JP6840082B2 - Machine tools equipped with material guides and material guides - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a material guide device provided in the machine tool and a machine tool provided with the material guide device.

Conventionally, a material guide device of a machine tool provided in a machine tool provided with a spindle for gripping the material so as to be openable and closable, and provided with a material supporting means for supporting the material so as to allow movement and rotation in the axial direction. It is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

In the material guide device, a guide bush rotates synchronously with the spindle as a material supporting means and is provided so as to be openable and closable. When the material is gripped by the spindle, the guide bush closes to grip the material. It is possible to release the gripping of the material by the spindle and retract the spindle to grip the material at a predetermined position without stopping the rotation of the material.

Japanese Patent No. 2566570 (see Fig. 1)

However, since the guide bush of Patent Document 1 described above guides the material in the open state, an error may occur in the inner diameter dimension at the time of material guidance due to the opening / closing operation mechanism, and it may be difficult to perform stable guidance. there were.

Therefore, the present invention solves the problems of the prior art as described above, that is, the object of the present invention is a material guide device and a material guide device for a machine tool capable of stably guiding materials. Is to provide a machine tool equipped with.

The invention according to claim 1 is provided on a spindle that grips the material so as to be openable and closable, and is rotatable about the axis and is movable in the axial direction , so that the material is allowed to move and rotate in the axial direction. A material guide device for a machine tool provided with a material supporting means for supporting and guiding the material, and the material supported by the material supporting means is gripped openly and closably between the material supporting means and the spindle. It has a material gripping means, and the material gripping means is rotatably provided so as to be rotationally driven corresponding to the spindle, and the material is gripped by closing the spindle in a grip-release state and gripping the material. It is configured to be openable and closable so as to open in a gripped state of the material by the spindle, release the grip, and allow the material to move due to the axial movement of the spindle and the material to rotate due to the rotation of the spindle. This solves the above-mentioned problems.

In the invention according to claim 2, in addition to the configuration of the material guide device according to claim 1, both the spindle and the material gripping means have both gripping states in which the material is gripped at the same time. By doing so, the above-mentioned problems are further solved.

In the invention according to claim 3, in addition to the configuration of the material guide device according to claim 2, the spindle has a grip release state in which the grip is released from the material in both grip states. This further solves the above-mentioned problems.

In the invention according to claim 4, in addition to the configuration of the material guide device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the material gripping means is provided so as to be rotatable synchronously with the spindle. By doing so, the above-mentioned problems can be further solved.

In the invention according to claim 5, in addition to the configuration of the material guide device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the material gripping means is slidable in the axial direction of the spindle. By having an engaging rotation transmission mechanism, the above-mentioned problems are further solved.

The invention according to claim 6 further solves the above-mentioned problems by being a machine tool provided with the material guide device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

According to the material guide device of the invention according to claim 1, the material gripping means, which is rotationally driven corresponding to the spindle of the machine tool, replaces the spindle with the spindle without changing the supporting state of the material by the material supporting means. Therefore, for example, when processing a long rod-shaped material, it is possible to perform gripping without stopping the spindle while maintaining a stable support state of the material by the material support means. It has the effect of being able to do it.

According to the material guide device of the invention of claim 2, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 1, the material is gripped reliably by both the material gripping means and the spindle. can do.

According to the material guide device of the invention of claim 3, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 2, the gripping of the spindle is released from the state where the material is gripped by both the spindle and the material gripping means. By doing so, the time required for the material to be re-grabbed by the spindle can be shortened.

According to the material guide device of the invention according to claim 4, in addition to the effect of the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the spindle and the material gripping means rotate synchronously, thereby causing the spindle and the material gripping means to rotate synchronously. The material can be stably gripped by the material gripping means.

For synchronous rotation of the spindle and the material gripping means, the material gripping means is provided with a rotation transmission mechanism that slidably engages in the axial direction of the spindle, as in the material guide device of the invention according to claim 5. It can be realized relatively easily by such means.

According to the machine tool of the invention according to claim 6, it is possible to obtain a machine tool provided with a material guide device having the effect of the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

The figure which shows the outline of the whole material guide device installed in the lathe of the Example of this invention, and the state in the rear position of a spindle. The figure which shows the state which reached the front position from the rear position of a spindle. The figure which shows the state which the material gripping means grips a rod-shaped work at the front position of a spindle. The figure which shows the state which the material gripping means gripped the rod-shaped work at the front position of the spindle, and then the chuck released the grip of the rod-shaped work. The figure which shows the state which the chuck has released the grip of a rod-shaped workpiece at the front position of a spindle, and then retracted the spindle to a rear position. The figure which shows the state which the chuck grips a rod-shaped work again after retracting a spindle to a rear position. The figure which shows typically the state which the parting process started. FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing a state in which the parting process reaches the set processing diameter, the chuck releases the grip of the rod-shaped workpiece at the front position of the spindle, and then the spindle is retracted to the rear position. The figure which shows typically the state which the chuck of a spindle grips a rod-shaped workpiece again in a rear position after the parting off of a parting-off process is completed. The figure which shows typically the state which the material gripping means released the gripping of a rod-shaped workpiece at the front position of a spindle after the completion of the parting off process.

The material guide device of the present invention is provided on a spindle that grips the material so as to be openable and closable, and is rotatable about the axis and is movable in the axial direction, and supports the material so as to allow movement and rotation in the axial direction. It is a material guiding device for a machine tool provided with a material supporting means for guiding the material, and has a material gripping means for gripping the material supported by the material supporting means so as to be openable and closable between the material supporting means and the spindle. , This material gripping means is rotatably provided so as to be rotationally driven corresponding to the spindle, and the material is gripped by closing it in the state where the material of the spindle is released, and is opened and gripped in the state where the material is gripped by the spindle. by the openably configured to permit the rotation of the material by the movement and rotation of the main shaft of the material due to axial movement of the spindle to release, it is possible to perform stable guidance of the material, the machine tool Any specific embodiment may be used as long as the material can be gripped in a rotating state instead of the spindle.
For example, the cutting tool of the machine tool for changing the material may be a cutting tool, a parting tool, or any cutting tool.

Hereinafter, the material guide device according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6 as an embodiment and an operation of gripping and feeding the rod-shaped work as a material.

As shown in FIG. 1, the spindle 110 of the machine tool 100 is rotatably supported by the spindle 104 about an axis.
The headstock 104 is mounted on the bed side of the machine tool 100 so as to be movable back and forth in the Z-axis direction, which is the axial direction of the spindle 110.
The spindle 110 has a hollow tubular shape, and a chuck 113 is provided at the front end so as to be openable and closable.
The spindle 110 can detachably grip the rod-shaped work W, which is a long rod material as a material, by opening and closing the chuck 113.

The chuck 113 is composed of a collet chuck, and is positioned in contact with a cap nut 116 which is inserted into a sleeve 114 and screwed to the front end of a spindle 110, as is conventionally known.
By moving the sleeve 114 toward the front of the spindle 110 by a conventionally known chuck opening / closing mechanism or the like, the tapered surface of the sleeve 114 presses the tapered surface of the chuck 113, the chuck 113 closes and closes, and the chuck 113 closes. The rod-shaped work W inserted in the can be gripped.

By releasing the pressing of the chuck 113 by the sleeve 114, the chuck 113 opens and opens, and the grip of the rod-shaped work W is released.

In front of the spindle 110, a material guide device 120 for guiding the rod-shaped work W gripped by the spindle 110 and a cutting tool 170 for cutting the rod-shaped work W are provided.
The material guide device 120 is configured by integrally providing a material gripping means 130 for gripping the rod-shaped work W so as to be openable and closable, and a material supporting means 140 for supporting and guiding the rod-shaped work W.

The material gripping means 130 includes an outer case 150. A hollow cylinder 135 is rotatably supported in the outer case 150 via a bearing 160.
A button (turning metal) 138 protruding into the inner hole is integrally fixed to the tubular body 135.
A cap nut 116 of the spindle 110 is inserted into the inner hole. Kele 138 is engaged with a spline formed on the cap nut 116.
The spindle 110 can move in the Z-axis direction in the inner hole while maintaining the engagement state between the button 138 and the spline, and the tubular body 135 is the outer case 150 due to the engagement between the button 138 and the spline. It rotates integrally with the spindle 110.

In the inner hole, a piston 133 is provided in front of the button 138 so as to be movable back and forth in the Z-axis direction.
The piston 133 is urged rearward by the spring 134 and positioned by the stopper 136.
A chuck sleeve 132 that engages with the piston 133 in the Z-axis direction is inserted in the piston 133.
A collet chuck 131 is inserted in the chuck sleeve 132.

The collet chuck 131 is positioned by the front end wall of the tubular body 135.
Since the collet chuck 131 is provided integrally with the tubular body 135 in the inner hole, it rotates with respect to the outer case 150 integrally with the tubular body 135.
From the outer case 150 to the cylinder chamber 133a, fluid flow passages 152a, 162a, 135a are formed.
By pumping a fluid such as air to the cylinder chamber 133a via the port 158, the piston 133 moves forward against the urging force of the spring 134.

The chuck sleeve 132 moves forward due to the forward movement of the piston 133, and the collet chuck 131 can be closed by pressing the collet chuck 131.
On the other hand, by discharging the fluid in the cylinder chamber 133a, the piston 133 moves rearward due to the urging force of the spring 134, and the collet chuck 131 opens by opening.

The material supporting means 140 includes a guide bush holder 142. The guide bush holder 142 is integrally fixed to the outer case 150 in front of the tubular body 135.
A guide bush sleeve 146 is integrally fixed in the guide bush holder 142.
A guide bush 144 is inserted in the guide bush sleeve 146.
The guide bush 144 is arranged on the same axis as the collet chuck 131.
A drawbar 148 is screwed into the rear end of the guide bush 144.
The position of the guide bush 144 in the Z-axis direction is adjusted by rotating the draw bar 148.
Thereby, the inner diameter of the guide bush 144 is adjusted.
The inner diameter of the guide bush 144 can be adjusted according to the rod-shaped work W gripped by the spindle 110, and the draw bar 148 can be positioned and fixed to the guide bush sleeve 146 to set the inner diameter of the guide bush 144 to the required size. it can.

By fixing the guide bush holder 142 to the guide bush support 102, in the material guide device 120, the material gripping means 130 and the material support means 140 are integrally mounted on the guide bush support 102.
The material guide device 120 is arranged so that the guide bush 144 and the collet chuck 131 are arranged on the same axis as the spindle 110 (chuck 113).
The cutting tool 170 is provided on the guide bush support 102 so as to be movable along the X-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction in the vertical direction.

The rod-shaped work W is supplied into the spindle 110 from the rear, is inserted into the chuck 113, the collet chuck 131, and the guide bush 144, and protrudes from the guide bush 144.
As shown in FIG. 1, the spindle 110 grips the rod-shaped work W by the closing operation of the chuck 113.
By rotating the spindle 110, the rod-shaped work W is rotationally driven, and by moving the spindle 110 in the Z-axis direction and the cutting tool 170 in the X-axis direction, the cutting tool 170 moves the guide bush 144 of the rod-shaped work W. The part protruding from the can be processed.

The collet chuck 131 is maintained in an open state so as to allow free movement and rotation of the rod-shaped work W in the Z-axis direction.
The inner diameter of the guide bush 144 is adjusted to a predetermined size in advance so as to allow and guide the rod-shaped work W in the Z-axis direction.
The material gripping means 130 rotates synchronously with the spindle 110 by engaging the button 138 and the cap nut (spline) 116.

A predetermined machining is performed on the rod-shaped work W, and as shown in FIG. 2, a cutting tool 170 for parting off is selected and parting off, and then the collet chuck 131 is closed as shown in FIG. Execute.
Since the material gripping means 130 rotates integrally with the spindle 110, it is not rotating relative to the rod-shaped work W, and the rod-shaped work W can be moved without stopping the rotation of the spindle 110. Can be grasped.

As shown in FIG. 4, the chuck 113 is opened while the rod-shaped work W is being gripped by the material gripping means 130.
Since the spindle 110 is in a state of synchronous rotation with the material gripping means 130, the chuck 113 can be opened and the rod-shaped work W can be released from gripping by the spindle 110 without stopping the rotation of the spindle 110. ..

When the rod-shaped work W is released from being gripped by the spindle 110, the spindle 110 is retracted to a predetermined position as shown in FIG.
Since the spindle 110 is released from gripping the rod-shaped work W while being rotated synchronously with the material gripping means 130 and the rod-shaped work W, the spindle 110 can be moved backward while being rotated.

After the spindle 110 is moved backward to a predetermined position, the chuck 113 is closed as shown in FIG.
Since the spindle 110 completes the backward movement in a state of synchronous rotation with the rod-shaped work W, the chuck 113 can be closed and the rod-shaped work W can be gripped again by the spindle 110 without stopping the rotation of the spindle 110. it can.

When the rod-shaped work W is re-grasped by the spindle 110 at the retracted movement position, the collet chuck 131 is opened as shown in FIG.
Since the material gripping means 130 is in a state of synchronous rotation with the spindle 110, the rod-shaped work W can be released from gripping without stopping the rotation of the spindle 110.
The gripping of the rod-shaped work W by the material gripping means 130 is released, and the gripping of the rod-shaped work W by the spindle 110 is completed.
It is not necessary to stop the rotation of the spindle 110 every time the spindle 110 re-grasps the rod-shaped work W, and the rod-shaped work W can be re-grasped while the spindle 110 continues to rotate. It can be carried out.
When the rod-shaped work W is re-grasped by the spindle 110, the rod-shaped work W, the spindle 110, and the material gripping means 130 maintain an integral synchronous rotation, so that the rod-shaped work W can be gripped by the spindle 110 and the material gripping means 130. When the grip is released, the occurrence of scratches on the outer surface of the rod-shaped work W due to the opening / closing operation of the chuck 113 and the collet chuck 131 is suppressed.

When performing the parting off process, as shown in FIG. 7, the collet chuck 131 is closed while the rod-shaped work W is gripped by the chuck 113, and the rod-shaped work W is once used by both the chuck 113 and the collet chuck 131. Can also be gripped.
In this case, the parting off process can be started in both gripped states in which the rod-shaped work W is simultaneously gripped by both the spindle 110 (chuck 113) and the material gripping means 130 (collet chuck 131).

Once the parting process is started, it is not necessary to have a large gripping force for simultaneously gripping the rod-shaped work W by both the spindle 110 and the material gripping means 130. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, during the parting process. The spindle 110 can be shifted to the grip release state.
By shifting the main shaft 110 to the gripping release state in the middle of the parting off processing, the parting off processing and the gripping operation of the rod-shaped work W by the main shaft 110 can be performed in parallel.

By performing the parting off operation and the gripping operation of the rod-shaped work W by the spindle 110 in parallel, as shown in FIG. 9, the parting off process and the gripping operation of the rod-shaped work W by the spindle 110 can be completed almost at the same time. it can.

As shown in FIG. 10, when the gripping of the rod-shaped work W by the material gripping means 130 is released and the gripping of the rod-shaped work W is completed, a new cutting process can be started as shown in FIG.

The opening / closing operation of the chuck 113 and the collet chuck 131, the movement of the spindle 110 and the cutting tool 170, and the like are controlled by a control device including an NC device and the like. The control device performs control based on the input machining program. For example, in the parting process, a command to close the collet chuck 131 (a command to grip the rod-shaped work W by the material gripping means 130) is output, and then a command to start the parting process is output immediately after the collet chuck 131 is used. It is possible to output a command to start the parting process after waiting for a predetermined time until the rod-shaped work W is gripped.
The start of the parting process in which the rod-shaped work W is simultaneously gripped by both the spindle 110 and the material gripping means 130 is, for example, a command to start the parting process after waiting for a predetermined time after outputting a command for closing operation to the collet chuck 131. This is possible by configuring it to do.

It is also possible to predetermine a command to the control device for executing the gripping operation of the rod-shaped work W by the spindle 110 including the parting off process.
For example, in a machining program, it can be a Gxxx command.
In this case, it is also possible to set the feed speed, the end point position of the parting off process, the retracted position of the spindle 110, and the like as arguments to the Gxxx command.
Further, after the closing operation command is output to the collet chuck 131, the parting start command is output after a predetermined time elapses, the parting start command is output immediately after the closing operation command is output, or the parting process is performed. It is also possible to configure whether to execute the gripping operation of the rod-shaped work W by the spindle 110 without operating in parallel with a predetermined argument, for example, a D argument (a number following D).
Further, the condition for releasing the chuck 113 of the spindle 110 during the parting off is a predetermined machining diameter or a predetermined continuation set according to various conditions such as the rotation speed of the spindle 110 and the outer shape and length of the rod-shaped work W. Time can be adopted.

In the description of the embodiment of the present invention, in the synchronous rotation of the spindle 110 and the material gripping means 130, instead of providing the rotation transmission mechanism, a motor for rotationally driving the material gripping means 130 is separately provided, and the rotation of the motor and the spindle 110 is performed. Other structures such as a structure for synchronizing the above may be used.

As described above, according to the machine tool 100 provided with the material guide device 120 of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) The material W can be re-grasped while maintaining the rotation of the spindle 110, and the wasted time for stopping the rotation of the spindle 110 can be suppressed.
(2) Since the material W can be guided with high accuracy, a remarkable effect can be obtained particularly with a thin material.

100 ・ ・ ・ Machine tool 102 ・ ・ ・ Guide bush support 110 ・ ・ ・ Spindle 112 ・ ・ ・ Spindle gripping means 113 ・ ・ ・ Chuck 114 ・ ・ ・ Sleeve 116 ・ ・ ・ Cap nut 120 ・ ・ ・ Material guide device 130・ ・ ・ Material gripping means 130A ・ ・ Gripping structure (of material gripping means) 131 ・ ・ ・ Collet chuck 132 ・ ・ ・ Chuck sleeve 133 ・ ・ ・ Piston 133a ・ ・ Cylinder chamber 134 ・ ・ ・ Spring 135 ・ ・ ・ Cylinder 135a ・ ・ (Fluid) flow path 136 ・ ・ ・ Stopper 138 ・ ・ ・ Chuck (spindle), rotation transmission mechanism 140 ・ ・ ・ Material support means 142 ・ ・ ・ Guide bush holder 144 ・ ・ ・ Guide bush 146 ・ ・・ Guide bush sleeve 148 ・ ・ ・ Drawbar 150 ・ ・ ・ Exterior case 152a ・ ・ (Fluid) flow path 158 ・ ・ ・ Port 160 ・ ・ ・ Bearing 162 ・ ・ ・ Bearing center 162a ・ ・ (Fluid) flow path 170 ・ ・ ・ Cutting tool W ・ ・ ・ Material, rod-shaped work Z ・ ・ ・ Spindle rotation axis direction (axis direction for feeding rod-shaped work)
X ・ ・ ・ Axial direction orthogonal to Z axis direction

Claims (6)

A material supporting means that is provided on a spindle that grips the material in an openable and closable manner and that can rotate around the axis and move in the axial direction, and supports and guides the material so as to allow movement and rotation in the axial direction. It is a material guide device for machine tools equipped with
A material gripping means for gripping the material supported by the material supporting means so as to be openable and closable is provided between the material supporting means and the spindle.
The material gripping means is rotatably provided so as to be rotationally driven corresponding to the spindle, and the material is gripped by closing the spindle in a grip-release state and gripping the material, and a gripping state of the material by the spindle. releasing the grip open on to the machine tool, characterized in openably be configured to allow the rotation of said material by movement and rotation of the main axis of the material due to axial movement of the spindle Material guidance device. The material guide device for a machine tool according to claim 1, wherein both the spindle and the material gripping means have both gripping states in which the material is gripped at the same time. The material guide device according to claim 2, wherein the spindle has a grip release state in which the grip is released from the material in both grip states. The material guide device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the material gripping means is provided so as to be rotatable synchronously with the spindle. The material guide device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the material gripping means has a rotation transmission mechanism that slidably engages in the axial direction of the spindle. .. A machine tool provided with the material guide device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.