JP6799737B2 - Foreign matter detection method - Google Patents
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- JP6799737B2 JP6799737B2 JP2016127825A JP2016127825A JP6799737B2 JP 6799737 B2 JP6799737 B2 JP 6799737B2 JP 2016127825 A JP2016127825 A JP 2016127825A JP 2016127825 A JP2016127825 A JP 2016127825A JP 6799737 B2 JP6799737 B2 JP 6799737B2
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Description
本発明は、異物検出方法に関し、詳しくは、粉末状、顆粒状あるいはその他の形態の物質に混入した異物の検出に好適なものである。 The present invention relates to a method for detecting a foreign substance, and is particularly suitable for detecting a foreign substance mixed in a powdery, granular or other form of a substance.
何らかの物質に混入した異物を検出する方法としては、赤外線を異物の検出対象領域に照射し、当該領域のスペクトル分析を行うものがある（例えば、株式会社島津製作所による非特許文献１）。しかしこの方法では、異物の赤外線反射または吸収スペクトルを予め分析しておき、検出に必要な赤外線波長を選定しなくてはならない。換言すれば、ある赤外線波長に対する反射または吸収スペクトルが既知である異物しか検出できないことになる。また、異物として特定すべきものが複数ある場合には、特定に必要な波長毎に光源を用意する必要があり、その方法を適用する装置の規模およびコストが増大する。さらに、粉粒体（粉末状あるいは顆粒状の薬品や食品など）に混入した体毛や昆虫類などの異物を検出する場合、当該粉粒体および異物の赤外線波長に対する反射・透過の特性が類似していると、異物の検出精度が低下する。 As a method of detecting a foreign substance mixed in some substance, there is a method of irradiating a foreign substance detection target region with infrared rays and performing a spectral analysis of the region (for example, Non-Patent Document 1 by Shimadzu Corporation). However, in this method, it is necessary to analyze the infrared reflection or absorption spectrum of the foreign substance in advance and select the infrared wavelength required for detection. In other words, only foreign matter with a known reflection or absorption spectrum for a certain infrared wavelength can be detected. Further, when there are a plurality of foreign substances to be specified, it is necessary to prepare a light source for each wavelength required for the identification, which increases the scale and cost of the device to which the method is applied. Furthermore, when detecting foreign substances such as hair and insects mixed in powdery particles (powdered or granular chemicals, foods, etc.), the characteristics of reflection and transmission of the powdered particles and foreign substances to infrared wavelengths are similar. If this is the case, the detection accuracy of foreign matter will decrease.
よって本発明は、検出できる異物の範囲を拡大でき、且つその検出精度を向上できるようにするとともに、検出を実施する装置の構成の簡単化および低廉化に資することができる異物検出方法を提供することにある。 Therefore, the present invention provides a foreign matter detecting method capable of expanding the range of foreign matter that can be detected, improving the detection accuracy thereof, and contributing to the simplification and cost reduction of the configuration of the apparatus for performing detection. There is.
そのために、本発明は、異物の検出対象となる領域を所定期間加熱する加熱工程と、当該加熱の終了後に、前記領域の温度分布の時間的変化の情報を取得する情報取得工程と、当該取得した温度分布の時間的変化の情報に基づいて、前記異物の混入の有無を判定する判定工程と、を備えたことを特徴とする。 Therefore, the present invention comprises a heating step of heating a region to be detected of a foreign substance for a predetermined period, an information acquisition step of acquiring information on a temporal change in the temperature distribution of the region after the heating is completed, and the acquisition. It is characterized by including a determination step of determining the presence or absence of contamination of the foreign matter based on the information on the temporal change of the temperature distribution.
本発明によれば、異物の検出対象となる領域の温度分布の情報を動的に取得して異物検出を行うので、検出できる異物の範囲を拡大でき、且つその検出精度を向上できる。また、スペクトル法のように、大規模な実施装置を必要としないので、実施装置の構成の簡単化および低廉化に資することができるようになる。 According to the present invention, since the information on the temperature distribution of the region to be detected of the foreign matter is dynamically acquired and the foreign matter is detected, the range of the foreign matter that can be detected can be expanded and the detection accuracy thereof can be improved. In addition, unlike the spectral method, a large-scale implementation device is not required, which makes it possible to contribute to simplification and cost reduction of the configuration of the implementation device.
以下、図面を参照して本発明を詳細に説明する。
（定義）
本明細書および特許請求の範囲の記載において、「主物質」という場合、企図している本来目的（使用、服用、食用、飲用など）に適合したものを称し、例えば薬品や食品などを含むが、それに限られるものではない。また、その形態は、例えば粉粒体（粉末や顆粒など）の集合体であってもよいし、一体となっている固体、例えば内容物を収納するプラスチック製包装袋のヒートシール部などでもよい。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
(Definition)
In the description of the present specification and claims, the term "main substance" refers to a substance suitable for the intended purpose (use, administration, edible, drinking, etc.), and includes, for example, drugs and foods. , Not limited to that. Further, the form may be, for example, an aggregate of powders and granules (powder, granules, etc.), or an integrated solid, for example, a heat-sealed portion of a plastic packaging bag for storing the contents. ..
「異物」とは、これが混入する主物質の本来目的に照らして存在すべきでないもの、あるいは存在することが好ましくないものを言う。例えば、薬品や食品中に混入し得る人毛、獣毛、繊維片、ゴム手袋片、虫などを含むが、これらに限られない。その他、プラスチック製包装袋のヒートシール部などに挟み込まれることで密封性を阻害する（あるいは不快感を与える）、当該包装袋の内容物の欠片などでもあり得る。 The “foreign substance” refers to a substance that should not exist in light of the original purpose of the main substance to which the substance is mixed, or a substance that is not preferable to exist. For example, it includes, but is not limited to, human hair, animal hair, fiber pieces, rubber glove pieces, insects, etc. that can be mixed in chemicals and foods. In addition, it may be a fragment of the contents of the packaging bag, which hinders the sealing property (or gives discomfort) by being sandwiched between the heat-sealed portion of the plastic packaging bag or the like.
また、単に「物質」と言うときは、主物質および異物を包括するものとする。
さらに、「混入」とは、異物が主物質の表面および／または内部に存在している状態を言い、上記のような挟み込みも含む。
In addition, the term "substance" shall include the main substance and foreign substances.
Further, "mixing" refers to a state in which a foreign substance is present on the surface and / or inside of the main substance, and includes pinching as described above.
（発明の基本思想）
本発明者らは、非特許文献１のようなスペクトル分析法ではなく、異物検出の対象領域を加熱し、温度分布を観察して異物の混入の有無を判定することにまず想到した。その際検討したのは、非特許文献２および３に記載された技術である。これらの文献には、試料の表面をフラッシュランプで瞬間加熱し、その表面の温度変化をサーモグラフィで観察することが記載されている。つまり、試料内部に欠陥があると、その部分の熱伝導性が大きく変化するので、サーモグラフィの画像で欠陥を発見できるというものである。
(Basic idea of invention)
The present inventors first came up with the idea of heating the target region for foreign matter detection and observing the temperature distribution to determine the presence or absence of foreign matter contamination, instead of the spectral analysis method as in Non-Patent Document 1. At that time, the techniques described in Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3 were examined. These documents describe that the surface of a sample is instantaneously heated with a flash lamp and the temperature change on the surface is observed by thermography. In other words, if there is a defect inside the sample, the thermal conductivity of that part will change significantly, so the defect can be found in the thermographic image.
しかしながら、この技術は、本来一様であるべき主物質（材料）に存在し得る欠陥を検出するための非破壊検査には有効である。本発明者らは、さらに、物質の物理的特性の差異を利用し、異物の検出対象となる領域の温度分布の情報を経時的に取得することで、サーモグラフィの観察時点で有意の温度差が生じているとは限らない加熱後の温度特性（昇温特性および高温特性）が互いに近似している主物質および異物が存在する場合でも、異物の検出精度を向上することに想到したのである。 However, this technique is effective for non-destructive inspection to detect defects that may exist in the main material (material) that should be uniform in nature. The present inventors further utilize the difference in the physical properties of the substance to acquire information on the temperature distribution of the region where the foreign substance is to be detected over time, so that a significant temperature difference can be obtained at the time of observing the thermography. The idea was to improve the detection accuracy of foreign substances even in the presence of main substances and foreign substances whose temperature characteristics (heating characteristics and high temperature characteristics) after heating, which are not always generated, are similar to each other.
すなわち、本発明の基本概念は、図１に示すように、異物の検出対象となる領域を所定期間加熱し（ステップＳ１）、加熱終了後において、当該領域の温度分布の時間的変化の情報を取得し（ステップＳ２）、当該取得した温度分布の時間的変化の情報に基づいて、異物の混入の有無を判定する（ステップＳ３）、ものである。 That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the basic concept of the present invention is to heat a region to be detected of a foreign substance for a predetermined period (step S1), and after the heating is completed, provide information on a temporal change in the temperature distribution of the region. It is acquired (step S2), and the presence or absence of foreign matter is determined based on the acquired information on the temporal change of the temperature distribution (step S3).
（実施形態）
本発明の有効性を検証するにあたり、本発明者らは、表１に示すように、各種試料に対し、加熱終了後の温度特性の最大上昇温度と、その最大温度に到達するまでの時間を測定した。
(Embodiment)
In verifying the effectiveness of the present invention, as shown in Table 1, the present inventors set the maximum temperature rise of the temperature characteristics after the end of heating and the time required to reach the maximum temperature for various samples. It was measured.
測定にあたっては、試料に対し、１ｋＪのキセノンフラッシュランプを用いて５ｍｓのパルス加熱を行った。この結果、
・毛髪は温まり易く、特に黒髪は熱吸収が白髪より大きいため温まり易いこと、
・ブドウ糖粉末などは、白色であっても、粉末間の空隙によって熱吸収が少なく、熱が逃げ易いこと、
・たとえ近似していても、物質の違いによって加熱後の温度変化曲線（昇温特性ないしは降温特性）に差が生じること、
などが確認された。
In the measurement, the sample was pulse-heated for 5 ms using a 1 kJ xenon flash lamp. As a result,
・ Hair is easy to warm, especially black hair is easier to warm because it absorbs more heat than white hair.
-Even if glucose powder is white, heat absorption is small due to the voids between the powders, and heat can easily escape.
・ Even if they are similar, there will be a difference in the temperature change curve (heating characteristics or temperature decreasing characteristics) after heating due to the difference in substances.
Etc. were confirmed.
そこで本発明者らは、図２に示すようなシステムを用い、図３に示す手順にて、表１の試料のいくつかの組み合わせに対して実験を行った。 Therefore, the present inventors conducted experiments on several combinations of the samples in Table 1 by using the system shown in FIG. 2 and following the procedure shown in FIG.
図２において符号１０で示すものは加熱ユニットであり、トレイに載せられた試料Ｍを所定時間加熱する（図３の工程Ｓ１−１）。本例では加熱ユニット１０としてフラッシュランプを用い、１ｍｓの間発光し、１ｋＪの熱量を試料Ｍに付与するものとした。試料Ｍは、主物質および異物を後述のようないくつかの組み合わせで含むものである。図２において符号２０で示すものは赤外線カメラであり、試料Ｍの加熱終了後の画像を例えば１００フレーム／秒でキャプチャする（図３の工程Ｓ２−１）。つまり、加熱が終了してから所定周期である１０ｍｓ毎に、試料Ｍの表面の温度分布を示す画像が取得される。 Reference numeral 10 in FIG. 2 is a heating unit, which heats the sample M placed on the tray for a predetermined time (step S1-1 in FIG. 3). In this example, a flash lamp was used as the heating unit 10, and light was emitted for 1 ms to impart a heat amount of 1 kJ to the sample M. Sample M contains a main substance and a foreign substance in some combinations as described later. Reference numeral 20 in FIG. 2 is an infrared camera, which captures an image of the sample M after heating at 100 frames / sec, for example (step S2-1 in FIG. 3). That is, an image showing the temperature distribution on the surface of the sample M is acquired every 10 ms, which is a predetermined cycle after the heating is completed.
制御部３０は、加熱ユニット１０の駆動（フラッシュランプである場合には発光動作）および赤外線カメラ２０の作動を制御するほか、キャプチャした加熱後の複数の画像に基づいて、異物の存否を判断する。例えば、加熱終了後の５フレーム目（５０ｍｓ後）の画像と７フレーム目（７０ｍｓ後）の画像とを差分処理し（図３の工程Ｓ２−２）、物質の熱的特性の差異を強調するとともに、背景雑音を相殺する。このようにして異物の特徴抽出が行われたか否かに応じて（図３の工程Ｓ３−１）、異物の混入の有無を判定することができる（図３の工程Ｓ３−２，Ｓ３−３）。 The control unit 30 controls the driving of the heating unit 10 (light emission operation in the case of a flash lamp) and the operation of the infrared camera 20, and also determines the presence or absence of foreign matter based on the captured plurality of images after heating. .. For example, the image at the 5th frame (after 50 ms) and the image at the 7th frame (after 70 ms) after the completion of heating are subjected to difference processing (step S2-2 in FIG. 3) to emphasize the difference in the thermal properties of the substance. At the same time, the background noise is offset. Depending on whether or not the feature extraction of the foreign matter has been performed in this way (step S3-1 in FIG. 3), it is possible to determine whether or not the foreign matter is mixed in (steps S3-2 and S3-3 in FIG. 3). ).
表２は、表１から試料を適宜選択し、図２のシステムおよび図３の手順を用いて行った７つの実験（実験１〜実験７）の条件を示している。なお、表２において、「混入状態」欄の「表面上」とは、主物質の試料の上に異物を載せた状態としたもの、また「表面下」とは、異物を主物質でまぶした状態としたものである。 Table 2 shows the conditions of seven experiments (Experiments 1 to 7) in which samples were appropriately selected from Table 1 and performed using the system of FIG. 2 and the procedure of FIG. In Table 2, "on the surface" in the "mixed state" column means that a foreign substance is placed on the sample of the main substance, and "under the surface" means that the foreign substance is sprinkled with the main substance. It is in a state.
図４〜図１０は、実験の結果ひいては実施形態の効果を説明するための図であり、各図において（ａ）は通常光源で撮影した画像を、（ｂ）は実施形態での差分処理を経て得た画像を示している。 4 to 10 are diagrams for explaining the result of the experiment and the effect of the embodiment. In each figure, (a) is an image taken with a normal light source, and (b) is a difference process in the embodiment. The image obtained through the process is shown.
主物質と異物とが同色系である場合、たとえ異物が主物質の表面上にあっても、実験１、実験２および実験４に対応した図４、図５および図７の（ａ）に示すように、通常光源下では異物をほとんど認識できない。また、主物質と異物とのコントラストが強い場合、異物が主物質の表面上にあれば、実験５に対応した図８の（ａ）に示すように目視でも十分認識可能であるが、表面下にある場合には実験６に対応した図９の（ａ）に示すように、全く認識ができない。さらに、主物質の色によっては、実験７に対応した図１０の（ａ）に示すように、異物の認識が困難となることがある（黒髪はようやく認識できるが、白髪は認識できない）。 When the main substance and the foreign substance are of the same color system, even if the foreign substance is on the surface of the main substance, it is shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 7 (a) corresponding to Experiment 1, Experiment 2 and Experiment 4. As such, foreign matter can hardly be recognized under a normal light source. Further, when the contrast between the main substance and the foreign substance is strong, if the foreign substance is on the surface of the main substance, it can be sufficiently recognized visually as shown in FIG. 8 (a) corresponding to Experiment 5, but under the surface. In the case of, as shown in FIG. 9A corresponding to Experiment 6, it cannot be recognized at all. Further, depending on the color of the main substance, as shown in FIG. 10A corresponding to Experiment 7, it may be difficult to recognize a foreign substance (black hair can finally be recognized, but white hair cannot be recognized).
これらに対し、実施形態の処理を経た場合には、各図の（ｂ）に示すように、いずれの条件下でも異物が明確に識別可能となっている。すなわち、本発明を適用した実施形態は、種々の主物質と異物との様々な組み合わせに対して、効果的且つ確実な異物検出性能を提供することが確認された。また、非特許文献１のように装置の大規模化等を要することなく、検出を実施する装置の構成の簡単化および低廉化に資することができるものである。 On the other hand, when the treatment of the embodiment is carried out, as shown in (b) of each figure, the foreign matter can be clearly identified under any condition. That is, it has been confirmed that the embodiment to which the present invention is applied provides effective and reliable foreign matter detection performance for various combinations of various main substances and foreign substances. Further, unlike Non-Patent Document 1, it is possible to contribute to simplification and cost reduction of the configuration of the device for performing detection without requiring the scale of the device to be increased.
（その他）
なお、上述した主物質および異物の種類や形態、並びにその組み合わせや異物混入の状態は単なる例示であることは勿論である。本発明は、例えば食品などの内容物を封入するプラスチック製の包装袋に関し、ヒートシール部の密封性を阻害するような内容物の挟み込みが生じているか否かを検出する場合にも適用が可能である。
(Other)
Needless to say, the types and forms of the main substances and foreign substances described above, their combinations, and the state of foreign matter contamination are merely examples. The present invention can also be applied to a plastic packaging bag for enclosing contents such as food, for detecting whether or not the contents are sandwiched so as to hinder the sealing property of the heat-sealed portion. Is.
また、図２に示したシステム構成も単なる例示であって、効果の検証ひいては装置への適用に際しては他の構成を採用することが可能である。例えば、加熱ユニットとしてはフラッシュランプに限らず、赤外線ヒータその他の適宜のものを採用して検出領域を加熱することができる。この場合、加熱範囲すなわち異物の検出領域を限局する必要がある場合には、加熱ユニットと検出領域との間にスリットなどを介在させればよい。 Further, the system configuration shown in FIG. 2 is also merely an example, and it is possible to adopt another configuration when verifying the effect and applying it to the device. For example, the heating unit is not limited to the flash lamp, and an infrared heater or other appropriate unit can be used to heat the detection region. In this case, when it is necessary to localize the heating range, that is, the detection area for foreign matter, a slit or the like may be interposed between the heating unit and the detection area.
また、図２では、加熱ユニットおよび赤外線カメラと物質（試料Ｍ）とが互いに固定されたシステムを例示したが、ベルトなどにより物質とスリット状熱源とを相対移動させ、その過程で加熱および検出が行われるようにしてもよい。この場合、加熱量ないし加熱時間は、加熱ユニットが付与することができる熱量、加熱領域、相対搬送の速度、ベルト上の物質の厚さ、処理速度などとの兼ね合いから適切に選定することができる。 Further, in FIG. 2, a system in which the heating unit, the infrared camera, and the substance (sample M) are fixed to each other is illustrated, but the substance and the slit-shaped heat source are relatively moved by a belt or the like, and heating and detection are performed in the process. It may be done. In this case, the heating amount or heating time can be appropriately selected in consideration of the amount of heat that can be applied by the heating unit, the heating region, the relative transfer speed, the thickness of the substance on the belt, the processing speed, and the like. ..
さらに、図３の処理では、加熱終了後の第１時刻を５０ｍｓ後とし、さらにその後の第２時刻を７０ｍｓ後として、それぞれでキャプチャした画像の差分処理を行うものとした。しかしそれらの時刻は適宜定めることが可能であり、異物の特徴抽出を行う態様も例示のものに限られない。要は、異物の検出に必要十分な、加熱後の対象領域の温度分布の時間的変化を確実に認識できるものであればよいのである。 Further, in the process of FIG. 3, the first time after the end of heating is set to 50 ms later, and the second time after that is set to 70 ms later, and the difference processing of the captured images is performed. However, these times can be set as appropriate, and the mode of extracting the features of the foreign matter is not limited to the examples. In short, it suffices as long as it can reliably recognize the temporal change of the temperature distribution of the target region after heating, which is necessary and sufficient for detecting foreign substances.
１０ 加熱ユニット
２０ 赤外線カメラ
３０ 制御部
10 Heating unit 20 Infrared camera 30 Control unit
Claims (4)
当該加熱の終了後に、前記領域の温度分布の時間的変化の情報を取得する情報取得工程と、
当該取得した温度分布の時間的変化の情報に基づいて、前記異物の混入の有無を判定する判定工程と、
を備え、
前記加熱工程は、前記領域を前記検出対象の一部に限局するように、加熱範囲をスリット状に絞るスリット状熱源により当該領域を加熱することを特徴とする異物検出方法。 A heating process that heats the surface area of the detection target where foreign matter is mixed for a predetermined period,
After the end of the heating, an information acquisition step of acquiring information on the temporal change of the temperature distribution in the region, and
Based on the acquired information on the change in temperature distribution over time, a determination step for determining the presence or absence of foreign matter mixed in, and
Bei to give a,
The heating step is a method for detecting a foreign substance, which comprises heating the region with a slit-shaped heat source that narrows the heating range in a slit shape so as to limit the region to a part of the detection target .
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