JP6786689B1 - How to recycle aluminum railcars - Google Patents
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009429 electrical wiring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 paint Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
【課題】この発明は、幾多の異物を含むアルミニウム製鉄道車両のスクラップを、ＪＩＳ規格のアルミニウムにリサイクルすることを課題とするものである。【解決手段】この発明は、アルミニウム製鉄道車両の車体を溶解炉に投入できる大きさの切断片に切断する工程と、前記切断片を溶解炉で溶解する工程と、アルミニウムと異物との融点の違いを利用してアルミニウムと異物とを分離する工程とで、アルミニウム製鉄道車両をリサイクルするものである。溶解により、金属以外の異物はアルミドロスに混ざって表面に浮かび、異金属は溶解されずに炉の底に沈むので、アルミドロスを除去することによって高純度のアルミニウムを回収しリサイクルすることができる。【選択図】 図２PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To recycle scrap of an aluminum railroad vehicle containing a large number of foreign substances into JIS standard aluminum. According to the present invention, a step of cutting a vehicle body of an aluminum railroad vehicle into cut pieces having a size that can be put into a melting furnace, a step of melting the cut pieces in a melting furnace, and a melting point of aluminum and a foreign substance. Aluminum railcars are recycled in the process of separating aluminum and foreign matter by utilizing the difference. Due to melting, foreign substances other than metal are mixed with aluminum dross and float on the surface, and foreign metals are not melted and sink to the bottom of the furnace. Therefore, high-purity aluminum can be recovered and recycled by removing the aluminum dross. .. [Selection diagram] Fig. 2
Description
この発明は、アルミニウム製鉄道車両の車体から異物を除去し、ＪＩＳ規格のアルミニウムにリサイクルすることのできる、アルミニウム製鉄道車両のリサイクル方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for recycling an aluminum railroad vehicle, which can remove foreign substances from the body of an aluminum railroad vehicle and recycle it into JIS standard aluminum.
アルミニウムのスクラップを、ＪＩＳ規格のアルミニウムにリサイクルする発明として、以下のものが知られている。 The following inventions are known as inventions for recycling aluminum scrap into JIS standard aluminum.
この発明は、自動車用アルミニウムのリサイクルに関するものであり、塗料を除去した後に溶解することを特徴としている。
しかしながら、鉄道車両の塗装はきわめて強靱であり、この発明で提案されている機械的除去や溶媒を用いた除去では、容易に除去することができない。また、塗料以外の異物を除去する手法は提案されていない。
The present invention relates to the recycling of aluminum for automobiles, and is characterized in that the paint is removed and then dissolved.
However, the coating of railroad vehicles is extremely tough and cannot be easily removed by the mechanical removal or solvent-based removal proposed in the present invention. Moreover, no method for removing foreign substances other than paint has been proposed.
この発明は、アルミニウム合金材が接合された廃銅製品からアルミニウムをリサイクルする方法において、濃硝酸水溶液で洗浄することによって異物を除去するものである。
しかしながら、この発明は主として熱交換器からアルミニウムをリサイクルすることが想定されており、鉄道車両のように幾多の異物を含むスクラップからのリサイクルに適用することはできない。
The present invention is a method for recycling aluminum from a waste copper product to which an aluminum alloy material is bonded, in which foreign substances are removed by washing with a concentrated nitric acid aqueous solution.
However, the present invention is mainly intended to recycle aluminum from heat exchangers, and cannot be applied to recycling from scrap containing a large number of foreign substances such as railroad vehicles.
この発明は、幾多の異物を含むアルミニウム製鉄道車両のスクラップを、ＪＩＳ規格のアルミニウムにリサイクルすることを課題とするものである。 An object of the present invention is to recycle scraps of aluminum railroad vehicles containing a large number of foreign substances into JIS standard aluminum.
鉄道車両の車体は、鋼製、ステンレス製、アルミニウム製があるが、アルミニウム製は車両価格が高い。しかしながら、車体のアルミニウムをＪＩＳ規格のアルミニウムにリサイクルすることができれば、製造コストの一部を吸収することができるので、アルミニウム製鉄道車両のリサイクル技術の確立が望まれている。 The body of a railroad vehicle is made of steel, stainless steel, or aluminum, but the price of aluminum is high. However, if the aluminum of the car body can be recycled to JIS standard aluminum, a part of the manufacturing cost can be absorbed, so that it is desired to establish a recycling technique for aluminum railcars.
ところで、アルミニウム製鉄道車両１は、外装はパテを含めて５膜程度の複層塗装が施されていて塗装が強靱である。また、近年の主流であるダブルスキン構造の車両においては、内外のアルミニウム壁１ａ，１ｂの間の中空部分に樹脂系制振・断熱材が充填され、内側に断熱シートや付着物のための下地やボルト等が付属している。加えて電気配線なども収められ、電気配線は銅、鉄、プラスチックなどの異物を含んでいる。これら幾多の異物を含む点がリサイクルの障害となっている。
これらの異物を、手作業により完全に除去するためには多くの時間と人手が必要である。
By the way, the exterior of the aluminum railroad vehicle 1 is coated with a multi-layer coating of about 5 films including putty, and the coating is tough. Further, in a vehicle having a double-skin structure, which has become the mainstream in recent years, a resin-based vibration damping / heat insulating material is filled in a hollow portion between the inner and outer aluminum walls 1a and 1b, and a heat insulating sheet and a base for deposits are provided inside. And bolts are included. In addition, electrical wiring is also included, and the electrical wiring contains foreign substances such as copper, iron, and plastic. The fact that these many foreign substances are contained is an obstacle to recycling.
It takes a lot of time and manpower to completely remove these foreign substances by hand.
この発明は、アルミニウム製ダブルスキン構造の鉄道車両の車体を、溶解炉に投入できる大きさの切断片に切断又は粉砕する工程と、前記切断片を溶解炉で溶解する工程と、アルミニウムが溶解した時点で、アルミニウムよりも比重の小さい溶解した異物はアルミドロスと混ざって表面に浮上し、アルミニウムよりも融点の高い異物は溶解されずに炉の底に残るという、アルミニウムと異物との融点及び比重の違いを利用して、アルミニウムと異物とを分離する工程の各工程を順次行うことで、アルミニウム製鉄道車両をリサイクルするものである（請求項１）。
請求項２の発明は、請求項１の発明における溶解工程の前に、切断又は粉砕の工程で車体の切断片から分離された異物を分離する工程を介在させたものである。
この発明において、アルミニウム製とは、アルミニウム合金製を含み、異物とは塗料、制振・断熱材、銅、鉄、プラスチックなど、アルミニウム以外の素材をいう。
The present invention, the body of a railway vehicle aluminum double skin structure, and cutting or grinding the cut pieces of the size that can be put into dissolve furnace, comprising the steps of dissolving the cut pieces in a melting furnace, the aluminum dissolution At that point, dissolved foreign matter with a specific gravity lower than that of aluminum mixes with aluminum dross and floats on the surface, and foreign matter with a melting point higher than aluminum remains at the bottom of the furnace without being melted. The aluminum railroad vehicle is recycled by sequentially performing each step of the step of separating aluminum and foreign matter by utilizing the difference in specific gravity (claim 1).
The invention of claim 2 intervenes a step of separating a foreign substance separated from a cut piece of a vehicle body in a step of cutting or crushing before the melting step in the invention of claim 1.
In the present invention, the term "aluminum" includes an aluminum alloy, and the term "foreign matter" refers to a material other than aluminum such as paint, vibration damping / heat insulating material, copper, iron, and plastic.
前記溶解工程において、撹拌を行うことが好ましい。撹拌により切断片同士が締め固まり、炉内において表面近傍のアルミニウムの酸化が進み切断片内部への熱伝導率が低下して溶解しにくい状態となることを回避でき、アルミニウムの回収率を向上することができる。
この発明において、溶解の前に異物除去を行わない場合は、切断片の大きさは問わず、炉で処理できる限界まで大きなものでもよい。他方、溶解の前に異物を除去する場合は、５〜１０センチ角程度のチップとすることが好ましい。
It is preferable to perform stirring in the dissolution step. It is possible to prevent the cut pieces from being compacted by stirring and the aluminum near the surface being oxidized in the furnace and the thermal conductivity inside the cut pieces being lowered to make it difficult to dissolve, thereby improving the recovery rate of aluminum. be able to.
In the present invention, when the foreign matter is not removed before melting, the size of the cut pieces may be large to the limit that can be processed in the furnace. On the other hand, when removing foreign matter before dissolution, it is preferable to use a tip of about 5 to 10 cm square.
前記異物の除去は、手作業又は風力選別、フルイ選別、磁気選別、リニア選別の何れか一つないし全ての手法で行う。 The foreign matter is removed manually or by any one or all of wind sorting, flue sorting, magnetic sorting, and linear sorting.
鉄道車両のスクラップ材（切断片）に含まれる主な異物は以下のものである。
(1) 複層塗装 (2) 塗装下地 (3) 樹脂系制振・断熱材 (4) 接着剤 (5) ボルト、下地など異金属（SUS、Fe、Cr、Ni）
The main foreign substances contained in the scrap material (cut pieces) of railway vehicles are as follows.
(1) Multi-layer coating (2) Coating base (3) Resin-based vibration damping / heat insulating material (4) Adhesive (5) Different metals such as bolts and base (SUS, Fe, Cr, Ni)
アルミニウムの融点は約６６０度であるところ、(1)ないし(4)の異物の融点はそれよりも低く、他方(5)の異金属の融点は１４００度以上である。そして、(1)ないし(4)の異物の比重はアルミニウムより小さく、(5)の異金属の比重はアルミニウムより大きい。
したがって、スクラップ材を炉で溶解すると、アルミニウムが溶解した時点で、(1)ないし(4)の異物はアルミドロスと混ざって表面に浮上し、(5)の異金属は溶解されずに炉の底に残る。
そこで、アルミドロスと溶融した異物を除去することによって、異物が除去された高純度の再生アルミニウムを得ることができる。
Where the melting point of aluminum is about 660 degrees, the melting point of the foreign matter of (1) to (4) is lower than that, and the melting point of the foreign metal of (5) is 1400 degrees or more. The specific gravity of the foreign matter in (1) to (4) is smaller than that of aluminum, and the specific gravity of the foreign metal in (5) is larger than that of aluminum.
Therefore, when the scrap material is melted in the furnace, when the aluminum is melted, the foreign substances in (1) to (4) are mixed with the aluminum dross and float on the surface, and the foreign metal in (5) is not melted in the furnace. Remains at the bottom.
Therefore, by removing the aluminum dross and the molten foreign matter, high-purity recycled aluminum from which the foreign matter has been removed can be obtained.
ダブルスキン構造のアルミニウム製鉄道車両の車体１（具体的には、新幹線７００系車両。６０００系アルミニウム合金製）を、スクラップ工程での最初の工程である粉砕機による処理で、大割（５０cm×１００cm)の切断片にする。
この段階では、異物の除去は行っていない。
The body 1 of an aluminum railroad car with a double-skin structure (specifically, a Shinkansen 700 series car, made of 6000 series aluminum alloy) is processed by a crusher, which is the first step in the scrap process, and is a large percentage (50 cm x 50 cm x). Cut into pieces of 100 cm).
At this stage, foreign matter has not been removed.
前記大割の切断片をそのまま炉に投入して溶解する。上記の通りアルミニウムの融点は約６６０度であるから、アルミニウム２が溶解したとき、(1)ないし(4)の異物は溶解しており、かつアルミニウムよりも比重が小さいので、アルミドロス３と混ざって炉の表面に浮かび上がる。他方、(5)の異金属４は溶解せずに炉の底に沈んでいる。
そこで、アルミドロスとこれに混ざった異物を除去した後に溶解したアルミニウムを取り出すと、異物の除去された、ＪＩＳ規格（６０００系アルミニウム合金)の再生アルミニウムを得ることができる。
The large piece of cut pieces is directly put into a furnace and melted. As described above, since the melting point of aluminum is about 660 degrees, when aluminum 2 is melted, the foreign substances (1) to (4) are melted and the specific gravity is smaller than that of aluminum, so that it is mixed with aluminum dross 3. It emerges on the surface of the furnace. On the other hand, the dissimilar metal 4 of (5) is not melted and sinks to the bottom of the furnace.
Therefore, if the molten aluminum is taken out after removing the aluminum dross and the foreign matter mixed therewith, it is possible to obtain the JIS standard (6000 series aluminum alloy) recycled aluminum from which the foreign matter has been removed.
この実施例においては、異物の除去をせずに溶解しているために、アルミドロスに混ざる異物の量が非常に多くなること、また酸化したアルミニウムのドロスが大量に発生してしまうために、溶解ロスが大きいという問題点が残る。 In this embodiment, since the foreign matter is dissolved without being removed, the amount of foreign matter mixed with the aluminum dross becomes very large, and a large amount of oxidized aluminum dross is generated. The problem of large dissolution loss remains.
実施例１で使用した大割のスクラップ材を粉砕し、数センチ角のチップ材とする。このチップ材を炉に投入して溶解すると、実施例１の場合と同様に、(1)ないし(4)の異物は溶解してアルミドロスと混ざって炉の表面に浮かび、(5)の異金属は炉の底に沈む。そこで、アルミドロスとこれに混ざった異物を除去した後に溶解したアルミニウムを取り出すと、異物の除去されたＪＩＳ規格（６０００系アルミニウム合金)の再生アルミニウムを得ることができる。 A large amount of scrap material used in Example 1 is crushed into chips of several centimeters square. When this chip material is put into a furnace and melted, the foreign substances (1) to (4) are melted and mixed with aluminum dross and float on the surface of the furnace, as in the case of Example 1, and the difference in (5) is different. The metal sinks to the bottom of the furnace. Therefore, if the molten aluminum is taken out after removing the aluminum dross and the foreign matter mixed therein, recycled aluminum of the JIS standard (6000 series aluminum alloy) from which the foreign matter has been removed can be obtained.
この実施例においては、大割のスクラップ材を粉砕することにより、発泡材やボルトなど異物の一部が分離されるので、炉に投入される異物の量が減少する。そのためにアルミドロスに混ざる異物の量を減らすことができる。また、チップとしたのでアルミニウムの酸化も減少し、アルミニウムの回収率が向上する。 In this embodiment, by crushing a large amount of scrap material, a part of foreign matter such as foaming material and bolts is separated, so that the amount of foreign matter put into the furnace is reduced. Therefore, the amount of foreign matter mixed in the aluminum dross can be reduced. In addition, since the chips are used, the oxidation of aluminum is reduced and the recovery rate of aluminum is improved.
実施例２で使用したチップ材を炉に投入する前に、可能な限り異物を除去するものである。
すなわち、風力選別、フルイ選別、磁気選別を順次行い、最後にリニア選別を行う。
リニア選別とは、様々なセンサーと磁石を高速で回すことにより右図電流をスクラップ材・チップ材に与えることによって、異物が混入しているスクラップ材からアルミニウムだけを正確に取り出すことができる手法であり、磁界に対して磁石と反発する物質と反発しにくい物質とでは落下位置が異なることを利用して選別するものである。
リニア選別を採用することにより、ほぼアルミニウムのみを抽出することが可能となった。
Foreign matter is removed as much as possible before the chip material used in Example 2 is put into the furnace.
That is, wind power sorting, flue sorting, and magnetic sorting are performed in sequence, and finally linear sorting is performed.
Linear sorting is a method that can accurately extract only aluminum from scrap materials containing foreign substances by applying the current shown on the right to scrap materials and chip materials by rotating various sensors and magnets at high speed. Therefore, a substance that repels a magnet against a magnetic field and a substance that does not easily repel a magnetic field are selected by utilizing the fact that the drop position is different.
By adopting linear sorting, it became possible to extract almost only aluminum.
前記異物の除去工程の後、チップ材を炉に投入して溶解する。この溶解工程において、チップ材を撹拌する。このことで、チップ材の締め固まりが防止でき、表面近傍のアルミニウムの酸化を可及的に防止し、アルミドロスの発生量を減少させ、アルミニウムの回収率を向上させることができる。
前記撹拌は、例えばレーキのような器具を用いて行う。
After the foreign matter removing step, the chip material is put into a furnace and melted. In this melting step, the chip material is agitated. As a result, compaction of the chip material can be prevented, oxidation of aluminum in the vicinity of the surface can be prevented as much as possible, the amount of aluminum dross generated can be reduced, and the recovery rate of aluminum can be improved.
The stirring is performed using an instrument such as a rake.
溶解により、前記異物の除去工程において未だ除去しきれていない異物を分別し、異物の除去されたＪＩＳ規格（６０００系アルミニウム合金)の再生アルミニウムを得ることができる。 By melting, foreign matter that has not been completely removed in the foreign matter removing step can be separated, and recycled aluminum of JIS standard (6000 series aluminum alloy) from which the foreign matter has been removed can be obtained.
本願発明者は、７００系新幹線車両の廃車体を用いて実験を行ったが、本願発明は、新幹線車両以外のアルミニウム製鉄道車両のリサイクルに広く利用できるものである。 The inventor of the present application conducted an experiment using an abandoned vehicle body of a 700 series Shinkansen vehicle, but the invention of the present application can be widely used for recycling aluminum railway vehicles other than the Shinkansen vehicle.
この発明は、アルミニウム製鉄道車両のアルミニウムをＪＩＳ規格の再生アルミニウムとしてリサイクルすることを可能にするものであり、産業上の利用可能性を有するものである。 The present invention makes it possible to recycle aluminum of an aluminum railroad vehicle as JIS standard recycled aluminum, and has industrial applicability.
１ ダブルスキン構造の鉄道車両
２ アルミニウム
３ アルミドロス
４ 異金属
1 Double-skin structure railroad car 2 Aluminum 3 Almidross 4 Different metals
Claims (5)
前記切断片を溶解炉で溶解する工程、
アルミニウムが溶解した時点で、アルミニウムよりも比重の小さい溶解した異物はアルミドロスと混ざって表面に浮上し、アルミニウムよりも融点の高い異物は溶解されずに炉の底に残るという、アルミニウムと異物との融点及び比重の違いを利用して、アルミニウムと異物とを分離する工程
の各工程を順次行う、アルミニウム製鉄道車両のリサイクル方法。 The process of cutting or crushing the body of a railroad car with an aluminum double-skin structure into pieces large enough to be put into a melting furnace.
The step of melting the cut pieces in a melting furnace,
When aluminum melts, the melted foreign matter, which has a lower specific gravity than aluminum, mixes with aluminum dross and floats on the surface, and foreign matter with a melting point higher than aluminum remains on the bottom of the furnace without being melted. A method for recycling an aluminum railroad vehicle, in which each step of separating aluminum and foreign matter is sequentially performed by utilizing the difference in melting point and specific gravity of aluminum.
請求項１に記載のアルミニウム製鉄道車両のリサイクル方法。 Prior to the melting step, a step of separating the foreign matter separated from the cut pieces of the car body in the cutting or crushing step was interposed.
The method for recycling an aluminum railroad vehicle according to claim 1 .
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