JP6811955B2 - Battery - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a battery in which an activated carbon layer is provided on the surface of an electrode plate to improve performance.

In recent years, there has been a tendency for automobile CO ² emission regulations and fuel efficiency regulations to be tightened worldwide, and there is an urgent need for the Japanese automobile industry to develop environmentally friendly vehicles that can improve fuel efficiency and reduce CO ² emissions. There is. HVs (hybrid vehicles) and EVs (electric vehicles) are well known as such environmentally friendly vehicles, but their energy storage devices include nickel-hydrogen batteries and lithium-ion secondary vehicles, which have higher energy density and output density than lead-acid batteries. Batteries are used.

However, nickel-metal hydride batteries are inferior in battery capacity to lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion secondary batteries are said to be inferior in safety to nickel-metal hydride batteries, and both require a long time to charge. At present, there are advantages and disadvantages. Further, such a power storage device has a high material cost and needs to take safety measures, so that the cost is higher than that of a lead storage battery, which makes it difficult to reduce the vehicle price.

On the other hand, lead-acid batteries are an old technology that has been developed for more than 100 years, but they are still in the mainstream position for vehicles because of their low cost and high reliability. However, although the theoretical energy density of lead-acid batteries is higher than that of lithium-ion secondary batteries, they could not become mainstream for vehicle power. Lead-acid batteries are also widely used as storage devices in the fields of solar power generation and wind power generation, but even in power generation using this natural energy, the output level is stable due to the ever-changing sunshine and air volume conditions. There is also the problem that it is difficult to do.

Therefore, in a well-known storage battery that is excellent in safety and reliability and is relatively inexpensive, if the rapid charge / discharge performance and durability can be greatly improved, at least one of the nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium ion secondary batteries used in vehicles. It will be possible to substitute the part, which will be extremely advantageous in terms of cost, and will be able to fully meet the demands of idling stop technology and renewable energy power generation.

Therefore, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-506230, a capacitor negative electrode is provided in addition to the lead-based negative electrode and the lead dioxide-based positive electrode to form a lead-acid battery portion and an asymmetric capacitor portion, and high-current charging / discharging is performed. A lead-acid battery has been proposed in which charge is received and discharged preferentially in the asymmetric capacitor portion. In this way, by providing a part that stores electric charge in the storage battery like the capacitor, this part has a smaller internal resistance than the battery electrode part, so high-current charging / discharging is preferentially performed. In addition to improving the charge / discharge performance, the load on the battery portion is reduced, and the durability of the battery is also improved by about 3 to 4 times.

However, in such a hybrid type storage battery, since the area of the portion where the electric charge is stored by the capacitor is smaller than the positive and negative electrode areas, the contribution ratio of the capacitor function to the total capacity is really small, and moreover, it is simply a capacitor. A significant improvement in energy density cannot be expected simply by fusing batteries. Therefore, the improvement of the overall performance as a battery is not so large as a whole, and the current situation is that the above-mentioned requirements are not sufficiently achieved.

On the other hand, the inventors of the present application have previously proposed a hybrid battery as shown in FIG. 5 in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-247101. That is, the positive electrode plate 8 made of lead dioxide and the negative electrode plate 9 made of lead are alternately arranged and immersed in the electrolytic solution 100 to form a lead battery. The adjacent positive electrode plate 8 and the negative electrode plate 8 are adjacent to each other. An electrode body 20 is formed by forming a capacitor cell with a unit having an activated coal layer 80, 90 which forms a pair and expands the surface area on each inner side surface, and an electrolyte 200 is sandwiched between them, and the plurality of electrode bodies 20. The positive electrode plate 8 and the negative electrode plate 9 are arranged so as to face each other, and the negative electrode plate 9 constitutes the battery cell 50 together with the electrolyte 100 in the middle. This makes it possible to realize excellent charge / discharge performance while increasing the proportion of the portion that stores electric charge in the capacitor.

However, in the configuration in which the thin plate-shaped lead dioxide plate 8 and the lead plate 9 are used as the electrode plates to realize the capacitor and the battery, the corrosion of the electrode plates progresses in a relatively short period of time, which is sufficient. It was difficult to ensure durability. In addition, by providing an activated carbon layer in the part of the electrode plate that constitutes the capacitor, it was expected that the amount of electricity stored would increase, but even if ordinary nanocarbon is used for the activated carbon layer, the amount of electricity stored will increase. It was hard to say that it was enough.

Special Table 2007-506230 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-247101

The present invention is intended to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a battery having excellent overall performance at a low cost.

Therefore, according to the present invention, in a battery in which positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates connected to conductors are alternately arranged and immersed in an electrolytic solution, the positive electrode plates are made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and are formed on both the front and back surfaces thereof. The battery is characterized in that an activated carbon layer made of nanocarbon oxide is formed, the negative electrode plate is made of copper or a copper alloy, and an activated carbon layer made of nanocarbon is formed on both the front and back surfaces thereof.

In this way, by using the combination of aluminum and copper for the pair of electrode plates that make up the battery, the corrosion resistance of the electrode plates is improved and excellent durability is exhibited compared to the case where the combination of lead and lead dioxide is used. However, when the active carbon layer is provided on the surface of the pair of electrodes, nanocarbon oxide is used for the positive electrode and nanocarbon is used for the negative electrode, so that the activated carbon does not cause a rise in cost. Compared with the case where ordinary nanocarbon is used for the layer, the capacity is increased and the charge / discharge performance is further improved.

Further, in this battery, a capacitor cell is formed by a unit in which adjacent positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates are paired and a dielectric is sandwiched between them, and the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate face each other in the plurality of the capacitor cells. If the battery is arranged side by side and the positive electrode plates and the negative electrode plates facing each other form a battery cell together with an intermediate electrolytic solution, the positive electrode plates and the negative electrode plates that are alternately arranged are paired. By forming the battery cell with the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate which are the facing surfaces of the plurality of capacitor cells arranged side by side, the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are charged with the capacitor for the portion constituting the battery. A large proportion of the part to be stored can be secured, and the pair of positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate becomes a complete battery cell, and the electrolytic solution between the opposite positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate becomes a complete battery cell. Therefore, it becomes a hybrid battery that can realize excellent rapid charge / discharge performance and durability while fully exerting both functions of the battery and the capacitor.

Further, the hybrid battery is characterized in that the inner portion of the capacitor cell sandwiched between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate is sealed with a predetermined sealing material with respect to the electrolytic solution. , It is possible to avoid deterioration / deterioration of the capacitor function due to the inside of the capacitor cell being opened to the electrolytic solution side.

According to the present invention, an activated carbon layer made of nanocarbon oxide is provided on both front and back surfaces of a positive electrode plate made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and an activated carbon layer made of nanocarbon is provided on both front and back surfaces of a negative electrode plate made of copper or a copper alloy. However, it can be a battery with excellent overall performance.

It is a vertical sectional view which shows the structure of the battery of the 1st Embodiment in this invention. It is a perspective view of the battery of FIG. It is a vertical sectional view which shows the structure of the battery of the 2nd Embodiment in this invention. It is a perspective view of the battery of FIG. It is a vertical cross-sectional view which shows the structure of the battery of the conventional example.

Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the present invention, nanocarbons also include carbon nanotubes, and a capacitor is not limited to an electric double layer capacitor and is synonymous with a capacitor as an electronic component capable of storing electric charges.

FIG. 1 shows a vertical sectional view of a single element type battery 1A according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The battery 1A is in a state of being immersed in the electrolytic solution by facing the positive electrode plate 11A and the negative electrode plate 12A connected to the conductor and arranging the electrolytic solution dipping material 15 in close contact between them and on each outer surface side. Yes, the broken line indicates the case where the battery element is housed.

In the battery 1A, the thin metal plate constituting the positive electrode plate 11A is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the activated carbon layer 110 made of nanocarbon oxide is formed so as to cover both the front and back surfaces thereof, and the negative electrode plate. The most characteristic part of the present invention is that the thin metal plate constituting 12A is made of copper or a copper alloy, and the activated carbon layer 120 made of nanocarbon is formed so as to cover all the front and back surfaces thereof. There is.

FIG. 2 is an application example of the battery 1A of FIG. 1, wherein a plurality of the above-mentioned single-element batteries 1A are alternately arranged so that the positive electrode plate 11A and the negative electrode plate 12A face each other. It is shown in a perspective view. As shown in the figure, the positive electrode plate 11A and the negative electrode plate 12A are arranged so as to face each other with the same shape and the same size, and the electrolytic solution dipping material 15 having the same shape and the same size as the front and back surfaces is in close contact between them and both ends. The terminals 111 connected to the conductor are exposed from the positive electrode plate 11A, and the terminals 121 are exposed from the negative electrode plate 12A.

As described above, as the electrode plate of the battery, the positive electrode plate 11A is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the negative electrode plate 12A is made of copper or a copper alloy. Therefore, the durability is remarkably excellent as compared with the lead storage battery. However, only by making improvements such that the activated carbon layer 110 made of nanocarbon oxide is formed on both the front and back surfaces of the positive electrode plate 11A and the activated carbon layer 120 made of nanocarbon is formed on both the front and back sides of the negative electrode plate 12A. According to the experiments by the inventors of the present application, the structure of the above is the same, and the charge / discharge performance of the secondary battery is superior to that of the activated carbon layer of both electrode plates formed of nanocarbon, but the storage capacity is further increased. It has become clear.

FIG. 3 shows a vertical cross-sectional view of the single element type battery 2A according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the battery 2A, the metal thin plate constituting the positive electrode plate 11A is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the activated carbon layer 110 made of nanocarbon oxide is formed on both the front and back surfaces thereof, as in the first embodiment described above. The metal thin plate constituting the negative electrode plate 12A is made of copper or a copper alloy, and the activated carbon layer 120 made of nanocarbon is formed so as to cover all the front and back surfaces thereof, which is common to the above-described embodiment. doing.

That is, also in the present embodiment, the active carbon layer 110 covering both the front and back surfaces of the positive electrode plate 11A is composed of nanocarbon oxide, but in the present embodiment, the adjacent positive electrode plate 11A and the negative electrode plate 12A are paired. A capacitor cell 3A is formed by a unit having a dielectric 14 sandwiched between them, and two capacitor cells 3A are arranged so that the positive electrode plate 11A and the negative electrode plate 12A face each other, and the positive electrode plates 11A facing each other. The negative electrode plate 12A and the negative electrode plate 12A together with the electrolytic solution dipping material 15 in the middle form a battery cell.

With such a configuration, it is possible to secure a large ratio of the portion of the positive electrode plate 11A and the negative electrode plate 12A that stores the charge with the capacitor to the portion constituting the battery without causing an excessive cost increase. , The pair of positive electrode plate 11A and the negative electrode plate 11B form a complete capacitor cell 3A, and the electrolytic solution between the opposing positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate forms a complete battery cell, and a single element in which the capacitor and the battery are combined. It is a hybrid battery of.

Since the inner surface of the activated carbon layer 110 constituting the capacitor of the positive electrode plate 11A is made of nano-nanocarbon oxide, the storage capacity can be reduced at a lower cost as compared with the one made of ordinary nanocarbon. It has been found by experiments by the inventors of the present application that the battery performance becomes significantly higher as well as significantly larger.

Further, in the present embodiment, in the capacitor cell 3A, the portions sandwiched between the positive electrode plate 11A and the negative electrode plate 12A, that is, the activated carbon layers 110 and 120 which are the inner surfaces of the positive electrode plate 11A and the negative electrode plate 12A and Another feature is that the inner side composed of the dielectric 14 is sealed with the electrolytic solution derived from the electrolytic solution dipping material 15 by the sealing material 20, and the inside of the capacitor cell 3A is opened to the electrolytic solution side. It is possible to avoid deterioration and deterioration of the capacitor function.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an application example of the battery 2A described above, in which a plurality of capacitor cells 3A formed by sandwiching a dielectric 14 between a positive electrode plate 11A and a negative electrode plate 12A and sealing an inner portion thereof. The positive electrode plate 11A and the negative electrode plate 11B of the adjacent capacitor cells 3A are arranged so as to face each other, and the electrolytic solution dipping material 15 is sandwiched between them and both ends to form a battery cell. By adopting such a configuration, in addition to the improvement of the capacitor performance, the battery performance is synergistically improved.

As described above, according to the present invention, it has become possible to provide a battery having excellent overall performance at low cost.

1A, 2B, 2A, 2B battery, 3A capacitor cell, 11A positive electrode plate, 12A negative electrode plate, 14 dielectric, 15 electrolyte immersion material, 20 sealant, 110, 120 activated carbon layer, 111, 121 terminals

Claims (1)

In a battery in which positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates connected to a conductor are alternately arranged and immersed in an electrolytic solution, the positive electrode plates are made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and activated carbon by nanocarbon oxide is used on both the front and back surfaces thereof. A layer is formed, and the negative electrode plate is made of copper or a copper alloy, and an activated carbon layer made of nanocarbon is formed on both the front and back surfaces thereof. Adjacent positive electrode plates and the negative electrode plates are paired and dielectric is formed between them. A capacitor cell is formed by a unit sandwiching a body, and a plurality of the capacitor cells are arranged so that the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are arranged so as to face each other. Each battery cell is formed together with the liquid, and the capacitor cell is characterized in that the inner portion sandwiched between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate is sealed with a predetermined sealing material with respect to the electrolytic solution. Battery.

Images