JP6842390B2 - Fiber base material for placing concrete, etc. - Google Patents
Fiber base material for placing concrete, etc. Download PDFInfo
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- JP6842390B2 JP6842390B2 JP2017170508A JP2017170508A JP6842390B2 JP 6842390 B2 JP6842390 B2 JP 6842390B2 JP 2017170508 A JP2017170508 A JP 2017170508A JP 2017170508 A JP2017170508 A JP 2017170508A JP 6842390 B2 JP6842390 B2 JP 6842390B2
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Description
本発明は、コンクリート等すなわちコンクリート、モルタル、グラウト等（以下「コンクリート等」ともいう）打設用繊維基材に関する。 The present invention relates to concrete or the like, that is, a fiber base material for placing concrete, mortar, grout or the like (hereinafter, also referred to as “concrete or the like”).
コンクリート等打設の際、生コンクリート等すなわち未固結コンクリート、未固結モルタル、未固結グラウト等（以下「生コンクリート等」ともいう）を注入する空間の頂部や側部に閉鎖空間が生ずると空気溜まりが発生する可能性がある。この空気溜まりの空気を抜かないと生コンクリート等は充填できず、欠陥となる問題がある。従来は空気抜きのためにパイプを配管し、最終的にパイプにグラウト（ｇｒｏｕｔ）を充填していた。グラウトとは空隙を埋めるためのセメントモルタル、ガラス系注入材、合成樹脂などの流動性液体のことである。しかし、パイプによる空気抜きは次のような問題がある。
（１）パイプの配管に手間とコストがかかる。
（２）パイプは異物であり、被り不足のため応力集中などの影響を受ける。
（３）グラウト充填の管理が困難である。
（４）効率よく空気抜きできない。これは生コンクリート等によって空気抜き孔がすぐに詰まってしまうからである。また、生コンクリート等を注入する空間の頂部は空気が抜けた後、生コンクリート等から分離したブリーディング水が溜まり抜け道がないため、コンクリート等の圧縮強度が低くなるという問題があった。
When placing concrete, etc., a closed space is created at the top or side of the space for injecting ready-mixed concrete, that is, unconsolidated concrete, unconsolidated mortar, unconsolidated grout, etc. (hereinafter also referred to as "ready-consolidated concrete, etc."). And air pools may occur. If the air in the air pool is not evacuated, ready-mixed concrete or the like cannot be filled, which causes a problem of defects. In the past, pipes were laid to vent air, and the pipes were finally filled with grout. Grout is a fluid liquid such as cement mortar, glass-based injection material, and synthetic resin for filling voids. However, bleeding air with a pipe has the following problems.
(1) It takes time and cost to pipe the pipe.
(2) The pipe is a foreign substance and is affected by stress concentration due to insufficient covering.
(3) It is difficult to manage grout filling.
(4) Air cannot be evacuated efficiently. This is because the air vent holes are quickly clogged with ready-mixed concrete or the like. Further, since the top of the space into which the ready-mixed concrete or the like is injected has no passage for bleeding water separated from the ready-mixed concrete or the like after the air is released, there is a problem that the compressive strength of the concrete or the like is lowered.
一方、繊維基材の一つである不織布は従来から土木材料として使用されている。特許文献１にはコンクリート型枠の表面に貼り付けるため、透水層と通気層と排水層を有する不織布が提案されている。特許文献２には多数の微細孔が形成されたフィルムと不織布とを接着した型枠貼付用シートが提案されている。特許文献３には濾過層と通水・透水層を一体化した不織布シートからなる型枠用透水シートが提案されている。特許文献４には、コンクリート施工に用いる型枠に疎水性合成繊維の不織布を貼り付けて、コンクリートの品質向上を図る型枠用吸水・透水用不織布が、提案されている。また、特許文献５にはコンクリート等打設時には閉鎖空間の空気溜まりを効率よく減少ないしは消滅させ、コンクリート等硬化後はコンクリート等に一体化されるコンクリート等打設用繊維基材が提案されている。 On the other hand, non-woven fabric, which is one of the fiber base materials, has been conventionally used as a civil engineering material. Patent Document 1 proposes a non-woven fabric having a water-permeable layer, a ventilation layer, and a drainage layer for sticking to the surface of a concrete formwork. Patent Document 2 proposes a form-attaching sheet in which a film having a large number of micropores formed and a non-woven fabric are adhered to each other. Patent Document 3 proposes a water-permeable sheet for a formwork, which is a non-woven fabric sheet in which a filtration layer and a water-permeable / water-permeable layer are integrated. Patent Document 4 proposes a water-absorbing / water-permeable non-woven fabric for a formwork in which a non-woven fabric of hydrophobic synthetic fiber is attached to a formwork used for concrete construction to improve the quality of concrete. Further, Patent Document 5 proposes a fiber base material for placing concrete or the like, which efficiently reduces or eliminates air pools in a closed space when placing concrete or the like, and is integrated with concrete or the like after hardening of the concrete or the like. ..
しかし、前記特許文献１〜４で提案されている従来品は、いずれも型枠を外した時のコンクリート表面の美装仕上げに関する提案であり、型枠以外の部分の充填性を改良するものではない。また、コンクリート等打設時の閉鎖空間を減少ないし消滅させるには問題があった。また従来品は、不織布内へのコンクリート等の浸入を防止することを目的とした発明であり、コンクリート等と一体化させるには問題があった。また、特許文献５の発明は、繊維基材の一方の面に粘着層を積層しているため、剥離シートが必要であり、剥離シートを剥がした後はそれを回収する作業が必要であった。また、剥離シートを剥がして粘着させると粘着面に砂塵等が付着し、貼り直しができない問題がある。 However, the conventional products proposed in Patent Documents 1 to 4 are all proposals relating to the beautification finish of the concrete surface when the formwork is removed, and do not improve the filling property of the portion other than the formwork. Absent. In addition, there is a problem in reducing or eliminating the closed space when placing concrete or the like. Further, the conventional product is an invention for the purpose of preventing the infiltration of concrete or the like into the non-woven fabric, and there is a problem in integrating with the concrete or the like. Further, in the invention of Patent Document 5, since the adhesive layer is laminated on one surface of the fiber base material, a release sheet is required, and after the release sheet is peeled off, it is necessary to recover the release sheet. .. Further, when the release sheet is peeled off and adhered, there is a problem that dust or the like adheres to the adhesive surface and the adhesive surface cannot be reattached.
本発明は、前記従来の問題を解決するため、剥離シートは不要であり、貼り直しもできるコンクリート等打設用繊維基材を提供する。 In order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, the present invention provides a fiber base material for placing concrete or the like, which does not require a release sheet and can be reattached.
本発明のコンクリート等打設用繊維基材は、繊維母材層の一方の面の少なくともコンクリート等接触面には、水に溶解又は分散が可能な親水性物質層が存在し、前記繊維母材層の他方の面には平滑基材に吸着する吸着層が積層されており、前記吸着層は独立発泡軟質樹脂層の表面発泡部が開口した状態であることを特徴とする。 In the fiber base material for placing concrete or the like of the present invention, a hydrophilic substance layer capable of being dissolved or dispersed in water exists on at least one surface of the fiber base material layer, at least on the contact surface such as concrete, and the fiber base material is said to be present. An adsorption layer that adsorbs to a smooth base material is laminated on the other surface of the layer, and the adsorption layer is characterized in that the surface foamed portion of the independently foamed soft resin layer is open.
本発明のコンクリート等打設用繊維基材は、繊維母材層の他方の面には平滑基材に吸着する吸着層が積層されていることにより、剥離シートは不要であり、貼り直しもできる。吸着層は、独立発泡軟質樹脂層の表面発泡部が開口した状態であり、平滑基材に向けて押圧すると吸着することから、砂塵が付いても簡単に落ちるため、貼り直しもできる。加えて、コンクリート打設面には親水性物質層が存在していることにより、生コンクリート等の打設には閉鎖空間の空気溜りを効率よく減少ないしは消滅させ、その後、前記繊維母材層中をブリーディング水が通り排水され、繊維母材層内には生コンクリート成分等が含浸され、コンクリート等硬化後はそのまま残ってコンクリート等に一体化される効果を奏する。すなわち、コンクリート等打設空間に閉鎖空間が存在しても、生コンクリート等の打設圧力により閉鎖空間の空気は繊維母材層を通じて外部に排出され、空気溜まりは効率よく減少ないしは消滅される。閉鎖空間の空気を排出した後は、繊維母材層中をブリーディング水が通り排水され、その後、繊維母材層内には生コンクリート等の成分が含浸され、コンクリート等硬化後はそのまま残ってコンクリート等に一体化される。このためコンクリート等打設部には欠陥は生じない。さらに、ブリーディング水が排水されることでコンクリート等の圧縮強度が高くなる。 The fiber base material for placing concrete or the like of the present invention does not require a release sheet and can be reattached because an adsorption layer that adsorbs to the smooth base material is laminated on the other surface of the fiber base material layer. .. The adsorption layer is in a state where the surface foamed portion of the independently foamed soft resin layer is open, and when pressed against a smooth base material, it is adsorbed. Therefore, even if dust is attached, it easily falls off and can be reattached. In addition, since the hydrophilic material layer is present on the concrete placing surface, the air pool in the closed space is efficiently reduced or eliminated when placing ready-mixed concrete or the like, and then in the fiber base material layer. The bleeding water is drained, and the fiber base material layer is impregnated with ready-mixed concrete components, etc., which remains as it is after the concrete is hardened and is integrated with the concrete or the like. That is, even if a closed space exists in the casting space such as concrete, the air in the closed space is discharged to the outside through the fiber base material layer due to the casting pressure of ready-mixed concrete or the like, and the air pool is efficiently reduced or extinguished. After the air in the closed space is discharged, the bleeding water passes through the fiber base material layer and is drained. After that, the fiber base material layer is impregnated with components such as ready-mixed concrete, and remains as it is after hardening such as concrete. Etc. are integrated. Therefore, no defect occurs in the concrete casting portion. Furthermore, the drainage of the bleeding water increases the compressive strength of concrete and the like.
本発明の繊維基材は、繊維母材層の一方の面の少なくともコンクリート等接触面には、水に溶解又は分散が可能な親水性物質層が存在し、繊維母材層の他方の面には平滑基材に吸着する吸着層が積層されている。吸着層は、独立発泡軟質樹脂層の表面発泡部が開口した状態であり、平滑基材に向けて押圧すると吸着することから、剥離シートは不要であり、砂塵が付いても簡単に落ちるため、貼り直しもできる。この点が本質的に粘着層とは異なる。 In the fiber base material of the present invention, a hydrophilic substance layer capable of being dissolved or dispersed in water is present on at least one surface of the fiber base material layer, such as concrete, on the other surface of the fiber base material layer. Is laminated with an adsorption layer that adsorbs to a smooth substrate. Since the adsorption layer is in a state where the surface foamed portion of the independently foamed soft resin layer is open and is adsorbed when pressed against a smooth base material, a release sheet is unnecessary and it easily falls off even if dust is attached. You can also re-paste it. This point is essentially different from the adhesive layer.
吸着層は、例えば合成樹脂材料を発泡させ、この発泡体は独立気泡体からなり、かつ表面部の気泡体は外気と連通する開口を有する吸盤構造を形成したものが挙げられる。吸着層の厚さは１〜２ｍｍ程度が好ましい。気泡体の形状は特に制限されるものではなく、円球形状、扁平形状、その他任意の形状であって良く、また気泡体の大きさは、通常１〜１００μｍ程度である。吸着層を構成する樹脂は軟質樹脂が好ましく、アクリル樹脂、エチレン−酢酸ビニル樹脂、ＳＢＲ、ＮＲ等の合成樹脂材料またはゴムを独立発泡させ、吸盤構造を形成したものが好ましい。 As the adsorption layer, for example, a synthetic resin material is foamed, the foam is made of closed cells, and the bubbles on the surface form a suction cup structure having an opening that communicates with the outside air. The thickness of the adsorption layer is preferably about 1 to 2 mm. The shape of the bubble body is not particularly limited, and may be a spherical shape, a flat shape, or any other shape, and the size of the bubble body is usually about 1 to 100 μm. The resin constituting the adsorption layer is preferably a soft resin, preferably an acrylic resin, an ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, a synthetic resin material such as SBR or NR, or a rubber obtained by independently foaming to form a suction cup structure.
本発明の繊維母材層は、少なくともコンクリート等接触面は水に溶解又は分散が可能な親水性物質層が存在していることにより、コンクリート等打設時の閉鎖空間に存在する空気は生コンクリート等の打設による圧力により繊維母材層内を効率よく抜くことができ、その後は前記繊維母材層中をブリーディング水が通り排水される。その後は繊維母材層内に生コンクリート等の成分が浸み込んでコンクリート等に一体化される。これにより、コンクリート等打設時の閉鎖空間の空気溜りを減少ないし消滅させることが出来ると共にブリーディング水が排水されることでコンクリート等の圧縮強度が高くなる。
本発明において、生コンクリート等は未固結コンクリート、未固結モルタル又はグラウト等を意味する。未固結コンクリート、未固結モルタル又はグラウト等の総称として「生コンクリート」ともいう。
In the fiber base material layer of the present invention, at least the contact surface such as concrete has a hydrophilic substance layer that can be dissolved or dispersed in water, so that the air existing in the closed space at the time of placing concrete or the like is ready-mixed concrete. The inside of the fiber base material layer can be efficiently pulled out by the pressure of placing such as, and then the bleeding water passes through the fiber base material layer and is drained. After that, components such as ready-mixed concrete permeate into the fiber base material layer and are integrated with the concrete or the like. As a result, the air pool in the closed space at the time of placing concrete or the like can be reduced or eliminated, and the bleeding water is drained to increase the compressive strength of the concrete or the like.
In the present invention, ready-mixed concrete and the like mean unconsolidated concrete, unconsolidated mortar, grout and the like. It is also called "ready-mixed concrete" as a general term for unconsolidated concrete, unconsolidated mortar, grout, etc.
親水性物質層は、繊維母材層の表面の少なくともコンクリート等接触面に水に溶解又は分散された状態でコーティングされ乾燥された状態で存在しているのが好ましい。親水性物質が水に溶解又は分散された状態で繊維母材層の表面にコーティングされ乾燥された状態で存在していると、生コンクリート等が打設されたとき、再溶解する。この再溶解するまでの間に凹凸部の閉鎖空間の空気は繊維母材層を通じて移動する。その後、親水性物質は生コンクリート等の水分により再溶解し、繊維母材層内に生コンクリート等の成分が浸み込んでコンクリート等に一体化される。親水性物質層は、繊維母材層の全体に含浸されていても良い。 The hydrophilic substance layer is preferably coated on the surface of the fiber base material layer at least on the contact surface such as concrete in a state of being dissolved or dispersed in water and present in a dried state. If the hydrophilic substance is coated on the surface of the fiber base material layer in a state of being dissolved or dispersed in water and exists in a dried state, it will be redissolved when ready-mixed concrete or the like is cast. During this remelting, the air in the closed space of the uneven portion moves through the fiber base material layer. After that, the hydrophilic substance is redissolved by the moisture of the ready-mixed concrete or the like, and the components such as the ready-mixed concrete permeate into the fiber base material layer and are integrated with the concrete or the like. The hydrophilic substance layer may be impregnated in the entire fiber base material layer.
親水性物質は、前記繊維母材層の表面に乾燥状態で１〜１０００ｇ／ｍ2の割合でコーティングするのが好ましい。さらに好ましくは１０〜２００ｇ／ｍ2である。繊維素材にもよるが、コーティング量が１ｇ／ｍ2未満では効率よく空気を抜きにくい。また１０００ｇ／ｍ2を超えると生コンクリート等の成分が浸み込みにくくなる。親水性物質は繊維母材層の表面に存在していればよく、含浸されていても良いし、層状態で存在していても良い。好ましくは繊維母材層の表面に含浸されていることである。この状態は、親水性物質を水に溶解又は分散した状態で繊維母材層表面にコーティングすることにより得られる。 The hydrophilic substance is preferably coated on the surface of the fiber base material layer at a rate of 1 to 1000 g / m 2 in a dry state. More preferably, it is 10 to 200 g / m 2 . Although it depends on the fiber material, it is difficult to efficiently remove air when the coating amount is less than 1 g / m 2. Further, if it exceeds 1000 g / m 2 , it becomes difficult for components such as ready-mixed concrete to permeate. The hydrophilic substance may be present on the surface of the fiber base material layer, may be impregnated, or may be present in a layered state. It is preferably impregnated on the surface of the fiber base material layer. This state is obtained by coating the surface of the fiber base material layer with the hydrophilic substance dissolved or dispersed in water.
親水性物質は水溶性接着剤（糊）が好ましい。一例を挙げると、ポリビニルアルコール（ＰＶＡ）、カルボキシメチルセルロース（ＣＭＣ）、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチル（メタ）アクリレート、ヒドロキシエチルデンプン、酢酸ビニル系化合物、水溶性イソシアネート系化合物、イソブテン・無水マレイン酸共重合樹脂、ポリアクリル酸ソーダ、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンオキサイド、ポリビニルピロリドン、澱粉、糖類、ゼラチン等である。これらの中でも、親水性に優れるポリビニルアルコール系を含む樹脂を好適に使用することができる。なお、樹脂の状態としては、例えば、エマルジョン、ラテックス、サスペンジョン、溶液などであることができる。なお、コーティングに適した粘度に調整する為にアンモニアなどによるアルカリ増粘、アクリル系、ＣＭＣ系などの増粘剤を添加することも好ましい。なお、樹脂溶出を効果的に抑えるために、架橋剤（例えば、メラミン系、オキサゾリン系、イソシアネート系等）を樹脂に添加することができる。架橋剤以外にも、生コンクリート等との接触性を良好にするために、界面活性剤を添加することもできる。更に、撥油剤、浸透剤などの機能性薬剤を樹脂に添加することができる。 The hydrophilic substance is preferably a water-soluble adhesive (glue). For example, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyethyl starch, vinyl acetate compound, water-soluble isocyanate compound, isobutene / maleic anhydride copolymer resin. , Polyacrylate sodium, polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, starch, saccharides, gelatin and the like. Among these, a resin containing a polyvinyl alcohol system having excellent hydrophilicity can be preferably used. The state of the resin may be, for example, an emulsion, latex, suspension, solution or the like. It is also preferable to add an alkaline thickener such as ammonia, an acrylic thickener, or a CMC thickener in order to adjust the viscosity to be suitable for coating. A cross-linking agent (for example, melamine-based, oxazoline-based, isocyanate-based, etc.) can be added to the resin in order to effectively suppress resin elution. In addition to the cross-linking agent, a surfactant can be added in order to improve the contact with ready-mixed concrete and the like. Further, functional agents such as an oil repellent and a penetrant can be added to the resin.
前記機能を発揮させるため、一つの試験方法として空気抜き試験を採用できる。この試験は、繊維母材層を幅５０ｍｍの帯状テープ２枚をいずれかの位置で積層一体化し、小容器の内外面に沿ってＵ字形に配置し、大容器に入れた生コンクリートに前記小容器を逆にして被せ、振動を与えながら前記小容器を押し込んだときの前記小容器内の空気の減少量が９９％以上であることが好ましい。この測定により、小容器内の空気がほぼ完全に抜けることが確認できる。前記試験方法において小容器内の空気の減少量が９９％未満では閉鎖空間の空気溜まりが残存する恐れがある。この試験方法は実施例において具体的に説明する。 In order to exert the above functions, an air bleeding test can be adopted as one test method. In this test, two strip-shaped tapes with a width of 50 mm were laminated and integrated at any position, and the fiber base material layer was arranged in a U shape along the inner and outer surfaces of the small container, and the small size was placed on the ready-mixed concrete placed in the large container. It is preferable that the amount of air in the small container is reduced by 99% or more when the container is covered upside down and the small container is pushed in while applying vibration. By this measurement, it can be confirmed that the air in the small container is almost completely released. In the test method, if the amount of air reduced in the small container is less than 99%, an air pool in the closed space may remain. This test method will be specifically described in Examples.
本発明の繊維母材層を構成する繊維はいかなる繊維であっても良い。具体的には、ポリ塩化ビニル繊維、ポリ塩化ビニリデン繊維、モダアクリル繊維、ポリエステル繊維、全芳香族ポリエステル繊維、アクリル繊維、全芳香族ポリアミド繊維、ポリアミド繊維、ビニロン繊維、ポリエチレン繊維、ポリプロピレン繊維、ポリスチレン繊維、ポリウレタン繊維、ポリ乳酸、ノボロイド繊維、ポリフェニレンサルファイド繊維、ポリアリレート繊維、ポリベンズオキサゾール（ＰＢＯ）繊維、ポリケトン繊維、およびポリイミド繊維、ポリアミドイミド繊維、羊毛繊維、綿繊維、麻繊維、セルロース繊維、パルプ繊維等の有機繊維、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維、アルミナ繊維、セラミック繊維、アスベ スト繊維、玄武岩繊維等の無機繊維、ステンレス、スチールなどの金属繊維を挙げることができるが、コンクリートのアルカリにも耐えられる繊維が好ましい。具体的にはビニロン繊維、ポリプロピレン繊維、アクリル系繊維、及び炭素繊維から選ばれる少なくとも一つの繊維が好ましい。これらの繊維はコンクリート補強繊維としてよく知られているものもある。例えばビニロン繊維及びポリプロピレン繊維はチョップ(短繊維)としてプレキャストコンクリートに混合している。 The fiber constituting the fiber base material layer of the present invention may be any fiber. Specifically, polyvinyl chloride fiber, polyvinylidene chloride fiber, moda acrylic fiber, polyester fiber, total aromatic polyester fiber, acrylic fiber, total aromatic polyamide fiber, polyamide fiber, vinylon fiber, polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber, polystyrene fiber. , Polyurethane fiber, polylactic acid, novoloid fiber, polyphenylene sulfide fiber, polyallylate fiber, polybenzoxazole (PBO) fiber, polyketone fiber, and polyimide fiber, polyamideimide fiber, wool fiber, cotton fiber, hemp fiber, cellulose fiber, pulp Organic fibers such as fibers, carbon fibers, glass fibers, alumina fibers, ceramic fibers, asbestos fibers, inorganic fibers such as genbuiwa fibers, and metal fibers such as stainless steel and steel can be mentioned, but they can withstand alkali in concrete. Fiber is preferred. Specifically, at least one fiber selected from vinylon fiber, polypropylene fiber, acrylic fiber, and carbon fiber is preferable. Some of these fibers are well known as concrete reinforcing fibers. For example, vinylon fiber and polypropylene fiber are mixed with precast concrete as chops (short fibers).
本発明の繊維母材層は、水分環境下に曝される場合は撥水処理を施しておいてもよい。撥水処理する場合はフッ素系撥水剤、シリコーン系撥水剤などがあり、いずれでもよいが、フッ素系撥水処理加工は撥水性が高く好ましい。撥水性はコンクリート等打設時に必要であり、洗濯耐久性などは要求されない。撥水処理は親水性物質をコーティングする前にしておくのが好ましい。 The fiber base material layer of the present invention may be subjected to a water repellent treatment when exposed to a moisture environment. When the water-repellent treatment is performed, there are a fluorine-based water repellent, a silicone-based water repellent, and the like, and any of them may be used. Water repellency is required when placing concrete, etc., and washing durability is not required. The water repellent treatment is preferably performed before coating the hydrophilic substance.
前記繊維の好ましい繊度は１〜１００ｄｅｃｉ ｔｅｘであり、さらに好ましくは３〜５０ｄｅｃｉ ｔｅｘであり、とくに好ましくは５〜３０ｄｅｃｉ ｔｅｘである。繊度が前記の範囲であれば腰があり、コンクリート等打設時にも好ましい通気度を維持できる。 The fineness of the fiber is preferably 1 to 100 deci tex, more preferably 3 to 50 deci tex, and particularly preferably 5 to 30 deci tex. If the fineness is within the above range, it is elastic and can maintain a favorable air permeability even when placing concrete or the like.
本発明の繊維母材層で閉鎖空間に存在する空気を効率よく抜きながら、生コンクリート等と一体化する機能は、繊維母材層を構成する繊維の平均繊維径から理論計算した理論平均細孔径とよく一致する。理論平均細孔径の計算は、Ｗｒｏｔｎｏｗｓｋｙの式によると、繊維母材層の平均細孔径Ｄｐは、繊維母材層を構成している繊維の平均繊維径、繊維単体の密度、繊維母材層の密度が判れば、次式により計算できる。 The function of the fiber base material layer of the present invention to efficiently remove air existing in a closed space and integrate it with ready-mixed concrete or the like is a theoretical average pore size theoretically calculated from the average fiber diameter of the fibers constituting the fiber base material layer. Matches well with. According to the Wrotnowsky formula, the average pore size Dp of the fiber base material layer is the average fiber diameter of the fibers constituting the fiber base material layer, the density of the fiber alone, and the fiber base material layer. Once the density is known, it can be calculated by the following formula.
ｆｄ：平均繊維径（μｍ）
ρf：繊維単体の密度（ｇ／ｃｍ3）
ρs：繊維母材層の密度（ｇ／ｃｍ3）
fd: average fiber diameter (μm)
ρf: Density of elemental fiber (g / cm 3 )
ρs: Density of fiber base material layer (g / cm 3 )
閉鎖空間に存在する空気やブリーディング水を効率よく抜きながら、生コンクリート等と一体化する機能を発揮するのに好ましい理論平均細孔径は１０μｍ以上、５００μｍ未満である。さらに好ましくは５０〜２００μｍであり、とくに好ましくは７０〜１５０μｍである。理論細孔径が、３０μｍ未満では、空気溜りの空気やブリーディング水を抜く機能は有するが、生コンクリート等が滲み込んで一体化しない傾向となる。一方、５００μｍより大きくなると、生コンクリート等が早く滲み込んで一体化する機能は有するが、空気溜まりの空気が抜けるよりも早く生コンクリート等が繊維母材層内に滲み込むため、通気性がなくなり空気を効率よく抜くことができない傾向となる。 The theoretical average pore diameter, which is preferable for exhibiting the function of integrating with ready-mixed concrete or the like while efficiently removing air and bleeding water existing in the closed space, is 10 μm or more and less than 500 μm. It is more preferably 50 to 200 μm, and particularly preferably 70 to 150 μm. If the theoretical pore diameter is less than 30 μm, it has a function of draining air from the air pool and bleeding water, but ready-mixed concrete and the like tend to permeate and not integrate. On the other hand, when the size is larger than 500 μm, the ready-mixed concrete or the like has a function of quickly infiltrating and integrating, but the ready-mixed concrete or the like seeps into the fiber base material layer earlier than the air in the air pool is released, so that the air permeability is lost. There is a tendency that air cannot be evacuated efficiently.
前記繊維母材層のいずれかの部分には補強層（基布又はスクリムともいう）が一体化されていてもよい。補強層を一体化すると寸法安定性が向上し、貼り付け工事の際の取扱い性が良好となる。補強層は繊維母材層の表層に配置しても良いし、内部に配置しても良い。表層に配置する場合は、壁面側に配置し、補強層の外側に吸着層を配置することもできる。補強層は織物、編み物、スパンボンド不織布、ネット、樹脂層などいかなる層であっても良い。補強層の素材も前記繊維母材層と同様なものを使用できる。 A reinforcing layer (also referred to as a base cloth or a scrim) may be integrated with any portion of the fiber base material layer. When the reinforcing layer is integrated, the dimensional stability is improved and the handleability at the time of pasting work is improved. The reinforcing layer may be arranged on the surface layer of the fiber base material layer or may be arranged inside. When it is arranged on the surface layer, it may be arranged on the wall surface side and the adsorption layer may be arranged on the outside of the reinforcing layer. The reinforcing layer may be any layer such as a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a spunbonded non-woven fabric, a net, and a resin layer. As the material of the reinforcing layer, the same material as that of the fiber base material layer can be used.
前記繊維母材層の単位面積当たりの重量（目付）は５０〜３０００ｇ／ｍ2の範囲が好ましい。さらに好ましい目付は１００〜２０００ｇ／ｍ2であり、とくに好ましくは２００〜１０００ｇ／ｍ2である。目付が前記の範囲であれば、コンクリート等打設時には閉鎖空間の空気溜まりを効率よく減少ないしは消滅でき、打設後はコンクリート等に一体化される効果も期待できる。 The weight (weight) per unit area of the fiber base material layer is preferably in the range of 50 to 3000 g / m 2. A more preferable basis weight is 100 to 2000 g / m 2 , and a particularly preferable weight is 200 to 1000 g / m 2 . If the basis weight is within the above range, the air pool in the closed space can be efficiently reduced or eliminated at the time of placing concrete or the like, and the effect of being integrated with the concrete or the like after the placement can be expected.
前記繊維基材は帯状シート(テープ)が好ましい。厚さは５．３ｇ／ｃｍ2の荷重を掛けたときに０．１〜２０ｍｍが好ましく、さらに好ましくは０．５〜１５ｍｍ、とくに好ましくは２〜８ｍｍである。幅は５〜２００ｍｍが好ましく、さらに好ましくは１０〜１５０ｍｍ、とくに好ましくは２０〜１００ｍｍである。前記帯状シート（長尺状シート）はテープのように巻かれた状態が好ましい。テープ巻きしておくと現場で施工する際にも取扱いが便利である。 The fiber base material is preferably a strip-shaped sheet (tape). The thickness is preferably 0.1 to 20 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 15 mm, and particularly preferably 2 to 8 mm when a load of 5.3 g / cm 2 is applied. The width is preferably 5 to 200 mm, more preferably 10 to 150 mm, and particularly preferably 20 to 100 mm. The strip-shaped sheet (long sheet) is preferably wound like a tape. Wrapping the tape makes it convenient to handle even when constructing on-site.
前記繊維母材層は、コスト面から不織布が好ましい。不織布はいかなるものであってもよく、カードウェブ、エアレイ、湿式、スパンボンド、フラッシュ紡糸、メルトブロー、ケミカルボンド、サーマルボンド、ニードルパンチ、ウォータージェット、ステッチボンド法又はこれらの方法を任意に組み合わせた方法による不織布を使用できる。 The fiber base material layer is preferably a non-woven fabric from the viewpoint of cost. The non-woven fabric may be any non-woven fabric, such as card web, air array, wet, spun bond, flash spinning, melt blow, chemical bond, thermal bond, needle punch, water jet, stitch bond method, or any combination of these methods. Non-woven fabric can be used.
繊維母材層は帯状テープとし、生コンクリートの圧力方向に複数列配列するとともに、前記複数列配列した帯状テープと交差する方向に１列以上の帯状テープを配列することが好ましい。このようにすると空気やブリーディング水通路のバイパス回路が形成され、生コンクリートの圧力方向に複数列配列した繊維母材層のいずれかの列が何らかの障害ができた場合でも、バイパス回路により空気やブリーディング水を抜くことができる。交差角は任意に選択できるが、好ましくは直交（９０°）である。 It is preferable that the fiber base material layer is a strip-shaped tape, and a plurality of rows of strip-shaped tapes are arranged in the pressure direction of the ready-mixed concrete, and one or more rows of strip-shaped tapes are arranged in a direction intersecting the strip-shaped tapes arranged in the plurality of rows. In this way, a bypass circuit for the air or bleeding water passage is formed, and even if any row of the fibrous base metal layers arranged in multiple rows in the pressure direction of the ready-mixed concrete is damaged, the bypass circuit causes air or bleeding. You can drain the water. The crossing angle can be arbitrarily selected, but is preferably orthogonal (90 °).
次に図面を用いて説明する。下記の図面において同一符号は同一物を示す。図１Ａは本発明の一実施態様の吸着層の平面図、図１Ｂは同断面図である。吸着層１は、例えば合成樹脂材料を発泡させ、この発泡体は独立気泡体３を含み、かつ表面部の気泡体は外気と連通する開口を有する吸盤構造２が形成されている。吸着層１の吸盤構造２を樹脂シート等の平滑基材に向けて押圧すると吸着する。剥離シートは不要であり、砂塵が付いても簡単に落ちるため、貼り直しもできる。 Next, it will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings below, the same reference numerals indicate the same products. FIG. 1A is a plan view of an adsorption layer according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the same. The adsorption layer 1 is formed by, for example, foaming a synthetic resin material, and the foam contains a closed cell 3, and the cell on the surface has a suction cup structure 2 having an opening that communicates with the outside air. When the suction cup structure 2 of the adsorption layer 1 is pressed against a smooth base material such as a resin sheet, it is adsorbed. A release sheet is not required, and even if it gets dusty, it can be easily removed, so it can be reattached.
図２Ａは、同、繊維基材１０の断面図である。この繊維基材１０の繊維母材６は、不織布層４ａ，４ｂとその内部に補強層（スクリム）５が一体化されて形成されている。一体化する方法は厚さ方向のニードルパンチ、水流交絡、溶融孔、熱ラミネート、接着材による加工などがある。繊維母材６の一方の面（不織布層４ａの表面）には吸着材層１が形成されている。吸着材層１は、繊維母材６の表面に軟質発泡樹脂をコーティングして発泡させることにより塗工できる。繊維母材６の他方の面（不織布層４ｂの表面）には親水性物質層７が形成されている。親水性物質層７は一例としてポリビニルアルコール水溶液を繊維母材６の表面にコーティングすることにより形成できる。 FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of the fiber base material 10. The fiber base material 6 of the fiber base material 10 is formed by integrating the non-woven fabric layers 4a and 4b and the reinforcing layer (scrim) 5 inside the non-woven fabric layers 4a and 4b. The method of integration includes needle punching in the thickness direction, water flow confounding, fusion holes, thermal laminating, and processing with an adhesive. The adsorbent layer 1 is formed on one surface of the fiber base material 6 (the surface of the non-woven fabric layer 4a). The adsorbent layer 1 can be applied by coating the surface of the fiber base material 6 with a soft foamed resin and foaming it. A hydrophilic substance layer 7 is formed on the other surface of the fiber base material 6 (the surface of the non-woven fabric layer 4b). The hydrophilic substance layer 7 can be formed by coating the surface of the fiber base material 6 with an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution as an example.
図２Ｂはさらに別の実施形態の繊維基材９であり、吸着材層１に開孔部８が形成されている例である。開孔部８があると、コンクリート等打設した後、コンクリート成分が繊維母材層６を通過し、開孔部８まで侵入できる。開孔部８は繊維母材６の表面に軟質発泡樹脂をコーティングした後にエンボスローラ等により形成できる。図２Ｃは同繊維基材１０の帯状テープ巻きの模式的斜視図である。トンネル施工時には帯状テープ巻きの状態で使用する。 FIG. 2B shows the fiber base material 9 of yet another embodiment, and is an example in which the perforated portion 8 is formed in the adsorbent layer 1. If there is an opening portion 8, the concrete component can pass through the fiber base material layer 6 and penetrate to the opening portion 8 after the concrete or the like is cast. The opening portion 8 can be formed by coating the surface of the fiber base material 6 with a soft foamed resin and then using an embossing roller or the like. FIG. 2C is a schematic perspective view of the fiber base material 10 wound with a strip-shaped tape. When constructing a tunnel, use it with a strip of tape wrapped around it.
図３Ａは本発明の一実施形態のトンネル頂部のコンクリート等打設工事を示す模式的説明図である。まず、トンネル掘削面にはコンクリートを吹き付け、その表面に防水樹脂シート４１を貼り付ける。防水樹脂シート４１に繊維基材１０を長さ方向に貼り付ける。繊維基材１０のコンクリート打ち込み面には親水性物質層がコーティングにより形成されている。繊維基材１０は長さ方向と直交する方向にも貼り付ける。これにより、長さ方向の繊維基材１０のいずれかが何らかの障害により空気やブリーディング水が移動できなくなったとしても、バイパス回路により閉鎖空間の空気やブリーディング水を抜くことができる。 FIG. 3A is a schematic explanatory view showing concrete or the like placing work at the top of the tunnel according to the embodiment of the present invention. First, concrete is sprayed on the tunnel excavation surface, and a waterproof resin sheet 41 is attached to the surface. The fiber base material 10 is attached to the waterproof resin sheet 41 in the length direction. A hydrophilic substance layer is formed by coating on the concrete driving surface of the fiber base material 10. The fiber base material 10 is also attached in a direction orthogonal to the length direction. As a result, even if any of the fiber base materials 10 in the length direction cannot move the air or the bleeding water due to some obstacle, the air or the bleeding water in the closed space can be evacuated by the bypass circuit.
トンネル頂部の防水樹脂シート４１と型枠４３との空間に生コンクリート等４２を奥側から手前方向に向けて所定距離（例えば１０．５ｍ）圧入する。このとき頂部に閉鎖空間の空気溜まり４４があっても、繊維基材１０を通じて脱気方向４５に空気が抜ける。空気溜まり４４は減少するか消滅し、その分生コンクリート等４２で充填される。その後、繊維基材１０を通ってブルーディング水が排水され、その後、繊維基材１０の内部にも生コンクリート等は含浸される。これにより、繊維基材１０はコンクリート等に一体化され、その後コンクリートは硬化する。 A ready-mixed concrete or the like 42 is press-fitted into the space between the waterproof resin sheet 41 and the formwork 43 at the top of the tunnel from the back side toward the front side by a predetermined distance (for example, 10.5 m). At this time, even if there is an air reservoir 44 in the closed space at the top, air escapes in the degassing direction 45 through the fiber base material 10. The air pool 44 decreases or disappears, and is filled with 42 such as ready-mixed concrete. After that, the brewing water is drained through the fiber base material 10, and then the inside of the fiber base material 10 is also impregnated with ready-mixed concrete or the like. As a result, the fiber base material 10 is integrated with concrete or the like, and then the concrete is hardened.
図３Ｂ−Ｄは同コンクリート施工工程を示す模式的断面図である。まず図３Ｂは生コンクリート等４２の打設開始時であり、繊維基材１０と空気溜まり４４までは達していない。生コンクリート等４２の打設による圧力が高まると図３Ｃに示すように空気溜まりの空気は繊維基材１０内を通過して抜ける。その後、図３Ｄに示すように生コンクリート等４２は繊維基材１０の内部まで含浸し、コンクリート等に一体化される。この状態でコンクリートは硬化する。 FIG. 3BD is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the concrete construction process. First, FIG. 3B shows the start of casting of ready-mixed concrete or the like 42, and does not reach the fiber base material 10 and the air reservoir 44. When the pressure due to the placement of the ready-mixed concrete or the like 42 increases, the air in the air pool passes through the fiber base material 10 and escapes as shown in FIG. 3C. After that, as shown in FIG. 3D, the ready-mixed concrete or the like 42 is impregnated to the inside of the fiber base material 10 and integrated with the concrete or the like. In this state, the concrete hardens.
以下、実施例を用いてさらに具体的に説明する。なお、本発明は下記の実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, a more specific description will be given with reference to Examples. The present invention is not limited to the following examples.
＜繊維基材の長さ方向の通気度測定試験＞
図４Ａに繊維基材の通気度測定装置２４を示し、図４Ｂに同通気度測定装置２４の排気空気計測方法を示す。まず図４Ａに示すように、直径２４０ｍｍ、高さ１４０ｍｍ、内容積６リットル程度の小容器１２の内壁側面から外壁側面に沿って幅３０ｍｍ、長さ３００ｍｍにカットした繊維基材２を粘着テープでＵ字形に配置して止めた。図４Ａには説明の簡略化のため１本の繊維基材２を示したが、実際は２本の繊維基材２をＵ字形に配置して止めた。次に、水１７を入れた大容器１６（直径２７０ｍｍ、高さ１５０ｍｍ、内容積８．５リットル程度）の水面に小容器１２を逆にして被せ、８ｇ／ｃｍ2の荷重１５を掛けた。このようにすると、小容器１２の空間部に溜まっていた空気１３は繊維基材２内を通過して外部に排出され、その分小容器１２の水面１４が上昇し、大容器１６内の水面１８は低下する。そこで、図４Ｂに示すように水１７が入った大容器１６の底から１５０ｍｍの位置に小容器１２を一気に沈め、この水面２１の位置で小容器１２の外面２か所に配置したセンサー１９，２０が水と接触して通電開始となるようにし（計測開始）、ここから荷重１５で小容器１２を沈め、大容器１６の底から１００ｍｍの位置で水面２２からセンサー１９，２０が離れて非通電となり、計測は終了する。この測定で約１．５リットルの空気が繊維基材を通じて排気され、通電開始から非通電となるまでの時間から通気度が測定できる。２３は水面２２のセンサー検知位置である。通気度は、次式より換算した。
通気度(ｃｍ3/ｃｍ2/ｓ)＝空気体積(１６６０ｃｍ3)÷繊維基材断面積(ｃｍ2)÷測定時間(秒)
<Measurement test of air permeability in the length direction of the fiber base material>
FIG. 4A shows the air permeability measuring device 24 of the fiber base material, and FIG. 4B shows the exhaust air measuring method of the air permeability measuring device 24. First, as shown in FIG. 4A, the fiber base material 2 cut from the inner wall side surface to the outer wall side surface of the small container 12 having a diameter of 240 mm, a height of 140 mm, and an internal volume of about 6 liters to a width of 30 mm and a length of 300 mm is cut with adhesive tape. I arranged it in a U shape and stopped it. Although one fiber base material 2 is shown in FIG. 4A for simplification of the explanation, in reality, the two fiber base materials 2 are arranged in a U shape and stopped. Next, the small container 12 was placed upside down on the water surface of the large container 16 (diameter 270 mm, height 150 mm, internal volume about 8.5 liters) containing the water 17, and a load 15 of 8 g / cm 2 was applied. In this way, the air 13 accumulated in the space of the small container 12 passes through the fiber base material 2 and is discharged to the outside, and the water surface 14 of the small container 12 rises by that amount, and the water surface in the large container 16 is raised. 18 decreases. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4B, the small container 12 was submerged at a position 150 mm from the bottom of the large container 16 containing the water 17, and the sensors 19 were arranged at two locations on the outer surface of the small container 12 at the position of the water surface 21. The small container 12 is submerged under a load of 15 so that the 20 comes into contact with water to start energization (measurement starts), and the sensors 19 and 20 are separated from the water surface 22 at a position 100 mm from the bottom of the large container 16 and are not. The power is turned on and the measurement ends. In this measurement, about 1.5 liters of air is exhausted through the fiber base material, and the air permeability can be measured from the time from the start of energization to the de-energization. Reference numeral 23 denotes a sensor detection position on the water surface 22. The air permeability was converted from the following formula.
Air permeability (cm 3 / cm 2 / s) = Air volume (1660 cm 3 ) ÷ Fiber substrate cross-sectional area (cm 2 ) ÷ Measurement time (seconds)
＜繊維母材層の厚さ方向の通気度測定試験＞
ＪＩＳ Ｌ１０９６（２０１０）８．２６Ａ法（フラジール形式）に準拠し、フラジール型試験機（ＴＥＸＴＥＳＴ社製ＦＸ３３００）を使用して、圧力１２５Ｐａ、５ｃｍ2で測定し、単位をｃｍ3/ｃｍ2/ｓで算出した。
<Air permeability measurement test in the thickness direction of the fiber base material layer>
Measured at a pressure of 125 Pa and 5 cm 2 using a Frazier type tester (FX3300 manufactured by TEXTEST) in accordance with JIS L1096 (2010) 8.26A method (Frazil type), and the unit is cm 3 / cm 2 / s. Calculated in.
＜コンクリート等を使用した試験＞
（１）未固結コンクリートの空気抜き試験
まず図５Ａに小容器３２の内面に繊維基材の帯状テープ３４を貼り付けた状態を示す。小容器３２（内径２９０ｍｍ×高さ１４０ｍｍ：約６リットル）の内壁側面から外壁側面に沿って幅７０ｍｍの帯状テープ３４を粘着剤でＵ字形に配置して止めた。繊維基材３４の長さは小容器３２の内面が３５０ｍｍ、外に出た部分が５０ｍｍであった。帯状テープ３４の折れ曲がり先端部には保護のための粘着テープ３５を貼り付けた。これは未固結コンクリート（生コンクリート）内に押し込む際の損傷を防止するためである。実際のコンクリート打設の際はこのような鋭角にはならないことから不要である。
<Test using concrete, etc.>
(1) Air bleeding test of unconsolidated concrete First, FIG. 5A shows a state in which a strip-shaped tape 34 of a fiber base material is attached to the inner surface of a small container 32. A strip-shaped tape 34 having a width of 70 mm was arranged in a U shape with an adhesive from the inner wall side surface to the outer wall side surface of the small container 32 (inner diameter 290 mm × height 140 mm: about 6 liters) and stopped. The length of the fiber base material 34 was 350 mm on the inner surface of the small container 32 and 50 mm on the outer surface. An adhesive tape 35 for protection was attached to the bent tip of the band-shaped tape 34. This is to prevent damage when pushing into unconsolidated concrete (ready-mixed concrete). It is not necessary when actually placing concrete because it does not have such an acute angle.
下記表１に示す成分を混合して未固結コンクリート３１とし、４０リットル容器３０に約２０ｃｍの深さとなるように入れた（図５Ｂ）。次に、小容器３２を逆にして未固結コンクリート３１の表面に置いた。小容器３２の底には直径２５０ｍｍの塩化ビニル硬質パイプ３３を置いた（図５Ｃ）。次に、小容器３２がまっすぐに入るように押さえながら棒状バイブレータ３６ａ，３６ｂで振動を与え、小容器３２を押し込んだ（図５Ｄ）。この状態で小容器３２を手で押し込み、小容器３２内の空気が抜けて未固結コンクリート３１と置換されるか否かを評価した。所要時間は１５〜３０秒であった。このように小容器３２を逆にして未固結コンクリート３１に入れると、小容器３２の内部は空間になっており、トンネル頂部の閉鎖空間に存在する空気と同様に扱える。小容器３２の押し込み力は未固結コンクリートの打設による圧力に見立てることができる。そして、小容器３２を押し込み、小容器３２内の空気が抜ける場合は、帯状テープ３４内を空気が通過すると判断できる。小容器３２を透明なプラスチック製とすれば、押し込んだ状態で空気が残ったかどうか評価できる。不透明な容器の場合は、小容器３２をそのままの状態で持ち上げ、内部の生コンクリートを落とし、小容器３２を観察することにより評価できる。具体的には小を、９９％未満は不合格とした。 The components shown in Table 1 below were mixed to form unconsolidated concrete 31, which was placed in a 40-liter container 30 to a depth of about 20 cm (FIG. 5B). Next, the small container 32 was reversed and placed on the surface of the unconsolidated concrete 31. A vinyl chloride hard pipe 33 having a diameter of 250 mm was placed on the bottom of the small container 32 (FIG. 5C). Next, while pressing the small container 32 so as to enter straight, vibration was applied by the rod-shaped vibrators 36a and 36b to push the small container 32 (FIG. 5D). In this state, the small container 32 was pushed in by hand, and it was evaluated whether or not the air in the small container 32 was released and replaced with the unconsolidated concrete 31. The time required was 15 to 30 seconds. When the small container 32 is reversed and placed in the unconsolidated concrete 31, the inside of the small container 32 becomes a space and can be treated in the same manner as the air existing in the closed space at the top of the tunnel. The pushing force of the small container 32 can be regarded as the pressure generated by placing unconsolidated concrete. Then, when the small container 32 is pushed in and the air in the small container 32 is released, it can be determined that the air passes through the band-shaped tape 34. If the small container 32 is made of transparent plastic, it can be evaluated whether or not air remains in the pushed state. In the case of an opaque container, it can be evaluated by lifting the small container 32 as it is, dropping the ready-mixed concrete inside, and observing the small container 32. Specifically, small was rejected, and less than 99% was rejected.
（２）未固結コンクリートの含浸試験
上記において、押し込んだ状態で２０分間静置させ、その後小容器を取り出して繊維基材を分解し、未固結コンクリートの成分が繊維基材内に含浸しているかを観察した。
(2) Impregnation test of unconsolidated concrete In the above, the fiber base material is decomposed by taking out the small container after allowing it to stand for 20 minutes in the pushed state, and the component of the unconsolidated concrete is impregnated into the fiber base material. I observed whether it was.
Ｃ:高炉セメントＢ種（密度３．０ｇ/ｃｍ3、太平洋セメント）
Ｓ:細骨材；佐伯砕砂(表乾密度２．６２ｇ/ｃｍ3、吸水率１．５０％、粗粒率２．７５)
S: Fine aggregate; Saeki crushed sand (surface dry density 2.62 g / cm 3 , water absorption 1.50%, coarse grain ratio 2.75)
＜砂塵の付着試験＞
巾５０ｍｍの帯状テープを長さ２００ｍｍに切断し、５０ｇの砂塵（コンクリート粉末）を吸着層側にふりかけた後、素手で払い落とし砂塵の付着の有無を確認した。
<Dust adhesion test>
A strip tape having a width of 50 mm was cut to a length of 200 mm, 50 g of dust (concrete powder) was sprinkled on the adsorption layer side, and then the tape was wiped off with bare hands to check for the presence of dust.
＜貼り直し性の確認＞
巾５０ｍｍの帯状テープを長さ２００ｍｍに切断し、厚さ１．０ｍｍのＥＶＡ（エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体）シートに貼り付けた後、帯状テープをＥＶＡシートから剥がした。その後、再度帯状テープをＥＶＡシートに貼り付け、貼り直しが可能かどうかの確認をした。
<Confirmation of re-stickability>
A strip-shaped tape having a width of 50 mm was cut to a length of 200 mm, attached to an EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) sheet having a thickness of 1.0 mm, and then the strip-shaped tape was peeled off from the EVA sheet. After that, the strip-shaped tape was reattached to the EVA sheet, and it was confirmed whether or not the reattachment was possible.
（実施例１）
ＪＮＣ社製、ポリプロピレン繊維（１８．９decitex,繊維長５１ｍｍ）をカードウェブとし、ニードルパンチ法により不織布とした。不織布の内層にスクリムを積層一体化した。スクリムは目付７０ｇ/ｍ2のポリエステル繊維製メッシュ織物とした。積層一体化はニードルパンチによって繊維を絡めることで行った。得られた繊維母材の厚さは５．０ｍｍ、目付６８０ｇ/ｍ2であった。この繊維母材の一方の面にケン化度８９％のポリビニルアルコール（ＰＶＡ）１０ｗｔ％水溶液を乾燥質量４０ｇ/ｍ2でコーティングし乾燥した
。他方の面に図１Ａ−Ｂに示す吸着層を形成した。吸着層はＤＩＣ社製のアクリル樹脂（DICNAL MFP20）を使用し、厚さ０．８ｍｍ、質量１００ｇ/ｍ2で形成した。吸着層表面の気泡体平均細孔径は、電子顕微鏡にて２０箇所を観察した結果、２１μｍであった。
(Example 1)
A polypropylene fiber (18.9decitex, fiber length 51 mm) manufactured by JNC Corporation was used as a card web, and a non-woven fabric was prepared by a needle punching method. Scrim was laminated and integrated on the inner layer of the non-woven fabric. The scrim was a polyester fiber mesh fabric with a basis weight of 70 g / m 2. Lamination integration was performed by entwining the fibers with a needle punch. The thickness of the obtained fiber base material was 5.0 mm and the basis weight was 680 g / m 2 . One surface of the fiber base material was coated with a 10 wt% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) having a saponification degree of 89% with a dry mass of 40 g / m 2 and dried. The adsorption layer shown in FIGS. 1A-B was formed on the other surface. The adsorption layer was formed by using an acrylic resin (DICNAL MFP20) manufactured by DIC Corporation with a thickness of 0.8 mm and a mass of 100 g / m 2 . The average pore diameter of the bubbles on the surface of the adsorption layer was 21 μm as a result of observing 20 points with an electron microscope.
（実施例２）
ＪＮＣ社製、ポリプロピレン繊維（１８．９decitex,繊維長５１ｍｍ）をカードウェブとし、ニードルパンチ法により不織布とした。不織布の内層にスクリムを積層一体化した。スクリムは目付７０ｇ/ｍ2のポリエステル繊維製メッシュ織物とした。積層一体化はニードルパンチによって繊維を絡めることで行った。得られた繊維母材の厚さは５．０ｍｍ、目付６８０ｇ/ｍ2であった。この繊維母材の一方の面にケン化度８９％のポリビニル
アルコール（ＰＶＡ）１０ｗｔ％水溶液を乾燥質量４０ｇ/ｍ2でコーティングし乾燥した
。他方の面に図１Ａ−Ｂに示す吸着層を形成した。吸着層はＤＩＣ社製のアクリル樹脂（DICNAL MFP20）を使用し、厚さ１．０ｍｍ、質量１００ｇ/ｍ2で形成した。吸着層表面の気泡体平均細孔径は、電子顕微鏡にて２０箇所を観察した結果、７３μｍであった。
(Example 2)
A polypropylene fiber (18.9decitex, fiber length 51 mm) manufactured by JNC Corporation was used as a card web, and a non-woven fabric was prepared by a needle punching method. Scrim was laminated and integrated on the inner layer of the non-woven fabric. The scrim was a polyester fiber mesh fabric with a basis weight of 70 g / m 2. Lamination integration was performed by entwining the fibers with a needle punch. The thickness of the obtained fiber base material was 5.0 mm and the basis weight was 680 g / m 2 . One surface of the fiber base material was coated with a 10 wt% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) having a saponification degree of 89% with a dry mass of 40 g / m 2 and dried. The adsorption layer shown in FIGS. 1A-B was formed on the other surface. The adsorption layer was formed by using an acrylic resin (DICNAL MFP20) manufactured by DIC Corporation with a thickness of 1.0 mm and a mass of 100 g / m 2 . The average pore diameter of the bubbles on the surface of the adsorption layer was 73 μm as a result of observing 20 points with an electron microscope.
（実施例３）
ＪＮＣ社製、ポリプロピレン繊維（１８．９decitex,繊維長５１ｍｍ）をカードウェブとし、ニードルパンチ法により不織布とした。不織布の内層にスクリムを積層一体化した。スクリムは目付７０ｇ/ｍ2のポリエステル繊維製メッシュ織物とした。積層一体化はニードルパンチによって繊維を絡めることで行った。得られた繊維母材の厚さは５．０ｍｍ、目付６８０ｇ/ｍ2であった。この繊維母材の一方の面にケン化度８９％のポリビニル
アルコール（ＰＶＡ）１０ｗｔ％水溶液を乾燥質量４０ｇ/ｍ2でコーティングし乾燥した
。他方の面に図１Ａ−Ｂに示す吸着層を形成した。吸着層はＤＩＣ社製のアクリル樹脂（DICNAL MF20）を使用し、厚さ１．７ｍｍ、質量２００ｇ/ｍ2で形成した。吸着層表面の気泡体平均細孔径は、電子顕微鏡にて２０箇所を観察した結果、１９μｍであった。
(Example 3)
A polypropylene fiber (18.9decitex, fiber length 51 mm) manufactured by JNC Corporation was used as a card web, and a non-woven fabric was prepared by a needle punching method. Scrim was laminated and integrated on the inner layer of the non-woven fabric. The scrim was a polyester fiber mesh fabric with a basis weight of 70 g / m 2. Lamination integration was performed by entwining the fibers with a needle punch. The thickness of the obtained fiber base material was 5.0 mm and the basis weight was 680 g / m 2 . One surface of the fiber base material was coated with a 10 wt% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) having a saponification degree of 89% with a dry mass of 40 g / m 2 and dried. The adsorption layer shown in FIGS. 1A-B was formed on the other surface. The adsorption layer was formed by using an acrylic resin (DICNAL MF20) manufactured by DIC Corporation with a thickness of 1.7 mm and a mass of 200 g / m 2 . The average pore diameter of the bubbles on the surface of the adsorption layer was 19 μm as a result of observing 20 points with an electron microscope.
（比較例１）
ＪＮＣ社製、ポリプロピレン繊維（１８．９decitex,繊維長５１ｍｍ）をカードウェブとし、ニードルパンチ法により不織布とした。不織布の内層にスクリムを積層一体化した。スクリムは目付７０ｇ/ｍ2のポリエステル繊維製メッシュ織物とした。積層一体化はニードルパンチによって繊維を絡めることで行った。得られた繊維母材の厚さは５．０ｍｍ、目付６８０ｇ/ｍ2であった。この繊維母材の一方の面にケン化度８９％のポリビニル
アルコール（ＰＶＡ）１０ｗｔ％水溶液を乾燥質量４０ｇ/ｍ2でコーティングし乾燥した
。他方の面に粘着層としてＤＩＣ社製両面テープ８１０ＨＤを貼り付けた。
(Comparative Example 1)
A polypropylene fiber (18.9decitex, fiber length 51 mm) manufactured by JNC Corporation was used as a card web, and a non-woven fabric was prepared by a needle punching method. Scrim was laminated and integrated on the inner layer of the non-woven fabric. The scrim was a polyester fiber mesh fabric with a basis weight of 70 g / m 2. Lamination integration was performed by entwining the fibers with a needle punch. The thickness of the obtained fiber base material was 5.0 mm and the basis weight was 680 g / m 2 . One surface of the fiber base material was coated with a 10 wt% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) having a saponification degree of 89% with a dry mass of 40 g / m 2 and dried. Double-sided tape 810HD manufactured by DIC Corporation was attached to the other surface as an adhesive layer.
図５Ａ−Ｄに示す未固結コンクリートの空気抜き試験を行った。条件と結果を表２にまとめて示す。 An air bleeding test of the unconsolidated concrete shown in FIGS. 5A-D was performed. The conditions and results are summarized in Table 2.
表２の結果から実施例１〜３、比較例１とも未固結コンクリートの空気抜き試験の脱気率は９９％であり、ほぼ完全に脱気できた。また、未固結コンクリートの含浸試験においても、未固結コンクリートの成分が繊維基材内に含浸していた。 From the results in Table 2, the degassing rate of the unconsolidated concrete in the air bleeding test was 99% in both Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1, and the degassing was almost completely completed. Further, in the impregnation test of the unconsolidated concrete, the component of the unconsolidated concrete was impregnated in the fiber base material.
砂塵の付着試験および貼り直し性の確認試験を行った。結果を表３にまとめて示す。 A dust adhesion test and a reattachability confirmation test were conducted. The results are summarized in Table 3.
表３の結果から、本実施例１〜３の繊維基材に積層した吸着層は、独立発泡軟質樹脂層の表面発泡部が開口した状態であり、砂塵が付着しても簡単に払い落としができ、貼り直しもでき、剥離シートは不要できわめて好都合であった。一方、比較例１は、砂塵が付着し払い落としが出来ず、貼り直しも出来なかった。また、貼り付け作業時には剥離シートを剥がす必要があり、剥がした後はそれを回収する必要があった。 From the results in Table 3, the adsorption layer laminated on the fiber base materials of Examples 1 to 3 has an open surface foamed portion of the independently foamed soft resin layer, and even if dust adheres, it can be easily wiped off. It was possible, it could be reattached, and no release sheet was required, which was extremely convenient. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, dust adhered and could not be wiped off, and could not be reattached. In addition, it was necessary to peel off the release sheet at the time of pasting work, and it was necessary to collect it after peeling off.
本発明は、トンネルの頂部への適用だけではなく、コンクリート等打設時に閉鎖空間の空気溜まりが生ずる部分であればどのような箇所にも適用可能である。例えば側壁、溝、橋梁、橋台、高架道路、高架鉄道、建築物等の壁面などにも広く適用できる。 The present invention can be applied not only to the top of a tunnel but also to any place where an air pool in a closed space is generated when placing concrete or the like. For example, it can be widely applied to side walls, ditches, bridges, abutments, elevated roads, elevated railways, walls of buildings, and the like.
１ 吸着層
２ 吸盤構造
３ 独立気泡体
４ａ，４ｂ 不織布層
５ 補強層（スクリム）
６ 繊維母材
７ 親水性物質層
８ 開孔部
９，１０ 繊維基材
１２ 小容器
１３ 空気
１４，１８，２１，２２ 水面
１５ 荷重
１６ 大容器
１７ 水
１９，２０ センサー
２３ センサー検知位置
２４ 通気度測定装置
３０ 大容器
３１ 未固結コンクリート
３２ 小容器
３３ 塩ビパイプ
３４ 帯状テープ
３５ 粘着テープ（保護部）
３６ａ，３６ｂ 棒状バイブレータ
４１ 防水樹脂シート
４２ 生コンクリート
４３ 型枠
４４ 空気溜まり
４５ 脱気方向
1 Adsorption layer 2 Sucker structure 3 Closed cell bodies 4a, 4b Non-woven fabric layer 5 Reinforcing layer (scrim)
6 Fiber base material 7 Hydrophilic material layer 8 Perforations 9, 10 Fiber base material 12 Small container 13 Air 14, 18, 21, 22, Water surface 15 Load 16 Large container 17 Water 19, 20 Sensor 23 Sensor detection position 24 Air permeability Measuring device 30 Large container 31 Unconsolidated concrete 32 Small container 33 PVC pipe 34 Band-shaped tape 35 Adhesive tape (protection part)
36a, 36b Rod-shaped vibrator 41 Waterproof resin sheet 42 Ready-mixed concrete 43 Formwork 44 Air pool 45 Degassing direction
Claims (9)
繊維母材層の一方の面の少なくともコンクリート等接触面には、水に溶解又は分散が可能な親水性物質層が存在し、
前記繊維母材層の他方の面には平滑基材に吸着する吸着層が積層されており、
前記吸着層は独立発泡軟質樹脂層の表面発泡部が開口した状態であることを特徴とするコンクリート等打設用繊維基材。 It is a fiber base material for placing concrete etc.
At least on one surface of the fiber base material layer, at least on the contact surface such as concrete, there is a hydrophilic substance layer that can be dissolved or dispersed in water.
An adsorption layer that adsorbs to the smooth substrate is laminated on the other surface of the fiber base material layer .
The adsorption layer is a fiber base material for placing concrete or the like, characterized in that the surface foamed portion of the independently foamed soft resin layer is open.
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