JP6796321B2 - Operation control method for vehicle refrigeration equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an operation control method of the refrigeration equipment for vehicles, in particular, by using a plurality of different refrigerants, effective integrated to manage the temperature of the cargo compartment, such as refrigerated containers that are mounted on a loading platform of the vehicle regarding the operation control method of the vehicle refrigeration equipment.

Conventionally, in a freezer truck such as a freight vehicle equipped with this type of refrigerating device for vehicles, a luggage compartment that functions as a freezer / refrigerator for a freezer container is provided on the loading platform of the vehicle, and the luggage to be transported (hereinafter referred to as “transported goods”). It is possible to transport the (referred to as) while controlling it at a temperature suitable for it.

In such a refrigerator truck, a compressor is generally installed in the engine room of the vehicle, a condenser is attached to the outer wall of the refrigerator truck, and an evaporator is installed in the refrigerator truck (in the luggage compartment). In the state of being installed, the devices constituting the vehicle refrigerating device (hereinafter, also appropriately referred to as a refrigerating device) are arranged separately. Therefore, there is a problem that the structure of such a refrigerating apparatus becomes complicated and the handling of the refrigerant piping becomes complicated.

Therefore, for example, as in Patent Documents 1 and 2, attention has been paid to a device in which a refrigerating device is unitized and installed in a luggage compartment. In this case, since the capacitors, evaporators, and other devices that make up the refrigeration system are integrated into a unit, there is an advantage that troublesome wiring work can be omitted and installation can be performed easily.

JP-A-2002-370518 JP-A-2015-68626

However, in such a refrigerating vehicle, there is a problem that the space in the luggage compartment is narrowed by the installation space of the refrigerating device and the loadable luggage is reduced. Further, since the compressor in the engine room stops operating when the engine is stopped, there is a big restriction on the use of the refrigerator truck.

For example, in a refrigerating vehicle in which the refrigerating device is driven by using the engine of the vehicle, the refrigerating device also stops when the engine is stopped. Therefore, the temperature in the luggage compartment changes when the vehicle is stopped, such as when carrying in a transported object, and the temperature is low. In some cases, the condition could not be maintained. Therefore, the engine is kept idling without stopping even when the vehicle is stopped to maintain the low temperature in the luggage compartment. However, this time, due to the increase in fuel consumption and exhaust gas in the idling state, fuel efficiency and environmental aspects are improved. Will cause problems. In particular, in recent years, exhaust gas regulations have tended to be tightened from the viewpoint of environmental problems, and it is desired to develop a freezing device for vehicles that can control the temperature in the luggage compartment without idling the engine even when the vehicle is stopped. ..

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, without narrowing the loading space of the transported object in the luggage compartment, and significantly reducing the components, time, labor and running cost required for the mounting work. It is an object of the present invention to provide an operation control method for a vehicle freezing device that can reduce the temperature and efficiently control the temperature of the luggage compartment at a desired temperature.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the vehicle refrigerating apparatus according to the present invention is used.
It is a vehicle refrigeration device for cooling the luggage compartment provided in the vehicle.
A compressor unit with an electric compressor that compresses the refrigerant,
A condenser unit that releases heat from the refrigerant compressed by the compressor unit by exchanging heat with the outside air.
At least two refrigerating cycles including an evaporator unit for cooling the air in the luggage compartment by heat exchange with the refrigerant are provided depending on the type of the refrigerant.
It includes at least a control unit that controls the operation of the entire device including the electric compressor.
This is an operation control method for a vehicle refrigeration device that cools the luggage compartment of a vehicle.
Of each refrigeration cycle, in a portion of the refrigeration cycle, and other refrigeration cycle, a different type of refrigerant is used,
The control unit
When the set temperature in the luggage compartment is a second set temperature lower than the first set temperature, a refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant corresponding to the first set temperature and a refrigerant corresponding to the second set temperature And the refrigeration cycle using the above are operated at the same time, and when the set temperature in the luggage compartment reaches the second set temperature, only the refrigeration cycle using the refrigerant corresponding to the first set temperature is stopped.

According to this, since the compressor unit and the condenser unit are unitized as an external unit part and the evaporator unit is unitized as an internal unit part, the components, time and labor required for installing the vehicle refrigerating device can be significantly reduced. Can be done. In addition, the functions are completed for each component of the refrigeration cycle (compressor unit, evaporator unit, condenser unit, etc.), and the arrangement of the refrigerant piping and the like can be simplified by unitizing them. Therefore, the entire device can be made compact, the mounting space for the compressor unit, the evaporator unit, and the condenser unit can be reduced, and the occupied area of the evaporator unit in the space inside the luggage compartment (refrigerated container) can be reduced. .. Moreover, it can flexibly respond to design changes and specification changes of each element, expand the degree of freedom in design, and is excellent in maintainability.

Further, it is constructed by at least two compressor units and condenser units provided in the external unit unit according to the type of refrigerant, and at least two evaporator units provided in the internal unit unit according to the type of refrigerant. Of the multiple refrigeration cycles, some refrigeration cycles and other refrigeration cycles use different types of refrigerants, and multiple refrigerations using different types of refrigerants correspond to the set temperature in the luggage compartment. Since the optimum refrigeration cycle can be appropriately selected from the cycles, the temperature of the luggage compartment can be efficiently controlled at a desired temperature. Therefore, since the load on the electric compressor can be reduced, the power consumption can be significantly reduced and the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle can be improved. This makes it possible to electrify a wide range of mechanical refrigerator trucks, from conventional small refrigerator trucks to large refrigerator trucks, which depended on engine power for compressor operation. Since an electric refrigerator truck using such an electric compressor can operate the refrigerating device even when the engine is stopped, it is possible to reduce exhaust gas, reduce noise, improve fuel efficiency, and accurately control the temperature when the vehicle is stopped. The merit is great. Further, by operating a plurality of refrigeration cycles at the same time, quick freezing can be supported.

Thus, in the vehicle refrigerating apparatus according to the present invention, it is possible to significantly reduce the components, time, labor, and running cost required for the installation work without narrowing the loading space of the transported object in the luggage compartment, and to reduce the space in the luggage compartment. The temperature can be efficiently controlled at a desired temperature.

Furthermore, the prior SL controller, when setting the temperature of the cargo chamber is the second set temperature lower than the first set temperature, the refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant that corresponds to the first set temperature, said first The refrigeration cycle using the refrigerant corresponding to the second set temperature and the refrigeration cycle using the refrigerant corresponding to the first set temperature are operated at the same time, and when the set temperature in the luggage compartment reaches the second set temperature, the refrigeration cycle using the refrigerant corresponding to the first set temperature is performed. to stop only, by operating the plurality of refrigeration cycle at the same time, it can correspond to quick freezing.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to significantly reduce the components, time, labor and running cost required for the mounting work without narrowing the loading space of the transported object in the luggage compartment, and also to significantly reduce the running cost in the luggage compartment. Can be efficiently controlled at a desired temperature.

It is a schematic diagram which shows one Embodiment of the vehicle refrigerating apparatus which concerns on this invention, and shows the application example mounted on the refrigerating vehicle. It is a block diagram which shows the schematic structure of the refrigerating apparatus for a vehicle of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows typically the evaporator in the vehicle refrigerating apparatus of FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the temperature control procedure of the refrigerating apparatus for a vehicle which concerns on this invention. It is the schematic which shows the other embodiment of the vehicle refrigerating apparatus which concerns on this invention, and shows the application example mounted on the refrigerating vehicle.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 and 2 show an embodiment of a vehicle refrigeration device according to the present invention. The vehicle refrigerating device 1 of the present embodiment cools (that is, freezes) the interior of the refrigerating container K as a luggage compartment mounted on the loading platform of the refrigerating vehicle C using a vehicle such as a freight vehicle at an arbitrary temperature. It is applied to refrigerating equipment (and refrigerating), and is effective for saving installation space and significantly reducing the components, time, and labor required for installation work. In the following description, the front in the traveling direction of the vehicle means the left direction on the paper surface of FIG. 1, and the upper direction means the upper direction on the paper surface of FIG.

<About system configuration>
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the vehicle refrigerating device 1 of the present embodiment is attached to the refrigerating container K of the refrigerating vehicle C. At this time, in the refrigerating container K, the refrigerator main body 7 as an external unit portion in which the condenser unit 20 and the compressor unit 21 described later are integrated is attached to the outer wall portion via the main body frame 9, and is used as the internal unit portion. Evaporator unit 10 is attached to the inner wall portion.

The refrigerator main body 7 heats by exchanging heat with the outside air between a compressor unit 21 having an electric compressor (first and second compressors 21A and 21B described later) for compressing the refrigerant and the refrigerant compressed by the compressor unit 21. A condenser unit 20 having a condenser 22 and a condenser fan 23 is provided, and at least two of these condenser units 20 and two compressor units 21 are provided according to the type of refrigerant. In this case, the refrigerant is a combination of two or more types having significantly different evaporation temperatures. For example, one is R404A, which is a refrigerant having a low evaporation temperature (for example, minus 46.3 ° C.), and the other is an evaporation temperature. R134a, which is a refrigerant having a high temperature (for example, minus 26.2 ° C.), is selected.

Specifically, in the case of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the refrigerator main body 7 includes a first compressor 21A and a first condenser 22A for R404A, and a second compressor 21B and a second condenser 22B for R134a. And are provided integrally. The present invention is not limited to this. For example, when three types of refrigerants are used, three condenser units 20 and three compressor units 21 are provided in the refrigerator main body 7.

The evaporator unit 10 uses a refrigerant to cool the air in the refrigerating container K. In the case of the present embodiment, two types of refrigerants having significantly different evaporation temperatures are used. Therefore, these two types of refrigerants are used. Correspondingly, a plurality of (here, two) evaporators 12A and 12B are provided. That is, when, for example, three types of refrigerants are used, the evaporator unit is provided with three evaporators corresponding to these types of refrigerants.

As described above, in the vehicle refrigerating device 1, the compressor units 21 (first and second compressors 21A, 21B) for constructing a refrigerating cycle for cooling the inside of the refrigerating container K according to the number of types of refrigerants used. , The condenser unit 20 (first and second capacitors 22A, 22B) and the evaporator unit 10 (evaporator 12A, 12B) are provided with systems (in this case, two systems) corresponding to various refrigerants. That is, since these two systems are systematically completely independent, it is possible to select different types of refrigerants for each refrigeration cycle according to the temperature setting that manages the inside of the refrigerating container K. .. As described above, for example, when the inside of the refrigerating container K is set to a low temperature of about -25 ° C., R404A having a lower evaporation temperature and a larger refrigerating capacity is selected as the refrigerant. Further, when the inside of the refrigerating container K is set to a medium temperature of about -10 degrees, R134a having a relatively high evaporation temperature is selected as the refrigerant. In this way, by selecting different types of refrigerants according to the temperature setting to be controlled, the load on the compressors (first and second compressors 21A and 21B) is large, for example, R404A is limited to the required luggage compartment. This makes it possible to contribute to reducing the load on the entire vehicle refrigerating device 1.

Further, the vehicle refrigerating device 1 is a charging device that takes in power from a refrigerating device generator 4 (alternator) driven by an engine (not shown) of the refrigerating vehicle C and a commercial power source, converts it from an AC output to a direct current, and rectifies it. Controls the operation of the device 8, the refrigerating device battery 3 (sub-battery) charged by the refrigerating device generator 4 or the charger 8, and the first and second compressors 21A and 21B provided in the compressor unit 21. To drive the first and second compressors 21A and 21B with a drive unit (not shown) and power (for example, 12V or 24V) input from the refrigerating device battery 3 as a power source based on the control by the drive unit. It includes a DC / DC converter 2 as a power conversion device that converts (boosts) the power (for example, 300V) and supplies the power.

The refrigerating vehicle C is for vehicles that are driven by an engine to generate electric power used by various auxiliary equipment (audio, air conditioner, etc.) of the vehicle and charge the vehicle battery 5 (main battery). A generator 6 (alternator) is provided separately.
However, in the case of the vehicle refrigerating device 1 of the present embodiment, the refrigerating device battery 3 and the refrigerating device generator 4 are provided, and the first and second compressors 21A driven by the refrigerating device battery 3 are provided. , 21B are not mechanical compressors driven by an engine as in the conventional case, so they are not arranged in the engine room, but are arranged in the main body frame 9 together with the condenser unit 20 as the compressor unit 21. Therefore, the operation of the vehicle refrigeration device 1 does not depend on the drive / stop of the engine. Further, since the compressor unit 21, the condenser unit 20, and the evaporator unit 10 are each unitized and the functions are completed for each unit, there is an advantage that the piping arrangement related to the refrigeration cycle can be simplified.

<Evaporator unit configuration>
The evaporator unit 10 is a portion that cools the internal space of the refrigerating container K, and includes evaporators 12A and 12B (evaporators), evaporator fans (not shown), temperature sensors 13A1, 13A2, 13B1, 13B2 and first and second electrons. It is configured to have expansion valves 14A, 14B and the like, and is arranged in the refrigerating container K.

In this case, two evaporators 12A and 12B are provided according to the type of the refrigerant, and are sent from the condenser unit 20 via the high temperature / high pressure pipe 15 and the first and second electron expansion valves 14A and 14B, respectively. By exchanging heat with the air in the refrigerating container K, the coming refrigerant evaporates the refrigerant and cools the air. At this time, the first and second electron expansion valves 14A and 14B reduce the pressure of the liquid refrigerant cooled by the condenser unit 20 by adjusting the opening degree of the expansion valve to form a low-temperature / low-pressure atomization. , Make the liquid refrigerant easy to vaporize (evaporate) (promote the vaporization of the refrigerant).

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the two evaporators 12A and 12B communicate with the condenser unit 20 and the compressor unit 21, respectively, and have flow paths (pipes 15 and 16) through which different types of refrigerants flow. A plurality of layers (in this case, three layers) are provided. The evaporators 12A and 12B having three layers are alternately arranged and integrated one layer at a time in the direction in which the pipes 15 and 16 overlap each other in parallel.

Then, as the blown air into the refrigerating container K (air for cooling the inside of the refrigerating container K), first, the refrigerant R134a having a high evaporation temperature arranged in the front stage (that is, the front side in the traveling direction of the refrigerating vehicle C) is used. With a two-stage cooling structure that is once cooled by the evaporator 12B and then further cooled by the evaporator 12A using the refrigerant R404A having a low evaporation temperature arranged in the rear stage (that is, inside the refrigerating container K behind the refrigerating vehicle C in the traveling direction). It has become. In particular, in the case of the present embodiment, three combinations of the two-stage cooling structures are combined, and cooling is possible in a total of six stages.

In this way, by arranging the evaporator 12B using the refrigerant R134a having a high evaporation temperature in the front stage, the air blown into the refrigerating container K is cooled, and the evaporator 12A using the refrigerant R404A having a low evaporation temperature arranged in the rear stage is used. The effect of pre-cooling (subcooling) is obtained.

After that, the refrigerant is returned to the corresponding first and second compressors 21A and 21B of the compressor unit 21 via the low pressure / return pipe 16. The evaporator fan (not shown) includes, for example, a turbo fan, is rotated by an evaporator fan motor (not shown), and sends out air cooled by the evaporators 12A and 12B into the refrigerating container K. At this time, the temperature sensors 13A1, 13A2, 13B1, 13B2 adjust the opening degrees of the first and second electron expansion valves 14A and 14B by detecting the temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the evaporators 12A and 12B, respectively, and are not shown. The temperature sensor inside the refrigerator detects the temperature inside the freezer container K, and sends a signal according to the detection result of the temperature inside the refrigerator to a control unit and a drive unit (not shown) in order to control the temperature control inside the refrigerator container K. Send out.

At this time, the evaporator unit 10 is provided with a hot gas pipe 17 in parallel with the high temperature / high pressure pipe 15 as the refrigerant pipe and the low pressure / return pipe 16, and the solenoid valves 24A1, 24B1 on the refrigerating machine main body 7 side are installed. And, the flow of the refrigerant pipe can be switched by the solenoid valves 24A2, 24B2 on the evaporator unit 10 side (that is, the first and second solenoid valves 24A1, 24A2 and 24B1, 24B2 provided for each refrigeration cycle). It has become. The hot gas pipe 17 is provided for defrosting, and in the condenser unit 20 in the external unit section described later, the refrigerant flowing at high temperature and high pressure without exchanging heat with the outside air is selectively introduced into the evaporator unit 10. The internal unit inside the freezer container K can be warmed and defrosted by flowing it into the freezer container K.

That is, the two solenoid valves 24A1 and 24A2 provided in the high temperature / high pressure pipe 15 are opened, and the refrigerant flowing from the condenser unit 22A at high temperature and high pressure is directly flowed to the evaporator 12A. The condenser unit 22A is piped in parallel with the refrigerant pipe 17, but when the first solenoid valve 24A1 is opened, the pipe resistance in the condenser unit 22A is large, so that the refrigerant flows through the refrigerant pipe 17 having a small pipe resistance. Further, a check valve 25A is provided in order to prevent the refrigerant from flowing back to the condenser unit 22A. Further, since the second solenoid valve 24A2 is open, the refrigerant that has flowed into the evaporator unit 10 directly flows to the evaporator 12A without passing through the electron expansion valve 14A. Since the same operation is performed for the two solenoid valves 24B1 and 24B2 in the other refrigeration cycle, the description thereof is omitted here.
By the operation of these first and second solenoid valves 24A1, 24B1 and 24A2, 24B2, the internal unit portion in the refrigerating container K is heated by hot gas, and defrosting can be performed. At this time, the opening degrees of the first and second electron expansion valves 14A and 14B are controlled by the temperature sensors 13A1, 13A2, 13B1, 13B2.

<Capacitor unit configuration>
Next, the capacitor unit 20 will be described. The condenser unit 20 is a portion that is arranged in the main body frame 9 and exchanges heat of the refrigerant outside the refrigerating container K (outdoor), and corresponds to different types of refrigerants (in this case, two). It is configured to include components such as second capacitors 22A and 22B (condenser) and a fan unit (condenser fan 23, condenser fan motor (not shown)).

The first and second capacitors 22A and 22B exchange heat between the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant and the outside air to make the refrigerant liquid. The condenser fan 23 is rotated by a condenser fan motor (not shown), sucks air from the internal space of the condenser unit 20 and discharges it to the outside. The condenser fan 23 may be provided individually for each of the first and second capacitors 22A and 22B, or one large capacitor unit 20 as a whole may be provided.

In such a capacitor unit 20, the upper surfaces of the capacitors 22 (first and second capacitors 22A and 22B) are inclined downward from the front to the rear of the vehicle, and the fan composed of the capacitor fan 23 and the capacitor fan motor is superimposed on the upper surface. A unit (not shown) is attached. Then, the main body frame 9 is attached to the luggage compartment partition wall portion 40 located above the wall portion in front of the refrigerating container K in the traveling direction in a state of contact. As described above, the condenser unit 20 having the first and second capacitors 22A, 22B and the like for constructing the refrigerating cycle corresponding to the different kinds of refrigerants (that is, the plurality of condenser units 20 corresponding to the different kinds of refrigerants in the vehicle refrigerating device 1). The condenser units 20) for constructing the refrigeration cycle of the above are collectively arranged in the main body frame 9.

<Compressor unit configuration>
Next, the configuration of the compressor unit 21 will be described. The compressor unit 21 is composed of components such as first and second compressors 21A and 21B (electric compressors) and accumulators (not shown) corresponding to different types of refrigerants. The accumulator functions as a liquid pool of the refrigerant, and is an element for returning the gaseous refrigerant to the first and second compressors 21A and 21B. The first and second compressors 21A and 21B are driven by a battery 3 dedicated to the vehicle refrigerating device 1, and compress a gaseous refrigerant into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas.

The compressor unit 21 is arranged together with the condenser unit 20 in a state of being close to the condenser unit 20 with respect to the main body frame 9 so as to be located above the roof of the cab (vehicle compartment) in the refrigerator truck C. It is attached via 9. As described above, the compressor unit 21 having the first and second compressors 21A, 21B and the like for constructing the refrigerating cycle corresponding to different types of refrigerants (that is, the compressor unit 21 for constructing the refrigerating cycle of the vehicle refrigerating device 1). ) Are collectively arranged on the outside of the luggage compartment of the main body frame 9.

<Other configurations>
Although not shown here, the compressor unit 21 and the condenser unit 20 are formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape having a trapezoidal plane, and are covered with a casing whose upper surface is inclined downward from the rear to the front of the vehicle. ing. The casing is provided with an intake port for taking in outside air on the front side located in front of the traveling direction. In addition, an air outlet is formed on the upper surface of the casing so as to function as a heat radiating portion for discharging heat upward.

A fan unit (not shown) including a condenser fan 23 and a condenser fan motor faces from this air outlet. The various components described above in the compressor unit 21 and the condenser unit 20 are arranged in the casing so that the intake port faces forward and the exhaust port faces upward above the roof of the cab (cab) in the refrigerator truck C. It is attached to the main body frame 9 via the main body frame 9. Therefore, the outside air is taken into the inside of the condenser unit 20 from the intake port, and then is guided to the air outlet from the lower surface through the inside of the condensers 22 (first and second condensers 22A and 22B). Then, it is discharged toward the rear of the refrigerating vehicle C in the traveling direction (above the refrigerated container K) through the air outlet. In this way, the condenser fan 23 can generate an air flow to efficiently exchange heat with the condensers 22 (first and second condensers 22A and 22B).

At this time, the casing is preferably made of, for example, FRP (Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic) resin and has a shape that can be easily die-cut. Further, it is preferable that the casing has a structure that can be opened and closed by using a mechanism such as a hinge at the front portion or the rear portion in the traveling direction. As a result, the structure can be easily opened and closed like an engine hood, so that a structure having excellent maintainability can be realized. Moreover, such a casing is provided with an intake port on the front surface and an air outlet functioning as a heat radiating portion on the upper surface, so that it is easy to take in the wind (outside air) from the front of the vehicle, and the condenser 22 (first and first). Since the two capacitors 22A and 22B) can be smoothly blown out, the heat dissipation is excellent, and the heat exchange efficiency of the capacitors 22 (first and second capacitors 22A and 22B) can be improved.

The refrigerating device battery 3 functions as an operating power source for the vehicle refrigerating device 1. The refrigerating device battery 3 of the present embodiment is separate from the vehicle battery 5 that supplies electric power when the engine mounted on the refrigerating vehicle C is started, and is, for example, from a lead battery or the like defined for a power supply voltage of DC12V. Become. The above-mentioned evaporator fan motor and condenser fan motor (both not shown) operate at DC12V corresponding to the rated voltage of the refrigerating device battery 3.

The DC / DC converter 2 boosts the DC12V power supply from the refrigerating device battery 3 to a voltage suitable for the operation of the first and second compressors 21A and 21B. In this embodiment, DC12V is boosted to DC300V.

Although not shown here, the vehicle refrigerating device 1 is provided with a switch group, a display unit, and a control unit near the dash panel near the driver's seat in the passenger compartment (cab) of the refrigerating vehicle C. The switch group is composed of various switches such as an ON / OFF switch for instructing operation start and operation stop. Further, the display unit displays, for example, the set temperature and voltage of the vehicle refrigerating device 1.

The control unit controls various operations in the vehicle refrigerating device 1. For example, the display unit is controlled to display various information, the detected temperature is recognized based on the detection signal from the internal temperature sensor (not shown), and the fan motor is controlled.

The drive unit is configured to be able to communicate with the control unit, and sends and receives necessary information to and from the control unit. Further, the drive unit is arranged in the main body frame 9 and performs various controls in the vehicle refrigerating device 1. For example, the drive unit drives and controls the first and second compressors 21A and 21B based on the control signal transmitted from the control unit, and controls the operation of the evaporator fan motor and the condenser fan motor.

The refrigerant that has passed through the first and second evaporators 12A and 12B is sent to the first and second compressors 21A and 21B and compressed. As a result, the refrigerant becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure gas again. This high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is guided to the capacitors 22 (first and second capacitors 22A and 22B) to exchange heat with the outside air. By this heat exchange, the heat absorbed by the refrigerant is released to the outside air. The liquefied refrigerant delivered from the capacitors 22 (first and second capacitors 22A and 22B) is depressurized by the first and second electron expansion valves 14A and 14B, and vaporization is promoted. Then, the refrigerants from the first and second electron expansion valves 14A and 14B are sent to the first and second evaporators 12A and 12B and used again for cooling the air.

<Operation control method for vehicle refrigeration equipment>
Here, the operation control method in the vehicle refrigeration device 1 will be described. In such an operation control method, the control unit operates as an operation mode in which the power consumption of the vehicle refrigerating device 1 is suppressed to a low level, and as shown in FIG. 4, the refrigerating device 1 is in an initial state (for example, the temperature inside the refrigerating container K is positive). From 35 ° C. to 0 ° C., which is the first set temperature) (SP1: YES), a medium-temperature refrigeration cycle using an evaporator 12B using a refrigerant R134a having a high evaporation temperature is operated (SP2). At this time, if the temperature inside the refrigerating container K is equal to or lower than the first set temperature (SP1: NO), the process proceeds to SP4, which will be described later.

Next, after the initial state has passed (that is, the temperature inside the refrigerating container K has reached the first set temperature) (SP3: YES), the evaporator 12B using the refrigerant R134a having a high evaporation temperature operated in the initial state is used. The low temperature using the evaporator 12A using the refrigerant R404A having a low evaporation temperature until the refrigerating cycle using the above is stopped and the second set temperature (for example, -20 ° C) which is the set target temperature in the refrigerating container K is reached. Run the refrigeration cycle (SP4). At this time, if the temperature in the refrigerating container K has not reached the first set temperature (SP3: NO), the process shifts to SP2 and the operation of the medium temperature refrigeration cycle is continued.

After that, when the temperature in the freezing container K reaches the second set temperature (SP5: YES), the freezing cycle for low temperature is stopped or the output is reduced to operate (SP6), and the freezing device 1 is operated. When is no longer needed (SP7: YES), the operation of the refrigerating device 1 is stopped. At this time, if the temperature in the refrigerating container K has not reached the second set temperature (SP5: NO), the process shifts to SP4 and the operation of the low temperature refrigeration cycle is continued.

In this way, the set temperature in the refrigerating container K is set in a plurality of stages according to the type of the refrigerant to be used (for example, if there are two types of refrigerant, the set temperature is set in two stages), and the set temperature is set accordingly. By appropriately selecting and operating the refrigeration cycle (for example, the refrigeration cycle for medium temperature and the refrigeration cycle for low temperature), in the process of cooling the inside of the refrigeration container K to the second set temperature, up to the first set temperature in the middle. Since it is cooled by the medium temperature refrigeration cycle and the temperature inside the refrigeration container K becomes a certain temperature or less, even if it is operated by the low temperature refrigeration cycle, the entire system does not become a large load. Therefore, when an electric compressor is used as in the vehicle refrigerating device 1, the power consumption can be significantly reduced. Further, when these medium temperature freezing cycle and low temperature freezing cycle are used at the same time, effective quick freezing can be realized.

<Summary>
As described above, the vehicle refrigerating device 1 of the present embodiment is for cooling the inside of the refrigerating container K provided on the loading platform of the refrigerating vehicle C, and includes a compressor unit 21 for compressing the refrigerant. At least two condenser units 20 (first and second compressors), which are compressed by the compressor unit 21 by exchanging heat with the outside air and release heat from the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant, are provided according to the type of the refrigerant. 21A, 21B, first and second compressors 22A, 22B) The external unit unit and the evaporator unit 10 that cools the air in the refrigerating container K by exchanging heat with the refrigerant, depending on the type of refrigerant. , At least two (first and second evaporators 12A, 12B) are provided together with an internal unit portion. Then, it is constructed by each compressor unit 21 (first and second compressors 21A, 21B), a condenser unit 20 (first and second condensers 22A, 22B), and an evaporator unit 10 (first and second evaporators 12A, 12B). Of the plurality of refrigeration cycles, some refrigeration cycles and other refrigeration cycles use different types of refrigerants, and include at least the first and second compressors 21A and 21B which are electric compressors. The control unit that controls the overall operation is a refrigeration cycle corresponding to the first set temperature in the refrigerating container K and the second set temperature lower than the first set temperature from among the plurality of refrigeration cycles. Is selected to control the operation of the selected refrigeration cycle.

At this time, by electrifying the compressors (first and second compressors 21A and 21B) that are the core of the refrigerating system, components other than the evaporator unit 10 can be integrated as the refrigerating machine main body 7, and a plurality of components can be integrated. The refrigeration system can be integrated and installed. This is extremely effective for mounting and mounting work.

Since the compressor unit 21 and the condenser unit 20 are unitized as an external unit and the evaporator unit 10 is unitized as an internal unit, the components, time, and labor required for mounting the vehicle refrigerating device 1 are significantly reduced. be able to.

In addition, the functions are completed for each component of the refrigeration cycle (compressor unit 21, condenser unit 20, evaporator unit 10), and the unitization shortens the refrigerant pipes (various pipes 15 to 17) and arranges them. Can also be simplified. Therefore, the entire device can be made compact, the mounting space for the compressor unit 21, the evaporator unit 10 and the condenser unit 20 can be reduced, and the occupied area of the evaporator unit 10 in the space inside the refrigerating container K can be reduced. it can. Moreover, it can flexibly respond to design changes and specification changes of each element, expand the degree of freedom in design, and is excellent in maintainability.

Further, at least two compressor units 21 (first and second compressors 21A, 21B) and condenser units 20 (first and second condensers 22A, 22B) are provided in the external unit portion according to the type of refrigerant. , A part of the refrigeration cycles constructed by the evaporator units 10 (first and second evaporators 12A and 12B) provided in the internal unit portion according to the type of the refrigerant, and a part of the refrigeration cycles. , Different types of refrigerants (R404A / R134a) are used in other refrigeration cycles, and multiple refrigeration cycles (medium temperature refrigeration cycle / low temperature) using different types of refrigerants are used according to the set temperature in the luggage compartment. Since the optimum refrigeration cycle can be appropriately selected from the refrigeration cycle), the temperature inside the refrigeration container K can be efficiently controlled at a desired temperature. Therefore, since the load on the first and second compressors 21A and 21B in the compressor unit 21 can be reduced, the power consumption can be significantly reduced and the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle can be improved. This makes it possible to electrify a wide range of mechanical refrigerator trucks, from conventional small refrigerator trucks to large refrigerator trucks, which depended on engine power for compressor operation. Since an electric refrigerator truck using such an electric compressor can operate the refrigerator truck 1 even when the engine is stopped, it is electrified such as zero exhaust gas, noise reduction, fuel efficiency improvement, and accurate temperature control when the vehicle is stopped. The merit of is great. Further, by operating a plurality of refrigeration cycles at the same time, quick freezing can be supported.

Thus, in the vehicle refrigerating apparatus 1 according to the present invention, it is possible to significantly reduce the components, time, labor and running cost required for the mounting work without narrowing the loading space of the transported object in the refrigerating container K. The temperature inside the refrigerating container K can be efficiently controlled at a desired temperature.

Moreover, since the vehicle refrigerating device 1 includes a refrigerating device battery 3 charged by a dedicated refrigerating device generator 4 or a charger 8 that takes in electric power from a commercial power source as a power source, the vehicle is a conventional vehicle. It is not necessary to use the engine to drive the compressors (first and second compressors 21A, 21B). In other words, it is not necessary to depend on the engine for the operation of the vehicle refrigerating device 1. Therefore, even if the engine is stopped when the vehicle is stopped for delivery or the like, the vehicle refrigerating device 1 can continue to operate independently, so that the low temperature state in the refrigerating container K can be maintained. That is, since it is not necessary to keep the engine of the refrigerator truck C in an idling state even when the vehicle is stopped, it is possible to avoid an increase in fuel consumption and environmental pollution due to exhaust gas.

Further, by providing a charger 8 that takes in electric power from a commercial power source as a means for charging the refrigerating device battery 3, the refrigerating device battery is provided by using a dedicated refrigerating device generator 4 driven by an engine during traveling. If the battery 3 can be charged and a commercial power source can be secured while the vehicle is stopped, the battery 3 for the refrigerating device can be charged by the charger 8 that takes in power from the commercial power source without driving the engine of the vehicle.

Moreover, the refrigerator main body 7 (compressor unit 21 and condenser unit 20) is covered with a casing provided in the main body frame 9, and the casing is provided with an intake port for taking in outside air from the front in the traveling direction. There is. Further, since the casing is provided with a heat radiating portion for discharging heat upward, it is easy to take in the wind (outside air) from the front of the vehicle C, and the condenser 22 (first and second condensers 22A) is easily taken in. , 22B) can be made smooth. Therefore, the heat dissipation is excellent, and the heat exchange efficiency of the capacitors 22 (first and second capacitors 22A and 22B) can be improved.

Furthermore, by using digitally controlled electronic expansion valves (first and second electronic expansion valves 14A and 14B) as expansion valves, it is flexible to fluctuations in the refrigerant, unlike analog expansion valves that are limited by the type of refrigerant. Refrigerant can be freely replaced in the refrigeration system as much as possible.

Moreover, the hot gas pipe 17 is installed in parallel with the refrigerant pipes (high temperature / high pressure pipe 15 and low pressure / return pipe 16), and two solenoid valves (first and second solenoid valves 24A1) are provided for each refrigerant pipe. By switching the flow of the refrigerant pipe by 24B1 and 24A2, 24B2), heating (defrosting) in the refrigerating container K is also possible. This uses pipes (high temperature / high pressure pipe 15) that pass through the first and second capacitors 22A and 22B during freezing, and does not pass through the first and second capacitors 22A and 22B during heating. This is possible by using the hot gas pipe 17 that directly sends the gas compressed by the first and second compressors 21A and 21B to the first and second evaporators 12A and 12B.

<Modification example>
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit thereof, and an equivalent thereof is also included.

For example, as in the vehicle refrigerating device 100 shown in FIG. 5 in which the corresponding portions corresponding to those in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals, the inside of the refrigerating container K is partitioned into a plurality of (two) chambers K1 and K2 by the partition wall 11. You may. Then, each of the plurality of compartments K1 and K2 in the freezing container K as the luggage compartment mounted on the loading platform of the freezing vehicle C is cooled (that is, frozen or refrigerated) at an arbitrary temperature.

In this case, the compressor unit 21 (first and second compressors 21A, 21B) and the condenser unit 20 (first and first) for constructing a refrigeration cycle for cooling each chamber K1 and K2 divided into a plurality of refrigerator containers K. Two capacitors 22A, 22B) and first and second evaporator units 10A, 10B are provided in systems corresponding to each chamber K1 and K2 (in this case, two systems), and these two systems are completely independent in terms of system. Therefore, different types of refrigerants can be selected for each refrigeration cycle according to the temperature setting for controlling K1 and K2 in each chamber.

Therefore, for example, R404A having a low evaporation temperature and a large refrigerating capacity is selected for the first chamber K1, while R134a having a relatively high evaporation temperature is selected for the second chamber K2. By selecting different types of refrigerants accordingly, the load on the compressors (first and second compressors 21A, 21B), for example, R404A can be limited to only the required luggage compartment, and the entire vehicle refrigeration apparatus 1 can be used. It can contribute to the reduction of load. Further, since the refrigerant can be replaced as needed, the degree of freedom in setting the luggage compartment temperature is increased.

Incidentally, the vehicle refrigerating device 100 of FIG. 5 described here corresponds to the first chamber K1 and the second chamber K2 in the refrigerating container K in which the evaporator unit 10 is partitioned, and the first and second evaporators 12A, The point that it is constructed by the evaporator 12 having two of 12B, and the fact that this second evaporator unit 12B is separate from the refrigerator main body 7 (that is, without being assembled to the main body frame 9) is a freezing container as a single unit. Needless to say, it has almost the same configuration as the vehicle refrigerating device 1 of FIGS. 1 and 3 described above, except that it is installed in the second chamber K2 of K. At this time, the refrigerator main body 7 and the second evaporator unit 12B are connected by pipes 15 and 16 inserted through holes 11A formed in the partition wall 11.

When the inside of the refrigerating container K is divided into a plurality of chambers in this way, a plurality of internal unit portions corresponding to the plurality of chambers (first chamber K1 and second chamber K2) are provided, and the external unit portion is provided with a plurality of internal unit portions. A plurality of condenser units 20 and a plurality of compressor units 21 are provided according to the number of internal unit portions, and one of the first and second chambers K1 and K2 (first chamber K1) has a main body frame. An external unit portion and at least one internal unit portion are attached via 9, and another internal unit portion is attached to the other chamber (second chamber K2), whereby a component of the refrigeration cycle (compressor unit) is attached. 21 ・ Evaporator unit 10A, 10B ・ Condenser unit 20 etc.) The functions are completed, and the condenser unit 20 and the compressor unit 21 are external units according to the number of internal units provided in each room K1 and K2. Since it is provided in the section, even if the inside of the freezer container K is divided into multiple chambers, it can flexibly respond to design changes and specification changes of each element, and has the advantage of expanding the degree of freedom in design. ing.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the refrigerator main body 7 as an external unit portion is attached to the outer wall portion of the refrigerating container K via the main body frame 9, and the vaporizer unit 10 as the internal unit portion is attached to the inner wall portion of the refrigerating container K. Although the case where it is attached to a portion has been described, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the external unit portion is arranged on the outside of the luggage compartment and the internal unit portion is arranged on the inside of the luggage compartment, and the container is integrally assembled to one main body frame so that the partition wall is interposed at the boundary between them, and the freezing container. A mounting opening corresponding to the evaporator unit 10 arranged on the luggage compartment side of the main body frame is provided at a position above the front in the traveling direction in K, and the luggage compartment outer side and the luggage compartment side are separated by the partition wall. It may be attached to the refrigerating container K via the main body frame so that the weight balance with the above is substantially even.

At this time, in the main body frame, the evaporator unit 10 side is inserted into the mounting opening of the refrigerating container K, and the mounting opening is closed by the partition wall portion, so that the evaporator unit 10 is arranged in the refrigerating container K. It is preferable that the main body frame is abutted along the outer wall surface of the refrigerating container K to close the mounting opening.

As a result, the outside of the luggage compartment where the compressor unit 21 and the condenser unit 20 are arranged and the inside of the luggage compartment where the evaporator unit 10 is arranged are arranged in the main body frame with a substantially even weight balance around the partition wall. In the state of being attached to the freezing container K, the weight distribution can be made even between the inside and the outside of the freezing container K through the mounting opening, and the bending moment to the mounting opening can be reduced. .. Therefore, it is possible to have an advantage that the reinforcing member or the like conventionally provided in the ceiling portion or the like in the luggage compartment is not required.

Further, the vehicle refrigerating device can be mounted in a state where the evaporator unit 10 arranged on the inside of the luggage compartment side is arranged in the refrigerating container K simply by attaching the main body frame to the mounting opening of the refrigerating container K. At this time, the refrigerating container K can be applied to various vehicles simply by preparing a mounting opening according to the shape of the main body frame, so that versatility can be enhanced. Further, since the partition wall is attached in a state of being in contact with the periphery of the mounting opening of the refrigerated container K, the periphery of the mounting opening can be covered by the partition wall, and the cold air in the refrigerated container K can be discharged from the mounting opening. Leakage can be prevented and airtightness can be ensured.

In the above-described embodiment, the case where a refrigerated vehicle C using a freight vehicle is used as the vehicle has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a vehicle capable of mounting a refrigerated container as a luggage compartment. If so, for example, various vehicles such as light trucks, pickup type vehicles, lorries of various sizes (small to large) including van type vehicles, leisure vehicles such as campers, and special vehicles can be widely applied. it can.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the case where a lead battery or the like defined for a power supply voltage of DC12V is applied as the battery 3 for the refrigerating device has been described, but this is only an example and is not limited to this. Needless to say, it may be set to various power supply voltages according to the vehicle type such as DC24V and DC48V.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be added that the embodiments of the present invention include various embodiments as follows.
(1) A vehicle refrigeration device for cooling the luggage compartment provided in a vehicle.
A compressor unit with an electric compressor that compresses the refrigerant,
A condenser unit that releases heat from the refrigerant compressed by the compressor unit by exchanging heat with the outside air.
An external unit unit having at least two of each, depending on the type of the refrigerant.
An internal unit unit having at least two evaporator units for cooling the air in the luggage compartment by heat exchange with the refrigerant, depending on the type of the refrigerant.
It includes at least a control unit that controls the operation of the entire device including the electric compressor.
Of the plurality of refrigerating cycles constructed by each of the compressor units, condenser units, and evaporator units, a different type of refrigerant is used in some refrigerating cycles and in other refrigerating cycles.
The control unit selects a refrigeration cycle corresponding to the first set temperature in the luggage compartment and the second set temperature lower than the first set temperature from the plurality of refrigeration cycles. A vehicle refrigeration system characterized by controlling the operation of a selected refrigeration cycle.

(2) The evaporator unit is
A plurality of evaporators that communicate with the condenser unit and the compressor unit and have a flow path through which the refrigerant flows are provided according to the type of the refrigerant.
The vehicle freezing device according to (1), wherein the evaporators corresponding to the different types of refrigerants are alternately arranged in a direction in which the flow paths overlap in parallel.

(3) Further provided with a main body frame to which the external unit portion and the internal unit portion are integrally assembled.
The main body frame
The outside of the luggage compartment where the external unit is arranged and the inside of the luggage compartment where the internal unit is arranged are integrated with each other via a partition wall.
The vehicle refrigerating device according to (1) or (2), wherein the outside side of the luggage compartment and the inside portion of the luggage compartment are arranged with a substantially equal weight balance around the partition wall portion.

According to this, the outside of the luggage compartment where the compressor unit and the condenser unit are arranged and the inside of the luggage compartment where the evaporator unit is arranged are arranged in the main body frame with a substantially even weight balance around the partition wall. When mounted in the luggage compartment (refrigerated container), the weight distribution can be made even between the inside and outside of the luggage compartment through the mounting opening, and the bending moment to the mounting opening can be reduced. it can.

(4) The luggage compartment is provided with a mounting opening corresponding to the partition wall of the main body frame at an upper position in front of the vehicle in the traveling direction.
The main body frame is fitted in the luggage compartment with the luggage compartment side inserted into the mounting opening, and the partition wall is in contact with the periphery of the mounting opening in the luggage compartment. The vehicle freezing device according to (3), which is characterized in that it is attached.

According to this, simply by attaching the main body frame to the mounting opening of the luggage compartment (refrigerated container), the vehicle refrigerating device can be installed with the evaporator unit arranged on the luggage compartment side arranged inside the luggage compartment. Can be done. At this time, it can be applied to various vehicles only by preparing a mounting opening corresponding to the shape of the main body frame in the luggage compartment, so that versatility can be enhanced. Further, since the partition wall is mounted in a state of being in contact with the periphery of the mounting opening of the luggage compartment, the periphery of the mounting opening can be covered by the partition wall, and cold air in the luggage compartment can be prevented from leaking from the mounting opening. It can be prevented in advance and the airtightness can be ensured.

(5) A generator driven by the engine of the vehicle and provided exclusively for the compressor unit, the evaporator unit, and the condenser unit.
The battery charged by the generator and
An electric power converter that inputs electric power using the battery as a power source, converts the input electric power into electric power for driving the electric compressor based on the control by the control unit, and supplies the electric power.
It is further equipped with a charger that takes in power from a commercial power source, converts it from AC output to DC, and rectifies it.
The vehicle refrigerating device according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the battery is charged by the generator or the charger.

(6) When the luggage compartment is divided into a plurality of chambers
A plurality of the internal unit portions corresponding to the plurality of the chambers are provided, and at the same time,
The method according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the external unit unit is provided with a plurality of the capacitor units and a plurality of the compressor units according to the number of the internal unit units. Freezer for vehicles.

(7) Of the plurality of chambers, the external unit portion and at least one internal unit portion are attached to one chamber via the main body frame, and the internal unit portion is attached to each of the other chambers. The vehicle freezing device according to (6), which is characterized by being attached.

As described above, among the plurality of chambers, the external unit portion and at least one internal unit portion are attached to one chamber via the main body frame, and the internal unit portion is attached to each of the other chambers. The installation space of the vehicle refrigerating device in each room can be reduced, and the area occupied by the evaporator unit in the space inside the luggage compartment (refrigerated container) can be reduced.

(8) A compressor unit having an electric compressor that compresses the refrigerant, and
A condenser unit that releases heat from the refrigerant compressed by the compressor unit by exchanging heat with the outside air.
At least two refrigerating cycles including an evaporator unit for cooling the air in the luggage compartment by heat exchange with the refrigerant are provided depending on the type of the refrigerant.
A control unit that controls the operation of the entire device including at least the operation of the electric compressor is provided.
This is an operation control method for a vehicle refrigeration device that cools the luggage compartment of a vehicle.
Of each of the refrigeration cycles, some refrigeration cycles and other refrigeration cycles use different types of refrigerants.
The control unit
When the set temperature in the luggage compartment is the first set temperature, a refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant corresponding to the first set temperature is selected from each of the refrigeration cycles.
When the set temperature in the luggage compartment is a second set temperature lower than the first set temperature, from each of the refrigeration cycles until the set temperature in the luggage compartment reaches the first set temperature, A refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant corresponding to the first set temperature is selected, and when the first set temperature is reached, the refrigeration cycle using the refrigerant corresponding to the second set temperature is switched from the selected refrigeration cycle. A method for controlling the operation of a vehicle refrigerating apparatus, which comprises operating these refrigeration cycles in this way.

(9) The control unit
When the set temperature in the luggage compartment is the second set temperature, the refrigeration cycle using the refrigerant corresponding to the first set temperature and the refrigeration cycle using the refrigerant corresponding to the second set temperature are performed. When the set temperature in the luggage compartment reaches the second set temperature, only the refrigerating cycle using the refrigerant corresponding to the first set temperature is stopped. Control method.

1 Vehicle refrigeration system 2 DC / DC converter (electric power converter)
3 Refrigerating device battery (battery)
4 Generator for refrigeration equipment (generator)
5 Vehicle battery 6 Vehicle generator 7 Refrigerator body 8 Charger 9 Body frame 10 Evaporator unit 10A 1st evaporator unit 10B 2nd evaporator unit 11 Partition wall 12 Evaporator (evaporator)
12A 1st evaporator (evaporator)
12B 2nd evaporator (evaporator)
13A 1st temperature sensor (temperature sensitive cylinder)
13B 2nd temperature sensor (temperature sensitive cylinder)
14A 1st electronic expansion valve 14B 2nd electronic expansion valve 15 High temperature / high pressure piping 16 Low pressure / return piping 17 Hot gas piping 20 Condenser unit 21 Compressor unit 21A 1st compressor (compressor)
21B 2nd compressor (compressor)
22 Capacitor (condenser)
22A 1st capacitor (condenser)
22B 2nd capacitor (condenser)
23 Condenser fan 24A1,24B1 1st solenoid valve 24A2, 24B2 2nd solenoid valve 25A, 25B Check valve 40 Luggage compartment bulkhead C Refrigerator truck (vehicle)
K Refrigerated container (luggage compartment)
K1 Room 1 K2 Room 2

Claims (1)

A compressor unit with an electric compressor that compresses the refrigerant,
A condenser unit that releases heat from the refrigerant compressed by the compressor unit by exchanging heat with the outside air.
At least two refrigerating cycles including an evaporator unit for cooling the air in the luggage compartment by heat exchange with the refrigerant are provided depending on the type of the refrigerant.
A control unit that controls the operation of the entire device including at least the operation of the electric compressor is provided.
This is an operation control method for a vehicle refrigeration device that cools the luggage compartment of a vehicle.
Of each of the refrigeration cycles, some refrigeration cycles and other refrigeration cycles use different types of refrigerants.
The control unit
When the set temperature in the luggage compartment is a second set temperature lower than the first set temperature, a refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant corresponding to the first set temperature and a refrigerant corresponding to the second set temperature The refrigeration cycle using the above is operated at the same time, and when the set temperature in the luggage compartment reaches the second set temperature, only the refrigeration cycle using the refrigerant corresponding to the first set temperature is stopped. Operation control method for vehicle refrigeration equipment.

Images