JP6815039B2 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a heat exchange device, and more particularly to a heat exchange device capable of increasing the efficiency of hot water and heating while greatly reducing the thermal resistance and minimizing the amount of energy resources such as gas and oil. It is a thing.

In general, a heat exchanger is a device that transfers heat from a fluid having a high temperature to a fluid having a low temperature through a heat exchanger having good heat conduction efficiency, and is mainly used in products such as air conditioners, boilers, refrigerators, and heaters.

Among them, a boiler is a device that heats water filled in a closed container inside or outside the container to generate hot water or high-temperature, high-pressure steam, and the hot water or steam generated by the boiler is in a high-temperature state. Therefore, it is used for winter heating by utilizing such high temperature characteristics, or electricity is produced by moving the steam turbine of a thermal power plant by utilizing the high pressure characteristics of generated steam. It is used in the field.

In particular, the consumption of natural gas, which has less environmental pollution than other fossil fuels, has increased significantly worldwide, and the recent mining of shale gas will further expand heating and hot water using natural gas in the future. Expected to be done.

Currently, heat exchange devices such as household and industrial gas boilers for heating and hot water are widely used, and the efficiency is 20% or more due to the development of condensin technology that recovers and reuses waste heat. It was greatly increased. However, due to extreme weather events caused by global warming, not only the average temperature in winter gradually decreased, but also severe cold weather continued for several days, which led to an increase in consumption of energy resources such as oil and gas. ..

Therefore, there is a great need to develop a heat exchange device that can improve the efficiency of hot water and heating while minimizing the amount of energy used such as gas, oil, and electricity.

Korea Registered Utility Model Gazette No. 20-0255210 (Registration date: 2001.11.12)

The present invention was devised to solve the above-mentioned problems, and greatly reduces thermal resistance to improve the efficiency of hot water and heating while minimizing the use of energy resources such as gas, oil, and electricity. It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat exchange device capable of providing a heat exchanger.

To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the heat exchange device according to one aspect of the present invention is coupled to a fluid distribution / integration unit that distributes or integrates inflow or outflow fluid, and a fluid distribution / integration unit, which is composed of a plurality of plates. A fluid pipeline in which at least one pipeline branches into a plurality of pipelines based on the flow rate per unit area, and each branched pipeline re-branches at least one step based on the flow rate per unit area. A fluid pipeline plate in which is formed, and a fine pipeline plate in which linear pipelines are formed corresponding to each of the fluid pipelines branched by the final stage of the fluid pipeline plate inside the plurality of plates. The fluid distribution / integration section and the fluid pipeline plate are characterized in that they are formed symmetrically with respect to the fine pipeline plate.

In the heat exchange device described above, pipelines corresponding to the respective pipelines branched by the final stage of the fluid pipeline plate are formed inside a plurality of plates, and each pipeline is based on the flow rate per unit area. It may further include an intermediate pipeline plate in which an intermediate fluid pipeline is formed that branches into a plurality of pipelines at least in one stage or more. In this case, in the microtubule plate, the pipes corresponding to the respective pipes branched by the final stage of the intermediate pipe plate are formed in a linear direction inside the plurality of plates, and the intermediate pipe plate is the microtubule plate. Is formed symmetrically with respect to.

Here, the fluid pipeline plate, the microtubule plate, and the intermediate pipeline plate have a plate shape in which convex and concave surfaces are repeated at a predetermined depth and width.

In addition, a plurality of ignition points are formed on the lower intermediate pipeline plate with reference to the microtubule plate or the microtubule plate.

Here, it is preferable that the fluid pipeline plate and the intermediate pipeline plate have their respective pipelines branched at 1: 2 or 1: 3.

In addition, a circular pipeline is formed in the fluid pipeline plate by using die casting or cutting, and an intermediate pipeline plate and a fine pipeline plate are formed by etching (etching). Is preferable.

Further, the fluid pipeline plate, the intermediate pipeline plate and the microtubule plate can be formed by joining two plates in which the pipeline is installed by a brazing or soldering method.

Further, the fluid pipeline plate and the intermediate pipeline plate can each be configured by combining a plurality of layers corresponding to the stage in which the pipeline is branched.

In addition, the fluid pipeline plate, the microtubule plate, and the intermediate pipeline plate are each composed of flat plates and are connected to each other, and at least one position of the intermediate pipeline plate below the microtubule plate or the microtubule plate. The heat rays of the book can be installed horizontally.

Further, the intermediate pipeline plate and the microtubule plate can be integrally formed by using a 3D printer.

According to the present invention, the thermal resistance of heat exchangers such as water heaters and boilers is greatly reduced to improve the efficiency of hot water and heating while minimizing the use of energy resources such as gas, oil and electricity. be able to.

Further, according to the present invention, by branching the pipeline through which the fluid flows into a plurality of stages based on the flow rate per unit area, the fluid can flow smoothly until it flows into the heat exchanger and flows out. ..

Further, according to the present invention, by forming the branch structure of the pipeline and the formation of the microtubule with a plate structure, not only the production of the boiler can be facilitated, but also the production cost can be greatly reduced.

Further, according to the present invention, the heat exchange device is formed with a symmetrical structure with respect to the fine pipeline plate, and a structure in which the pipeline is branched based on the flow rate per unit area of each pipeline is formed. As a result, the pressure loss of the fluid flowing inside can be reduced, the formation of bubbles can be prevented, and the flow of the fluid can be prevented from being obstructed.

Further, according to the present invention, the use of fossil fuel can be reduced and the fluid can be heated in a short time by heating the fluid through an electric heat ray using electricity without using fossil fuel as fuel. it can.

It is a drawing which showed the apparent case of the heat exchange apparatus by one Example of this invention, FIG. 1a is a perspective view of the apparent case, FIG. 1b is a plan view of the apparent case, and FIG. 1c is a side surface of the apparent case. It is a figure. It is a drawing which showed schematic the structure of the heat exchange apparatus by one Example of this invention. It is a drawing which showed typically the example of the fluid distribution / integration part of the heat exchange apparatus shown in FIG. It is a drawing which showed schematicly the fluid conduit plate of the heat exchange apparatus shown in FIG. It is a drawing which showed schematicly the microtubule plate of the heat exchange apparatus shown in FIG. It is a figure which showed schematicly the intermediate pipeline plate of the heat exchange apparatus shown in FIG. It is a drawing which showed the example in which the ignition point of the intermediate pipeline plate shown in FIG. 6 is installed. It is a perspective view of the heat exchange apparatus which combined the fluid line plate, the microtubule plate and the intermediate line plate. It is sectional drawing which showed the formation example of the pipeline of the heat exchange apparatus shown in FIG. It is a side sectional view of the heat exchange apparatus according to another embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the heat exchange apparatus shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, the heat exchange apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

FIG. 1 is a drawing showing an apparent case of a heat exchange device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1a is a perspective view of the apparent case, FIG. 1b is a plan view of the apparent case, and FIG. 1c is an apparent case. It is a side view of a case.

According to FIG. 1, the heat exchange device according to the embodiment of the present invention can be mounted in the apparent case 10 as shown in FIG. At this time, the apparent case 10 can be embodied in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, and piping ports 12 through which pipes for inflow and outflow of fluids such as gas, oil, and water are penetrated are formed on the upper surface and the lower surface. be able to.

FIG. 2 is a drawing schematically showing a configuration of a heat exchange device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

According to FIG. 2, the heat exchange apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention can include a fluid distribution / integration unit 110, a fluid pipeline plate 120, a microtubule plate 130, and an intermediate pipeline plate 140.

The fluid distribution / integration unit 110 is installed on the fluid inlet side and the fluid outlet side of the heat exchanger, respectively, and distributes or integrates the inflow or outflow fluid. At this time, as shown in FIG. 3, the fluid distribution unit 110 distributes the fluid flowing into the heat exchange device to the plurality of pipelines 114 by the primary distributor 112, and a plurality of fluids flowing through the respective pipelines 114. Distribute with the plate distributor 116 of.

Since the fluid integration unit 110 has the same structure as the fluid distribution unit 110 and is installed symmetrically with the fluid distribution unit 110, it is given the same reference number as the fluid distribution unit 110. At this time, the fluid integration unit 110 integrates the fluid flowing out of the heat exchanger using the plurality of plate integraters 116, and reintegrates the fluid flowing through each plate integrater 116 into the plurality of pipelines 114. The final integrater 112 integrates the fluid flowing out through the respective pipelines 114 and discharges it to the outside. In the following, the description of the fluid integration unit 110 will refer to the description of the fluid distribution unit 110.

The fluid pipeline plate 120 is each coupled to the fluid distribution / integration unit 110, and at least one pipeline is branched into a plurality of pipelines based on the flow rate per unit area inside the plurality of plates, and each of the branched pipelines is branched. A fluid pipeline is formed in which the pipeline re-branches at least one step based on the flow rate per unit area. At this time, as shown in FIG. 4, the fluid pipeline plate 120 can be formed of a plate shape in which convex and concave surfaces are repeated at a predetermined depth and width. Further, the fluid pipeline plate 120 is formed by forming a semi-circular pipeline groove on one plate by using die casting or cutting, and then forming a semi-circular pipeline groove facing the other plate. , Two plates can be joined by blazing or soldering method. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the fluid pipeline plate 120 can be embodied in a plurality of layers depending on the stage in which the pipeline branches. That is, in the fluid pipeline plate 122 of the uppermost layer, fluid inflow holes 125 into which fluid flows from the fluid distribution unit 110 are vertically formed, and each fluid inflow hole is formed at the upper end of the fluid pipeline plate 124 of the second layer. The upper end pipeline 126 through which the fluid flows through 125 and the branch inflow hole 126 in which each fluid inflow hole 125 branches can be formed vertically. Such a layered structure can be embodied in a plurality of layers depending on the branching stage of the pipeline. At this time, each pipeline can be branched in the form of 1: 2 or 1: 3, and the diameter of each branching pipeline can be determined based on the flow rate per unit area of the pipeline before branching. it can. That is, assuming that the A pipeline is branched into three B pipelines, the flow rate per unit area can be established as in the mathematical formula 1.

(Number 1)
(Π / 4) × (Diameter of A pipeline) ² × Fluid velocity of A pipeline = 3 × (π / 4) × (Diameter of B pipeline) ² × Fluid velocity of B pipeline

Here, if the flow rate of the pipeline before branching and the combined flow rate of the pipeline after branching are different, there is a possibility that the fluid flow may be obstructed, so the flow rate between each pipeline should be constant. It is preferably retained. Therefore, the diameter of each branch can be determined based on the flow rate per unit area as in the mathematical formula 1.

In the microtubule plate 130, linear pipelines are formed inside the plurality of plates corresponding to the respective pipelines branched by the final stage of the fluid pipeline plate 120. That is, as shown in FIG. 5a, the microtubule plate 130 is composed of a plurality of plates having the same shape as the fluid pipe plate 120, and is branched inside each plate by the final stage of the fluid pipe plate 120. The pipeline 132 corresponding to the pipeline is formed in the linear direction. At this time, the microtubule plate 130 can form semicircular pipelines facing each other on the two plates by utilizing etching, and can be joined by a brazing or soldering method. Here, the fluid distribution / integration portion 110 and the fluid pipeline plate 120 are preferably formed symmetrically with respect to the microtubule plate 130.

On the other hand, the etching technique is a technique for chemically corroding and removing a desired pattern on a selected portion of a substance surface by using an acid or other corrosive agent, and is used in a manufacturing process of a semiconductor integrated circuit or the like. There are three types of etching: wet etching, dry etching (plasma etching), and ion milling. Wet etching is a method that uses an etching solution, which is inexpensive and has good selectivity, but it stains the surface and easily undercuts the resist. There are two types of plasma etching, one is neutral plasma and the other is charged plasma. Undercuts are significantly reduced (especially in the case of charged plasmas) but poor selectivity. Finally, ion milling removes the resist with an ion beam, which has good selectivity and precision, but is slow and can only be used with positive resists (undercut because the thickness of negative resists changes). It's easy to do).

Blazing or soldering is a technique that uses blazing to join thin metal plates. It is also called hard soldering. It heats the bonded part using brass brazing, silver brazing, etc. as an adhesive and melts it. Let and join. At this time, the adhesive is called a brazing material, and is often powdered or plate-shaped. The one with a lower melting point than the adhesive to be adhered is used, and the flux (solvent) is used for cleaning the adhesive surface, and most of them are boron-based. The work of heating and adhering the whole is called furnace brazing.

The intermediate pipeline plate 140 can be installed between the fluid pipeline plate 120 and the microtubule plate 130. The conduit of the microtubule plate 130 preferably has a diameter of 1 mm or less in order to generate a capillary pressure phenomenon, but for this purpose, a plurality of conduits are considered in consideration of the diameter of the uppermost conduit of the fluid conduit plate 120. A step branching process may be required.

Here, the capillarity is a phenomenon in which a liquid rises into a tube having a very narrow hole, and Giovanni Borelli proved that the height at which the liquid rises into the tube is inversely proportional to the internal diameter of the tube. Normally, when the diameter of the pipe is 0.5 mm, the height of the rising water is about 50 mm.

The intermediate pipeline plate 140 is embodied by a plurality of plates having the same shape as the fluid pipeline plate 120 and the capillary plate 130, and corresponds to each pipeline branched by the final stage of the fluid pipeline plate 120 inside each plate. An intermediate fluid line is formed in which each line branches into a plurality of lines at least one step based on the flow rate per unit area. At this time, in the intermediate pipeline plate 140, a form in which each pipeline is branched at 1: 2 or 1: 3 is formed by an etching method, or a vertical pipeline is formed as shown in FIG. 6 depending on the stage of branching. Multiple layers in which the is formed can also be combined. In this case, since the form of each layer is similar to the layer structure of the fluid pipeline plate 120, detailed description thereof will be omitted here. Further, the intermediate pipeline plate 140 can be formed by joining thin plates by a brazing or soldering method like the microtubule plate 130. Further, the intermediate pipeline plate 140 and the microtubule pipeline plate 130 can also be integrally formed by using a 3D printer. At this time, various known techniques can be applied to the method using a 3D printer, and detailed description thereof will be omitted here.

Here, in the microtubule plate 130, pipelines corresponding to the respective pipelines branched by the final stage of the intermediate pipeline plate 140 are formed in a linear direction inside the plurality of plates, and the intermediate pipeline plate 140 is fine. It is formed symmetrically with respect to the pipeline plate 130. At this time, as shown in FIG. 7, the intermediate pipeline plate 140 at the lower end with respect to the microtubule plate 130 has a plurality of ignition points 146 between the respective plates of the plurality of layer structures 142 and 144 of the lowermost middle layer 144. Can be provided. Here, the ignition point 146 is for raising the temperature of the fluid flowing through the pipeline, and can be provided between the plates in an irregular form. Further, here, although the ignition point 146 is shown and described as being formed on the intermediate pipeline plate 140, the ignition point 146 is formed between the lowermost plate of the microtubule plate 130. You can also.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a heat exchange device in which a fluid pipeline plate, a microtubule plate, and an intermediate pipeline plate are combined.

According to FIG. 8, in the heat exchange device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the fluid pipeline plate 120 and the intermediate pipeline plate 140 are each formed of a plurality of plates, and a branched pipeline is formed in each plate. By doing so, capillaries can be formed in the microtubule plate 130.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of forming a pipeline of a heat exchange device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 9, assuming that each of the four pipelines branches in the order of 1: 2 → 1: 2 → 1: 3 → 1: 3 → 1: 3, there are 432 microtubule plates 130. Pipeline is formed. In such a manner, the microtubule plate 130 can form a capillary having a diameter of 1 mm or less, and can prevent the flow of the fluid velocity from being obstructed.

In the case of a general boiler device, the fluid inside the pipe is heated by the heat supplied from the outside. At this time, in order to heat the water inside the pipe, the heat from the outside must be transferred to the water inside through the pipe, but in this process, the thermal resistance due to the thickness of the pipe and the thermal resistance due to the thermal conductivity of the pipe, Thermal resistance is generated due to the volume of space inside the pipe.

In the embodiment of the present invention, by embodying a tube having a diameter of about 20 mm in a diameter of 1 mm or less, the thermal resistance can be minimized and the fluid can be heated instantaneously. That is, a pipe having a diameter of 20 mm has a pipe wall thickness of about 2 mm, and a cross-sectional area where the fluid inside the pipe moves is 0.000314 m ² . Assuming that the pipe has a diameter of 0.5 mm, the thickness of the pipe wall is 0.15 mm, and the cross-sectional area where the fluid moves inside is 0.0000000196 m ² . A simple arithmetic calculation shows that the thermal resistance due to thickness decreased by 13 times and the thermal resistance due to area decreased by 1600 times. This means that, in other words, if the heat exchanger in the bundle-shaped combustor composed of 0.5 mm tubes is heated, almost no thermal resistance is generated. When an existing boiler system heats at several hundred degrees to produce hot water within 100 degrees, the heat exchanger according to the embodiment of the present invention can heat at a temperature within 100 degrees to produce hot water at 90 degrees or more. it can.

FIG. 10 is a side sectional view of the heat exchange device according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 11 is a plan view of the heat exchange device shown in FIG.

According to FIGS. 10 and 11, in the heat exchange device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the fluid pipeline plate 120, the microtubule plate 130, and the intermediate pipeline plate 140 are repeatedly convex and concave at a predetermined depth and width. Instead of being plate-shaped, each can be made of flat plates and joined to each other. At this time, at least one electric heat ray 148 can be installed in the horizontal direction at the position of the intermediate pipeline plate 140 below the microtubule plate 130 or the microtubule plate 130. At this time, since there is almost no thermal resistance between the fluid flowing through the microtubule of the microtubule plate 130 or the pipeline of the intermediate pipeline plate 140 and the electric heat ray 148, the fluid can be heated within a short time. ..

Claims (9)

A fluid distribution / integration unit that distributes or integrates inflow or outflow fluids,
Coupled to the fluid distribution / integration section, at least one pipeline inside the plurality of plates branches into a plurality of pipelines based on the flow rate per unit area, and each branched pipeline is per unit area. A fluid pipeline plate in which a fluid pipeline is formed that re-branches at least one step based on the flow rate.
Inside the plurality of plates, pipelines corresponding to the respective pipelines branched by the final stage of the fluid pipeline plate are formed, and each pipeline has a plurality of at least one stage based on the flow rate per unit area. An intermediate pipeline plate with an intermediate fluid pipeline that branches into the pipeline,
A microtubule plate in which pipelines corresponding to the respective pipelines branched by the final stage of the intermediate pipeline plate are formed in a linear direction inside the plurality of plates is included.
A heat exchange device characterized in that the fluid distribution / integration unit, the fluid pipeline plate, and the intermediate pipeline plate are formed symmetrically with respect to the microtubule plate. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, wherein the fluid pipeline plate, the microtubule plate, and the intermediate pipeline plate have a plate shape in which convex and concave surfaces are repeated at a predetermined depth and width. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of ignition points are formed on the microtubule plate or the intermediate pipe plate below the microtubule plate as a reference. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, wherein the fluid pipeline plate and the intermediate pipeline plate have their respective pipelines branched at 1: 2 or 1: 3. The fluid pipeline plate is formed by using die casting or cutting to form a circular pipeline.
The heat exchange device according to claim 1, wherein a pipeline is formed in the intermediate pipeline plate and the microtubule plate by utilizing etching. The first aspect of claim 1, wherein the fluid pipeline plate, the intermediate pipeline plate, and the microtubule plate are formed by joining two plates on which pipelines are installed by a brazing or soldering method. Heat exchanger. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, wherein the fluid pipeline plate and the intermediate pipeline plate are formed by combining a plurality of layers corresponding to the stages in which the pipeline is branched. The fluid pipeline plate, the microtubule plate, and the intermediate pipeline plate are each made of a flat plate and connected to each other, and the microtubule plate or the intermediate pipeline plate below the microtubule plate is used as a reference. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, wherein at least one heat ray is installed in the horizontal direction at the position. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate pipeline plate and the microtubule plate are integrally formed by using a 3D printer.

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