JP6813879B2 - 植物病害抵抗性誘導剤及び植物病害防除方法 - Google Patents
植物病害抵抗性誘導剤及び植物病害防除方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
-5-carboxylic acid)などが存在し、殺菌性農薬に抵抗性誘導効果が見出された例もある。また最近では希少糖の一部に抵抗性誘導活性が見出されている。また各種アミノ酸に抵抗性誘導効果があることも古くから知られている。これらの化合物の薬理作用ははっきりしていない。
Ser-Gly-Pro-Xaa1-Xaa2-Xaa3-Gln (XI)
(式(XI)中、Xaa1はAsn、Pro、またはArgを示し、Xaa2はPro、Arg、His、Leu、またはAsnを示し、Xaa3はHis、Ile、Ser、Arg、Cys、Trp、Gln、Asn、またはLeu を示す)
で表されるアミノ酸配列からなり、該アミノ酸配列のアミノ末端のα−アミノ基とカルボキシル末端のカルボキシル基がペプチド結合で連結された環状ペプチドである化合物であって、より具体的には、下記式(I)、(II)、(III)、(IV)、(V)、(VI)、(VII)、(VIII)、(IX)、または(X)で示される化合物であり、本発明の植物病害抵抗性誘導剤は、これらの化合物の少なくともいずれか一つを有効成分として含有するものであり、本発明の植物病害防除方法は、この植物病害抵抗性誘導剤を植物体に投与または圃場に散布するものである。
(1)過敏感細胞死を亢進する化合物の探索と同定
パラレルペプチド合成機で有機合成した7残基の環状ペプチド8,000化合物(20mM DMSO溶解)のうち1,600化合物を使用した。
まず、シロイヌナズナ培養細胞を用い、非親和性病原細菌であるPseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 avrRpm1 (以下、「Pst-avrRpm1」という。)の感染に対して示す病害抵抗性反応の1つである過敏感細胞死を増強する活性を指標としたスクリーニングを行った。
各候補化合物が、実際に植物体への投与により病害抵抗性を誘導しうるかどうかを下記の方法によって検討した。
シロイヌナズナを3週間栽培し(短日条件(8時間light/16時間dark))、100μMの各化合物を含むOD600=0.00015の濃度の親和性Peudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst)の懸濁液(10mM MgCl2)懸濁溶液を葉の裏側から針のない1mLシリンジを用いてアポプラスト内に注入した。陰性対照実験として化合物の溶媒であるDMSO、陽性対照実験としてサリチル酸(100μM)を加えた菌懸濁液を使用した。3日後に直径6mmのコルクボーラーにて葉をくり抜き、3枚を2mlチューブに移し、ジルコニアボール(φ3mm)4粒を加えて液体窒素で凍結した。その後、破砕機(バイオメディカルサイエンス シェイクマスターネオ)で葉を3分間粉砕した。このサンプルからRNAを抽出し (Invitrogen PureLink RNA purification kit)、各RNAを元にcDNAを合成した(Takara PrimeScriptTM RT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser)。シロイヌナズナのCBP20遺伝子、およびPstのrpoD遺伝子の特異的プライマーを用いてRT-PCR実験を行った。
次に、ミナトカモジグサ(Brachypodium distachyon)を3週間栽培し(長日条件(20時間light/4時間dark))、葉身を切葉にして水で湿らせた濾紙を敷いたシャーレに置き、100μMの各化合物を含む溶液を噴霧処理した。陰性対照実験として化合物の溶媒であるDMSO、陽性対照実験としてサリチル酸(100μM)を加えた菌懸濁液を使用した。24時間後にいもち病菌(Magnaporthe oryzae strain Guy11)の胞子懸濁液を滴下接種した。
ミナトカモジグサ(Brachypodium distachyon)を3週間栽培し(長日条件(20時間light/4時間dark))、葉身を切葉にして水で湿らせた濾紙を敷いたシャーレに置き、100μMの各化合物を含む溶液を噴霧処理した。陰性対照実験として化合物の溶媒であるDMSO、対照実験としてサリチル酸(100μM)を加えた菌懸濁液を使用した。24時間後に紋枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani AG-1)の菌糸プラグを接種した。接種3日後に切葉の葉身を2mLチューブに移し、ジルコニアボール(φ3mm)4粒を加えて液体窒素で凍結した。その後、破砕機(バイオメディカルサイエンス シェイクマスターネオ)で葉を3分間粉砕した。このサンプルからゲノムDNAを抽出した (Takara NucleoSpin PlantII kit)。ミナトカモジグサのFIM遺伝子、および紋枯病菌のribosomal DNA (rDNA)遺伝子の特異的プライマーを用いてPCR実験を行った。
各候補化合物が植物の生育に与える影響を調べた。方法としては、滅菌したシロイヌナズナ種子を96穴プレート数粒ずつ分注し、50μMの化合物を溶解した1/2×MS液体培地を添加して、長日光条件下で培養してその生育を観察した。その結果、図5に示すように、いずれの化合物もシロイヌナズナの発芽及び緑化を抑制しなかった。
各候補化合物が斑葉細菌病菌の生育に与える影響、すなわち、各候補化合物が斑葉細菌病菌に対して抗菌活性等を有しているかを調べた。方法としては、4μLのPst懸濁液を96穴プレートに分注し、終濃度100μMになるように化合物を溶解した96μLのKing's B培地を添加して、28℃・100rpmで振盪培養した。対照実験として化合物の溶媒であるDMSO を添加したKing's B培地を使用した。21時間の振盪培養の後に培養液の吸光度(OD600)を測定した。その結果、図6に示すように、いずれの化合物も斑葉細菌病菌の生育を阻害しなかった。
各候補化合物が紋枯病菌の生育に与える影響すなわち、各候補化合物が紋枯病菌に対して抗菌活性等を有しているかを調べた。方法としては、終濃度100μMになるように化合物を溶解したPDA培地に紋枯病菌の菌糸プラグを接種して、25℃・暗所で24時間静置培養してその生育を観察した。対照実験として化合物の溶媒であるDMSO、真菌に対する抗生物質であるハイグロマイシンを添加したPDA培地を使用した。その結果、図7に示すように、いずれの化合物も紋枯病菌の生育を阻害しなかった。
本発明者らは以前に植物免疫活性化剤の作用の1つとしてサリチル酸に糖分子を付加して不活性化する酵素を発見した。そこで本発明に係る化合物がシロイヌナズナのサリチル酸配糖化酵素であるUGT76B1の酵素活性に与える影響を調べた。方法としては、終濃度10μM の阻害剤、または対照実験として化合物の溶媒であるDMSOを含む基質を除いた酵素反応液(0.2mM SA, 10mM MES, 40μM, 2mM MgCl2, 0.01% BSA, 0.3μg/mL UGT76B1)を混合し、室温で15分間静置した。基質となるUDP-glucoseを終濃度0.1mM となるように添加することで反応を開始し、37℃で2時間反応させた後、95℃で5分間熱処理して酵素反応を停止させた。SAGの生成量はHPLCによって測定した。その結果、図8に示すように、本発明に係る化合物はいずれもUGT76B1のサリチル酸配糖化活性を抑制しなかった。この結果から、今回得られた候補化合物はサリチル酸代謝抑制とは異なる機構で植物免疫を活性化していると考えられる。
Claims (3)
- 下記式(I)、(II)、(III)、(IV)、(V)、(VI)、(VII)、(VIII)、(IX)、または(X)で示される化合物。
- 請求項1に記載の少なくともいずれか1つの化合物を有効成分として含有する植物病害抵抗性誘導剤。
- 請求項2に記載の植物病害抵抗性誘導剤を植物体に投与または圃場に散布する植物病害防除方法。
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