JP2000080894A - Impermeable sheet and impermeable method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently perform impermeable works by a superior workability by integrally bonding a fiber cloth layer having a prescribed length of pile on its surface to a water resistant layer and by setting it as a laminated element. SOLUTION: An impermeable sheet 1 is provided by a laminated element formed by integrally bonding a fiber cloth layer 11, or a mesh cloth of knot 3-50 mm having a pile 8 of length 1 mm or more on a water resistant layer 10, or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer. A fiber cloth drain layer is provided in an un-bonded face side of the fiber cloth layer 11 in the water resistant layer 10. The impermeable sheet 1 is laid on a tunnel wall face composed of a rock layer and/or a ground layer with its surface having the pile 8 faced to the frontmost face and the water resistant material is applied on the surface having the pile 8 so as to be hardened. This constitution enables the impermeable works efficiently at superior workability.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the construction of a tunnel, a protective wall, a revetment, etc., and the construction and repair of water, and the construction and repair of structures such as buildings, houses, tanks, and water storage tanks. The present invention relates to a water-blocking sheet and a water-blocking method which are effective for water-blocking when carrying out.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in civil engineering works such as construction and repair of tunnels, mountain slopes, cliffs, and other protective walls, construction and repair of buildings, houses, tanks, water storage tanks, and other structures. In order to prevent water leakage and seepage from rock layers, ground layers, structures and buildings, etc., place resin, cement, A method of applying and hardening a waterproof material such as asphalt has been generally adopted. However, this method has a problem that a sufficient water-blocking effect cannot be obtained because the waterproof material is only partially applied.
In addition, water-absorbing resin (water-swelling resin) is applied to portions of the bedrock layer, ground layer, structures, etc. where water leakage or water seepage has occurred or where water leakage or water seepage is anticipated, and water is absorbed to block water. Methods are also known. However, in the case of this method, the water-absorbent resin absorbs a large amount of water, becomes heavy and easily falls off from walls or the like, and there is a problem in its workability. Not always enough.

In order to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional water-blocking method, a water-blocking sheet made of a thermoplastic resin is laid on a wall of a tunnel, a protection wall, a seawall, a building or the like to leak or bleed from the wall. In recent years, a method of blocking outflowing water, applying a hydraulic material (cement, mortar, etc.), a waterproof material such as asphalt, and hardening the water barrier sheet has been adopted in recent years. Kaihei 6-3295
No. 0 publication and the like.

[0004] However, in the case of the above-described method using a water-impervious sheet, the water-impervious sheet is not sufficiently adhered to a waterproof material layer such as a hydraulic material or asphalt, and the passage of time is not sufficient. A gap is formed between the waterproof sheet and the waterproof material layer due to an earthquake or an earthquake, and rainwater or groundwater enters the gap, and the waterproof material layer peels or peels off from the waterproof sheet, and the water blocking effect is reduced. Therefore, there is a problem that a high water blocking effect is not easily and securely maintained over a long period of time. In addition, the impermeable sheet made of only thermoplastic resin generally has insufficient rigidity and insufficient mechanical strength, and is deformed, bent, or damaged when laying on rock layers, ground layers, and wall surfaces of structures. And so on,
The handleability and workability are not sufficiently good.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a high water-blocking effect against water leaking or seeping out from the rock layers, ground layers, buildings, houses, tanks, water storage tanks and other structures. It has high adhesion to waterproof materials such as hydraulic materials, asphalt, and resin, and does not generate voids, peeling, or peeling between the waterproof material layer and the waterproof sheet. A water-blocking sheet that can be held safely and stably, has good mechanical properties, and is excellent in handleability and workability when performing water-blocking work, and a water-blocking method using the same. To provide.

[0006]

As a result of various studies by the present inventors to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a laminate in which a waterproof layer made of resin or the like and a fiber fabric layer are integrally bonded and laminated. In addition, a water-impervious sheet is formed from a laminate having a pile (fluff) having a length of 1 mm or more on at least one surface, particularly on a fiber cloth layer, and the water-impervious sheet may be leaked or permeated. When laid on a wall or the like to perform water-blocking work, it has an extremely high blocking effect against water leakage and seepage, and the pile (fluff) protruding from the surface of the water-blocking sheet is made of a hydraulic material or a waterproof material such as asphalt. It has an anchoring effect (anchoring effect) inside, and the waterproof sheet and the waterproof material layer made of a hydraulic material are firmly bonded, and a gap is generated between the waterproof sheet and the waterproof material layer. If the waterproof layer is a waterproof sheet It is not possible to spalling peeling or a long-term over with high impermeability found that can hold stably. Furthermore, the present inventors have found that the impermeable sheet made of the above-mentioned laminate has appropriate rigidity and flexibility and good mechanical properties, and when performing impermeable work, excessive deformation or bending. It is easy to handle without breakage and is easy to lay on rock layers, ground layers, building walls, etc., and apply waterproofing material such as hydraulic material on the waterproof sheet. I found what I could do. Further, in the waterproof sheet made of the above-mentioned laminate, if a drain layer made of a fiber cloth is further provided on the back surface of the waterproof layer,
From the rock layer, the ground layer, water leaks and seepage from the walls of the structure can be smoothly discharged through the drain layer, it has been found that the water shielding work can be performed more smoothly, based on their various findings, The present invention has been completed.

That is, the present invention provides: (1) a laminate comprising a waterproof layer (A) and a fiber fabric layer (B) integrally bonded, and a pile having a length of 1 mm or more on at least one surface. It is a water impermeable sheet characterized by the above-mentioned. The present invention provides: (2) a water-blocking sheet comprising a laminate in which a fiber fabric layer (B) having a pile of 1 mm or more in length on its surface is integrally bonded on a waterproof layer (A). ; In its preferred embodiment.

The present invention further provides: (3) the waterproof sheet according to claim 2, further comprising a drain layer (C) made of a fiber cloth on the non-bonding surface side of the fiber cloth layer (B) in the waterproof layer (A). It is;

The present invention provides: (4) the water-impermeable sheet according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the pile is a loop pile; (5) the fiber fabric layer (B) 3 to 50 mm with at least one surface having a pile of 1 mm or more in length
(6) The water impermeable sheet according to (5), wherein the mesh fabric is a Raschel knitted fabric manufactured by a Raschel knitting machine; 7) The waterproof sheet according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the waterproof layer (A) is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer; and (8) the above-mentioned (1) for use in tunnel construction. To (7) as a preferred embodiment.

Further, the present invention provides (9) a water-blocking method characterized by laying a water-blocking sheet according to any one of the above (1) to (8). Then, the present invention provides (10) any one of the above-mentioned (1) to (8), after or without the earth retaining wall layer being laid on the tunnel wall surface composed of the bedrock layer and / or the ground layer. A water-shielding method for a tunnel wall surface, comprising laying a water sheet with the surface having the pile facing the outermost surface, and then applying a waterproof material to the surface of the water-impervious sheet having the pile and curing the sheet;
It is.

[0011]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in detail. The water impermeable sheet of the present invention comprises a laminate having a waterproof layer (A) and a fiber fabric layer (B) integrally joined. Here, "having the waterproof layer (A) and the fiber fabric layer (B) integrally bonded" in the present invention means that the waterproof layer (A) and the fiber fabric layer (B) are partially bonded. Rather, the two layers are joined without separation over the entire contact surface, or excluding the end of the impermeable sheet (the end that is joined to another impermeable sheet or another sheet, etc.) It means that they are connected without being separated on the whole surface. In addition, the term “water shielding” in the present invention includes not only blocking of water leakage and infiltration due to natural phenomena such as spring water and rainwater, but also blocking and preventing outflow and leakage of artificially generated liquids and fluids. Therefore, the impermeable sheet of the present invention means a sheet used for performing the above-described various impermeable methods.

The material constituting the waterproof layer (A) is not particularly limited as long as it is a waterproof material such as thermoplastic resin, asphalt, rubber, bentonite, etc. It is preferably a thermoplastic resin. Specific examples of the thermoplastic resin preferably used for the waterproof layer (A) include ethylene resins such as high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, oleic acid-modified polyethylene, carboxylic acid-modified polyethylene, and maleic acid-modified polyethylene, and ethylene-vinyl acetate. Copolymer,
Examples thereof include polyamide resins and soft vinyl chloride resins. Among them, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is preferably used because it is excellent in handling properties, water shielding properties, and the like. In the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer used as the waterproof layer (A), the vinyl acetate content is preferably 20 to 90% by weight, and 30 to 90% by weight.
%, More preferably 40 to 80% by weight. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is also excellent in terms of bondability with hydraulic materials such as cement and mortar, so particularly excellent effects are obtained when a hydraulic material is used as a waterproof material to be provided on the waterproof sheet. Is obtained.

Of course, in the waterproof sheet of the present invention, the waterproof layer (A) is not limited to a layer comprising an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, but is formed from a blend of two or more waterproof resins. Alternatively, it may be composed of a plurality of waterproof resin layers. Furthermore, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired,
The waterproof layer (A) may contain various additives such as a pigment, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, and a light stabilizer.

The waterproof layer (A) is made of ASTM D747-7 from the viewpoints of handleability of the impermeable sheet and workability.
It is preferably formed of a thermoplastic resin having a flexural modulus measured at 0 in the range of 0.01 to 50 MPa, especially 0.1 to 20 MPa.

The type of the fiber fabric constituting the fiber fabric layer (B) in the water-impervious sheet of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, a knitted fabric such as an inserted Raschel knit, a woven fabric such as an entangled weave or a mosaic weave, or a wet type Any of nonwoven fabrics such as nonwoven fabrics and dry nonwoven fabrics may be used. Above all, fiber fabric layer (B)
Is preferably made of a woven or knitted fabric, and more preferably made of a knitted fabric, because of its good mechanical properties and good handling properties. Among the knitted fabrics, the warp knitted fabric mainly composed of a chain knitted fabric is used as a fiber fabric layer (e.g., because the manufacturing process is easy and a pile (fluff) such as a loop pile can be formed three-dimensionally on the fabric. Raschel knitted fabric produced by a Raschel knitting machine is particularly preferably used as B).

The form of the fibers constituting the fiber fabric layer (B) is not particularly limited, and may be any of a monofilament yarn, a multifilament yarn, a spun yarn, a tape-like split yarn, a cut fiber and the like. The fabric constituting the fiber fabric layer (B) preferably has a basis weight in the range of 100 to 500 g / m ² from the viewpoint of lightness and mechanical properties.

From the viewpoint of enhancing the water blocking effect of the water blocking sheet of the present invention, the fiber cloth layer (B) is preferably formed of a waterproof cloth. Fiber cloth layer (B)
Is a fabric having a water absorption length of preferably 30 mm or less, more preferably 20 m, as determined by the method described in the following section.
m or less, more preferably 10 mm or less,
Particularly preferably, it is desirable to form from a cloth of 5 mm or less. The method for imparting waterproofness to the cloth is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of forming a cloth using a monofilament yarn. When a fabric is formed using ordinary multifilaments or spun yarn, water is absorbed through single fibers by capillary action, but when using a monofilament yarn, capillary action does not occur or hardly occurs. In addition, a waterproof fabric with low water absorption is obtained. The term "monofilament yarn" used herein refers to a monofilament yarn, a multifilament yarn, or a spun yarn, which is integrated into a monofilament so as not to impregnate and adhere to a resin or the like and cause a capillary phenomenon. Refers to yarn.

The fiber fabric layer (B) is prepared by using a multifilament yarn or a spun yarn without using a monofilament yarn and then impregnating with a waterproof resin or the like.
Or you may form from the cloth which attached and made waterproof.
The type of the waterproof resin at that time is not particularly limited, and for example, the same type of waterproof resin as the resin constituting the waterproof layer (A) can be used. In order to improve the adhesion between the waterproof layer (A) and the fiber fabric layer (B), the waterproof resin and the waterproof layer (A) impregnated and / or attached to the fabric constituting the fiber fabric layer (B) are used. It is preferable to use resins having a high affinity for each other as a constituent waterproof resin,
In particular, it is more preferable to use the same type of resin.

The fabric constituting the fiber fabric layer (B) is formed by increasing the adhesive strength between a waterproof material such as a hydraulic material, asphalt and resin applied on the waterproof sheet and the waterproof sheet, thereby increasing the waterproof sheet. To prevent the occurrence of voids and peeling between the sheet and the waterproof material, thereby enhancing the water-blocking effect, and to form a tertiary pile on the water-blocking sheet surface (particularly, the surface of the fiber cloth layer (B)). From the viewpoint of easy formation in the original direction (three-dimensional), a mesh fabric having a coarse mesh structure is preferable, and a Raschel knitted fabric having a mesh structure manufactured by a Raschel knitting machine is more preferable. In this case, the mesh size (mesh size) in the mesh fabric is determined by the mechanical properties of the fabric, the dimensional stability, and the hydraulic material applied (coated) to the mesh void portion of the fiber fabric layer (B). From the viewpoint of ease of entry and the like, it is preferably 3 to 50 mm, more preferably 5 to 50 mm, and still more preferably 8 to 30 mm. The mesh structure of the mesh fabric can be rhombic (rhombic), lattice-like (square), triangular, pentagonal or more polygonal, among which a rhombic or lattice-like mesh structure is used. Is the ease of manufacturing mesh fabrics,
It is preferable from the viewpoints of handleability, workability of a water impermeable sheet comprising the mesh fabric layer and the waterproof resin layer, and the like.

The type of fibers forming the ground structure (the body portion of the fabric other than the pile portion) of the fabric constituting the fiber fabric layer (B) is not particularly limited, and may be an organic synthetic fiber, a natural fiber, a semi-synthetic fiber, or the like. Any of artificial fibers, inorganic fibers, and combinations of two or more thereof may be used. Specifically, examples of the synthetic fibers include polyester fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate fibers (including wholly aromatic polyester fibers), polyamide fibers, aramid fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, and acrylic fibers. And semi-synthetic fibers and man-made fibers include viscose fibers, cupra fibers, and acetate fibers. Natural fibers include cotton, hemp, and wool, and inorganic fibers include glass fibers and carbon fibers. be able to. Among them, the ground structure of the fabric constituting the fiber fabric layer (B) is polyvinyl alcohol-based fiber and / or
Alternatively, it is preferably formed of a polyolefin-based fiber (polyethylene-based fiber, polypropylene-based fiber, or the like). When using polyvinyl alcohol fiber,
The mechanical properties, weather resistance and alkali resistance of the fiber fabric layer (B) can be improved. In addition, the fibers forming the ground structure, if necessary, titanium oxide, kaolin, silica, barium sulfate, carbon black, pigment,
It may contain an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer and the like.

The total denier (fineness) of the ground yarn forming the ground structure of the fabric constituting the fiber fabric layer (B), particularly the fineness in the form of the above-mentioned monofilament yarn, is 50 to 3
0000 denier, preferably 100 to 20 denier.
More preferably, it is 00 denier. If the fineness of the ground yarn is less than 50 denier, the waterproof property of the water-impermeable sheet may be impaired due to a decrease in the mechanical properties of the fiber fabric layer (B), separation from the waterproof layer, and the like. On the other hand, if it is greater than 3000 denier, the fiber fabric layer (B)
The waterproof material made of a hydraulic material or the like becomes difficult to enter into the voids, the adhesive strength between the waterproofing sheet and the waterproofing material layer is reduced, and a gap is formed between the waterproofing material layer and the waterproofing sheet, Peeling or peeling of the waterproof material layer is likely to occur.

The water impermeable sheet of the present invention has a pile (fuzz) having a length of 1 mm or more on at least one surface of the sheet. That is, the water-blocking sheet of the present invention needs to have at least a pile of 1 mm or more in length on the surface side on which a waterproof material such as a hydraulic material, asphalt, and resin is applied. By having a pile with a length of 1 mm or more on at least one surface of the impermeable sheet,
Hydraulic material applied on the impermeable sheet during impermeable work,
The pile exerts an anchoring effect (anchoring effect) on waterproofing materials such as asphalt and resin, and the waterproofing material layer is firmly adhered and fixed on the impermeable sheet. In view of the adhesive strength with the waterproof material layer, the length of the pile is preferably 2 mm or more, more preferably 3 mm or more, and more preferably 5 mm.
More preferably, it is the above. Further, ease of production of a piled fiber fabric, ease of lamination of the fiber fabric layer (B) made of the fiber fabric and the waterproof layer (A), a hydraulic material on the piled surface of the waterproof sheet, etc. The upper limit of the pile length is preferably 50 mm or less from the viewpoint of preventing the pile from being inverted when the waterproof material is applied.
More preferably, it is 0 mm or less. In the present invention, the “pile length” refers to the length from the pile base to the tip, and when the pile is a loop pile, refers to the length from the loop base to the loop top.

Further, in the waterproof sheet of the present invention, the tensile elastic force E of the pile is 1000 CN from the viewpoint that the pile can be favorably maintained three-dimensionally protruding from the surface of the waterproof sheet without being inverted. Or more, preferably 1000
More preferably, it is 0CN or more. Further, the pile tensile strength σ is preferably from 10 to 700 N from the viewpoint that the anchor effect on a waterproof material layer such as a hydraulic material is large, and breakage or breakage hardly occurs when a tensile load is applied. The tensile modulus E of the pile referred to in the present invention is a value obtained by tensile modulus × denier of the pile yarn (denier) [however, tensile elastic modulus = CN / denier of the yarn (denier)]. . Further, in view of adhesiveness with a waterproof material such as a hydraulic material applied on the waterproof sheet (an effect of the pile on the waterproof material), the pile is 50 ° to 90 ° relative to the waterproof sheet surface. In particular, it is preferable to stand up and project in a three-dimensional direction at an angle of 60 ° to 90 °.

The pile may be in the form of a cut pile, a loop pile, or a mixture of both, and may have an adhesive property with a waterproof material such as a hydraulic material to be applied on the water-impervious sheet. It is preferable to use a loop pile form from the viewpoints of the anchor effect), the ease of manufacturing a fabric having a pile for the fiber fabric layer (B), and the ease of manufacturing a waterproof sheet having a pile. By forming the pile in the form of a loop pile, the adhesiveness with a waterproof material such as a hydraulic material can be significantly improved. The pile may be formed after manufacturing the fabric for the fiber fabric layer (B),
From the viewpoint of the manufacturing process, it is preferable to form the fabric at the same time as the fabric is manufactured (that is, fabric with a pile is manufactured by knitting or weaving).

As described above, the waterproof sheet of the present invention needs to have at least a pile on one surface side on which a waterproof material such as a hydraulic material, asphalt, or resin is applied. The waterproof layer (A) is integrally bonded and laminated on the back surface (the side where no pile exists) of the fiber fabric layer (B) made of a piled fabric so that the pile exists on the surface of the fiber fabric layer (B). Is desirable. However, in some cases, the pile may be present on both the front surface of the fiber fabric layer (B) and the back surface of the waterproof layer (A). And in the latter case, even after forming the waterproof layer (A) on the back surface of the fiber cloth layer (B), in order for the pile to protrude outward from the back surface of the waterproof layer (A), It is necessary to increase the length of the pile so that the pile is exposed to the outside without being buried in the waterproof layer (A).

The water-impervious sheet of the present invention is advantageous in terms of adhesiveness to a waterproof material such as a hydraulic material, asphalt and resin (an effect of the pile on the waterproof material, etc.), ease of production of a piled fabric, and the like. It is preferable to have 1 to 1000 piles, more preferably 5 to 250 piles, per 10 cm ^{2 of} the water shielding sheet. In the waterproof sheet of the present invention, the density of the pile may be different depending on the part, or there may be a part where the pile does not exist, but the high adhesive strength and uniform adhesive strength with a waterproof material such as a hydraulic material. From the point of obtaining, it is preferable that the pile is uniformly or almost uniformly present on the entire surface of the water-impermeable sheet. In particular, when the fiber fabric layer (B) is a raschel knitted fabric having a mesh structure having a loop pile, a pile yarn is entangled with a knot point of a stitch (chain) of the ground structure forming the raschel knitted fabric. If one loop stitch (chain) is formed such that the loop piles are entangled in a ratio of 0.5 to 3 pieces, a desired number of loop piles are formed on the entire surface of the Raschel knitted fabric. It can be made to exist uniformly, and furthermore, the displacement of the loop pile and the detachment from the ground structure do not occur, and the loop pile can be firmly formed in the ground structure.

As the fibers forming the pile, organic synthetic fibers, semi-synthetic fibers, man-made fibers, natural fibers and the like having excellent toughness are preferably used. As the synthetic fibers, polyester fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate fiber (whole aromatic) are used. Polyester fibers), polyamide fibers,
Aramid-based fibers, polyolefin-based fibers, polyvinyl alcohol-based fibers, acrylic fibers, and the like can be used.Semi-synthetic fibers and artificial fibers include viscose fibers, cupra fibers, and acetate fibers, and natural fibers include cotton and hemp. , Wool and the like. Among them, the pile is preferably formed of synthetic fibers from the viewpoints of ease of manufacturing a fabric having a pile and mechanical properties of the fabric and the pile. The type of the synthetic fiber constituting the pile is preferably selected according to the application and use form of the impermeable sheet, for example, as a waterproof material applied on the impermeable sheet, a hydraulic material such as cement or mortar is used. In the case, the pile is made of polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyamide fiber,
It is preferably formed from polyolefin-based fibers. When the pile is desired to be hydrophobic and have excellent mechanical properties, it is preferable to form the pile from polyester fibers.

From the viewpoint of increasing the water-blocking effect of the water-blocking sheet, the pile is preferably formed of a monofilament-like yarn as in the case of the ground structure of the fabric constituting the fiber fabric layer (B). preferable. Of course, also in this case, similarly to the ground structure of the fabric, the resin is applied to the pile original yarn (the yarn before the pile) or the pile (the yarn after the pile) made of the multifilament yarn or the spun yarn. The fibers constituting the yarn by impregnation / adhesion may be combined and solidified to form a monofilament yarn free of capillary action.

The total denier (fineness) of the pile is preferably from 10 to 3,000 denier, and preferably from 50 to 1,000 denier, from the viewpoints of, for example, the ability to maintain the standing state of the pile, the strength, and the ease of manufacturing a fabric having the pile. More preferably, there is.

Although not limited in any way, typical examples of the raschel knitted fabric having a loop pile, which is preferably used as the fiber fabric layer (B) in the waterproof sheet of the present invention, are shown in FIGS. 5 can be mentioned.

FIG. 1A shows a Raschel knitted fabric whose ground structure has a rhombic mesh structure.
As shown in (b), the loop pile b is entangled with the knot of the stitch a using a loop yarn for each of the stitches (chain stitches) a of the chain stitch in the rhombic ground structure. It is formed upright. The raschel knitted fabric of FIG. 1 can be manufactured by knitting using a raschel knitting machine according to the organization diagram of FIG. In FIG. 2, L ₁ , L ₂ , L ₄ and L ₅ indicate ground yarns for forming a ground structure having a chain stitch (chain) a, and L ₃ and L ₆ indicate loop piles b
1 shows a loop yarn for forming a thread. At intersection A, the ground yarn L ₂
Returns to the L ₂ intertwined ground yarns L ₄ once, the ground yarn L ₄ is returned to the L ₄ intertwined ground yarn L ₂ once. At the intersection B, the ground yarn L ₁ is entangled with the ground yarn L ₂ once and returns to L ₁ , and the ground yarn L ₂
Return to the L ₁ intertwined with the ground yarn L ₁ is a single, ground yarns L ₄ is a return to the L ₄ intertwined once the ground yarn L _5, the ground yarn L ₅ is ground yarns L ₄
Back to the L ₅ intertwined once and. Loop yarn L ₃ and L ₆
Enters parallel to each of the yarns L ₁ , L ₂ , L ₄ and L ₅ ,
At 2, 3, 4 and 5, a loop pile is formed by being pulled by a needle or the like to form a loop pile,
After that, it goes in parallel with each other. The raschel knitted fabric of FIG. 1 is manufactured using one loop yarn L ₃ (L ₄ ) for two ground yarns L ₁ and L ₂ (L ₄ and L ₅ ) as shown in FIG. However, three or more ground yarns and two or more loop yarns may be used to form a raschel knitted fabric with a loop pile having a rhombic similar ground structure.

FIG. 3 shows a raschel knitted fabric having a ground structure having a lattice-like mesh structure. Each loop stitch (chain) a in the lattice-like ground structure is formed by using a loop yarn. The loop pile b is formed upright so as to be entangled with the knot of the stitch a. The raschel knitted fabric of FIG. 3 can be manufactured by knitting using a raschel knitting machine according to the organization diagram of FIG. In FIG. 4, L ₁ , L ₂ and L ₃
Represents a ground yarn for forming the warp of the chain knitting of the foundation structure, L ₄ represents a loop yarn to form a loop pile b, M ₁ denotes a weft. The ground yarns L ₁ and L ₂ are entangled at the portions A and B by the ground yarn L ₃ , and the loop yarn L ₄ advances in parallel with the ground yarn L ₃ and is pulled by a needle or the like to form a loop. to form a loop pile b, it proceeds in parallel with subsequent addition ground yarn L _3. In this case, as the weft M _1, using the yarn with loops which had been previously formed loop piles entangled loop yarn strand knitted yarn formed by using a ground yarn, knitting Raschel knitted fabric sometimes, as shown in the organizational diagram of FIG. 4, by fixing the base yarns L ₁ and L ₂ in the ground thread L ₃ as well as weft insertion the weft M ₁ with the loop at predetermined intervals, a lattice-like The raschel knitted fabric with the loop pile of FIG. 3 having the ground structure forming a mesh structure is obtained. As shown in FIG. 4, the Raschel knitted fabric of FIG. 3 has _one warp for three ground yarns L ₁ , L ₂ and L _3.
Although it is manufactured using the loop yarn L4, _four or more ground yarns constituting the warp and two or more loop yarns may be used. Furthermore, weft M ₁ with a loop
As may also be used as two or more, or may be further combined with weft without a looped weft M ₁ and the loop.

FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of a Raschel knitted fabric having a lattice-like ground structure, in which a loop pile b formed by entanglement of a loop yarn with a chain a of a chain knitted ground yarn is formed in the longitudinal direction of the ground structure. And a plurality of reinforcing yarns e ₁ , e ₂ , e ₃ ... And f ₁ , f
Has a _2, f ₃ ···. The Raschel knitted fabric of FIG.
It is manufactured by knitting using a Raschel knitting machine according to the organization diagram of FIG. In FIG. 6, L ₁ , L ₂ and L
_{3 and} L ₅ , L ₆ and L ₇ represent ground yarns for forming a ground texture, L ₄ and L ₈ represent loop yarns for forming a loop pile, e ₁ , e ₂ , e ₃ , .. Indicate warps for reinforcing the ground structure. Ground yarn L _1, L ₂ and L ₃ and the chain knitting portion g ₁ which intertwined loop pile d at one end constituting the warp by loop yarns L ₄ is formed, the ground thread L _5, L ₆ and L ₇ and loop yarn chain knitting section g ₂ with intertwined loop pile b at the other end portion constituting the warp by L ₈ is formed. Further, L ₉ and L ₁₀ are loop chain knitted portions on both sides of intertwined pile d g ₁ and g _2, and the chain knitting section g ₁ and the reinforcing yarns e ₁ that was present during the g _2, e ₂ shows a ground yarn for coupling fixing the e _3. In addition, M ₂ shows the weft. The weft M _2,
A thread with a loop pile in which a loop pile is previously formed by entangled a loop yarn with a chain knitting yarn formed using ground yarn is arranged on both sides, and reinforcing yarns f ₁ , f ₂ , f _Three
... and the yarns with loop pile and the reinforcing yarns f ₁ , f ₂ , f ₃ ... Are made in the same manner as in the warp direction (in the same manner as the fixing with the ground yarns L ₉ and L _10). ) Those which are fixed to each other are manufactured in advance.

The ground yarns L ₁ , L ₂ and L ₃ are entangled, the ground yarns L ₅ , L ₆ and L ₇ are entangled, and the loop yarn L ₄ is the ground yarn L ₃
And proceeds in parallel, also the loop yarn L ₈ proceeds parallel to the ground thread L _7, forming a loop pile d pulled like a needle to form a loop pile, and also the loop yarn L ₄
The ground yarn L _3, loop yarn L ₈ proceeds in parallel with the ground yarn L _7. At that time, the weft M ₂ previously manufactured as described above is used.
And during knitting Raschel knit fabric by fixing with base yarns L ₉ and L ₁₀ together to weft insertion at predetermined intervals as shown in the organizational diagram of FIG. 9, the ground structure forming a grid-like mesh structure The Raschel knitted fabric with the loop pile of FIG. The raschel knitted fabric of FIG. 5 has ground yarns L ₁ , L ₂ and L ₃ as well as L ₅ , as shown in FIG.
L ₆ and has been produced using L _7, it may be those used multiplicity of the land yarn than, also loop yarns L ₄
And numerous than in place of L ₈ may be the one using a loop yarn of the further reinforcing thread e _1, e _2, e ₃
Is not limited, and may be one, two, or three or more. Also in the weft M _2, ground yarn used in the production of weft M _2, loop yarn, the number of reinforcing yarn is not particularly limited and can be any number.

The Raschel knitted fabric preferably used as the fiber fabric layer (B) in the water-blocking sheet of the present invention is produced by using a Raschel knitting machine as described above. Any method can be adopted as long as it can produce a raschel knitted fabric with a loop pile having a structure. Although not limited, for example, a plurality of guide bars and double-row needle bars, a means such as a needle for pulling out a loop pile, a stitch comb bar, a raschel having a trick plate and optionally a weft supply device It can be manufactured by knitting a warp knit using a knitting machine, particularly a double raschel knitting machine, while supplying ground yarn and loop yarn, and optionally reinforcing yarn and weft yarn thereto.

In producing the waterproof sheet of the present invention, the method of laminating the waterproof layer (A) and the fiber fabric layer (B) is not particularly limited, and the waterproof layer (A) and the fiber fabric layer (B) are integrated. Any method may be adopted as long as it can be combined and laminated. When a fiber cloth having a pile on only one surface is used as the fiber cloth layer (B), topping processing, lamination processing, and the like are performed on the surface side of the fiber cloth where no pile exists.
The waterproof layer (A) may be formed by roll coating, knife coating, dipping, or the like. When a fiber cloth having piles on both surfaces is used as the fiber cloth layer (B), the waterproof layer (A) may be formed on either one surface side of the fiber cloth in the same manner as described above. Among them, as a method for forming the waterproof layer (A), it is preferable to employ a topping method and an extrusion laminating method from the viewpoint of processability.

In the waterproof sheet of the present invention, the weight ratio of the waterproof layer (A) to the fiber cloth layer (B) in the waterproof sheet is from 1:10 to 10:10 from the viewpoint of mechanical properties, waterproofness, handleability, and the like.
The ratio is preferably 20: 1, more preferably 2: 1 to 10: 1. Therefore, the thickness of the waterproof layer (A) in the water impermeable sheet is generally preferably about 10 to 5000 μm, and more preferably about 200 to 2000 μm.

In the waterproof sheet of the present invention, the waterproof layer (A)
Is bonded to the surface (back surface) of the fiber fabric layer (B) in a state of being slightly impregnated into the fiber fabric layer (B) from the surface (back surface) of the fiber fabric layer (B), And the fiber fabric layer (B) may be completely impregnated. However, rather than being completely impregnated with the waterproof layer (A) in the fiber fabric layer (B), the fiber fabric layer (B) is bonded to and laminated on the front surface (back surface) of the fiber fabric layer (B) or the fiber fabric layer (B). ) Is preferably in a form in which the fiber fabric layer (B) is bonded and laminated while being slightly impregnated from the front surface (back surface) of the fiber fabric layer (B). In these cases, the surface of the fiber fabric layer (B) that comes into contact with the waterproof material In addition, since the fiber fabric layer (B) is uneven in the vicinity thereof or voids remain between the fibers of the fiber fabric layer (B), hydraulic material or the like is placed in the uneven portions or in the gaps between the fibers. When the waterproof material enters, the contact area between the fiber fabric layer (B) and the waterproof material increases, and the waterproof material layer such as a hydraulic material is firmly bonded to the piled surface side of the fiber fabric layer (B). be able to.
In particular, when the fiber cloth layer (B) is made of the above-mentioned coarse mesh cloth, the adhesion between the fiber cloth layer (B) and the waterproof material is further enhanced.

The basis weight of the water impermeable sheet is preferably 3000 g / m ² or less from the viewpoint of handleability and the like.
More preferably 0~2000g / m ^2.

As long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, the waterproof sheet (A) and the fiber cloth layer (B) can be used as the waterproof sheet.
Other layers may be provided, and a treatment with a water-repellent treatment agent or the like may be performed. The back side of the waterproof layer (A) of the water-impermeable sheet (fiber) improves the mechanical properties of the water-impermeable sheet and can positively discharge water leakage and water leakage from the rock layer, the ground layer, and the structure. Drain layer (C) may be further provided on the non-laminated side with the fabric layer (B)]. As the drain layer (C), a fiber fabric such as a woven or knitted fabric or a nonwoven fabric is preferably used. The drain layer (C)
It is not necessary to be firmly and integrally connected to the waterproof layer (A). For example, the waterproof layer (A) is waterproofed such that the drain layer (C) is in contact with the back side of the waterproof layer (A) when the waterproof sheet is laid on the rock layer or the ground layer. What is necessary is just to bond partially to layer (A). In some cases, the impermeable sheet and the drain layer are separated from each other, and a fiber fabric for the drain layer (C) is laid on a bedrock layer, a ground layer, a wall surface of a structure, or the like, and then is laid thereon. A water-blocking sheet composed of the waterproof layer (A) and the fiber cloth layer (B) may be laid.

The water impermeable sheet of the present invention can be effectively used in any construction requiring water impermeable.
Water barriers on road and railway tunnel walls, subway ground,
It can be used for water blocking when forming protective walls on mountain slopes and cliffs, water blocking for seawall construction, water blocking for buildings and houses, and water blocking for tanks and water storage tanks. it can.

Hereinafter, an example of a construction method in the case of performing a water-blocking work in a tunnel or the like using the water-blocking sheet of the present invention will be described. The impermeable sheet of the present invention is laid on a surface such as a bedrock layer, a ground layer, and a structure where water leakage or seepage occurs or is likely to occur. At this time, one or more other layers may be provided between the bedrock layer or the like and the impermeable sheet. For example, one or more layers such as a retaining layer, a mortar layer, and a drain layer are suitably formed. Above all, it is preferable to form a retaining layer to stabilize the wall surface by suppressing ground collapse, etc. A hydraulic material or the like may be provided on the earth retaining layer to smooth the surface in order to stably lay the waterproof sheet. The earth retaining layer is a layer for suppressing landslides and stabilizing the wall surface, and is generally made of steel or a steel bar coated with a hydraulic material. As a specific method of laying the water-impervious sheet of the present invention, for example, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG.
In contact with the desired surface 2 where water leakage or water seepage is likely to occur, such as a structure, etc., and the fiber cloth layer (B) 11 where the pile 8 exists is directed outward, , An adhesive, a pin, or the like.
use). On top of this, a waterproof material 3 made of a hydraulic material such as cement or mortar, resin, asphalt, etc.
Is applied, and the waterproof material 3 is cured, whereby a preferable result is obtained. In the case of such a construction method, the pile 8 existing on the surface of the waterproof sheet 1 has an anchoring effect on the waterproof material 3, and the waterproof material 3 is further embedded in the fiber fabric layer (B) 11 of the waterproof sheet 1. Is hardened in the impregnated state, so that a waterproof material layer is formed in a state in which the waterproof material 3 is firmly adhered and fixed to the waterproof sheet 1 without forming a gap between the waterproof sheet 1 and the waterproof material 3. Is done. As a result, as shown in FIG. 7, even if a crack 5 may be generated in the layer of the waterproof material 3, the crack 5 stops only at that portion, and the three layers of the waterproof material 3 It is held firmly without peeling or falling off.

On the other hand, in the water-blocking work using the conventional water-blocking sheet, as shown in FIG. 9, since the surface of the water-blocking sheet 1 has no pile, water leakage or seepage occurs. When the water-impervious sheet 1 is laid on the surface 2 where there is a risk of occurrence, and the surface is coated with the waterproof material 3 and cured,
Since there is no pile on the surface of the water-blocking sheet 1, adhesion between the water-blocking sheet 1 and the cured three layers of waterproofing material is not strong, and a gap 6 is easily generated between the two. If cracks 5 occur in the three layers of waterproofing material in such a state, the cracks 5 and the gaps 6 communicate with each other, and troubles such as the three layers of waterproofing material peeling off or falling off from the water-impermeable sheet 1 are caused. It occurs early, and water 7 and the like are particularly likely to accumulate and flow easily in the gaps 6 and the cracks 5, which further promotes peeling and peeling of the three layers of the waterproof material from the waterproof sheet 1.

Here, the surface 2 on which the water-blocking sheet of the present invention is laid, where there is a possibility of water leakage or seepage, includes a bedrock layer, a ground layer, a cement layer, a concrete layer, a mortar layer, and a plastic layer. Layer, metal layer, pottery layer, etc. refers to a surface where water leakage or seepage has occurred or is likely to occur, and the water-impermeable sheet of the present invention is effective for water-impermeable purposes on any of those surfaces. Can be used.

In particular, the impermeable sheet of the present invention can be suitably used for impermeable water on tunnel walls such as roads, railways, and subways. Generally, in a tunnel, in order to prevent an internal concrete wall from collapsing, a tunnel wall into which a rock bolt is driven from the inside of the tunnel is fixed to a bedrock. In addition, it is difficult to integrally mold a large-area concrete structure, and in order to prevent the tunnel wall from being broken due to thermal expansion and contraction, a plurality of concrete structures are joined to form a tunnel wall. . For this reason, a seam is inevitably formed in the tunnel wall, and when water pressure is applied from the outside of the tunnel, water enters from a lock bolt fixing portion or a seam of the tunnel wall.

However, as shown in FIG. 8, the impermeable sheet 1 of the present invention is laid between the bedrock layer (surface) 2 and the tunnel wall with the surface where the pile 8 is present facing outward (center of the tunnel). And then cement, mortar, resin,
Waterproofing material 3 such as asphalt is applied and cured, and after that, a tunnel structure formed outside is introduced and joined to prevent water leakage or seepage of water into the concrete structure. A tunnel can be formed. Conventionally, when a tunnel is formed in a ground layer (surface) made of earth and sand, an earth retaining layer is formed to suppress collapse of earth and sand, and a number of blocks made of a hydraulic material are further formed thereon. Although a method of blocking water by incorporating a body is employed, such a method has a drawback that it is inefficient and requires a large amount of labor. On the other hand, if the method of using the water-blocking sheet of the present invention instead of the block body and then directly applying a waterproof material on the water-blocking sheet is adopted, the water can be efficiently blocked.

In performing the water-blocking work using the water-blocking sheet of the present invention, the work may be performed using one water-blocking sheet or a plurality of water-blocking sheets may be used, depending on the content of the work and the like. The construction may be carried out by using. When a plurality of water-impervious sheets are used, the ends of the water-impervious sheets of the present invention may be joined, or the water-impervious sheet of the present invention and another sheet may be joined. For joining the ends of the impermeable sheet, a heating means such as high-frequency dielectric heating or high-frequency induction heating is used depending on the material of the waterproof layer (A) or the fiber fabric layer (B) constituting the impermeable sheet. It can be performed by a heat fusion method, a method using an adhesive, or the like. For example, in performing heat fusion bonding of the end portion of the impermeable sheet using high-frequency dielectric heating (high-frequency welder), when the waterproof layer (A) is formed of a resin that is not easily heated by high frequency such as polyolefin, When an inorganic hydrate such as magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, or the like is blended in the resin, heat fusion with a high-frequency welder becomes possible. The conditions for joining the impermeable sheet with a high-frequency welder may vary depending on the type of resin constituting the impermeable sheet, but in general, a general-purpose high-frequency welder having a frequency of 40 to 50 MHz is used, A method is adopted in which welding is performed for 1 kgf / m ² or more, an anode current value of 100 to 200 A / m ² , an energization time of 3 to 15 seconds, and cooling under the same contact pressure for 2 to 10 seconds.

[0048]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples and the like, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In the following example, the pile length in the impermeable sheet,
Standing angle, tensile elasticity E, tensile strength σ, water absorption length of the impermeable sheet, bending elastic modulus of the resin constituting the waterproof layer (A) in the impermeable sheet, waterproofness of the impermeable sheet and adhesion to mortar Was measured as follows.

[Pile Length in Water-Insulating Sheet] The tip of a pile (loop pile) existing on the surface of the water-insulating sheet is grasped so that the loop shape of the loop pile is not deformed, and the length of the fiber fabric layer (B) is reduced. It was erected from the ground structure surface, and the distance from the ground structure surface of the fiber fabric layer (B) to the tip of the loop pile was measured. Similar measurements were performed on 10 piles, and the average value was taken as the pile length (mm).

[Standing angle of pile in water-impermeable sheet]
A load of 1/5 of the unit weight of the impermeable sheet is applied in the width direction of the sheet, a photograph of a projected cross section thereof is taken, and the angle in the longitudinal direction of the ground structure of the fiber fabric layer (B) of the impermeable sheet is set to 0, The angle between the surface of the ground structure and the tip of the pile was measured. The same measurement was performed for ten piles, and the average value was taken as the pile standing angle.

[Pile tensile elasticity E and tensile strength σ of pile in water-impermeable sheet] The fiber fabric layer (B) is separated from the water-impermeable sheet using a solvent or the like to form a pile in the fiber fabric layer (B). Take out the materials that are
13, a load-elongation curve is created, and the tensile resistance value determined from the tangent is defined as the tensile elastic force of the monofilament.
Alternatively, the strength at break was determined as tensile strength. The tensile speed in the tensile tester was 50% / min.

[Water Absorption Length of Fiber Fabric Layer (B)] The fiber fabric layer (B) before being laminated with the waterproof layer (A) has a length of 200 m.
m or more, a mark is applied to a portion about 10 mm from the lower end, and a portion from the lower end to the marked portion is immersed in a 5% by weight aqueous solution of red ink (“Red” manufactured by Pilot Co., Ltd.). In accordance with the “water absorption B method” (Bilec method), the fiber cloth layer (B) was allowed to stand in an atmosphere of 20 ° C. and 65% RH for 24 hours, and to measure the length of water sucked up from the marked portion. The water absorption length was used.

[Flexural Modulus of Resin Constituting Waterproofing Layer (A) in Waterproof Sheet] Only the resin component is separated from the waterproof sheet, thermoformed using the resin component, and subjected to ASTM D.
The flexural modulus of the resin constituting the waterproof layer (A) was measured according to 747-70.

[Waterproofness of the water-impermeable sheet] (1) As shown in FIG.
Four reinforcing bars 12 of diameter × length = about 1 cm × about 5 cm are installed in a wooden box having dimensions of 0 cm × 10 cm × 10 cm, and mortar (cement: Iwami silver sand: water = 1: 2: 0.5 weight ratio), width 6
cm of the impermeable sheet 1 with one end separated from the end of the wooden frame by 2 cm,
The other end was laid out of the wooden box. Next, after the hose 13 was fixed to the impermeable sheet 1 by contact, the same mortar was poured, and air curing was performed at 20 ° C. and 65% RH for 2 weeks. (2) After curing in the above (1), the mortar molded product is taken out of the wooden box, fixed to a height of 40 cm, poured into the hose 13 with a water pressure of 5 m / min, and left for 24 hours. (Amount of effluent from one end of impermeable sheet: m
l) was measured to evaluate the waterproofness.

[Adhesive force between water-blocking sheet and mortar] (1) According to JIS P5201 “Physical test method for cement”, a water-blocking sheet is placed on the bottom of a mold for measuring bending strength (the Mask the water-impervious sheet with a vinyl film until the end is about 50 cm long so that the water-impervious sheet 1 and the mortar do not adhere to each other.) Then, pour the same mortar as used in the above waterproof performance test.
The sample was air-cured for 2 weeks at a temperature of 65 ° C. and 65% RH to prepare a test specimen for measuring the adhesive strength. (2) After the curing in the above (1), the specimen was taken out from the mold, and as shown in FIG. 11, one end of the specimen (the part where the masking was performed) and the end of the water impermeable sheet 1 (integral with the mortar 3). Of the tensile tester chuck 1
4 and 180 ° peeling of the hydraulic material (mortar) 3 and the water-impervious sheet 1 under an atmosphere of 20 ° C. and 65% RH at a tensile speed of 50 mm / min. The adhesive strength of No. 1 was evaluated.

Example 1 (1) Vinylon multifilament yarn (“1239” manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd .; 1200 denier / 200 filament) was used as the ground yarn of the knitted fabric, and a polyethylene monofilament yarn (fineness: 400d) was used as the loop yarn. make use of,
Using a raschel knitting machine, a raschel knitted fabric having a rhombic mesh structure as shown in FIG. 1A and having a loop pile on one side and a mesh size of 15 mm was produced. This raschel knitted fabric has a basis weight of 185 g / m ² and a chain density of 0.2.
It was 5 pitches / mm, and had a structure in which one loop pile was entangled per first chain. (2) The raschel knitted fabric having a loop pile obtained in the above (1) is immersed in an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion (vinyl acetate content of the copolymer is 60 mol%), and then squeezed, and is cooled to 130 ° C. And then heat-treated at 160 ° C. for 3 minutes to prepare a fiber fabric layer (B) having an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer adhesion amount of 15% by weight. When the water absorption length of this fiber cloth layer (B) was measured by the method described above, the water absorption was as low as about 3 mm, and the gap between the single fibers was sealed with the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer to form a ground structure. It was confirmed that the multifilament yarns were substantially integrated into a monofilament yarn.

(3) An ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (“Evatate R5011” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd .; vinyl acetate content: 41% by weight) is hot-pressed at 130 ° C. to produce a 1.5 mm thick sheet. did. (4) On the side of the Raschel knitted fabric treated with the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion obtained in (2) above, where no loop pile exists, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer obtained in (3) above is provided. Laminate the united sheets, 13
By hot pressing at 0 ° C., a fiber fabric layer (B) made of a raschel knitted fabric is integrally bonded and laminated on a waterproof layer (A) made of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and the fiber fabric layer (B) The waterproof sheet illustrated in FIG. 12 having a large number of three-dimensional loop piles on the surface [non-laminated surface with the waterproof layer (A)] was manufactured (in FIG. 12, the loop pile existing on the surface of the waterproof sheet). Only a part of it). (5) The weight ratio of the waterproof layer (A) to the fiber fabric layer (B) in the water-impermeable sheet obtained in the above (4) is 7.5: 1, and the basis weight of this water-impermeable sheet is 1700 g / m. ^{Was 2} . The pile length, pile erecting angle, tensile elasticity E and tensile strength σ of the water-impervious sheet obtained in Example 1, bending elastic modulus of the resin constituting the waterproof layer (A) in the water-impervious sheet, and water impermeability When the waterproofness of the sheet and the adhesive strength to the mortar were measured by the above-described methods, the results were as shown in Table 1 below.

<< Examples 2 and 3 >> (1) Example 1 except that the pile length of the loop pile formed on the Raschel knitted fabric was changed to the length shown in Table 1 below.
In the same manner as (1) to (4) above, a fiber fabric layer (B) made of a Raschel knitted cloth shown in FIG. 1 (a) is formed on a waterproof layer (A) made of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Waterproof sheets exemplified in FIG. 12 which are integrally bonded and laminated and have a large number of three-dimensional loop piles on the surface [non-laminated surface with the waterproof layer (A)] of the fiber fabric layer (B) were manufactured. . (2) The weight ratio of the waterproof layer (A) to the fiber fabric layer (B) in the water-impermeable sheet obtained in the above (1) was 4.3: 1 for the water-impermeable sheet of Example 2, and The ratio of the water-impervious sheet is 1.8: 1.
1850 g / m ² , Example 3 2350 g / m ²
g / m ² . (3) Pile length, pile erecting angle, tensile elasticity E and tensile strength σ of the impermeable sheets obtained in Examples 2 and 3, and water absorption of Raschel knitted fabric treated with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion The bending elastic modulus of the resin constituting the waterproof layer (A) in the waterproof sheet, the waterproof property of the waterproof sheet and the adhesive strength to mortar were measured by the above-mentioned methods. there were.

<< Comparative Example 1 >> (1) Except that a Raschel knitted fabric having no loop pile was manufactured, the same procedure as in (1) to (4) of Example 1 was carried out.
A water-blocking sheet was produced by integrally bonding and laminating a fiber fabric layer (B) made of a raschel knitted fabric on a waterproof layer (A) made of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. (2) The weight ratio of the waterproof layer (A) to the fiber cloth layer (B) in the water-impermeable sheet obtained in the above (1) is 9.4: 1, and the basis weight of the water-impermeable sheet is 1660 g / m ^2. Met. (3) The water absorption length of the Raschel knitted fabric treated with the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion in the water barrier sheet obtained in Comparative Example 1, and the flexural modulus of the resin constituting the waterproof layer (A) in the water barrier sheet , And the waterproofness of the water-impervious sheet and the adhesion to the mortar were measured by the above-described methods, and the results were as shown in Table 1 below.

[0060]

[Table 1]

From the results shown in Table 1 above, it is found that the waterproof layer (A) and the fiber fabric layer (B) are integrally bonded and laminated, and a pile having a length of 1 mm or more is present on the surface of the fiber fabric layer (B). The water-impervious sheets according to Examples 1 to 3 have a large adhesive force with the hydraulic material (mortar) and are firmly adhered to the hydraulic material, have no water leakage, and are extremely excellent in waterproofness (water-proof). You can see that it is. On the other hand, the impermeable sheet of Comparative Example 1 having no pile on the surface of the impermeable sheet has a significantly lower adhesive strength to the hydraulic material than the impermeable sheets of Examples 1 to 3, and has a waterproof property ( It can be seen that the water leakage is poor.

<< Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Example 2 >> (1) Using the water-impermeable sheets obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1, the tunnel wall was impervious to water. Specifically, a number of H steels coated with a hydraulic material are laid on a ground layer formed of earth and sand to form a retaining wall layer, and then mortar is applied to the surface of the retaining wall layer to provide soil. The retaining wall layer was smoothed. Next, in Examples 4 to 6, the impermeable sheets obtained in Examples 1 to 3 were laid on the mortar layer with the loop pile directed outward (toward the center of the tunnel) and waterproofed thereon. As a material, mortar cement (cement: inkstone silver sand: water = 2: 4: 1 weight ratio) was applied to a thickness of 20 cm and cured. Further, in Comparative Example 2, the water-impervious sheet obtained in Comparative Example 1 was laid on the mortar layer with the fiber fabric layer (B) directed outward (center side of the tunnel), and a waterproof material was placed thereon. Mortar cement (cement: inkstone silver sand: water = 2: 4: 1 weight ratio) was applied to a thickness of 20 cm and cured. (2) As a result, when the water impermeable sheets obtained in Examples 1 to 3 were used (Examples 4 to 6), the water impermeable sheet 1 and the waterproof material had high adhesiveness, so that a long time passed. Even though it did not leak, it exhibited excellent water barrier performance. In particular, the water-impervious sheets obtained in Examples 2 and 3 have a longer loop pile length, so that the water-impervious sheet is more excellent in adhesion between the waterproof material and the water-impervious sheet, and has a higher water-impervious property over a longer period. The effect was obtained. On the other hand, in the case where the water impermeable sheet obtained in Comparative Example 1 was used (Comparative Example 2), water leakage occurred over time due to poor adhesion between the water impermeable sheet and the waterproof material, and the water leakage occurred over a long period of time. Water barrier effect could not be achieved.

[0063]

The waterproof sheet of the present invention has a large number of piles existing on the surface of the waterproof sheet, the anchor effect of which is provided on a waterproof material such as a hydraulic material, asphalt, resin, and the like applied on the waterproof sheet. Anchoring effect), and the waterproofing material layer is firmly adhered to the impermeable sheet for a long period of time without creating a gap between the waterproofing layer and the impermeable sheet, and stably maintains high water shielding for a long time. And the waterproofing material layer does not peel off or peel off from the waterproof sheet. Furthermore, the water impermeable sheet of the present invention has moderate rigidity and flexibility and excellent mechanical properties, so that it does not excessively deform or bend, does not break, and is easy to handle. It is excellent, and when the water impermeable sheet of the present invention is used, various water impermeable works can be efficiently performed with good workability. In the waterproof sheet of the present invention, the waterproof layer (A) further includes a fiber fabric drain layer provided on the back surface thereof.
Leakage and seepage from surfaces such as a bedrock layer and ground layer where leakage or seepage of water is likely to occur can be smoothly discharged through the drain layer.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a fiber fabric layer (B) in the water-impermeable sheet of the present invention.
It is a figure which shows an example of the Raschel knitted fabric which has a loop pile preferably used as a.

FIG. 2 shows an organization chart when knitting the raschel knitted fabric of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a fiber cloth layer (B) in the water impermeable sheet of the present invention.
It is a figure which shows another example of the raschel knitted fabric which has a loop pile preferably used as a.

FIG. 4 shows an organization chart when knitting the Raschel knitted fabric of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a fiber fabric layer (B) in the water impermeable sheet of the present invention.
It is a figure which shows another example of the Raschel knitted fabric which has a loop pile preferably used as an example.

FIG. 6 shows an organization chart when knitting the raschel knitted fabric of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a case where a water blocking work is performed using the water blocking sheet of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a case where a water shielding work is performed in a tunnel or the like using the water shielding sheet of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a case where a water-blocking work is performed using a conventional water-blocking sheet.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing specific contents of a method for evaluating waterproofness of a water-impervious sheet in Examples in the specification.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the content of a method for measuring the adhesive force between a water-blocking sheet and a hydraulic material (mortar) in the examples in the specification.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a schematic structure of a water-blocking sheet obtained in Examples 1 to 3 in the specification.

[Explanation of symbols]

a stitch (chain) constituting the ground structure of the knitted fabric b loop pile 1 water-blocking sheet 2 surfaces (rock layer etc.) 3 waterproofing material (mortar, cement, asphalt, resin, etc.) 4 rock bolt 5 crack 6 void 7 water Reference Signs List 8 pile 9 drain layer 10 waterproof layer (A) 11 fiber cloth layer (B) 12 reinforcing bar 13 hose 14 chuck

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Masaru Tateyama 38-8 Hikaricho, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo Inside the Railway Technical Research Institute (72) Inventor Ichiro Hanamori 1-2-1 Kaigandori, Okayama-shi, Okayama Prefecture No. Kuraray Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Toshiaki Kobayashi 1-2-1, Kaigandori, Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture Inside Kuraray Co., Ltd. (72) Yoshihiko Kawamura 3-6-1, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Kuraray Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kenji Matsumoto 1-12-39 Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Kuraray Co., Ltd.

Claims (10)

[Claims] The present invention has a waterproof layer (A) and a fiber fabric layer (B) integrally bonded, and has a length of 1 on at least one surface.
A water-impervious sheet comprising a laminate in which a pile of not less than mm is present. 2. A water-blocking sheet comprising a laminate in which a fiber fabric layer (B) having a pile of 1 mm or more in length on its surface is integrally bonded on a waterproof layer (A). 3. The fiber fabric layer (B) in the waterproof layer (A).
The water impermeable sheet according to claim 2, further comprising a drain layer (C) made of a fiber cloth on the non-bonding surface side of the sheet. 4. The pile according to claim 1, wherein the pile is a loop pile.
4. The impermeable sheet according to any one of 3. 5. A fiber fabric layer (B) having a pile having a length of 1 mm or more on at least one surface has a mesh size of 3 to 50 m.
The water impermeable sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the water impermeable sheet is a mesh cloth of m. 6. The impermeable sheet according to claim 5, wherein the mesh fabric is a Raschel knitted fabric manufactured by a Raschel knitting machine. 7. The impermeable sheet according to claim 1, wherein the waterproof layer (A) is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer. 8. The impermeable sheet according to claim 1, which is used for tunnel construction. 9. A water-blocking method comprising laying the water-blocking sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 10. The water impermeable sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a retaining wall layer is laid on a tunnel wall made of a bedrock layer and / or a ground layer, or not. A method of waterproofing a tunnel wall surface, comprising: laying a surface having a pile toward the outermost surface, and then applying a waterproofing material to the surface of the waterproofing sheet having the pile and curing the surface.