JP6809989B2 - Airtight terminal and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an airtight terminal that can be used for high power applications and has high airtightness reliability, and a method for manufacturing the same.

An airtight terminal is a metal outer ring or an insertion hole of a metal outer ring in which a lead is airtightly sealed via an insulating material, and a current is supplied to an electric device or element housed in the airtight container, or an electric device is used. It is used when a signal is derived from an element or an element to the outside. In particular, the GTMS (Glass-to-Metal-Seal) type airtight terminal that seals the metal outer ring and the lead with insulating glass is roughly classified into two types, a matching sealing type and a compression sealing type. In order to establish a highly reliable airtight seal, it is important to properly select the coefficient of thermal expansion of the metal material of the outer ring and reed and the insulating glass. The insulating glass for sealing is determined by the material of the metal outer ring and lead, the required temperature profile and its coefficient of thermal expansion. In the case of matched sealing, the sealing material is selected so that the coefficients of thermal expansion of the metal material and the insulating glass match as much as possible. On the other hand, for compression sealing, a metal material and an insulating glass material having intentionally different coefficients of thermal expansion are selected so that the metal outer ring compresses the insulating glass and the reed.

In order to ensure high airtightness reliability and electrical insulation of conventional airtight terminals, Kovar has the same thermal expansion coefficient as the glass material over a wide temperature range for the metal outer ring and lead material in the matching sealing type airtight terminal. Using an alloy (Fe 54%, Ni 28%, Co 18%), both are sealed with insulating glass made of borosilicate glass, and in the compression-sealed airtight terminal, the compressive stress concentric with the glass in the operating temperature range. Uses a metal outer ring made of steel such as carbon steel or stainless steel, and a lead material of an iron alloy such as an iron-nickel alloy (Fe50%, Ni50%) or an iron-chromium alloy (Fe72%, Cr28%). Then, both were sealed with insulating glass made of sodabarium glass.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 61-260560 Jikkenhei 02-039472 Gazette

In recent years, there has been a demand for high power support for airtight terminals for so-called high-rate power devices such as power devices and secondary batteries. With conventional airtight terminals that use high-resistance metals such as iron alloys for the reed material, when an excessive load is applied, the insulating glass melts due to the self-heating of the reed material and airtightness cannot be ensured, and the reed material eventually falls off. There was a danger of. If the lead material of the airtight terminal can be changed from the conventional iron alloy to a low resistance metal such as copper or aluminum alloy, it is more preferable from the viewpoint of efficient use of electric energy such as support for high power and power saving, but it is used for sealing. Since the insulating glass is generally a material having a low thermal expansion coefficient, if a low resistance metal such as silver, copper, aluminum, a silver alloy, a copper alloy, or an aluminum alloy is used as a lead material, matching sealing cannot be used in principle. Further, even in compression sealing, the low-resistance metal illustrated above has a larger coefficient of thermal expansion than iron alloys such as steel, and when this is used as a reed material, an appropriate compressive stress cannot be applied to the insulating glass. There was a problem that it became difficult to secure airtightness. Also, if both the metal outer ring and the lead material are changed to a material with a high coefficient of thermal expansion such as silver, copper, aluminum or an alloy thereof, the compressive stress applied to the insulating glass becomes too large and glass breakage occurs, making it difficult to use. Become.

Conventionally, an airtight terminal using a copper core lead includes an airtight terminal using a composite lead material in which the surface of the copper core is coated with alloy steel as shown in Patent Document 1. However, the lead material for the airtight terminal of Patent Document 1 has an alloy steel outer jacket fixedly coated on the surface of the copper inner core. Therefore, in order to reduce the electrical resistance of the reed, it is preferable that the inner core diameter of copper is as large as possible. However, the conventional copper core composite lead needs to be manufactured by drawing a bus having an inner core inserted in an outer jacket and sequentially reducing the diameter so that airtightness at both interfaces can be ensured. However, there is a limit to the size of the wire diameter that can be applied to the wire drawing process, and the diameter is reduced compared to the bus diameter, so there is a drawback that it is difficult to manufacture a composite lead with a large wire diameter. ..

On the other hand, as an airtight terminal using a pipe lead, as shown in Patent Document 2, as an airtight terminal used for a non-aqueous battery such as a lithium battery, glass is formed on a tubular portion of a metal outer ring of stainless steel. There is an airtight terminal for a battery case in which a pipe lead made of an iron-chromium alloy is hermetically sealed through a pipe lead, and a nickel lead-out lead is inserted into the pipe lead to connect and seal the pipe lead and the lead-out lead. However, this device is designed so that the sealing glass also serves as a safety valve for venting gas when the internal pressure of the battery rises abnormally due to gas generated due to a short circuit in the battery, etc., with the aim of improving airtightness and reliability. Rather, the configuration is based on the premise that the sealing surface between the pipe lead and the insulating glass will be destroyed. In addition, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the metal material used for the airtight terminal is also designed to match the values close to each other, and a nickel material having a coefficient of thermal expansion close to that of the metal outer ring and the pipe lead is used for the lead. Therefore, the configuration is such that the electrical resistance of the lead lead material is sacrificed. Therefore, no means for using a low resistance metal such as silver, copper, aluminum having a large coefficient of thermal expansion or an alloy containing the element as a main component for the lead lead of the airtight terminal is described. It did not solve the problem.

An object of the present invention is to provide an airtight terminal that can be used for high power applications and has high airtightness reliability, and a method for manufacturing the same.

According to the present invention, (1) preparation for preparing a metal outer ring, a pipe lead inserted through the metal outer ring, and a glass tablet to be mounted between the inner diameter of the metal outer ring and the outer diameter of the pipe lead. The process, (2) the pipe lead is inserted into the metal outer ring, and the assembly process in which a glass tablet is attached between the inner diameter of the metal outer ring and the outer diameter of the pipe lead and temporarily assembled to the terminal, and (3). ) By passing the temporarily assembled terminals through the furnace to soften the glass tablet and airtightly sealing the inner wall of the metal outer ring and the outer diameter of the pipe lead with glass, and (4) the sealing process. Rotation that solid-dissolves and diffusifies the inner diameter wall surface of the pipe lead and the circumferential wall surface of the core material by inserting the rotating low-resistance metal core material into the inner diameter of the metal outer ring and the glass-sealed pipe lead while contacting them. A method of manufacturing an airtight terminal comprising an insertion joining step and an airtight terminal is provided. According to the method for manufacturing an airtight terminal of the present invention, the pipe lead and the core material are directly solid-solved-diffused bonded to each other without interposing a brazing material.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the metal outer ring, the pipe lead inserted through the metal outer ring, the inner wall of the metal outer ring, and the outer diameter of the pipe lead are airtight, which is manufactured by the method for manufacturing the airtight terminal. An airtight terminal is provided which includes an insulating glass to be sealed to the pipe lead and a core material of a low electric resistance metal which is airtightly solid-dissolved and diffusion-bonded to the inner diameter of the pipe lead.

In the method for manufacturing an airtight terminal according to the present invention, since only the surface of the core material and the pipe lead are rubbed and press-fitted while rotating at room temperature by the rotary insertion joining step, the entire core material is solid-dissolved and diffusion-bonded without thermal expansion. Can be completed. Therefore, while using an aluminum material having a small electric resistance value and a large coefficient of thermal expansion, the core material and the pipe lead can be airtightly joined without applying an excessive stress load to the insulating glass, and the insulating glass is prevented from cracking. Moreover, since the core material can press-fit the pipe reed while slightly expanding it, there is an unprecedented advantage that appropriate compression can be applied to the insulating glass from the core material side after the pipe reed is sealed. Further, since it is not necessary to wire the lead base material, the wire diameter can be directly finished to the desired diameter, and the diameter of the reed can be easily increased.

It is a flow chart which showed the manufacturing method 10 of the airtight terminal which concerns on this invention. The plan view of the airtight terminal 20 which concerns on this invention is shown. The front partial sectional view of the airtight terminal 20 which concerns on this invention is shown. The front partial sectional view of the airtight terminal 30 which concerns on this invention is shown. The front partial sectional view of the airtight terminal 40 which concerns on this invention is shown. The plan view of the airtight terminal 30 and the airtight terminal 40 is omitted because it is common to FIG.

As shown in the flow chart of FIG. 1, the method 10 for manufacturing an airtight terminal of the present invention includes (1) a metal outer ring of iron or iron alloy, a pipe lead of iron or iron alloy inserted through the metal outer ring, and a metal. Preparation step 11 to prepare a glass tablet to be mounted between the inner diameter of the outer ring and the outer diameter of the pipe lead, and (2) the pipe lead is inserted into the metal outer ring, and the inner diameter of the metal outer ring and the pipe lead. The assembly process 12 in which the glass tablet is attached to the outer diameter of the metal tablet and temporarily assembled to the terminal, and (3) the temporarily assembled terminal is passed through the furnace to soften the glass tablet and the inner wall of the metal outer ring. A low electric resistance metal rotated to the inner diameter of the metal outer ring and the glass-sealed pipe lead by the sealing step 13 in which the outer diameter of the pipe lead is airtightly sealed with glass and (4) the sealing step 13 It comprises a rotary insertion joining step 14 in which the inner diameter wall surface of the pipe lead and the circumferential wall surface of the core material are solid-dissolved and diffusively joined by inserting the core material, for example, the core material of aluminum or an aluminum alloy while contacting them.

In the method 10 for manufacturing an airtight terminal of the present invention, in the rotary insertion joining step 14, only the surface of the core material and the pipe lead are brought into contact with each other and press-fitted at room temperature while being rubbed, so that the entire core material does not thermally expand and the interface surface Bonding can be completed by solid diffusion. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the insulating glass from cracking without applying an excessive stress load to the insulating glass while using an aluminum material having a small electric resistance value and a large coefficient of thermal expansion, and the core material and the pipe lead can be airtightly joined. Moreover, since the core material can press-fit the pipe reed while slightly expanding it, there is an advantage that an appropriate compression can be applied to the insulating glass after the pipe reed is sealed. Further, it is not necessary to wire the lead base material, and the wire diameter can be directly finished to the desired value, so that the diameter of the reed can be easily increased.

The working temperature of the rotary insertion joining step 14 of the method 10 for manufacturing the airtight terminal may be heated to a temperature lower than the melting temperature of the core material for the purpose of promoting solid solution diffusion. When an aluminum core material is used, it can be heated to a temperature of less than 660 ° C., for example, the core material may be rotationally inserted into a terminal heated to 300 ° C. for joining.

In the method 10 for manufacturing an airtight terminal of the present invention, even if the pipe leads or core materials used are all the same diameter, those having different diameters at desired parts (that is, the pipe leads have a reduced diameter portion). (Has a large diameter portion in the core material) may be used. As for the inner diameter of the pipe lead and the outer diameter of the core material, the airtightness of the airtight terminal can be ensured as long as the surface around 360 ° at least at the desired portion of the interface circumference is solid-dissolved and diffusion-bonded without interruption. In the pipe lead, even if the core material is solid-dissolved and diffused through the entire inner diameter of the pipe, that is, the inside of the pipe, the contact surfaces are solid-dissolved by contacting the core material with a reduced diameter portion provided in a part of the pipe lead. Diffusion bonding may be performed, or the contact surfaces may be solid-dissolved and diffusion-bonded by contacting the pipe leads with a large-diameter portion provided in a part of the core material.

The airtight terminal 20 of the present invention is manufactured by the above-mentioned manufacturing method 10, and as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the metal outer ring 21 of iron or an iron alloy and the iron inserted through the metal outer ring 21. Alternatively, the iron alloy pipe lead 22, the insulating glass 23 that airtightly seals the inner wall of the metal outer ring 21 and the outer diameter of the pipe lead 22, and the low electricity that is airtightly solid-dissolved and diffusion-bonded to the inner diameter of the pipe lead 22. A core material 24 made of a resistive metal is provided. As for the inner diameter of the pipe lead 22 and the outer diameter of the core material 24, the airtightness of the airtight terminal can be ensured if the surface around 360 ° at least in a part of the interface circumference is solid solution diffusion bonded. The interface between the inner diameter of the pipe lead 22 and the outer diameter of the core material 24 may be a solid solution diffusion bond as a whole or a solid solution diffusion bond on a part of the circumferential surface. For example, the pipe lead 32 may be provided with a reduced diameter portion 35 as in the airtight terminal 30 shown in FIG. 4, and the inner diameter surface of the reduced diameter portion 35 may be deformed into a form in which the core material 34 is solid-solved and diffused. On the contrary, even if the core material 44 is provided with the large diameter portion 46 as in the airtight terminal 40 shown in FIG. 5, and the outer diameter surface of the large diameter portion 46 is deformed into a solid solution diffusion bonded form with the pipe lead 42. Good. Although not shown, the reduced diameter portion 35 and the large diameter portion 46 may be provided on the outside of the pipe lead sealing surface (the portion where the pipe lead outer diameter is not glass-sealed).

In the embodiment of the present invention, the metal outer ring may be any material as long as it is iron or an iron alloy, and is not particularly limited. For example, cold rolled steel (equivalent to JIS SS400), austenitic stainless steel SUS304, 42. Alloys (Fe 58%, Ni 42%) and the like can be preferably used. Similarly, the pipe lead may be any material as long as it is iron or an iron alloy, and is not particularly limited. For example, a Kovar alloy (Fe 54%, Ni 28%, Co 18%), an iron nickel alloy (Fe 50%, Ni 50%). Etc. can be preferably used. Further, the glass / tablet or the insulating glass may be any material as long as it can be metal-sealed, and is not particularly limited, but for example, boron silicate glass, soda barium glass and the like can be preferably used. The core material is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, which is a low electrical resistance metal.

Further, in the embodiment of the above invention, it is preferable to provide an auxiliary diffusion layer at least on the inner diameter of the pipe lead. When aluminum is diffused into a pipe lead of iron or an iron alloy, brittle metal-to-metal compounds Al _3- Fe and Al _5- Fe ₂ may be formed, but an auxiliary diffusion layer (for example, nickel plating) is previously provided on the pipe lead. By applying it, the elements that make up the auxiliary diffusion layer and the low electrical resistance metal that makes up the core material combine to form a tougher intermetallic compound (for example, an Al-Ni intermetallic compound in the case of nickel plating). can do.

As shown in FIG. 1, the manufacturing method 10 of Example 1 according to the present invention comprises (1) a metal outer ring of cold-rolled steel (equivalent to JIS SS400) and an iron-nickel alloy (Fe50%) inserted through the metal outer ring. , Ni 50%) and a sodabarium glass glass tablet to be mounted between the inner diameter of the metal outer ring and the outer diameter of the pipe lead 11. Preparation step 11 and (2) Pipe to the metal outer ring Assembling step 12 in which the lead is inserted, a glass tablet is attached between the inner diameter of the metal outer ring and the outer diameter of the pipe lead, and the terminal is temporarily assembled to the carbon heat-resistant jig, and (3) temporarily assembled. Sealing step 13 and (4) sealing in which the inner wall of the metal outer ring and the outer diameter of the pipe lead are airtightly sealed by passing the terminal through a furnace whose temperature has been adjusted to 950 ° C to soften and flow the glass tablet. After the landing process, the pipe lead part of the terminal consisting of a metal outer ring cooled to room temperature and a glass-sealed pipe lead is fixed, and a core material made of a long aluminum wire rotated at high speed is attached to the inner diameter of the pipe lead. While in contact with the inner diameter surface of the pipe lead, insert it into the pipe lead and directly melt-diffuse bond the inner diameter surface of the pipe lead and the outer diameter surface of the core material in a solid phase, and then attach the excess core material from the lead end. It is composed of a rotary insertion joining step 14 of separating and forming a joint body of a pipe lead and a core material. In the rotary insertion joining step 14, the operation of separating the end of the core material is performed when there is a surplus in the length of the core material joined to the pipe lead, but when the length of the core material is within the target dimensional range. It does not have to be carried out. As a result, the core material made of one long wire can be continuously rotationally inserted into a plurality of pipe leads while being sequentially cut. The rotary insertion joining step 14 can also be performed at a working temperature of 300 ° C.

The airtight terminal 20 of Example 2 according to the present invention is manufactured by the above-mentioned manufacturing method, and as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the metal outer ring 21 of cold-rolled steel (corresponding to JIS SS400) and the metal The pipe lead 22 in which the surface of the iron-nickel alloy (Fe50%, Ni50%) inserted through the outer ring 21 is nickel-plated with an auxiliary diffusion layer, and the inner wall of the metal outer ring 21 and the outer diameter of the pipe lead 22 are air-sealed. An insulating glass 23 made of sodabarium glass and an aluminum core material 24 in which the entire inner diameter of the pipe lead 22 is solid-dissolved and diffusion-bonded are provided. Although not shown, in the second embodiment, the core material 34 of the airtight terminal 20 is joined to the pipe lead 22 with a nickel-plated auxiliary diffusion layer sandwiched between them. The airtight terminal 20 may be provided with a reduced diameter portion 35 on the pipe lead 32 as in the airtight terminal 30 of the first modification shown in FIG. 4, and the inner diameter surface of the reduced diameter portion 35 may be solid solution diffusion bonded to the core material 34. .. On the contrary, even if the core material 44 is provided with the large diameter portion 46 as in the airtight terminal 40 of the modified example 2 shown in FIG. 5, and the outer diameter surface of the large diameter portion 46 is solid solution diffusion bonded to the pipe lead 42. Good.

The present invention can be used for an airtight terminal that is durable against high voltage and high current and requires high insulation.

10 ... Manufacturing method of airtight terminal,
11 ... Preparation process,
12 ... Assembly process,
13 ... Sealing process,
14 ... Rotational insertion joining process,
20, 30, 40 ... Airtight terminals,
21, 31, 41 ... Metal outer ring,
22, 32, 42 ... Pipe lead,
23, 33, 43 ... Insulated glass,
24, 34, 44 ... Core material,
35 ... Reduced diameter part,
46 ... Large diameter part.

Claims (14)

(1) A preparatory step of preparing a metal outer ring, a pipe reed to be inserted through the metal outer ring, and a glass tablet to be mounted between the inner diameter of the metal outer ring and the outer diameter of the pipe reed.
(2) An assembly step in which the pipe lead is inserted through the metal outer ring, and the glass tablet is mounted between the inner diameter of the metal outer ring and the outer diameter of the pipe lead and temporarily assembled to the terminal.
(3) A sealing step in which the temporarily assembled terminal is passed through a furnace to soften the glass tablet, and the inner wall of the metal outer ring and the outer diameter of the pipe reed are hermetically sealed in glass.
(4) The inner diameter wall surface of the pipe lead and the inner diameter wall surface of the pipe lead are inserted by inserting the core material of a rotating low electric resistance metal into the inner diameter of the pipe lead glass-sealed with the metal outer ring by the sealing step. A rotary insertion joining process for solid solution diffusion joining with the circumferential wall surface of the core material,
A method of manufacturing an airtight terminal consisting of. The method for manufacturing an airtight terminal according to claim 1, wherein the core material press-fits the pipe lead while expanding the pipe lead to apply compression to the glass after the pipe lead is sealed.
The first or second aspect of the present invention, wherein the inner diameter of the pipe lead and the outer diameter of the core material are solid solution diffusion bonded without interruption on the surface that is orbited by 360 ° at least at a desired portion of the interface circumference. Manufacturing method of airtight terminal. The method for manufacturing an airtight terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rotary insertion joining step further includes an operation of separating the excess core material from the lead end. The method for manufacturing an airtight terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the low electric resistance metal is aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The method for manufacturing an airtight terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pipe reed is provided with an auxiliary diffusion layer at least on the inner diameter of the pipe reed. The method for manufacturing an airtight terminal according to claim 6, wherein the auxiliary diffusion layer is made of nickel plating. The method for manufacturing an airtight terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the rotary insertion joining step is characterized in that the working temperature is lower than the melting temperature of the core material. The metal outer ring, the pipe lead inserted through the metal outer ring, the insulating glass that airtightly seals the inner wall of the metal outer ring and the outer diameter of the pipe lead, and the inner diameter of the pipe lead are airtightly melted. An airtight terminal with a diffusion-bonded low electrical resistance metal core. The airtight terminal according to claim 9, wherein the low electric resistance metal is aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The airtight terminal according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the pipe lead has at least an auxiliary diffusion layer between the inner diameter of the pipe lead and the core material. The airtight terminal according to claim 11, wherein the auxiliary diffusion layer is made of nickel plating. The airtight terminal according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the pipe lead has a reduced diameter portion, and the inner diameter of the reduced diameter portion is solid solution diffusion bonded to the core material. The airtight terminal according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the core material has a large diameter portion, and the outer diameter of the large diameter portion is solid solution diffusion bonded to the pipe lead.

Images