPVGTVAPQIPPNWHIPSIQDAATPYHPPATPNNMGLIAGAVGGSLLAALVICGIVYWMRRRTQKAPKRIRLPHIREDDQPSSHQPLFY(HSV−1参照株F)。
また、ゲノム中の単純ヘルペスウィルス−2(HSV−2)糖タンパク質D−コード遺伝子が欠失しており、さらに病原体の異質抗原を含む単離組換えHSV−2が提供される。ある実施形態において、異質抗原は、タンパク質、ペプチド、ポリペプチド、または糖タンパク質である。ある実施形態において、異質抗原は、HSV−2に関する異質抗原であるが、関連する「病原体」に見られる抗原である。ウィルス病原体および細菌病原体が、本明細書中に記載される。ある実施形態において、病原体は、哺乳類の細菌病原体または哺乳類のウィルス病原体である。ある実施形態において、抗原、または病原体をコードするトランスジーンは、病原体から実際にとられることはない、または物理的に取り出されないが、それでもやはり、病原体抗原またはコードする核酸配列と同じ配列を有する。ある実施形態において、単離組換えHSV−2は、その脂質二重層上に病原体の異質抗原を含む。単離組換えHSV−2のある実施形態において、病原体は、細菌またはウィルスである。ある実施形態において、病原体は、哺乳類の寄生体である。ある実施形態において、HSV−2糖タンパク質D−コード遺伝子は、HSV−2 US6遺伝子である。単離組換えHSV−2のある実施形態において、異質抗原は、組換えHSV−2のゲノム中に挿入されたトランスジーンによってコードされる。
本明細書中で、遺伝子操作した、HSV−2のgD(US6)遺伝子の欠失変異体を開示し、その安全性、免疫原性、およびワクチンの有効性を、マウス感染モデルにおける膣内HSV−2チャレンジに照らして評価した。gD遺伝子を、緑色蛍光タンパク質(gfp)をコードするDNAフラグメントと置き換えて、HSV−1 gDを発現するVero細胞(VD60細胞)をこの構築体でトランスフェクトして、緑色プラークを形成する相同組換えウィルスに関してスクリーニングした。分子分析により、正確な組換えが操作されたことが明らかとなった。これは、補完VD60細胞において高い力価となるように複製するが、非補完細胞で増殖した場合には非感染性である。野生型マウスまたはSCIDマウスの、107pfu/マウスの補完gD−ヌルウィルス(本明細書中で、遺伝子型的にgDが欠失しているが、VD60細胞上での増殖によって表現型的に補完されているウィルスについて、HSV−2 ΔgD−/+と表す)による膣内チャレンジは、病原性を明らかにしなかったが、104pfu/マウスほどに低い用量の親の野生型ウィルスでは、100%致死であった。さらに、HSV−2 ΔgD−/+によるマウスの免疫化は、HSV−2の臨床単離体による膣内チャレンジに対して完全な防御をもたらした。HSV−2 ΔgD−/+によって誘発したロバストな体液性免疫および細胞性免疫を測定して、gDが、in vivo増殖性感染に必要であること、そして必須の糖タンパク質において欠失した弱毒化株が、HSV−2に対して防御免疫を誘発することが結論される。ゆえに、HSV−2 ΔgD−/+は、性器ヘルペスの予防または処置に有望なワクチンである。
世界保健機構(World Health Organization)は、5億を超える人々が世界中で単純ヘルペスウィルス2型(HSV−2)に感染し、毎年おおよそ2000万の新しい症例を伴うと推定した[1]。感染リスクは年齢と共に増大する。ウィルスは頻度の高い亜臨床的再活性または臨床的再活性により潜在性を確立するので、感染の影響は生涯にわたる。憂慮すべきことに、HSV−2は、HIVの感染および伝染の危険を著しく増大させる[2〜4]。HSV−2の蔓延は、世界地域間で異なり、日本の8.4%から、HIV蔓延がエピデミックな地域であるサハラ以南のアフリカの70%にまで変動する([5、6])。米国において、HSV−2の蔓延は約16%であり、HSV−1の蔓延は約54%に下落した。米国(および他の欧州の国)におけるHSV−1の蔓延の減少は、性器ヘルペス疾患の大部分の症例がHSV−1によって引き起こされた、最近の予想外の糖タンパク質D(gD)サブユニットワクチン試験の結果[7〜9]によって明示されるように、性器HSV−1の増大と関連がある。HSV−1が、HSV−2と比較して、より少ない再発、およびより少ない性器ウィルス排出を伴う一方、双方の血清型が周産期に伝染して、新生児疾患を引き起こす;新生児疾患は、アシクロビル処置によってすら、高い罹患率および死亡率を伴う[10〜12]。性器ヘルペスを伴う罹患率、HIVエピデミックとの相乗効果、およびその直接的な医学コスト(米国だけで5億ドルを越える)は、安全かつ有効なワクチンを開発する緊急事態を強調している[13]。
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Claims (10)
- ゲノム中の単純ヘルペスウィルス−2(HSV−2)Us6遺伝子が欠失し、かつ、脂質二重層上に単純ヘルペスウィルス−1(HSV−1)糖タンパク質Dである表面糖タンパク質を含む組換えHSV−2、又はそのビリオンを含む、対象においてHSV−2感染若しくはHSV−1感染を予防する、または対象においてHSV−2もしくはHSV−1感染によって引き起こされる疾患を予防するためのワクチン又は医薬組成物。
- ゲノム中の単純ヘルペスウィルス−2(HSV−2)Us6遺伝子が欠失し、かつ、脂質二重層上に単純ヘルペスウィルス−1(HSV−1)糖タンパク質Dである表面糖タンパク質を含む組換えHSV−2、又はそのビリオンを含む、対象においてHSV−2およびHSV−1の重感染を治療もしくは予防する、または対象においてHSV−2およびHSV−1の重感染によって引き起こされる疾患を治療もしくは予防するためのワクチン又は医薬組成物。
- 前記組換えHSV−2がその脂質二重層上に非HSV−2ウィルス表面糖タンパク質を含む、請求項1又は2に記載のワクチン又は医薬組成物。
- 前記表面糖タンパク質は、前記組換えHSV−2の前記ゲノム中に挿入されたトランスジーンによってコードされる、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン又は医薬組成物。
- 前記表面糖タンパク質は、脂質二重層上に存在するが、これは、細胞を、HSV−2糖タンパク質D−コード遺伝子が欠失した組換えHSV−2で感染させて、前記細胞がトランスフェクトされて、その細胞膜上に前記表面糖タンパク質を発現し、脂質二重層上に存在する前記表面糖タンパク質を含む前記組換えHSV−2が、前記細胞から産生されることによるものである、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン又は医薬組成物。
- 対象においてHSV−2感染を予防する、または対象においてHSV−2感染によって引き起こされる疾患を予防するための、請求項1、3〜5のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン又は医薬組成物。
- HSV−2感染によって引き起こされる前記疾患は、性器潰瘍を含む、請求項6に記載の、ワクチン又は医薬組成物。
- 対象にHSV−1感染のワクチン接種をするための、請求項1、3〜6のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
- 対象においてHSV−2およびHSV−1の重感染を予防する、または対象においてHSV−2およびHSV−1の重感染によって引き起こされる疾患を予防するための、請求項2〜5のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン又は医薬組成物。
- 対象にHSV−2およびHSV−1の重感染のワクチン接種をするための、請求項2〜5のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
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