JP6826513B2 - Trailer with steering mechanism - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a trailer that is towed by a towing vehicle and travels, and is provided with a steak mechanism for changing the axle angle of the trailer in accordance with a change in the traveling direction of the towing vehicle.

Trailers that are towed vehicles that are towed by a towed vehicle include semi-trailers and full trailers. A semi-trailer is a trailer that is towed by being connected to a tractor of a motorcycle, which is a towing vehicle that is not provided with a box for storing luggage. A full trailer is a trailer that is towed by connecting a tractor or a semi-trailer as a towing vehicle. Semi-trailers and full-trailers include a type in which a box for storing luggage is provided, and a type in which a box is not provided and the object to be transported is mounted directly on the loading platform. There are two types of trailers that are provided with a box, a van type in which the side walls and the top wall that make up the box are fixed walls, and a wing type in which the side walls and the top wall open and close in the vertical direction. The type in which the axle is located in the center of the trailer in the direction of travel is called the center axle type.

Patent Document 1 describes a center axle type trailer. This trailer can be a semi-trailer or a full trailer connected to a tractor with a luggage compartment equipped with a box body, or a semi-trailer connected to a tractor of a motorcycle.

JP-A-2002-200989

When the towing vehicle towing the trailer is turned to change the direction of travel, an inner ring difference occurs between the wheels of the towing vehicle and the wheels of the trailer. By tilting the axle angle of the trailer in the direction opposite to the turning direction angle of the axle of the towing vehicle, the inner ring difference can be reduced. For example, in a full trailer in which the front axle is arranged at the front end of the trailer and the rear axle is arranged at the rear end, the rear axle is oriented in the opposite phase to the front axle when the tractor is turning. By tilting the axle angle, the difference between the inner wheels of the front wheels and the rear wheels can be reduced.

In order to reduce the difference between the inner wheels, a trailer equipped with a steering mechanism has been developed in which the angle of the front axle is detected by a sensor and the rear axle is tilted in the opposite phase by flood control or the like. However, such a hydraulic steering mechanism has a problem that the structure becomes complicated.

Therefore, a steering mechanism that mechanically rotates the axle of the trailer according to the turning angle of the towing vehicle is desired. The mechanical steering mechanism needs to be provided with a steering rod having a long dimension in the longitudinal direction of the trailer. The trailer has a loading platform, and the loading platform includes a plurality of main frames extending in the longitudinal direction of the trailer and a crossbar extending in the vehicle width direction and connected and fixed between the main frames. An axle support unit provided with suspensions and the like for supporting the left and right wheels is provided under the loading platform.

When the steering rod is placed under the loading platform, that is, between the loading platform and the axle support unit, the loading platform must be provided at a high position in order to secure a space for arranging the steering rod, and a box for storing luggage is installed. In the trailer to be used, the height of the trailer, that is, the ceiling surface of the box body becomes high.

On the other hand, in the trailer on which the box body is not mounted, the steering rod cannot be arranged on the upper side of the loading platform, and in the trailer on which the box body is mounted, a space is provided between the box body and the loading platform and steering is performed in that space. Placing the rod not only raises the height of the trailer, that is, the position of the ceiling surface of the box, but also the loading platform interferes with the maintenance of the steering rod when inspecting or replacing the steering rod. You will not be able to do it.

An object of the present invention is to provide a trailer provided with a steak mechanism without increasing the height of the trailer.

The trailer provided with the steering mechanism of the present invention includes a loading platform having a plurality of main frames extending in the longitudinal direction and a crossbar connected between the main frames, and a trailer that is towed by a towing vehicle and travels. A swivel member on the drive side that is rotatably mounted on the tip end side of the loading platform and is swiveled with respect to the loading platform around the vertical axis as the towing vehicle turns, and a position behind the swivel member. A wheel support unit that is arranged under the loading platform to support the left and right wheels, a driven-side turning member that is attached to the wheel supporting unit and rotates with respect to the loading platform, and a driving-side turning member. The crossbar has a steering rod connected between the member and the driven member, and the crossbar has a main portion provided with a concave portion opened downward and fixed to the main frame, and the main portion. It has a detachable portion that is detachably attached to the portion and forms a through hole through which the steering rod penetrates by the recess.

The crossbar is formed by a main portion and a detachable portion attached to the main portion, and the crossbar is formed with a through hole through which the steering rod penetrates. Since the detachable portion is laminated on the main portion, each crossbar can have a desired strength even if a through hole is formed. Further, since the steering rod is incorporated in the crossbar, that is, inside the loading platform, the steering rod can be mounted on the trailer without increasing the height of the loading platform of the trailer. Furthermore, since each crossbar has a main part and a detachable part, when the steering rod is maintained and inspected or replaced with a new one, the detachable part can be easily removed from the main part for easy steering. The rod can be removed from the inside of the loading platform.

It is a side view of the trailer provided with the steering mechanism which is one Embodiment. It is a top view of the trailer of FIG. 1 in the state where the box body is removed. It is a right side view of FIG. 1, and shows the rear end surface of a trailer. (A) is an enlarged plan view of part A in FIG. 2, and (B) is an enlarged plan view of part B in FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line CC in FIG. The crossbar of the mainframe is shown, FIG. 2A is an enlarged sectional view taken along line DD in FIG. 2, and FIG. 2B is an enlarged sectional view taken along line EE in FIG. It is a perspective view which looked at the crossbar shown in FIG. 6A from the rear side. A guide holder provided on the main frame is shown, FIG. 2A is an enlarged sectional view taken along line FF in FIG. 2, and FIG. 2B is an enlarged sectional view taken along line GG in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the guide holder shown in FIG. (A) is a schematic view showing a rear wheel two-axis full trailer with a semi-trailer as a towing vehicle and front and rear wheels provided on the rear side, and (B) is a schematic view showing a semi-trailer with a tractor as a towing vehicle. is there.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The trailer 10 shown in FIG. 1 is a full trailer and has a loading platform 11. A box body 12 is attached to the upper side of the loading platform 11 of the trailer 10, and the box body 12 has a floor plate, a front wall, a rear wall, left and right side walls, and a top wall, and these are fixed to the loading platform 11. The trailer 10 is a van type. As shown in FIG. 3, a door 13 is provided on the rear wall of the box body 12 so as to be openable and closable.

As shown in FIG. 2, the loading platform 11 has two left and right main frames 14 and 15 extending in the longitudinal direction of the trailer 10, and a plurality of crossbars 16a to 16f connected between the main frames 14 and 15. And have. The main frames 14 and 15 are each made of I-shaped steel material, and the crossbars 16a to 16f are provided with groove-shaped steel material, and the strength required for the loading platform 11 is maintained by the main frame and the crossbar. In the trailer 10 shown in FIG. 2, six crossbars 16a to 16f are provided as indicated by reference numerals a to f, but the number of the crossbars 16a to 16f is arbitrarily set. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, side guards 17 made of a plurality of rods extending in the horizontal direction are attached to the left and right sides of the loading platform 11. Note that FIG. 1 shows the inside of the loading platform 11 in a state where one of the main frames 14 is removed.

A wheel support unit 21 is arranged on the rear end side of the loading platform 11, and the wheel support unit 21 is provided with two wheels 22 on each side as shown in FIG. The wheel support unit 21 includes an axle 23 that supports the wheels 22 and a suspension (not shown) that is composed of a spring member (not shown) and supports the axle 23. In FIG. 2, the alternate long and short dash line S1 indicates the center line of the axle 23.

A front wheel support unit 25 is arranged on the front end side of the loading platform 11, and the wheel support unit 25 is provided with two wheels 26 on each side, as shown in FIG. Like the front wheel wheel support unit 21, the wheel support unit 25 includes an axle 27 and a suspension (not shown) that supports the axle 27. In FIG. 2, the alternate long and short dash line S2 indicates the center line of the axle 27. The trailer 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is in a form in which wheels are provided on the front end side and the rear end side thereof.

4 (A) is an enlarged plan view of part A in FIG. 2, FIG. 4 (B) is an enlarged plan view of part B in FIG. 2, and FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line CC in FIG. is there.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4A, a circular annular member 31 is fixed to the wheel support unit 25 on the front side. As shown in FIG. 5, the annular member 31 is formed by a main body portion 31a made of a U-shaped steel material and an attachment portion 31b made of an annular steel plate joined thereto, and the attachment portion 31b is shown in the drawing. It is fixed to the wheel support unit 25 on the tip end side of the loading platform 11 by a screw member that does not. A rotating ring 32 made of an L-shaped steel material is fixed to the upper surface of the main body 31a. The rotating ring 32 has a vertical portion 32a and a mounting portion 32b integrated with the vertical portion 32a, and the mounting portion 32b is fixed to the main body portion 31a by a screw member (not shown).

A guide ring 33 is fixed to the lower surfaces of the two main frames 14 and 15, and the guide ring 33 connects the two main frames 14 and 15. The guide ring 33 has a vertical portion 33a inserted inside the vertical portion 32a and a mounting portion 33b integrated with the vertical portion 33a, and the mounting portion 33b is fixed to the main frames 14 and 15 by a screw member (not shown). .. A ball 34 is incorporated between the guide ring 33 and the rotation ring 32 so that the rotation ring 32 rotates smoothly with respect to the guide ring 33.

As shown in FIG. 5, the rotation ring 32 is guided by the guide ring 33 around the rotation center axis, that is, the vertical axis V, and rotates with respect to the main frames 14, 15, that is, the loading platform 11. A connecting member 35 is attached to the annular member 31, and the connecting member 35 extends in the radial direction and a part thereof protrudes above the annular member 31. A drive pin 36 as a swivel member on the drive side is rotatably attached to the connecting member 35, and the central axis P of the drive pin 36 is deviated from the vertical axis V by an eccentric amount E1. The eccentric direction of the drive pin 36 is one side in the vehicle width direction with respect to the vertical axis V, and the drive pin 36 turns around the vertical axis V.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a connecting rod, that is, a draw bar 37 is attached to the annular member 31, and a pin mounting hole 38 is provided at the tip of the draw bar 37. When the trailer 10 is connected to a towing vehicle such as a tractor, a pin provided in the towing vehicle is inserted into a pin mounting hole 38, and the trailer 10 is connected to the towing vehicle by a drawbar 37. When the trailer 10 is towed by a towing vehicle and towed, when the traveling direction of the towing vehicle is changed and the towing vehicle turns to the left or right, the drawbar 37 is centered on the vertical axis V which is the rotation center axis. Therefore, the annular member 31 and the wheel support unit 25 also rotate. As a result, the front wheel 26 is turned in the traveling direction of the towing vehicle. At this time, the drive pin 36 is driven to turn around the vertical axis V in the same direction as the wheel support unit 25 with respect to the loading platform 11 as the towing vehicle turns.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4B, an annular member 41 having a structure similar to that of the annular member 31 described above is provided on the rear end side of the loading platform 11, and the annular member 41 is attached to the wheel support unit 21. Has been done. Similar to the annular member 31 described above, a rotating ring similar to the rotating ring 32 described above is fixed to the annular member 41, and a guide ring similar to the guide ring 33 described above is fixed to the main frames 14 and 15. ing. A connecting member 42 is attached to the annular member 41, and a driven pin 43 as a swivel member on the driven side is attached to the connecting member 42. The central axis Q of the driven pin 43 deviates from the vertical axis V by an eccentric amount E2. The eccentric direction of the driven pin 43 is on the other side of the vehicle width direction with respect to the vertical axis V, and is opposite to the eccentric direction of the drive pin 36. As described above, the driven pin 43 is attached to the wheel support unit 21 via the connecting member 42 and the annular member 41.

A steering rod 44 is connected between the drive pin 36 as the swivel member on the drive side and the driven pin 43 as the swivel member on the driven side as shown in FIG. The drive pin 36 is connected to the front end of the steering rod 44 via the bearing 36a, and the driven pin 43 is connected to the rear end of the steering rod 44 via the bearing 43a. Since the rotation center axes of the drive pin 36 and the driven pin 43 are eccentric in the direction opposite to the vertical axis V, the steering rod 44 is inclined in the width direction of the loading platform 11. Therefore, when the drive pin 36 is swiveled with respect to the loading platform 11 about the vertical axis V, the swivel motion of the drive pin 36 is in the opposite phase and converted into the swivel motion of the driven pin 43 by the steering rod 44. Is transmitted. In this way, the steering mechanism is configured by the steering rod 44, the drive pin 36, the driven pin 43, and the like.

Therefore, when the towing vehicle is turned to the left, for example, the wheel support unit 25 is turned in the same direction as the towing vehicle via the drawbar 37, and the drive pin 36 is turned to the left in FIG. When the turning motion of the drive pin 36 is transmitted to the turning motion of the driven pin 43 in the opposite phase via the steering rod 44, the rear wheel support unit 21 is turned to the right. As a result, the difference between the inner wheels of the front wheels 26 and the rear wheels 22 of the trailer 10 when the trailer 10 turns can be reduced. The eccentric amount E2 of the driven pin 43 is twice the eccentric amount E1 of the drive pin 36. For example, when the front wheel support unit 25 turns 30 degrees to the left, the rear wheel support unit 21 steers. It turns 15 degrees to the right via the rod 44. When the steering rod 44 is driven, the steering rod 44 shifts and moves in the vehicle width direction. The steering rod 44 is formed by connecting three rods, a front end portion 44a, a central portion 44b, and a rear end portion 44c, with a screw member.

6 (A) is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line DD in FIG. 2, and FIG. 6 (B) is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line EE in FIG. FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the crossbar 16a shown in FIG. 6A as viewed from the rear side.

As shown in FIG. 7, the crossbar 16a has a main portion 46 provided with a recess 45 opened downward, and the main portion 46 is fixed to the main frames 14 and 15 at both ends thereof. The main portion 46 has a vertical wall 46a and horizontal walls 46b and 46c integrated with the vertical wall 46a above and below the vertical wall 46a, and the main portion 46 has a recess 45 formed in a steel material having a U-shaped cross section. It is formed by providing.

A detachable portion 47 is detachably attached to the main portion 46 by a screw member 48. The detachable portion 47 has a vertical wall 47a abutted against the vertical wall 46a of the main portion 46 and a horizontal wall 47b abutted against the horizontal wall 46c, and the vertical wall 47a is provided with a recess 45a facing the recess 45. ing. The vertical wall 47a and the horizontal wall 47b of the detachable portion 47 are each provided with mounting holes 48a, and the main portion 46 is also provided with mounting holes corresponding to the respective mounting holes 48a. When the attachment / detachment portion 47 is attached to the main portion 46, a through hole 49 is formed by the recess 45 of the main portion 46 and the recess 45a of the attachment / detachment portion 47. The steering rod 44 penetrates through the through hole 49. Depending on the size of the recess 45 provided in the main portion 46, the thickness of the steering rod 44, and the like, the detachable portion 47 in which the recess 45a is not provided can be used.

Like the crossbar 16a, the crossbar 16f also includes a main portion 46 and an attachment / detachment portion 47. When the attachment / detachment portion 47 is attached to the main portion 46, a through hole 49 is formed by the recess 45 and the attachment / detachment portion 47. To However, since the steering rod 44 is inclined, the position where the through hole 49 is formed is different in the vehicle width direction. FIG. 6 shows the crossbars 16a and 16f, but the other crossbars 16b to 16e also include a main portion 46 and a detachable portion 47. However, the position where the through hole 49 is formed is different in the vehicle width direction.

In FIG. 6A, reference numeral T1 indicates a stroke of shifting movement of the steering rod 44 in the through hole 49 of the crossbar 16a in the vehicle width direction, and in FIG. 6B, reference numeral T2 is a through hole 49 of the crossbar 16f. Shows a similar shift movement stroke of the steering rod 44 in. The length of the recess 45 in the vehicle width direction is set to a dimension including the displacement movement stroke of the steering rod 44.

As described above, when each of the crossbars 16a to 16f is formed by the main portion 46 and the attachment / detachment portion 47 attached to the main portion 46, a through hole 49 is formed in each crossbar, but the attachment / detachment portion 47 is the main portion. Since it has a portion to be laminated on the 46, each crossbar can have a desired strength. Further, if the steering rod 44 is arranged between the loading platform 11 and the box body 12 or the steering rod 44 is arranged under the loading platform 11, the height of the trailer 10 becomes high, but the steering rod 44 Since it is incorporated in the crossbar, that is, inside the loading platform 11, the steering mechanism including the steering rod 44 can be mounted on the trailer 10 without increasing the height of the trailer 10.

Further, since each crossbar is provided with a main portion 46 and a detachable portion 47, when the steering rod 44 is maintained and inspected or replaced with a new one, the screw member 48 is loosened to loosen the detachable portion 47. By removing from the main portion 46, the steering rod 44 can be easily removed from the inside of the loading platform 11. Since the steering rod 44 is formed by connecting a plurality of parts such as the tip portion 44a, when the steering rod 44 is removed from the inside of the loading platform 11, the steering rod 44 is separated into the plurality of parts and the steering rod 44 is separated. The 44 can also be removed from the loading platform 11.

FIG. 8A is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line FF in FIG. 2, and FIG. 8B is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line GG in FIG. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing the guide holder shown in FIG.

A plurality of support rods 51a to 51c are attached between the main frames 14 and 15, and the bracket 52 is fixed to each of the support rods 51a to 51c. A removable guide holder 53 is screwed to the bracket 52. As shown in FIG. 9, the guide holder 53 includes an upper guide rod 54 and a lower guide rod 55 each made of an L-shaped steel material, and each is attached to the bracket 52 by a screw member 56. An elongated hole 56a through which the screw member 56 penetrates is provided in the vertical portion of the upper guide rod 54 and the lower guide rod 55, and both ends of the horizontal portion of the upper guide rod 54 and the lower guide rod 55 are screw members. It is connected by 57.

A resin guide member 58 is attached to the lower guide rod 55, and a resin guide member 59 is similarly attached to the upper guide rod 54. A gap 60 into which the steering rod 44 enters is formed between the guide members 58 and 59. The vertical dimension of the gap 60 is slightly larger than the thickness dimension in the vertical direction of the steering rod 44, and the steering rod 44 is slidably supported by the lower guide member 58. When the trailer 10 moves upward due to vibration, the upper surface of the steering rod 44 is supported by the upper guide member 59.

The guide holder 53 shown in FIG. 8A and the guide holder 53 shown in FIG. 8B have the same structure, and are attached to the support rods 51a and 51b in different positions in the vehicle width direction. There is. Further, the guide holder 53 attached to the support rod 51b shown in FIG. 2 has the same structure as the other guide holders, and the positions in the vehicle width direction are the positions shown in FIGS. 8 (A) and 8 (B). The guide holder 53 is attached to the support rod 51b at a position in the middle of the above. Although three guide holders 53 are attached to the loading platform 11 in FIG. 2, the number of guide holders 53 attached to the loading platform 11 is not limited to three.

As shown in FIG. 2, the strength of the loading platform 11 is also increased by the support rods 51a to 51c for attaching the guide holder 53. Further, the guide holder 53 can be removed from the bracket 52 by loosening the screw member 56. Further, by loosening the screw member 56, only the lower guide rod 55 can be removed. As a result, when the steering rod 44 is maintained and inspected or replaced with a new one, the steering rod 44 can be easily removed from the inside of the loading platform 11 by removing the guide holder 53 or the lower guide rod 55. it can.

1 and 2 show a full trailer with one rear axle, but the rear axle may be two or more. Further, the above-mentioned steering mechanism can be applied not only to the full trailer but also to the semi-trailer.

FIG. 10A is a schematic view showing a rear wheel two-axis full trailer 10 in which a semi-trailer 10a is used as a towing vehicle and front and rear wheels 22a and 22b are provided on the rear side. The full trailer 10 is connected to the semi-trailer 10a, which is a towing vehicle, by a draw bar 37. The trailer 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be connected to the towing vehicle by the drawbar 37 with the semi-trailer 10a as the towing vehicle.

FIG. 10B is a schematic view showing a semi-trailer 10c with a tractor 10b as a towing vehicle. The semi-trailer 10c is provided with a kingpin 61, the kingpin 61 is fitted into a fitting hole of a coupler 62 provided in the tractor 10b, and the semi-trailer 10c is connected to the tractor 10b. A swivel disc 63 is rotatably incorporated inside the loading platform 11, and a drive pin (not shown) to which the tip of the steering rod 44 is connected is provided on the swivel disc 63. On the other hand, an engaging protrusion 64 is provided on the lower surface of the swivel disc 63, and the engaging protrusion 64 is engaged with a guide groove (not shown) provided on the coupler 62. When the tractor 10b changes the traveling direction, the engaging projection 64 is guided by the guide groove to be swiveled according to the swivel angle of the tractor 10b, and the swivel disk 63 and the drive pin attached to the swivel disk 63 are swiveled. It is driven in the turning direction of. As a result, the driven pins 43 provided at the rear end of the steering rod 44 are driven in opposite phases. In this way, the trailer of the present invention can also be connected to the tractor 10b and towed.

In either form, since the steering rod 44 is provided inside the loading platform 11 including the main frames 14 and 15 and the crossbar, the strength of the loading platform 11 is maintained while suppressing the height of the loading platform 11 to a constant height. can do. Further, the steering rod 44 can be easily removed from the inside of the loading platform 11.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist thereof. For example, FIGS. 1 and 2 show a van type full trailer, but the present invention can also be applied to a wing type or a type of full trailer or a semi-trailer on which a box is not mounted. Further, the present invention can be applied to a center axle type trailer.

10 Trailer 11 Loading platform 12 Box body 14 Main frame 16a to 16f Crossbar 21 Wheel support unit 23 Axle 25 Wheel support unit 27 Axle 31 Ring member 32 Rotating ring 33 Guide ring 35 Connecting member 36 Drive pin (Swivel member on the drive side)
41 Ring member 42 Connecting member 43 Driven pin (swing member on the driven side)
44 Steering rod 45 Recess 46 Main part 47 Detachable part 49 Through hole 51a to 51c Support rod 52 Bracket 53 Guide holder 54 Upper guide rod 55 Lower guide rod 58, 59 Guide member

Claims (5)

A trailer having a loading platform having a plurality of main frames extending in the longitudinal direction and a crossbar connected between the main frames, and being towed by a towing vehicle.
A swivel member on the drive side that is rotatably mounted on the tip end side of the loading platform and is swiveled with respect to the loading platform around a vertical axis as the towing vehicle turns.
A wheel support unit that is located behind the swivel member and is located below the loading platform to support the left and right wheels.
A swivel member on the driven side that is attached to the wheel support unit and rotates with respect to the loading platform.
It has a steering rod connected between the swivel member on the drive side and the swivel member on the driven side.
The crossbar has a main portion provided with a concave portion opened downward and fixed to the main frame, and a detachable portion that is detachably attached to the main portion and forms a through hole through which the steering rod penetrates. A trailer with a steering mechanism that has and. In the trailer provided with the steering mechanism according to claim 1, a guide holder detachably attached to the main frame and a resin guide member provided on the guide holder and slidably supporting the lower surface of the steering rod. A trailer with a steering mechanism. In the trailer provided with the steering mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, the trailer is arranged on the front end side of the loading platform, has a front wheel support unit that supports the left and right wheels on the front side, and the swivel member on the drive side is said. A trailer with a steering mechanism that can be attached to the front wheel support unit. In the trailer provided with the steering mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the steering rod transmits the swivel motion of the swivel member on the drive side to the swivel motion of the swivel member on the driven side in the opposite phase. A trailer equipped with a steering mechanism. In the trailer provided with the steering mechanism according to claim 4, the trailer provided with a steering mechanism, wherein the driven-side turning member has a turning angle smaller than the turning angle of the driving-side turning member.

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